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Griffin DO. Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofae462. [PMID: 39220656 PMCID: PMC11363684 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofae462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
While the acute manifestations of infectious diseases are well known, in some individuals, symptoms can either persist or appear after the acute period. Postviral fatigue syndromes are recognized with other viral infections and are described after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have a growing number of individuals with symptoms that persist for weeks, months, and years. Here, we share the evidence regarding the abnormalities associated with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and therapeutics. We describe physiological and biochemical abnormalities seen in individuals reporting PASC. We describe the several evidence-based interventions to offer patients. It is expected that this growing understanding of the mechanisms driving PASC and the benefits seen with certain therapeutics may not only lead to better outcomes for those with PASC but may also have the potential for understanding and treating other postinfectious sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel O Griffin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Moreira R, Bastos LS, Carvalho LM, Freitas LP, Pacheco AG. Persistent high mortality rates for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020-2022. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002576. [PMID: 38722828 PMCID: PMC11081286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) posed a significant public health challenge globally, with Brazil being no exception. Excess mortality during this period reached alarming levels. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), Systemic Hypertension (HTN), and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) were associated with increased mortality. However, the specific impact of DM and HTN on mortality during the pandemic remains poorly understood. METHODS This study analyzed mortality data from Brazil's mortality system, covering the period from 2015 to 2022. Data included all causes of death as listed on death certificates, categorized by International Classification of Diseases 10th edition (ICD-10) codes. Population data were obtained from the Brazilian Census. Mortality ratios (MRs) were calculated by comparing death rates in 2020, 2021, and 2022 to the average rates from 2015 to 2019. Adjusted MRs were calculated using Poisson models. RESULTS Between 2015 and 2022, Brazil recorded a total of 11,423,288 deaths. Death rates remained relatively stable until 2019 but experienced a sharp increase in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, although a decrease was observed, it did not return to pre-pandemic levels. This trend persisted even when analyzing records mentioning DM, HTN, or CVD. Excluding death certificates mentioning COVID-19 codes, the trends still showed increases from 2020 through 2022, though less pronounced. CONCLUSION This study highlights the persistent high mortality rates for DM and HTN in Brazil during the years 2020-2022, even after excluding deaths associated with COVID-19. These findings emphasize the need for continued attention to managing and preventing DM and HTN as part of public health strategies, both during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. There are complex interactions between these conditions and the pandemic's impact on mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Leonardo S. Bastos
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luiz Max Carvalho
- Escola de Matemática Aplicada, Fundação Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Laís Picinini Freitas
- École de Santé Publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Montreal, Canada
| | - Antonio G. Pacheco
- Programa de Computação Científica, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Trimarco V, Izzo R, Pacella D, Trama U, Manzi MV, Lombardi A, Piccinocchi R, Gallo P, Esposito G, Piccinocchi G, Lembo M, Morisco C, Rozza F, Santulli G, Trimarco B. Incidence of new-onset hypertension before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a 7-year longitudinal cohort study in a large population. BMC Med 2024; 22:127. [PMID: 38500180 PMCID: PMC10949764 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03328-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the augmented incidence of diabetes after COVID-19 has been widely confirmed, controversial results are available on the risk of developing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS We designed a longitudinal cohort study to analyze a closed cohort followed up over a 7-year period, i.e., 3 years before and 3 years during the COVID-19 pandemic, and during 2023, when the pandemic was declared to be over. We analyzed medical records of more than 200,000 adults obtained from a cooperative of primary physicians from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2023. The main outcome was the new diagnosis of hypertension. RESULTS We evaluated 202,163 individuals in the pre-pandemic years and 190,743 in the pandemic years, totaling 206,857 when including 2023 data. The incidence rate of new hypertension was 2.11 (95% C.I. 2.08-2.15) per 100 person-years in the years 2017-2019, increasing to 5.20 (95% C.I. 5.14-5.26) in the period 2020-2022 (RR = 2.46), and to 6.76 (95% C.I. 6.64-6.88) in 2023. The marked difference in trends between the first and the two successive observation periods was substantiated by the fitted regression lines of two Poisson models conducted on the monthly log-incidence of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS We detected a significant increase in new-onset hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic, which at the end of the observation period affected ~ 20% of the studied cohort, a percentage higher than the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection within the same time frame. This observation suggests that increased attention to hypertension screening should not be limited to individuals who are aware of having contracted the infection but should be extended to the entire population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- Pharmaceutical Department of Campania Region, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Paola Gallo
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Piccinocchi
- COMEGEN Primary Care Physicians Cooperative, Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lembo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples, Italy
- Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rozza
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy.
