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Bellini A, Scotto di Palumbo A, Nicolò A, Bazzucchi I, Sacchetti M. Exercise Prescription for Postprandial Glycemic Management. Nutrients 2024; 16:1170. [PMID: 38674861 PMCID: PMC11053955 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The detrimental impacts of postprandial hyperglycemia on health are a critical concern, and exercise is recognized a pivotal tool in enhancing glycemic control after a meal. However, current exercise recommendations for managing postprandial glucose levels remain fairly broad and require deeper clarification. This review examines the existing literature aiming to offer a comprehensive guide for exercise prescription to optimize postprandial glycemic management. Specifically, it considers various exercise parameters (i.e., exercise timing, type, intensity, volume, pattern) for crafting exercise prescriptions. Findings predominantly indicate that moderate-intensity exercise initiated shortly after meals may substantially improve glucose response to a meal in healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, incorporating short activity breaks throughout the exercise session may provide additional benefits for reducing glucose response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ilenia Bazzucchi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Piazza Lauro De Bosis 6, 00135 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.S.d.P.); (A.N.); (M.S.)
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Gao H, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Gao B, Zhang L. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Multiple Exercise-Regulated Bone Homeostasis. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1555-1582. [PMID: 37196112 PMCID: PMC10529750 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a tissue that is active throughout the lifespan, and its physiological activities, such as growth, development, absorption, and formation, are always ongoing. All types of stimulation that occur in sports play an important role in regulating the physiological activities of bone. Here, we track the latest research progress locally and abroad, summarize the recent, relevant research results, and systematically summarize the effects of different types of exercise on bone mass, bone strength and bone metabolism. We found that different types of exercise have different effects on bone health due to their unique technical characteristics. Oxidative stress is an important mechanism mediating the exercise regulation of bone homeostasis. Excessive high-intensity exercise does not benefit bone health but induces a high level of oxidative stress in the body, which has a negative impact on bone tissue. Regular moderate exercise can improve the body's antioxidant defense ability, inhibit an excessive oxidative stress response, promote the positive balance of bone metabolism, delay age-related bone loss and deterioration of bone microstructures and have a prevention and treatment effect on osteoporosis caused by many factors. Based on the above findings, we provide evidence for the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of bone diseases. This study provides a systematic basis for clinicians and professionals to reasonably formulate exercise prescriptions and provides exercise guidance for patients and the general public. This study also provides a reference for follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yilong Zhao
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhikun Wang
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Institute of Orthopedic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Carbonell-Hernandez L, Ballester-Ferrer JA, Sitges-Macia E, Bonete-Lopez B, Roldan A, Cervello E, Pastor D. Different Exercise Types Produce the Same Acute Inhibitory Control Improvements When the Subjective Intensity Is Equal. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:9748. [PMID: 35955103 PMCID: PMC9368332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight active older people (67.19 ± 4.91 years) who engaged in physical exercise activity twice a week were recruited to participate in a counterbalanced experimental protocol. The participants performed three different exercise sessions on three different days, one based on aerobic activities, one based on strength exercises with elastic bands, and one based on stationary balance games. During all three sessions, they were encouraged to maintain a moderate subjective intensity (5-6 on the RPE10 scale), and their heart rate was recorded. In addition, all of the participants took a digital version of the Stroop test before and after each session. The study aimed to compare the acute cognitive impacts of different types of exercise sessions in older adults. The participants' heart rate differed between the exercise sessions, but they maintained the RPE intensity. There was a significant improvement in inhibitory control (Stroop test) after all sessions, with no differences between exercise sessions. Moreover, some participants agreed to be genotyped to record the single nucleotide polymorphism of BDNF rs6265. There were no differences between Val/Val and Met carriers at the beginning or end of the exercise sessions. The present study showed similar cognitive improvements with different exercise type sessions when the subjective intensity was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carbonell-Hernandez
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | - Esther Sitges-Macia
- Department of Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bonete-Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Alba Roldan
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Cervello
