Associations of Exercise Habits in Adolescence and Old Age with Risk of Osteoporosis in Older Adults: The Bunkyo Health Study

Effect of light walking combined with arthroscopic surgery on bone mineral density in patients with foot and ankle osteoarthritis

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of light walking combined with arthroscopic surgery on the efficacy and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) of patients with ankle arthritis. Methods 180 patients with ankle arthritis were retrospectively selected, who were divided into a control group (Group A) and an experimental group (Group B) according to treatment methods, with 90 patients in each group. Group A was treated with conventional open surgery and Group B was treated with light walking combined with arthroscopic surgery. The two groups were compared before and after treatment on scales such as the AOFAS ankle hindfoot score. Meanwhile, the patients' BMD and levels of inflammatory factors such as tumor cell necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were compared before and after treatment. Results The Kofoed and AOFAS scale scores were higher for mild walking combined with arthroscopic surgery than for conventional treatment (P < 0.05), and their pain visual analogue VAS scores were lower than for conventional treatment (P < 0.05). In Group B, the postoperative BMD increase was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The R-value between PDGF bone growth factor and BMD was 0.957 and the R-value between VEGF growth factor and BMD was 0.903. The R-value between patient age and BMD was -0.936 and the R-value between patient BMI and BMD was -0.913. The treatment efficiency in Group B was 96.7 %. Conclusion The results prove that light walking combined with arthroscopic surgery is suitable for the surgical treatment of patients with ankle arthritis because it has a better therapeutic effect and makes patients' BMD level improved.

Prevalence and influencing factors of kinesiophobia in older patients with primary osteoporosis: A cross-sectional survey

AIM

To explore the prevalence of kinesiophobia in older patients with primary osteoporosis and analyze its influencing factors.

METHODS

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 221 older patients with primary osteoporosis in a general hospital in Kunming, China. Data were collected through a sociodemographic-clinical questionnaire, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia-11 (TSK-11), Global Pain Scale (GPS), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form (FFMQ-SF), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). SPSS 27.0 software was utilized for univariate and binary logistic regression analyses.

RESULTS

The findings revealed that the prevalence of kinesiophobia in this study was 57.01 %. Age, history of fractures, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lumbar disc herniation, chronic pain, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression were identified as significant influencing factors of kinesiophobia in the binary logistic regression analyses.

CONCLUSION

Healthcare professionals should be attentive to occurrence of kinesiophobia. Timely measures should be implemented to improve pain, anxiety and depression, and employ mindfulness interventions to mitigate kinesiophobia.

The joint effects of physical activity and sleep duration on risk of osteoporosis in Taiwanese adult population: The Taiwan Biobank Study

Most studies investigating the association between physical activity and osteoporosis prevention only focused on specific types of physical activity. This study's evidence regarding the combined effects or interaction of sleep duration and physical activity. The findings emphasize the role of sleep duration and physical activity in association with osteoporosis.

PURPOSE

The associations between physical activity, sleep duration, and prevalent osteoporosis in Taiwanese adults were studied in this cross-sectional study.

METHODS

The Taiwan Biobank enrolled a community-based cohort of ~ 120,000 volunteers (as of April 30, 2020) between 30 and 76 years of age with no history of cancer. Amongst, bone mineral density (BMD) measures by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) were available in 22,402 participants. After excluding individuals who had no complete data of BMI (n = 23), MET score (n = 207), T-score (n = 8,826), and sleep duration (n = 16), 13,330 subjects were included as the primary cohort. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between the presence of osteoporosis, physical activity level, sleep duration, and other variables.

RESULTS

The results showed that after adjustment, subjects with physical activity < 20 METs/week and ≥ 20 METs/week (aOR = 1.017 and 0.767, respectively) were associated with risk of osteoporosis than those with zero MET. The odds of osteoporosis were not significantly lower in subjects who slept for ≥ 8 h/day (aOR = 0.934,p=0.266). In addition, compared to short sleepers with no physical activity, adults with increased physical activity ≥ 20 METs/week and sleep ≥ 8 h/day had a significantly lowest likelihood of osteoporosis (aOR = 0.702). Those with medium physical activity (< 20 METs/week) plus average sleep duration (6.5-8 h/day) did not have significant higher odds of osteoporosis (aOR = 1.129,p=0.151).