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York City, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples, Italy
- Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC), Rome, Italy
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Mone P, Jankauskas SS, Manzi MV, Gambardella J, Coppola A, Kansakar U, Izzo R, Fiorentino G, Lombardi A, Varzideh F, Sorriento D, Trimarco B, Santulli G. Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Enriched in microRNA-34a Predict New-Onset Diabetes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: Novel Insights for Long COVID Metabolic Sequelae. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 389:34-39. [PMID: 38336381 PMCID: PMC10949163 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and diabetes is 2-fold: 1) it is known that the presence of diabetes and other metabolic alterations poses a considerably high risk to develop a severe COVID-19; 2) patients who survived a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have an increased risk of developing new-onset diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are mostly unknown, and there are no reliable biomarkers to predict the development of new-onset diabetes. In the present study, we demonstrate that a specific microRNA (miR-34a) contained in circulating extracellular vesicles released by endothelial cells reliably predicts the risk of developing new-onset diabetes in COVID-19. This association was independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, and D-dimer. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We demonstrate for the first time that a specific microRNA (miR-34a) contained in circulating extracellular vesicles released by endothelial cells is able to reliably predict the risk of developing diabetes after having contracted coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This association was independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, and D-dimer. Our findings are also relevant when considering the emerging importance of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, with systemic manifestations observed even months after viral negativization (long COVID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Antonietta Coppola
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Giuseppe Fiorentino
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Einstein-Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Einstein Institute for Aging Research (P.M., S.S.J., J.G., U.K., A.L., F.V., G.S.) and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (G.S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York; Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, International Translational Research and Medical Education, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (M.V.M., J.G., R.I., D.S., B.T., G.S.); Clinica Montevergine, Mercogliano, Avellino (P.M.); and COVID-19 Division, A.O.R.N. Ospedali dei Colli, Naples, Italy (A.C., G.F.)
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Ashique S, Mishra N, Garg A, Garg S, Farid A, Rai S, Gupta G, Dua K, Paudel KR, Taghizadeh-Hesary F. A Critical Review on the Long-Term COVID-19 Impacts on Patients With Diabetes. Am J Med 2024:S0002-9343(24)00133-5. [PMID: 38485111 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The world is currently grappling with the potentially life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), marking it as the most severe health crisis in the modern era. COVID-19 has led to a pandemic, with the World Health Organization (WHO) predicting that individuals with diabetes are at a higher risk of contracting the virus compared to the general population. This review aims to provide a practical summary of the long-term impacts of COVID-19 on patients with diabetes. Specifically, it focuses on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on different types of diabetic patients, the associated mortality rate, the underlying mechanisms, related complications, and the role of vitamin D and zinc in therapeutic and preventive approaches. METHODS Relevant literature was identified through searches on PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct in English, up to April 2023. RESULTS COVID-19 can lead to distressing symptoms and pose a significant challenge for individuals living with diabetes. Older individuals and those with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes, coronary illness, and asthma are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection. Managing COVID-19 in individuals with diabetes presents challenges, as it not only complicates the fight against the infection but also potentially prolongs the recovery time. Moreover, the virus may thrive in individuals with high blood glucose levels. Various therapeutic approaches, including antidiabetic drugs, are available to help prevent COVID-19 in diabetic patients. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes increases the morbidity and mortality risk for patients with COVID-19. Efforts are globally underway to explore therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the impact of diabetes on COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Madhya Pradesh (AUMP), Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Garg
- Drug Delivery and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology (Pharmacy), Kukrikheda, Barela, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sweta Garg
- Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Pharmacy, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shweta Rai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Gyan Vihar Marg, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary
- ENT and Head and Neck Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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6
