1
|
Lin M, Xiao Y, Dai Y, Mao Y, Xu L, Zhang Q, Chen Z. Chloroxine inhibits pancreatic cancer progression through targeted antagonization of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:951-965. [PMID: 37848695 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with pancreatic cancer have a dismal prognosis due to tumor cell infiltration and metastasis. Many reports have documented that EMT and PI3K-AKT-mTOR axis control pancreatic cancer cell infiltration and metastasis. Chloroxine is an artificially synthesized antibacterial compound that demonstrated anti-pancreatic cancer effects in our previous drug-screening trial. We have explored the impact of chloroxine on pancreatic cancer growth, infiltration, migration, and apoptosis. METHODS The proliferation of pancreatic cancer cell lines (PCCs) treated with chloroxine was assessed through real-time cell analysis (RTCA), colony formation assay, CCK-8 assay, as well as immunofluorescence. Chloroxine effects on the infiltrative and migratory capacities of PCCs were assessed via Transwell invasion and scratch experiments. To assess the contents of EMT- and apoptosis-associated proteins in tumor cells, we adopted Western immunoblotting as well as immunofluorescence assays, and flow cytometry to determine chloroxine effects on PCCs apoptosis. The in vivo chloroxine antineoplastic effects were explored in nude mice xenografts. RESULTS Chloroxine repressed pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration, and infiltration in vitro, as well as in vivo, and stimulated apoptosis of the PCCs. Chloroxine appeared to inhibit PCC growth by Ki67 downregulation; this targeted and inhibited aberrant stimulation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling cascade, triggered apoptosis in PCC via mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, and modulated the EMT to inhibit PCC infiltration and migration. CONCLUSIONS Chloroxine targeted and inhibited the PI3K-AKT-mTOR cascade to repress PCCs growth, migration, as well as invasion, and triggered cellular apoptosis. Therefore, chloroxine may constitute a potential antineoplastic drug for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yile Dai
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yefan Mao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline in Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department for Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng Y, Guo K, Jiang J, Lin S. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes as delivery vehicles for non-coding RNAs in lung diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116008. [PMID: 38071800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of lung diseases is gradually increasing with an increase in the average human life expectancy. Therefore, it is necessary to identify effective methods to treat lung diseases and reduce their social burden. Currently, an increasing number of studies focus on the role of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) as a cell-free therapy in lung diseases. They show great potential for application to lung diseases as a more stable and safer option than traditional cell therapies. MSC-Exos are rich in various substances, including proteins, nucleic acids, and DNA. Delivery of Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) enables MSC-Exos to communicate with target cells. MSC-Exos significantly inhibit inflammatory factors, reduce oxidative stress, promote normal lung cell proliferation, and reduce apoptosis by delivering ncRNAs. Moreover, MSC-Exos carrying specific ncRNAs affect the proliferation, invasion, and migration of lung cancer cells, thereby playing a role in managing lung cancer. The detailed mechanisms of MSC-Exos in the clinical treatment of lung disease were explored by developing standardized culture, isolation, purification, and administration strategies. In summary, MSC-Exo-based delivery methods have important application prospects for treating lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Feng
- Hangzhou School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Kaibo Guo
- Department of Oncology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Markham M, Troeberg L. Using siRNA Silencing to Analyze ADAM17 in Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2747:119-129. [PMID: 38038936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3589-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Silencing expression with short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a rapid and cost-effective way to analyze the involvement of target genes in a range of biological processes. Here we describe isolation of primary human monocytes from peripheral blood and their in vitro differentiation to macrophages, followed by electroporation with siRNA to silence expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). This enables evaluation of ADAM17's role in cleaving transmembrane proteins, such as its prototypic substrate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, or immunoblotting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Markham
