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Gawryś J, Doroszko A, Dróżdż O, Trocha M, Gajecki D, Gawryś K, Szahidewicz-Krupska E, Rabczyński M, Kujawa K, Rola P, Stanek A, Sokołowski J, Madziarski M, Jankowska EA, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Bednarska-Chabowska D, Kuźnik E, Madziarska K. The Usefulness of the C 2HEST Score in Predicting the Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 in COPD and Non-COPD Cohorts. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1238. [PMID: 38930620 PMCID: PMC11205505 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) infected with SARS-CoV-2 indicate a higher risk of severe COVID-19 course, which is defined as the need for hospitalization in the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death. However, simple tools to stratify the risk in patients with COPD suffering from COVID-19 are lacking. The current study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the C2HEST score in patients with COPD. A retrospective analysis of medical records from 2184 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 at the University Hospital in Wroclaw from February 2020 to June 2021, which was previously used in earlier studies, assessed outcomes such as mortality during hospitalization, all-cause mortality at 3 and 6 months, non-fatal discharge, as well as adverse clinical incidents. This re-analysis specifically examines the outcomes using a COPD split. In the COPD group, 42 deaths were recorded, including 18 in-hospital deaths. In-hospital mortality rates at 3 and 6 months did not significantly differ among C2HEST strata, nor did their impact on subsequent treatment. However, a notable association between the C2HEST score and prognosis was observed in the non-COPD cohort comprising 2109 patients. The C2HEST score's predictive ability is notably lower in COPD patients compared to non-COPD subjects, with COPD itself indicating a high mortality risk. However, C2HEST effectively identifies patients at high risk of cardiac complications during COVID-19, especially in non-COPD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gawryś
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Clinical Department of Cardiology, 4th Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Weigla 5 Str., 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Olgierd Dróżdż
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.T.); (M.R.); (D.B.-C.); (E.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.T.); (M.R.); (D.B.-C.); (E.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Damian Gajecki
- Clinical Department of Cardiology, 4th Military Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Weigla 5 Str., 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.D.); (D.G.)
| | - Karolina Gawryś
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Ewa Szahidewicz-Krupska
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.G.); (K.G.); (E.S.-K.)
| | - Maciej Rabczyński
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.T.); (M.R.); (D.B.-C.); (E.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Kujawa
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Marcinkowski Str. 2-6, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Rola
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Specialized Hospital, Iwaszkiewicz Str. 5, 59-220 Legnica, Poland;
| | - Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batory Str. 15, 41-902 Bytom, Poland;
| | - Janusz Sokołowski
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Madziarski
- Clinical Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Bronowicka-Szydełko
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Chałubińskiego St.10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Dorota Bednarska-Chabowska
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.T.); (M.R.); (D.B.-C.); (E.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Edwin Kuźnik
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.T.); (M.R.); (D.B.-C.); (E.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Katarzyna Madziarska
- Clinical Department of Diabetology and Internal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Str. 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.T.); (M.R.); (D.B.-C.); (E.K.); (K.M.)