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Conte C, Cipponeri E, Roden M. Diabetes Mellitus, Energy Metabolism, and COVID-19. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:281-308. [PMID: 37934800 PMCID: PMC10911957 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, diabetes mellitus (mostly type 2), and COVID-19 show mutual interactions because they are not only risk factors for both acute and chronic COVID-19 manifestations, but also because COVID-19 alters energy metabolism. Such metabolic alterations can lead to dysglycemia and long-lasting effects. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential for a further rise of the diabetes pandemic. This review outlines how preexisting metabolic alterations spanning from excess visceral adipose tissue to hyperglycemia and overt diabetes may exacerbate COVID-19 severity. We also summarize the different effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the key organs and tissues orchestrating energy metabolism, including adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas. Last, we provide an integrative view of the metabolic derangements that occur during COVID-19. Altogether, this review allows for better understanding of the metabolic derangements occurring when a fire starts from a small flame, and thereby help reducing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Conte
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome 00166, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Elisa Cipponeri
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan 20099, Italy
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
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7
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Valencia I, Lumpuy-Castillo J, Magalhaes G, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Lorenzo Ó, Peiró C. Mechanisms of endothelial activation, hypercoagulation and thrombosis in COVID-19: a link with diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:75. [PMID: 38378550 PMCID: PMC10880237 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-02097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Early since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical and scientific community were aware of extra respiratory actions of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Endothelitis, hypercoagulation, and hypofibrinolysis were identified in COVID-19 patients as subsequent responses of endothelial dysfunction. Activation of the endothelial barrier may increase the severity of the disease and contribute to long-COVID syndrome and post-COVID sequelae. Besides, it may cause alterations in primary, secondary, and tertiary hemostasis. Importantly, these responses have been highly decisive in the evolution of infected patients also diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM), who showed previous endothelial dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of the potential triggers of endothelial activation related to COVID-19 and COVID-19 under diabetic milieu. Several mechanisms are induced by both the viral particle itself and by the subsequent immune-defensive response (i.e., NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, vasoactive peptides, cytokine storm, NETosis, activation of the complement system). Alterations in coagulation mediators such as factor VIII, fibrin, tissue factor, the von Willebrand factor: ADAMST-13 ratio, and the kallikrein-kinin or plasminogen-plasmin systems have been reported. Moreover, an imbalance of thrombotic and thrombolytic (tPA, PAI-I, fibrinogen) factors favors hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis. In the context of DM, these mechanisms can be exacerbated leading to higher loss of hemostasis. However, a series of therapeutic strategies targeting the activated endothelium such as specific antibodies or inhibitors against thrombin, key cytokines, factor X, complement system, the kallikrein-kinin system or NETosis, might represent new opportunities to address this hypercoagulable state present in COVID-19 and DM. Antidiabetics may also ameliorate endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and platelet aggregation. By improving the microvascular pathology in COVID-19 and post-COVID subjects, the associated comorbidities and the risk of mortality could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Valencia
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, IIS Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, 28009, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jairo Lumpuy-Castillo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre On Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giselle Magalhaes
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (FARMAVASM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Lorenzo
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre On Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM) Network, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (FARMAVASM), IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Wu Z, Wang J, Ullah R, Chen M, Huang K, Dong G, Fu J. Covid 19 and diabetes in children: advances and strategies. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:28. [PMID: 38287388 PMCID: PMC10823738 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01267-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a notable increase in the incidence of new-onset diabetes and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Simultaneously, children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have encountered difficulties in maintaining optimal blood glucose levels. The mechanisms underpinning these correlations still remain a puzzle. We reviewed the studies that examined changes in incidence during the pandemic. These studies utilized various metrics for comparison, which encompassed the timing of data collection, diagnostic criteria, as well as the numbers and incidence rates of diabetes and DKA. We found the incidence of diabetes and DKA was higher during the pandemic. As to mechanisms, the invivo and invitro study revealed the factors such as direct viral damage, metabolic dysfunction, and immune responses all attribute to the process of T1D after suffering from COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some useful strategies to prevent and treat children suffering from diabetes and COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS Strong correlations have been observed between new-onset diabetes and COVID-19. Insights gleaned from clinical descriptions and basic research can offer valuable experience and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes during future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinling Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rahim Ullah
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.