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sikora H, Gruba N, Wysocka M, Piwkowska A, Lesner A. Optimization of fluorescent substrates for ADAM17 and their utility in the detection of diabetes. Anal Biochem 2023; 681:115337. [PMID: 37783443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17) is a sheddase that releases various types of membrane-associated proteins, including adhesive molecules, cytokines and their receptors, and inflammatory mediators. Evidence suggests that the enzyme is involved in the proteolytic cleavage of antiaging transmembrane protein Klotho (KL). What is more, reduced serum and urinary KL levels are observed in the early stages of chronic kidney disease. This study aimed to optimise the ADAM17 specific and selective fluorescent substrates. Then, the obtained substrate was used to detect the enzyme in urine samples of patients diagnosed with diabetes. It turned out that in all cases we were able to detect proteolytic activity, which was the opposite of the healthy samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honorata Sikora
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Gruba
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 Street, PL, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Wysocka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland; Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63 Street, PL, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grannemann C, Pabst A, Honert A, Schieren J, Martin C, Hank S, Böll S, Bläsius K, Düsterhöft S, Jahr H, Merkel R, Leube R, Babendreyer A, Ludwig A. Mechanical activation of lung epithelial cells through the ion channel Piezo1 activates the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 and promotes growth factor and adhesion molecule release. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 152:213516. [PMID: 37348330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
In the lung, pulmonary epithelial cells undergo mechanical stretching during ventilation. The associated cellular mechanoresponse is still poorly understood at the molecular level. Here, we demonstrate that activation of the mechanosensitive cation channel Piezo1 in a human epithelial cell line (H441) and in primary human lung epithelial cells induces the proteolytic activity of the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 at the plasma membrane. These ADAMs are known to convert cell surface expressed proteins into soluble and thereby play major roles in proliferation, barrier regulation and inflammation. We observed that chemical activation of Piezo1 promotes cleavage of substrates that are specific for either ADAM10 or ADAM17. Activation of Piezo1 also induced the synthesis and ADAM10/17-dependent release of the growth factor amphiregulin (AREG). In addition, junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) was shed in an ADAM10/17-dependent manner resulting in a reduction of cell contacts. Stretching experiments combined with Piezo1 knockdown further demonstrated that mechanical activation promotes shedding via Piezo1. Most importantly, high pressure ventilation of murine lungs increased AREG and JAM-A release into the alveolar space, which was reduced by a Piezo1 inhibitor. Our study provides a novel link between stretch-induced Piezo1 activation and the activation of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in lung epithelium. This may help to understand acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which is induced by ventilation stress and goes along with perturbed epithelial permeability and release of growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Grannemann
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alessa Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Honert
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Schieren
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Martin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sophia Hank
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Svenja Böll
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bläsius
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger Jahr
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf Merkel
- Institute of Biological Information Processing 2, Mechanobiology, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mishra AB, Nishank SS. Therapeutic targeting approach on epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity to combat cancer metastasis. Med Oncol 2023; 40:190. [PMID: 37247000 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) is a process in which epithelial cells lose their characteristics and acquire mesenchymal properties, leading to increased motility and invasiveness, which are key factors in cancer metastasis. Targeting EMP has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to combat cancer metastasis. Various strategies have been developed to target EMP, including inhibition of key signaling pathways, such as TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenin, and Notch, that regulate EMP, as well as targeting specific transcription factors, such as Snail, Slug, and Twist, that promote EMP. Additionally, targeting the tumor microenvironment, which plays a critical role in promoting EMP, has also shown promise. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of EMP-targeting therapies in inhibiting cancer metastasis. However, further research is needed to optimize these strategies and improve their clinical efficacy. Overall, therapeutic targeting of EMP represents a promising approach for the development of novel cancer therapies that can effectively inhibit metastasis, a major cause of cancer-related mortality.
