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Gómez-Outes A, Sancho-López A, Carcas Sansuan AJ, Avendaño-Solá C. Clinical research and drug regulation in the challenging times of individualized therapies: A pivotal role of clinical pharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2024; 199:107045. [PMID: 38157999 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, medical specialists in Clinical Pharmacology have been playing a crucial role in the development of drug regulation in Spain. In this article we report on the activities carried out and the prospects for development in three very relevant areas from the regulatory perspective: 1) the development of stable public infrastructures to facilitate non-commercial clinical research with medicines, 2) the regulatory aspects of individual access to medicines in special situations, beyond their regular access after marketing approval and funding by the National Health System, and 3) the challenges of development and access to advanced therapies, with special reference to the figure of the hospital exemption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gómez-Outes
- Division of Pharmacology and Clinical Drug Evaluation, Medicines for Human Use, Spanish Agency for Medicines and Healthcare Products (AEMPS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Sancho-López
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cristina Avendaño-Solá
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Alomari T, Al-Abdallat H, Hamamreh R, Alomari O, Hos BH, Reiter RJ. Assessing the antiviral potential of melatonin: A comprehensive systematic review. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2499. [PMID: 38126924 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This review assesses the antiviral potential of melatonin through comprehensive analysis of studies across human subjects, animal models, cell cultures, and in-silico simulations. The search strategy targeted relevant research until 22 June 2023, resulting in 20 primary studies after screening and deduplication. The findings highlight strong evidence supporting antiviral properties of melatonin. In silico studies identify melatonin as a candidate against SARS-CoV-2, reducing cytokine storm-related respiratory responses. Cell culture experiments reveal its multifaceted effects on different viruses including respiratory syncytial virus, anti-dengue virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, and encephalomyocarditis virus. Animal studies show melatonin reduces mortality and viral replication in various infections such as Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis and COVID-19. Clinical trials show how it could be evaluated, but with no conclusive evidence of efficacy and safety so far from large, double-blind placebo-controlled trials. These insights showcase the potential of melatonin as a versatile antiviral agent with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties. In summary, our review highlights melatonin's promising antiviral properties across diverse settings. Melatonin's immunomodulatory and antiviral potential makes it a compelling candidate for further investigation, emphasising the need for rigorous clinical trials to establish its safety and efficacy against viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Alomari
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | - Rawan Hamamreh
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Omar Alomari
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beria H Hos
- Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Chauhan J, Cecon E, Labani N, Gbahou F, Real F, Bomsel M, Dubey KD, Das R, Dam J, Jockers R, Sen S. Development of indolealkylamine derivatives as potential multi-target agents for COVID-19 treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115152. [PMID: 36724633 PMCID: PMC9882955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is a complex disease with short-term and long-term respiratory, inflammatory and neurological symptoms that are triggered by the infection with SARS-CoV-2. As many drugs targeting single targets showed only limited effectiveness against COVID-19, here, we aimed to explore a multi-target strategy. We synthesized a focused compound library based on C2-substituted indolealkylamines (tryptamines and 5-hydroxytryptamines) with activity for three potential COVID-19-related proteins, namely melatonin receptors, calmodulin and human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Two molecules from the library, 5e and h, exhibit affinities in the high nanomolar range for melatonin receptors, inhibit the calmodulin-dependent calmodulin kinase II activity and the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with hACE2 at micromolar concentrations. Both compounds inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells and 5h decreases SARS-CoV-2 replication and MPro enzyme activity in addition. In conclusion, we provide a proof-of-concept for the successful design of multi-target compounds based on the tryptamine scaffold. Optimization of these preliminary hit compounds could potentially provide drug candidates to treat COVID-19 and other coronavirus diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Erika Cecon
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Nedjma Labani
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Florence Gbahou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Fernando Real
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Kshatresh Dutta Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Ranajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India
| | - Julie Dam
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, PARIS, France.
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, UP, 201314, India.
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Hosseini A, Badri T, Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh H, Hassanpour K, Alishiri G, Akbariqomi M, Farnoosh G. Melatonin as a complementary and prophylactic agent against COVID‐19 in high‐risk populations: A narrative review of recent findings from clinical and preclinical studies. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 36:918-929. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Taleb Badri
- Neuroscience Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Kazem Hassanpour
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences Sabzevar Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Alishiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Akbariqomi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Gholamreza Farnoosh
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Blanco JR, Verdugo-Sivianes EM, Amiama A, Muñoz-Galván S. The circadian rhythm of viruses and its implications on susceptibility to infection. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1109-1117. [PMID: 35546444 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2072296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Circadian genes have an impact on multiple hormonal, metabolic, and immunological pathways and have recently been implicated in some infectious diseases. AREAS COVERED We review aspects related to the current knowledge about circadian rhythm and viral infections, their consequences, and the potential therapeutic options. EXPERT OPINION Expert opinion: In order to address a problem, it is necessary to know the topic in depth. Although in recent years there has been a growing interest in the role of circadian rhythms, many relevant questions remain to be resolved. Thus, the mechanisms linking the circadian machinery against viral infections are poorly understood. In a clear approach to personalized precision medicine, in order to treat a disease in the most appropriate phase of the circadian rhythm, and in order to achieve the optimal efficacy, it is highly recommended to carry out studies that improve the knowledge about the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Ramon Blanco
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Eva M Verdugo-Sivianes
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Amiama
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de La Rioja (CIBIR), Logroño, Spain
| | - Sandra Muñoz-Galván
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, IBIS, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain.,CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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