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Podzolkov V, Bragina A, Tarzimanova A, Vasilyeva L, Shvedov I, Druzhinina N, Rodionova Y, Ishina T, Akyol I, Maximova V, Cherepanov A. Association of COVID-19 and Arterial Stiffness Assessed using Cardiovascular Index (CAVI). Curr Hypertens Rev 2024; 20:44-51. [PMID: 38258773 PMCID: PMC11092554 DOI: 10.2174/0115734021279173240110095037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is characterized by an acute inflammatory response with the formation of endothelial dysfunction and may affect arterial stiffness. Studies of cardio-ankle vascular index in COVID-19 patients with considered cardiovascular risk factors have not been conducted. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our study was to assess the association between cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 in hospitalized patients adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study included 174 people hospitalized with a diagnosis of moderate COVID-19 and 94 people without COVID-19. Significant differences in the cardio-ankle vascular index values measured by VaSera VS - 1500N between the two groups were analyzed using parametric (Student's t-criterion) and nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) criteria. Independent association between COVID-19 and an increased cardio-ankle vascular index ≥ 9.0 adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS There were significantly higher values of the right cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [7.00;9.40] and the left cardio-ankle vascular index 8.10 [6.95;9.65] in patients undergoing inpatient treatment for COVID-19 than in the control group - 7.55 [6.60;8.60] and 7.60 [6.60;8.70], respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus showed a significant association between increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 (OR 2.41 [CI 1.09;5.30]). CONCLUSION Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher cardio-ankle vascular index values compared to the control group. An association between an increased cardio-ankle vascular index and COVID-19 was revealed, independent of age, hypertension, plasma glucose level, glomerular filtration rate and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Podzolkov
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Bragina
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Aida Tarzimanova
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyubov Vasilyeva
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Shvedov
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya Druzhinina
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia Rodionova
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ishina
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia Akyol
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Maximova
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandr Cherepanov
- Department of Faculty Therapy No. 2, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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10
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Pantea Stoian A, Bica IC, Salmen T, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janez A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Mikhailidis DP, Nibali L, Papanas N, Powell-Wiley T, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:33-60. [PMID: 37751143 PMCID: PMC10786767 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became superimposed on the pre-existing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemics. Since COVID-19 infection alters the metabolic equilibrium, it may induce pathophysiologic mechanisms that potentiate new-onset DM, and we evaluated this issue. METHOD A systematic review of the literature published from the 1 January 2020 until the 20 July 2023 was performed (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022341638). We included only full-text articles of both human clinical and randomized controlled trials published in English and enrolling adults (age > 18 years old) with ongoing or preceding COVID-19 in whom hyperglycemia was detected. The search was based on the following criteria: "(new-onset diabetes mellitus OR new-onset DM) AND (COVID-19) AND adults". RESULTS Articles on MEDLINE (n = 70) and the Web of Science database (n = 16) were included and analyzed by two researchers who selected 20 relevant articles. We found evidence of a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and DM. CONCLUSIONS This link operates as a pathophysiological mechanism supported by epidemiological data and also by the clinical and biological findings obtained from the affected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic raised the incidence of DM through different pathophysiological and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Cristina Bica
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and Bride, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Dental Institute, Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Tiffany Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sci-Ences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter P Toth