Collapse
|
7
|
Sisto M, Lisi S. Towards a Unified Approach in Autoimmune Fibrotic Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109060. [PMID: 37240405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity is a chronic process resulting in inflammation, tissue damage, and subsequent tissue remodelling and organ fibrosis. In contrast to acute inflammatory reactions, pathogenic fibrosis typically results from the chronic inflammatory reactions characterizing autoimmune diseases. Despite having obvious aetiological and clinical outcome distinctions, most chronic autoimmune fibrotic disorders have in common a persistent and sustained production of growth factors, proteolytic enzymes, angiogenic factors, and fibrogenic cytokines, which together stimulate the deposition of connective tissue elements or epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) that progressively remodels and destroys normal tissue architecture leading to organ failure. Despite its enormous impact on human health, there are currently no approved treatments that directly target the molecular mechanisms of fibrosis. The primary goal of this review is to discuss the most recent identified mechanisms of chronic autoimmune diseases characterized by a fibrotic evolution with the aim to identify possible common and unique mechanisms of fibrogenesis that might be exploited in the development of effective antifibrotic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Lisi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Piazza Giulio Cesare 1, I-70124 Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang K, Xuan Z, Liu X, Zheng M, Yang C, Wang H. Immunomodulatory role of metalloproteinase ADAM17 in tumor development. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1059376. [PMID: 36466812 PMCID: PMC9715963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1059376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM17 is a member of the a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases involved in the shedding of some cell membrane proteins and regulating various signaling pathways. More than 90 substrates are regulated by ADAM17, some of which are closely relevant to tumor formation and development. Besides, ADAM17 is also responsible for immune regulation and its substrate-mediated signal transduction. Recently, ADAM17 has been considered as a major target for the treatment of tumors and yet its immunomodulatory roles and mechanisms remain unclear. In this paper, we summarized the recent understanding of structure and several regulatory roles of ADAM17. Importantly, we highlighted the immunomodulatory roles of ADAM17 in tumor development, as well as small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting ADAM17.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zixue Xuan
- Clinical Pharmacy Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weng M, Shi C, Han H, Zhu H, Xiao Y, Guo H, Yu Z, Wu C. Sophocarpine inhibits tumor progression by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in castration-resistant prostate cancer. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14042. [PMID: 36132221 PMCID: PMC9484452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of sophocarpine on the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods DU145 and PC3 cells (two CRPC cell lines), incubated with different concentrations of sophocarpine, were used. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, real-time cellular analysis, and colony formation assay were conducted to evaluate the proliferation of CRPC cells. Cytometry flow analysis was performed to evaluate the apoptosis rate of CRPC cells. Wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were performed and the levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins were determined to analyze cell migration and invasion abilities. A xenografted tumor model of nude mice was used to examine the anti-cancer effect of sophocarpine on CRPC. Western blotting was performed to evaluate the activities of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway both in cells and tumor tissues. Results In vitro tests showed that sophocarpine suppressed the proliferation of CRPC cells, reduced the migration and invasion abilities, and increased the apoptosis rate. In vivo, sophocarpine decreased the weight and volume of tumor tissues. Mechanically, sophocarpine exerted its anti-cancer effects by inactivating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. Conclusion Sophocarpine inhibited the progression of CRPC by downregulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and showed a potential to be an anti-cancer agent against CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Weng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenghao Shi
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hengyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hangcheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hepato-Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhixian Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cunzao Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sjögren's Syndrome-Related Organs Fibrosis: Hypotheses and Realities. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123551. [PMID: 35743618 PMCID: PMC9224630 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a systemic chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration of salivary glands (SGs) and lacrimal glands, causing glandular damage. The disease shows a combination of dryness symptoms found in the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and vagina, representing a systemic disease. Recent advances link chronic inflammation with SG fibrosis, based on a molecular mechanism pointing to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The continued activation of inflammatory-dependent fibrosis is highly detrimental and a common final pathway of numerous disease states. The important question of whether and how fibrosis contributes to SS pathogenesis is currently intensely debated. Here, we collect the recent findings on EMT-dependent fibrosis in SS SGs and explore clinical evidence of multi-organ fibrosis in SS to highlight potential avenues for therapeutic investigation.