CONCLUSION

The findings emphasize the joint role of sleep duration and physical activity in association with osteoporosis. Adults with high physical activity plus high sleep hours have the highest BMD and lowest risk of osteoporosis.

Medial meniscus extrusion is invariably observed and consistent with tibial osteophyte width in elderly populations: The Bunkyo Health Study

We reported that the full-length width of medial tibial osteophytes comprising cartilage and bone parts correlates with medial meniscus extrusion (MME) in early-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, no data exist on the prevalence of MME and its relationship with osteophytes in the elderly population. 1191 elderly individuals (females 57%; 72.9 years old on average) in the Bunkyo Health Study underwent standing plain radiograph and proton density-weighted MRI on knee joints. MRI-detected OA changes were evaluated according to the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score. A new method of assessing the cartilage and bone parts of osteophytes was developed using pseudo-coloring images of proton density-weighted fat-suppressed MRI. Most subjects showed Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1 or 2 radiographic medial knee OA (88.1%), MME (98.7%, 3.90 ± 2.01 mm), and medial tibial osteophytes (99.3%, 3.27 ± 1.50 mm). Regarding OA changes, MME was closely associated with the full-length width of medial tibial osteophytes (β = 1.114; 95% CI 1.069-1.159; p < 0.001) in line with osteophyte width (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.804; 95% CI 0.783-0.823). Our data revealed that MME and medial tibial osteophytes are observed in the elderly and demonstrate that the degree of MME is consistent with the full-length width of medial tibial osteophytes, suggesting that osteophytes might be implicated in MME.

Playing basketball and volleyball during adolescence is associated with higher bone mineral density in old age: the Bunkyo Health Study

Introduction: Exercise is beneficial for increasing areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescence and maintaining it in old age. Moreover, high-impact sports are more effective than low-impact sports in increasing aBMD. This study aimed to determine the types of adolescent sports played in school-based sports clubs associated with aBMD in old age. Methods: In total, 1,596 older adults (681 men and 915 women, age: 65-84 years) living in an urban area of Japan were evaluated for the femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between adolescent sports played in sports clubs and aBMD in old age was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, with femoral neck and lumbar spine aBMD as dependent variables, and sports type and participant characteristics such as age, body weight, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, as independent variables. Results: For the femoral neck, basketball was associated with aBMD in older men (β = 0.079, p < 0.05) and women (β = 0.08, p < 0.01), whereas current body weight and 25(OH)D level were associated with aBMD in both sexes. For the lumbar spine, volleyball (β = 0.08, p < 0.01) and swimming (β = 0.06, p < 0.05) was significantly associated with lumbar spine aBMD, whereas current body weight, 25(OH)D, and diabetes mellitus were associated with aBMD in older women. Conclusion: Both men and women who played basketball in adolescence had higher femoral neck aBMD in old age. Moreover, women who played volleyball in adolescence had higher lumbar spine aBMD in old age.

The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis

Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation that occur in sports play an important role in regulating the physiological activities of bone. Here, we track the latest research progress locally and abroad, summarize the recent, relevant research results, and systematically summarize the effects of different types of exercise on bone mass, bone strength and bone metabolism. We found that different types of exercise have different effects on bone health due to their unique technical characteristics. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism mediating the exercise regulation of bone homeostasis. Excessive high-intensity exercise does not benefit bone health but induces a high level of oxidative stress in the body, which has a negative impact on bone tissue. Regular moderate exercise can improve the body's antioxidant defense ability, inhibit an excessive oxidative stress response, promote the positive balance of bone metabolism, delay age-related bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructures and have a prevention and treatment effect on osteoporosis caused by many factors. Based on the above findings, we provide evidence for the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This study provides a systematic basis for clinicians and professionals to reasonably formulate exercise prescriptions and provides exercise guidance for patients and the general public. This study also provides a reference for follow-up research.