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medi-Cine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Izzo R, Pacella D, Trimarco V, Manzi MV, Lombardi A, Piccinocchi R, Gallo P, Esposito G, Lembo M, Piccinocchi G, Morisco C, Santulli G, Trimarco B. Incidence of type 2 diabetes before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Naples, Italy: a longitudinal cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 66:102345. [PMID: 38143804 PMCID: PMC10746394 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of COVID-19 with the development of new-onset diabetes has been recently investigated by several groups, yielding controversial results. Population studies currently available in the literature are mostly focused on type 1 diabetes (T1D), comparing patients with a SARS-CoV-2 positive test to individuals without COVID-19, especially in paediatric populations. In this study, we sought to determine the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In this longitudinal cohort study, we analysed a cohort followed up over a 6-year period using an Interrupted Time Series approach, i.e. 3-years before and 3-years during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analysed data obtained from >200,000 adults in Naples (Italy) from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2022. In this manner, we had the opportunity to compare the incidence of newly diagnosed T2D before (2017-2019) and during (2020-2022) the COVID-19 pandemic. The key inclusion criteria were age >18-year-old and data availability for the period of observation; patients with a diagnosis of diabetes obtained before 2017 were excluded. The main outcome of the study was the new diagnosis of T2D, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-X), including prescription of antidiabetic therapies for more than 30 days. Findings A total of 234,956 subjects were followed-up for at least 3-years before or 3-years during the COVID-19 pandemic and were included in the study; among these, 216,498 were analysed in the pre-pandemic years and 216,422 in the pandemic years. The incidence rate of T2D was 4.85 (95% CI, 4.68-5.02) per 1000 person-years in the period 2017-2019, vs 12.21 (95% CI, 11.94-12.48) per 1000 person-years in 2020-2022, with an increase of about twice and a half. Moreover, the doubling time of the number of new diagnoses of T2D estimated by unadjusted Poisson model was 97.12 (95% CI, 40.51-153.75) months in the prepandemic period vs 23.13 (95% CI, 16.02-41.59) months during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, these findings were also confirmed when examining patients with prediabetes. Interpretation Our data from this 6-year study on more than 200,000 adult participants indicate that the incidence of T2D was significantly higher during the pandemic compared to the pre-COVID-19 phase. As a consequence, the epidemiology of the disease may change in terms of rates of outcomes as well as public health costs. COVID-19 survivors, especially patients with prediabetes, may require specific clinical programs to prevent T2D. Funding The US National Institutes of Health (NIH: NIDDK, NHLBI, NCATS), Diabetes Action Research and Education Foundation, Weill-Caulier and Hirschl Trusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Izzo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences, and Dentistry, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Manzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | | | - Paola Gallo
- Department of Public Health, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Lembo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Piccinocchi
- COMEGEN Primary Care Physicians Cooperative, Italian Society of General Medicine (SIMG), Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples, Italy
- Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC), Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME) Consortium, Academic Research Unit, Naples, Italy
- Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (SIPREC), Rome, Italy
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12
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Sordi AF, Lemos MM, de Souza Marques DC, Ryal JJ, Priscila de Paula Silva Lalucci M, Marques MG, Amaro Camilo ML, De Paula Ramos S, Franzói De Moraes SM, Valdés-Badilla P, Mota J, Magnani Branco BH. Effects of a multi-professional intervention on body composition, physical fitness and biochemical markers in overweight COVID-19 survivors: a clinical trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1219252. [PMID: 37700761 PMCID: PMC10494426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1219252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The sequelae post-COVID can affect different systems. In this sense, considering the multi-factorial etiology of COVID-19, multi-professional interventions could be a relevant strategy for recovery health indicators. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of multi-professional intervention on body composition, physical fitness, and biomarkers in overweight COVID-19 survivors with different symptomatology. Methodology: A non-randomized parallel group intervention included 69 volunteers (BMI ≥25 kg/m2), divided into three groups according to SARS CoV-2 symptomatology, but only 35 finished the longitudinal protocol [control group (n = 11); moderate group (n = 17) and severe group (n = 7)]. The groups were submitted to a multi-professional program (nutritional intervention, psychoeducation, and physical exercise intervention) for 8 weeks, and the volunteers underwent body composition assessments (primary outcome) and physical and biochemical tests (secondary outcome) in pre- and post-intervention. This study was registered on the Clinical Trials Registration Platform number: RBR-4mxg57b and with the local research ethics committee protocol under number: 4,546,726/2021. Results: After the 8-week multi-professional intervention, the following results were observed for the moderate COVID-19 group: improved dynamic strength of lower- and (p = 0.003), upper-limbs (p = 0.008), maximal isometric lumbar-traction