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Geng J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Meng X, Sun J, Zhou B, Ma J. TGFβ2 mediates oxidative stress-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of bladder smooth muscle. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:793-804. [PMID: 38409639 PMCID: PMC11297077 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00864-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) is the primary clinical manifestation of benign prostatic hyperplasia, the most common urinary system disease in elderly men, and leads to associated lower urinary tract symptoms. Although BOO is reportedly associated with increased systemic oxidative stress (OS), the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The elucidation of this mechanism is the primary aim of this study. A Sprague-Dawley rat model of BOO was constructed and used for urodynamic monitoring. The bladder tissue of rats was collected and subjected to real-time reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), histological examination, and immunohistochemical staining. Through bioinformatics prediction, we found that transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) expression was upregulated in rats with BOO compared with normal bladder tissue. In vitro analyses using primary bladder smooth muscle cells (BSMCs) revealed that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced TGFβ2 expression. Moreover, H2O2 induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by reducing E-cadherin, an endothelial marker and CK-18, a cytokeratin maker, and increasing mesenchymal markers, including N-cadherin, vimentin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) levels. The downregulation of TGFβ2 expression in BSMCs using siRNA technology alleviated H2O2-induced changes in EMT marker expression. The findings of the study indicate that TGFβ2 plays a crucial role in BOO by participating in OS-induced EMT in BSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Geng
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Yansong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojia Meng
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Jinqi Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450014, Henan, China.
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2
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Si G, Chen X, Li Y, Yuan X. Exosomes promote pre-metastatic niche formation in colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27572. [PMID: 38509970 PMCID: PMC10950591 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well known that colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high morbidity rate, a poor prognosis when metastasized, and a greatly shortened 5-year survival rate. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of tumor metastasis is still important. Based on the "seed and soil" theory, the concept of " premetastatic niche (PMN)" was introduced by Kaplan et al. The complex interaction between primary tumors and the metastatic organ provides a beneficial microenvironment for tumor cells to colonize at a distance. With further exploration of the PMN, exosomes have gradually attracted interest from researchers. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles secreted from cells that include various biological information and are involved in communication between cells. As a key molecule in the PMN, exosomes are closely related to tumor metastasis. In this article, we obtained information by conducting a comprehensive search across academic databases including PubMed and Web of Science using relevant keywords. Only recent, peer-reviewed articles published in the English language were considered for inclusion. This study aims to explore in depth how exosomes promote the formation of pre-metastatic microenvironment (PMN) in colorectal cancer and its related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifei Si
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Yuquan Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, 261000, China
| | - Xuemin Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276000, China
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3
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Yao Z, Fan Y, Lin L, Kellems RE, Xia Y. Tissue transglutaminase: a multifunctional and multisite regulator in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:281-325. [PMID: 37712623 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein involved in a broad range of cellular and metabolic functions carried out in a variety of cellular compartments. In addition to transamidation, TG2 also functions as a Gα signaling protein, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a protein kinase, and a scaffolding protein. In the nucleus, TG2 modifies histones and transcription factors. The PDI function catalyzes the trimerization and activation of heat shock factor-1 in the nucleus and regulates the oxidation state of several mitochondrial complexes. Cytosolic TG2 modifies proteins by the addition of serotonin or other primary amines and in this way affects cell signaling. Modification of protein-bound glutamines reduces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation. At the cell membrane, TG2 is associated with G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), where it functions in transmembrane signaling. TG2 is also found in the extracellular space, where it functions in protein cross-linking and extracellular matrix stabilization. Of particular importance in transglutaminase research are recent findings concerning the role of TG2 in gene expression, protein homeostasis, cell signaling, autoimmunity, inflammation, and hypoxia. Thus, TG2 performs a multitude of functions in multiple cellular compartments, making it one of the most versatile cellular proteins. Additional evidence links TG2 with multiple human diseases including preeclampsia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, organ fibrosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and celiac disease. In conclusion, TG2 provides a multifunctional and multisite response to physiological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzhou Yao
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Lin
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rodney E Kellems
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- National Medical Metabolomics International Collaborative Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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4