Collapse
|
11
|
E-Cadherin Signaling in Salivary Gland Development and Autoimmunity. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082241. [PMID: 35456333 PMCID: PMC9031707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin, the major epithelial cadherin, is located in regions of cell–cell contact known as adherens junctions. E-cadherin contributes to the maintenance of the epithelial integrity through homophylic interaction; the cytoplasmic tail of E-cadherin directly binds catenins, forming a dynamic complex that regulates several intracellular signal transduction pathways, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recent progress uncovered a novel and critical role for this adhesion molecule in salivary gland (SG) development and in SG diseases. We summarize the structure and regulation of the E-cadherin gene and transcript in view of the role of this remarkable protein in SG morphogenesis, focusing, in the second part of the review, on altered E-cadherin expression in EMT-mediated SG autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheng WH, Kao SY, Chen CL, Yuliani FS, Lin LY, Lin CH, Chen BC. Amphiregulin induces CCN2 and fibronectin expression by TGF-β through EGFR-dependent pathway in lung epithelial cells. Respir Res 2022; 23:381. [PMID: 36578010 PMCID: PMC9797108 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway fibrosis is one of the pathological characteristics of severe asthma. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β has been known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition formation and to play a role in the progression of tissue fibrosis. Cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2) and fibronectin (FN) are well-known markers of EMT and fibrosis. However, whether AREG is involved in TGF-β-induced CCN2 and FN expression in human lung epithelial cells is unknown. METHODS AREG and FN were analyzed by immunofluorescence staining on ovalbumin-challenged mice. CCN2 and FN expression were evaluated in human lung epithelial (A459) cells following TGF or AREG treatment for the indicated times. Secreted AREG from A549 cells was detected by ELISA. Cell migration was observed by a wound healing assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to detect the c-Jun binding to the CCN2 promoter. RESULTS AREG and FN expression colocalized in lung tissues from mice with ovalbumin-induced asthma by immunofluorescence staining. Moreover, TGF-β caused the release of AREG from A549 cells into the medium. Smad3 siRNA down-regulated AREG expression. AREG also stimulated CCN2 and FN expression, JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation, and cell migration in A549 cells. AREG small interfering (si) RNA inhibited TGF-β-induced expression of CCN2, FN, and cell migration. Furthermore, AREG-induced CCN2 and FN expression were inhibited by EGFR siRNA, a JNK inhibitor (SP600125), and an activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitor (curcumin). EGFR siRNA attenuated AREG-induced JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation. Moreover, SP600125 downregulated AREG-induced c-Jun phosphorylation. CONCLUSION These results suggested that AREG mediates the TGF-β-induced EMT in human lung epithelial cells through EGFR/JNK/AP-1 activation. Understanding the role of AREG in the EMT could foster the development of therapeutic strategies for airway remodeling in severe asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wun-Hao Cheng
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Respiratory Therapy, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ya Kao
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Fara Silvia Yuliani
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481International Graduate Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan ,grid.8570.a0000 0001 2152 4506Department of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lee-Yuan Lin
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Huang Lin
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Gradual Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Chang Chen
- grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan ,grid.412896.00000 0000 9337 0481Division of Thoracic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Cadherin Signaling in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413358. [PMID: 34948155 PMCID: PMC8704376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins mediate cell–cell adhesion through a dynamic process that is strongly dependent on the cellular context and signaling. Cadherin regulation reflects the interplay between fundamental cellular processes, including morphogenesis, proliferation, programmed cell death, surface organization of receptors, cytoskeletal organization, and cell trafficking. The variety of molecular mechanisms and cellular functions regulated by cadherins suggests that we have only scratched the surface in terms of clarifying the functions mediated by these versatile proteins. Altered cadherins expression is closely connected with tumorigenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent fibrosis, and autoimmunity. We review the current understanding of how cadherins contribute to human health and disease, considering the mechanisms of cadherin involvement in diseases progression, as well as the clinical significance of cadherins as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
|