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Yang G, Li Y, Liu S, Liu C, Jia C, Wang S. Physical activity influences the mobile phone addiction among Chinese undergraduates: The moderating effect of exercise type. J Behav Addict 2021; 10:799-810. [PMID: 34546969 PMCID: PMC8997213 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Mobile phone addiction (MPA) has recently aroused much attention due to its high incidence and considerable health hazards. Although some existing studies have documented that physical activity is negatively associated with MPA, it is little known about the potential effects underlying this relation. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical activity and MPA among undergraduates in China, and to further examine the moderating effect of exercise type in the relation between them. METHODS By the quota sampling, a total of 650 participants engaged in this survey and completed relevant measurements including physical activity rating scale-3 (PARS-3) and mobile phone addiction tendency scale (MPATS). RESULTS Gender (β = 0.271, P < 0.05) and major (β = -0.169, P < 0.05) could significantly predict MPA, respectively, and physical activity was an imperative protective factor to decrease MPA (β = -0.266, P < 0.001). While the physical activity level enhanced from none exercise to medium exercise, an optimum dose-response relationship would emerge between physical activity and MPA (F (3,604) = 4.799, P < 0.01). Most important, the relation between physical activity and MPA can be moderated by exercise type. Especially in terms of aerobic endurance exercise, the higher level of physical activity the undergraduates performed, the lower degree of MPA would be suffered by them (β = -0.266, P < 0.001). DISCUSSION These findings could be conducive to better understand the positive and potential effects of physical activity on the intervention in MPA, and served as a persuasive evidence that as for university students, actively engaging in aerobic endurance exercise with the medium activity level would be a practicable exercise strategy to deal with MPA in daily lifestyle behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Yang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +8615626499157. E-mail:
| | - Yuexiang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Guangzhou Vocational University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuannan Liu
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Jia
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Wang
- School of Physical Education & Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China,Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Abstract
Background: We examined the effects of exercise training on resting metabolic rate (RMR), and whether changes in body composition are associated with changes in RMR in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Methods: One hundred forty adolescents (12-18 years, BMI ≥85th percentile) participated in randomized exercise trials (3-6 months) at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (18 control, 51 aerobic, 50 resistance, and 21 combined aerobic and resistance exercise). All participants had RMR assessments by indirect calorimetry after a 10-12 hour overnight fast, and body composition by magnetic resonance imaging and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: There were no significant changes in RMR (kcal/day) between exercise groups vs. controls (p > 0.05). All exercise groups decreased visceral fat (-0.2 ± 0.02 kg; p < 0.05) compared to control. Increases in fat-free mass (FFM) were only seen in the combined group (2.3 ± 0.4 kg; p < 0.05), whereas increases in skeletal muscle mass were observed in both resistance (1.2 ± 0.2 kg; p < 0.05) and combined (1.5 ± 0.3 kg; p < 0.05) groups vs. control. Change in FFM, but not fat mass (FM), visceral fat, or skeletal muscle mass (p > 0.05), was a significant determinant of changes in RMR, independent of exercise modality (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Although exercise modality was not associated with changes in RMR, change in FFM, but not skeletal muscle or FM, was a significant correlate of changes in RMR in adolescents with overweight and obesity. Clinicaltrials.gov registration numbers: NCT00739180, NCT01323088, NCT01938950.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie W. Yu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - SoJung Lee
- Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea.,Address correspondence to: SoJung Lee, PhD, Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hala Tamim
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L. Kuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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van den Berg V, Saliasi E, de Groot RHM, Jolles J, Chinapaw MJM, Singh AS. Physical Activity in the School Setting: Cognitive Performance Is Not Affected by Three Different Types of Acute Exercise. Front Psychol 2016; 7:723. [PMID: 27242629 PMCID: PMC4868849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that a single bout of physical exercise can have immediate positive effects on cognitive performance of children and adolescents. However, the type of exercise that affects cognitive performance the most in young adolescents is not fully understood. Therefore, this controlled study examined the acute effects of three types of 12-min classroom-based exercise sessions on information processing speed and selective attention. The three conditions consisted of aerobic, coordination, and strength exercises, respectively. In particular, this study focused on the feasibility and efficiency of introducing short bouts of exercise in the classroom. One hundred and ninety five students (5th and 6th grade; 10-13 years old) participated in a double baseline within-subjects design, with students acting as their own control. Exercise type was randomly assigned to each class and acted as between-subject factor. Before and immediately after both the control and the exercise session, students performed two cognitive tests that measured information processing speed (Letter Digit Substitution Test) and selective attention (d2 Test of Attention). The results revealed that exercising at low to moderate intensity does not have an effect on the cognitive parameters tested in young adolescents. Furthermore, there were no differential effects of exercise type. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the caution which should be taken when conducting exercise sessions in a classroom setting aimed at improving cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera van den Berg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Emi Saliasi
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renate H M de Groot
- Welten Institute - Research Centre for Learning, Teaching and Technology, Open University of the NetherlandsHeerlen, Netherlands; Department of Complex Genetics, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism/Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jelle Jolles
- Centre for Brain and Learning, Faculty of Psychology and Education, LEARN! Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mai J M Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Amika S Singh
- Department of Public and Occupational Health and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Netherlands
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