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Macias-Ceja DC, Mendoza-Ballesteros MT, Ortega-Albiach M, Barrachina MD, Ortiz-Masià D. Role of the epithelial barrier in intestinal fibrosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease: relevance of the epithelial-to mesenchymal transition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1258843. [PMID: 37822869 PMCID: PMC10562728 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1258843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), chronic inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to tissue damage and remodelling, which can ultimately result in fibrosis. Prolonged injury and inflammation can trigger the activation of fibroblasts and extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As fibrosis progresses, the tissue becomes increasingly stiff and less functional, which can lead to complications such as intestinal strictures, obstructive symptoms, and eventually, organ dysfunction. Epithelial cells play a key role in fibrosis, as they secrete cytokines and growth factors that promote fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Additionally, epithelial cells can undergo a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, in which they acquire a more mesenchymal-like phenotype and contribute directly to fibroblast activation and ECM deposition. Overall, the interactions between epithelial cells, immune cells, and fibroblasts play a critical role in the development and progression of fibrosis in IBD. Understanding these complex interactions may provide new targets for therapeutic interventions to prevent or treat fibrosis in IBD. In this review, we have collected and discussed the recent literature highlighting the contribution of epithelial cells to the pathogenesis of the fibrotic complications of IBD, including evidence of EMT, the epigenetic control of the EMT, the potential influence of the intestinal microbiome in EMT, and the possible therapeutic strategies to target EMT. Finally we discuss the pro-fibrotic interactions epithelial-immune cells and epithelial-fibroblasts cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce C. Macias-Ceja
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - M. Dolores Barrachina
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dolores Ortiz-Masià
- Departamento de Farmacología and CIBEREHD, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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5
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YAMATE J. Stem cell pathology: histogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and characterization of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrotic lesions. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:895-906. [PMID: 37460298 PMCID: PMC10539815 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of "stem cell pathology" is to establish the role of the stem cells by exploring their contribution to lesion development. The somatic stem cells are present in the body. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH; recently named "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma") includes pluripotential undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells as a cell element. An antibody (A3) generated by using rat MFH cells as the antigen labels somatic stem cells such as bone marrow stem cells and immature endothelial cells and pericytes, as well as immature epithelial cells in epithelialization. By using A3 and other antibodies recognizing somatic stem cells, it is considered that myofibroblasts appearing in rat fibrotic lesions are developed partly from immature hepatic stellate cells in hepatic fibrosis, immature pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis, pericytes/endothelial cells in neovascularization in injured tissues, as well as via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These progenitors may be in the stem cell lineage. In this review, the author introduces the histogenesis of MFH and the characteristics of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrosis, based mainly on the author's studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji YAMATE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Hong OK, Kim ES, Son JW, Kim SR, Yoo SJ, Kwon HS, Lee SS. Alcohol-induced increase in BMP levels promotes fatty liver disease in male prediabetic stage Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:459-472. [PMID: 36791312 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption exacerbates liver abnormalities in animal models, but whether it increases the severity of liver disease in early diabetic or prediabetic rats is unclear. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-induced liver steatosis or hepatitis, we used a prediabetic animal model. Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) and Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (LETO) rats were pair-fed with an ethanol-containing liquid diet for 6 weeks. Compared with controls, OLETF and LETO rats displayed more pronounced liver steatosis and higher plasma levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SPGT), indicating liver injury. Ethanol-fed LETO (Pd-L-E) rats showed mild liver steatosis and no inflammation compared with ethanol-fed OLETF (Pd-O-E) rats. Although precursor and active SREBP-1 levels in the liver of ethanol-fed OLETF rats significantly increased compared with control diet-fed OLETF rats (Pd-O-C), those of Pd-L-E rats did not. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and TGF-β1 balance in Pd-O-E rats was significantly altered because BMP signaling was upregulated by inducing BMP2, BMP4, BMP7, BMP9, Smad1, and Smad4, whereas TGF-β1, Smad3, and Erk were downregulated. Activation of TGF-β/Smad signaling inhibited BMP2 and BMP9 expression and increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker levels (Hepcidin, Snail, and Twist) in the liver of LETO rats. Livers of ethanol-fed OLETF rats showed increased levels of vimentin, FSP-1, α-SMA, MMP1, MMP13, and collagen III compared with rats of other groups, whereas EMT marker levels did not change. Thus, BMP exerted anti- and/or pro-fibrotic effects in ethanol-fed rats. Therefore, BMP and TGF-β, two key members of the TGF-β superfamily, play important but diverse roles in liver steatosis in young LETO and OLETF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oak-Kee Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Won Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Rae Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jib Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Feng D, Zhou H, Gui Z, Zheng M, Hang Z, Wang Z, Wang Z, Gu M, Tan R. IRF1/ZNF350/GPX4-mediated ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells promote chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:579-594. [PMID: 36356714 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy are essential pathological characteristics of chronic renal allograft dysfunction (CAD). Herein, we revealed that ferroptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) might contribute to renal tubular injury in CAD. Mechanistically, TNF-α induced ferroptosis by inhibiting GPX4 transcription through upregulating IRF1 in RTECs. IRF1 could bind with ZNF350 to form a transcription factor complex, which directly binds to the GPX4 promoter region to inhibit GPX4 transcription. Ferroptotic RTECs might secrete profibrotic factors, including PDGF-BB and IL-6, to activate neighboring fibroblasts to transform into myofibroblasts or induce EMT in adjacent RTECs. In conclusion, our results confirmed a novel role of ferroptosis in renal tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis, thereby providing insights into the pathogenesis of chronic renal allograft interstitial fibrosis during CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengyuan Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeping Gui
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Hang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) by epigallocatechin-3-gallate to reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in SNAI1-overexpressed renal cells: A potential anti-fibrotic strategy. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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PM2.5 Induces Early Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Human Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells through Activation of IL-6/STAT3 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312734. [PMID: 34884542 PMCID: PMC8657854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter exposure has been known as a potential risk for the global burden of disease, such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) is associated with increased risk of kidney disease, but the mechanisms underlying the renal injury caused by PM2.5 remain to be elucidated. This study investigated the effects of PM2.5 on human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells by monolayer and 3D spheroid cultures and explored the potential mechanisms. The typical morphology of HK-2 cells showed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in reduced adhesion and enhanced migration after PM2.5 exposure, and was accompanied by decreased E-cadherin expression and increased vimentin and α-SMA expressions. Exposure to PM2.5 in the HK-2 cells could lead to an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cause the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is involved in EMT features of HK-2 cells. Furthermore, blocking IL-6/STAT3 signaling by an IL-6 neutralizing antibody or STAT3 inhibitor was sufficient to reverse PM2.5-induced EMT characteristics of the HK-2 cells. Our study suggests that PM2.5 could induce early renal tubule cell injury, contributing to EMT change, and the induction of IL-6/STAT3 pathway may play an important role in this process.
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10
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Lee HW, Jose CC, Cuddapah S. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: Insights into nickel-induced lung diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:99-109. [PMID: 34058338 PMCID: PMC8627926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nickel compounds are environmental toxicants, prevalent in the atmosphere due to their widespread use in several industrial processes, extensive consumption of nickel containing products, as well as burning of fossil fuels. Exposure to nickel is associated with a multitude of chronic inflammatory lung diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, nickel exposure is implicated in the development of nasal and lung cancers. Interestingly, a common pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of diseases associated with nickel exposure is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a process by which the epithelial cells lose their junctions and polarity and acquire mesenchymal traits, including increased ability to migrate and invade. EMT is a normal and essential physiological process involved in differentiation, development and wound healing. However, EMT also contributes to a number of pathological conditions, including fibrosis, cancer and metastasis. Growing evidence suggest that EMT induction could be an important outcome of nickel exposure. In this review, we discuss the role of EMT in nickel-induced lung diseases and the mechanisms associated with EMT induction by nickel exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Lee
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Cynthia C Jose
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Suresh Cuddapah
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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11
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Sun J, Lu Z, Fu W, Lu K, Gu X, Xu F, Dai J, Yang Y, Jiang J. Exosome-Derived ADAM17 Promotes Liver Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734351. [PMID: 34650435 PMCID: PMC8506248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes derived from cancer cells are deemed important drivers of pre-metastatic niche formation at distant organs, but the underlying mechanisms of their effects remain largely unknow. Although the role of ADAM17 in cancer cells has been well studied, the secreted ADAM17 effects transported via exosomes are less understood. Herein, we show that the level of exosome-derived ADAM17 is elevated in the serum of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer as well as in metastatic colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, exosomal ADAM17 was shown to promote the migratory ability of colorectal cancer cells by cleaving the E-cadherin junction. Moreover, exosomal ADAM17 overexpression as well as RNA interference results highlighted its function as a tumor metastasis-promoting factor in colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our current work suggests that exosomal ADAM17 is involved in pre-metastatic niche formation and may be utilized as a blood-based biomarker of colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Zhihua Lu