strength (p = 0.04), flexibility (p = 0.0006), and albumin (p = 0.0005), as well as a reduction in the C reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.003) and fasting glucose (p = 0.001); for the severe COVID-19 group: an improvement in dynamic lower-body strength (p = 0.001), higher values of albumin (p = 0.005) and HDL-c (p = 0.002), and lower values of CRP (p = 0.05), and for the control group: an improvement in sit-up repetitions (p = 0.008), and a reduction of CRP (p = 0.01), fasting glucose (p = 0.001) and total cholesterol (p = 0.04) were identified. All experimental groups reduced triglycerides after intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Finally, 8 weeks of multiprofessional intervention can be an efficient tool for reversing the inflammatory process and promoting improvements in daily activities and quality of life, although it is believed that the severe COVID-19 group needs longer interventions to improve different health indicators. Clinical Trial Registration: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/, identifier: RBR-4mxg57b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Sordi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maurício Medeiros Lemos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Déborah Cristina de Souza Marques
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Joed Jacinto Ryal
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marielle Priscila de Paula Silva Lalucci
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Marilene Guiraldi Marques
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Amaro Camilo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Sports Coach Career, School of Education, Universidad Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Jorge Mota
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Braulio Henrique Magnani Branco
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Intervention in Health Promotion, Cesumar Institute of Science, Technology and Innovation, Maringá, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Promotion, Cesumar University, Maringá, Brazil
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Centre of Physical Activity, Health, and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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13
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Grubišić B, Švitek L, Ormanac K, Sabo D, Mihaljević I, Bilić-Ćurčić I, Omanović Kolarić T. Molecular Mechanisms Responsible for Diabetogenic Effects of COVID-19 Infection-Induction of Autoimmune Dysregulation and Metabolic Disturbances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11576. [PMID: 37511334 PMCID: PMC10380525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and diabetes, whereby individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to severe disease and higher mortality rates. Interestingly, recent findings suggest a reciprocal relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes, wherein COVID-19 may contribute to developing new-onset diabetes and worsen existing metabolic abnormalities. This narrative review aims to shed light on the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying the diabetogenic effects of COVID-19. Specifically, the review explores the potential role of various factors, including direct damage to β-cells, insulin resistance triggered by systemic inflammation, and disturbances in hormonal regulation, aiming to enhance our understanding of the COVID-19 impact on the development and progression of diabetes. By analysing these mechanisms, the aim is to enhance our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on the development and progression of diabetes. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are present in key metabolic organs and tissues, may interfere with glucometabolic pathways, leading to hyperglycaemia, and potentially contribute to the development of new disease mechanisms. The virus's impact on β-cells through direct invasion or systemic inflammation may induce insulin resistance and disrupt glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, glucocorticoids, commonly used to treat COVID-19, may exacerbate hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance, potentially contributing to new-onset diabetes. The long-term effects of COVID-19 on glucose metabolism are still unknown, necessitating further research into the possibility of developing a novel type of diabetes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the interaction between COVID-19 and diabetes, highlighting potential areas for future research and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Grubišić
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Luka Švitek
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Klara Ormanac
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dea Sabo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Mihaljević
- Clinical Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department for Nuclear Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Academy of Medical Sciences of Croatia, 15 Kaptol Street, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Bilić-Ćurčić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Disorders, Internal Medicine Clinic, University Hospital Centre Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tea Omanović Kolarić
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 4 Josip Huttler Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, University of Osijek, 21 Crkvena Street, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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