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Franczuk P, Tkaczyszyn M, Kulak M, Domenico E, Ponikowski P, Jankowska EA. Cardiovascular Complications of Viral Respiratory Infections and COVID-19. Biomedicines 2022; 11:71. [PMID: 36672579 PMCID: PMC9856218 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory infections (VRI) are the most prevalent type of infectious diseases and constitute one of the most common causes of contact with medical care. Regarding the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, VRI can not only exacerbate already existing chronic cardiovascular disease (such as coronary artery disease or heart failure) but also trigger new adverse events or complications (e.g., venous thromboembolism), the latter particularly in subjects with multimorbidity or disease-related immobilization. In the current paper, we provide a narrative review of diverse cardiovascular complications of VRI as well as summarize available data on the pathology of the circulatory system in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Franczuk
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Tkaczyszyn
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria Kulak
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Esabel Domenico
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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Rola P, Doroszko A, Trocha M, Gajecki D, Gawryś J, Matys T, Giniewicz K, Kujawa K, Skarupski M, Adamik B, Kaliszewski K, Kiliś-Pstrusińska K, Matera-Witkiewicz A, Pomorski M, Protasiewicz M, Madziarski M, Madej M, Gogolewski G, Chourasia G, Zielińska D, Włodarczak S, Rabczyński M, Sokołowski J, Jankowska EA, Madziarska K. The Usefulness of the C 2HEST Risk Score in Predicting Clinical Outcomes among Hospitalized Subjects with COVID-19 and Coronary Artery Disease. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081771. [PMID: 36016394 PMCID: PMC9415686 DOI: 10.3390/v14081771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Even though coronary artery disease (CAD) is considered an independent risk factor of an unfavorable outcome of SARS-CoV-2-infection, the clinical course of COVID-19 in subjects with CAD is heterogeneous, ranging from clinically asymptomatic to fatal cases. Since the individual C2HEST components are similar to the COVID-19 risk factors, we evaluated its predictive value in CAD subjects. Materials and Methods: In total, 2183 patients hospitalized due to confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled onto this study consecutively. Based on past medical history, subjects were assigned to one of two of the study arms (CAD vs. non-CAD) and allocated to different risk strata, based on the C2HEST score. Results: The CAD cohort included 228 subjects, while the non-CAD cohort consisted of 1956 patients. In-hospital, 3-month and 6-month mortality was highest in the high-risk C2HEST stratum in the CAD cohort, reaching 43.06%, 56.25% and 65.89%, respectively, whereas in the non-CAD cohort in the high-risk stratum, it reached: 26.92%, 50.77% and 64.55%. Significant differences in mortality between the C2HEST stratum in the CAD arm were observed in post hoc analysis only for medium- vs. high-risk strata. The C2HEST score in the CAD cohort could predict hypovolemic shock, pneumonia and acute heart failure during hospitalization, whereas in the non-CAD cohort, it could predict cardiovascular events (myocardial injury, acute heart failure, myocardial infract, carcinogenic shock), pneumonia, acute liver dysfunction and renal injury as well as bleedings. Conclusions: The C2HEST score is a simple, easy-to-apply tool which might be useful in risk stratification, preferably in non-CAD subjects admitted to hospital due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rola
- Department of Cardiology, Provincial Specialized Hospital, Iwaszkiewicza 5 Street, 59-220 Legnica, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (A.D.); Tel.: +48-76-72-11-443 (P.R.)
| | - Adrian Doroszko
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (P.R.); (A.D.); Tel.: +48-76-72-11-443 (P.R.)
| | - Małgorzata Trocha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine,Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2 Street, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Damian Gajecki
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawryś
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Matys
- Clinical Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Giniewicz
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Marcinkowski Street 2-6, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kujawa
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Marcinkowski Street 2-6, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Skarupski
- Statistical Analysis Centre, Wroclaw Medical University, K. Marcinkowski Street 2-6, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Street 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Adamik
- Clinical Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kaliszewski
- Clinical Department of General, Minimally Invasive and Endocrine Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kiliś-Pstrusińska
- Clinical Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Matera-Witkiewicz
- Screening of Biological Activity Assays and Collection of Biological Material Laboratory, Wroclaw Medical University Biobank, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Pomorski
- 2nd Clinical Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Protasiewicz
- Clinical Department of Cardiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Madziarski
- Clinical Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Madej
- Clinical Department of Rheumatology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Gogolewski
- Clinical Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Goutam Chourasia
- Clinical Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Szymon Włodarczak
- Department of Cardiology, The Copper Health Centre (MCZ), M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Street 66, 59-300 Lubin, Poland
| | - Maciej Rabczyński
- Clinical Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sokołowski
- Clinical Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Anita Jankowska
- Institute of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Institute of Heart Diseases, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Madziarska
- Clinical Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska Street 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
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