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Oncology, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Kuangyi Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Xiuwen Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Jiamin Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianlong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Changshu No. 1 People's Hospital, Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Soochow University, Changshu, China
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12
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Liu J, Wang G, Zhao J, Liu X, Zhang K, Gong G, Pan H, Jiang Z. LncRNA H19 Promoted the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Metastasis in Gastric Cancer via Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Dig Dis 2021; 40:436-447. [PMID: 34348271 DOI: 10.1159/000518627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to a combination of high morbidity and lack of effective treatments, gastric cancer (GC) remains a major cause of cancer-related death all over the world. H19, as a paternally imprinted long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has been found dysregulated in GC. AIM The aim of this study is to elucidate the specific mechanism of H19 in GC. METHODS Bioinformatic analysis and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were utilized to test the expression pattern of H19 in GC tissues and cell lines. Wound healing, transwell, immunofluorescence assay, and Western blot assays were conducted to test cell malignant phenotypes. Meanwhile, TOP/FOP flash assay was to analyze the relationship of H19 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Also, mice xenograft models were to evaluate the influence of H19 on tumor growth. RESULTS H19 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines and related to poor prognosis for GC patients. In vitro and in vivo assays verified the promotion of H19 on GC cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis. Mechanistically, H19 could induce β-catenin to transfer into nucleus and activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling, thus promoting EMT and metastasis of GC cells. CONCLUSION Our findings proved the mechanism of H19-mediated metastasis via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which provides a promising target for developing new therapeutic strategies in GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guanwen Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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13
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Zhan H, Chang X, Wang X, Yang M, Gao Q, Liu H, Li C, Li S, Sun Y. LncRNA MEG3 mediates nickel oxide nanoparticles-induced pulmonary fibrosis via suppressing TGF-β1 expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition process. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:1099-1110. [PMID: 33547861 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) causes pulmonary fibrosis via activating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in rats, but its upstream regulatory mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in NiO NPs-induced collagen deposition. Male Wistar rats were intratracheally instilled with NiO NPs (0.015, 0.06, and 0.24 mg/kg b.w.) twice a week for 9 weeks. Human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (A549 cells) were cultured with NiO NPs (25, 50, and 100 μg/ml) to establish collagen deposition model. We discovered that NiO NPs-induced rat pulmonary fibrosis was accompanied by the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) occurrence and MEG3 down-regulation in rat lung tissues. In cell collagen deposition model, NiO NPs also evoked EMT and decreased MEG3 expression in a dose-dependent manner in A549 cells. By overexpressing MEG3 in A549 cells, we found that MEG3 inhibited the level of TGF-β1, EMT process and collagen formation. Moreover, our data showed that SB431542 (TGF-β1 inhibitor) had an inhibitory effect on NiO NPs-induced EMT and collagen formation. Our results indicated that MEG3 inhibited NiO NPs-induced collagen deposition by regulating TGF-β1-mediated EMT process, which may provide some clues for insighting into the mechanisms of NiO NPs-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibing Zhan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Chang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qing Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Public Health, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingbiao Sun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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14
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Hu J, Qiao J, Yu Q, Liu B, Zhen J, Liu Y, Ma Q, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang C, Lv Z. Role of SIK1 in the transition of acute kidney injury into chronic kidney disease. J Transl Med 2021; 19:69. [PMID: 33588892 PMCID: PMC7885408 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI), with a high morbidity and mortality, is recognized as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). AKI-CKD transition has been regarded as one of the most pressing unmet needs in renal diseases. Recently, studies have showed that salt inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) plays a role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation, which are the hallmarks of AKI-CKD transition. However, whether SIK1 is involved in AKI-CKD transition and by what mechanism it regulates AKI-CKD transition remains unknown. Methods We firstly detected the expression of SIK1 in kidney tissues of AKI patients and AKI mice by immunohistochemistry staining, and then we established Aristolochic acid (AA)-induced AKI-CKD transition model in C57BL/6 mice and HK2 cells. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemistry staining, ELISA, real-time PCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence staining and Transwell assay to explore the role and underlying mechanism of SIK1 on AKI-CKD transition. Results The expression of SIK1 was down-regulated in AKI patients, AKI mice, AA-induced AKI-CKD transition mice, and HK2 cells. Functional analysis revealed that overexpression of SIK1 alleviated AA-induced AKI-CKD transition and HK2 cells injury in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that SIK1 mediated AA-induced AKI-CKD transition by regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling, the canonical pathway involved in EMT, inflammation and renal fibrosis. In addition, we discovered that inhibition of WNT/β-catenin pathway and its downstream transcription factor Twist1 ameliorated HK2 cells injury, delaying the progression of AKI-CKD transition. Conclusions Our study demonstrated, for the first time, a protective role of SIK1 in AKI-CKD transition by regulating WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway and its downstream transcription factor Twist1, which will provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment AKI-CKD transition in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiu Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Qiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qiqi Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China. .,Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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15
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Sheng L, Zhuang S. New Insights Into the Role and Mechanism of Partial Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Kidney Fibrosis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:569322. [PMID: 33041867 PMCID: PMC7522479 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.569322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is described as the process in which injured renal tubular epithelial cells undergo a phenotype change, acquiring mesenchymal characteristics and morphing into fibroblasts. Initially, it was widely thought of as a critical mechanism of fibrogenesis underlying chronic kidney disease. However, evidence that renal tubular epithelial cells can cross the basement membrane and become fibroblasts in the renal interstitium is rare, leading to debate about the existence of EMT. Recent research has demonstrated that after injury, renal tubular epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal characteristics and the ability to produce a variety of profibrotic factors and cytokines, but remain attached to the basement membrane. On this basis, a new concept of “partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT)” was proposed to explain the contribution of renal epithelial cells to renal fibrogenesis. In this review, we discuss the concept of pEMT and the most recent findings related to this process, including cell cycle arrest, metabolic alternation of epithelial cells, infiltration of immune cells, epigenetic regulation as well as the novel signaling pathways that mediate this disturbed epithelial-mesenchymal communication. A deeper understanding of the role and the mechanism of pEMT may help in developing novel therapies to prevent and halt fibrosis in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Sheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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16
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El-Baz LMF, Shoukry NM, Hafez HS, Guzy RD, Salem ML. Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Augments Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Induced Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cell Culture Model. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 19:348-361. [PMID: 33463102 PMCID: PMC8366022 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v19i4.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Impaired lung epithelial cell regeneration following injury may contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical event in embryonic development, wound healing following injury, and even cancer progression. Previous studies have shown that the combination of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) induces EMT during cancer metastasis. However, this synergy remains to be elucidated in inducing EMT associated with wound healing after injury. We set out this study to determine the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) on TGFβ1-induced EMT in the human lung epithelium. BEAS-2B and A549 cells were treated with TGFβ1, FGF2, or both. EMT phenotype was investigated morphologically and by measuring mRNA expression levels; using quantitative real-time PCR. E-cadherin expression was assayed by western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Cell migration was confirmed using a wound-healing assay. TGFβ1 induced a morphological change and a significant increase in cell migration of BEAS-2B cells. TGFβ1 significantly reduced E-cadherin (CDH1) mRNA expression and markedly induced expression of N-cadherin (CDH2), tenascin C (TNC), fibronectin (FN), actin alpha 2 (ACTA2), and collagen I (COL1A1). While FGF2 alone did not significantly alter EMT gene expression, it enhanced TGFβ1-induced suppression of CDH1 and upregulation of ACTA2, but not TNC, FN, and CDH2. FGF2 significantly inhibited TGFβ1-induced COL1A1 expression. Furthermore, FGF2 maintained TGFβ1-induced morphologic changes and increased the migration of TGFβ1-treated cells. This study suggests a synergistic effect between TGFβ1 and FGF2 in inducing EMT in lung epithelial cells, which may play an important role in wound healing and tissue repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis M F El-Baz
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA AND Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Nahla M Shoukry
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Hani S Hafez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
| | - Robert D Guzy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | - Mohamed Labib Salem
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Kadam R, Wiafe B, Metcalfe PD. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition type II independent of mast cell recruitment and degranulation. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 15:E29-E35. [PMID: 32701447 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) results in increased urinary storage pressure and significant morbidity. Increased pressure results in a sequence of programmed events: an initial inflammatory phase, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Although epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mast cell accumulation play intermediary roles in some fibrotic conditions, their role in pBOO has not yet been elucidated. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for several conditions. It potently inhibits bladder deterioration after pBOO; however, its mechanism of action is insufficiently understood. Thus, we hypothesize that EMT type II pathway plays a significant role in pBOO, aided by the recruitment and activation of mast cells, and these are potently inhibited by MSCs. METHODS pBOO was surgically induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats and simultaneously treated with MSCs. Treatment effect was determined after two or four weeks and compared to untreated controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure markers characteristic of EMT (vimentin, collagenase, and collagen). Whole and degranulated mast cell counts were also performed. RESULTS pBOO resulted in an increased expression of collagenase, vimentin, and collagen. Mast cell recruitment increased proportionately to the length of bladder obstruction. MSC treatment significantly mitigated the EMT type II response, but mast cell recruitment and degranulation were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the involvement of EMT type II in the pathophysiology of pBOO and confirm its mitigation with MSC treatment independent of mast cells response. The observations provide insight into the mechanism of action and have therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Kadam
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bridget Wiafe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter D Metcalfe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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18
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Rajić J, Dinić S, Uskoković A, Arambašić Jovanović J, Tolić A, Đorđević M, Đorđević M, Poznanović G, Mihailović M, Inic-Kanada A, Barisani-Asenbauer T, Grdović N, Vidaković M. DNA methylation of miR-200 clusters promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human conjunctival epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 197:108047. [PMID: 32387379 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to fibrosis associated pathologies including scarring of different ocular tissues. Recently targeting EMT is seen as an appropriate therapeutic approach for different fibrosis related eye diseases such as macular degeneration or glaucoma surgery related fibrosis. Nevertheless, for ocular surface diseases, target genes specific for particular cell type or condition are still undefined. This study aimed to expose the complex regulatory mechanisms that trigger EMT in human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells. EMT was induced by prolonged treatment with two TGF-β isoforms, TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, and their combination. TGF-β1 showed the strongest potential for initiating EMT in HCjE cells, reflected on morphological changes, cell migration and the levels of mRNA expression of different epithelial (CDH1, OCLN, DSP) and mesenchymal (CDH2, FN1, VIM, SNAI1, ZEB2, TWIST1) marker genes. Co-treatment with the DNA demethylating agent 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) was capable of stopping the transition of HCjE cells towards a mesenchymal phenotype, based on morphological features, reduced cell mobility and mRNA and protein expression levels of epithelial and mesenchymal marker genes. An EMT qRT-PCR-based array revealed that EMT induced considerable alterations in gene expression, with downregulation of the majority of epithelial marker genes and upregulation of genes specific for the mesenchymal state. The major effect of 5-AzaC treatment was observed as a suppression of mesenchymal marker genes, suggesting the involvement of upstream negative regulator(s) whose promoter demethylation and subsequent expression will in turn promote EMT switch off. The expression level of miRNAs potentially important for EMT induction was determined using qRT-PCR-based array which pointed at members of miR-200 family as main regulators of EMT process in HCjE cells. 5-AzaC treatment induced increased expression of miR-200a, -200b, -200c and miR-141 towards the control level, indicating important role of DNA methylation in their regulation. The DNA methylation status of both miR-200 family clusters, analyzed with high-resolution melting (HRM) and bisulfite sequencing (Bis-Seq), revealed that TGF-β1-induced EMT was accompanied by increase in promoter CpG methylation of both miR-200 loci, which was reverted after 5-AzaC treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that DNA demethylation of promoters of miR-200 loci is critically important for stopping and reverting the EMT in human conjunctival epithelial cells, suggesting the potential for the development of novel epigenetic-based therapeutic strategies for treating conjunctival conditions associated with EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana Rajić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Anja Tolić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miloš Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran Poznanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Inic-Kanada
- Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Talin Barisani-Asenbauer
- OCUVAC - Center of Ocular Inflammation and Infection, Laura Bassi Centres of Expertise, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tian XJ, Zhou D, Fu H, Zhang R, Wang X, Huang S, Liu Y, Xing J. Sequential Wnt Agonist Then Antagonist Treatment Accelerates Tissue Repair and Minimizes Fibrosis. iScience 2020; 23:101047. [PMID: 32339988 PMCID: PMC7186527 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis compromises organ function and occurs as a potential long-term outcome in response to acute tissue injuries. Currently, lack of mechanistic understanding prevents effective prevention and treatment of the progression from acute injury to fibrosis. Here, we combined quantitative experimental studies with a mouse kidney injury model and a computational approach to determine how the physiological consequences are determined by the severity of ischemia injury and to identify how to manipulate Wnt signaling to accelerate repair of ischemic tissue damage while minimizing fibrosis. The study reveals that memory of prior injury contributes to fibrosis progression and ischemic preconditioning reduces the risk of death but increases the risk of fibrosis. Furthermore, we validated the prediction that sequential combination therapy of initial treatment with a Wnt agonist followed by treatment with a Wnt antagonist can reduce both the risk of death and fibrosis in response to acute injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Tian
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Haiyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Youhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Jianhua Xing
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; UPMC-Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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20
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Lin S, Yu L, Ni Y, He L, Weng X, Lu X, Zhang C. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Attenuates Diabetes-Induced Renal Fibrosis by Negatively Regulating TGF-β-p53-Smad2/3-Mediated Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition via Activation of AKT. Diabetes Metab J 2020; 44:158-172. [PMID: 31701691 PMCID: PMC7043973 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2018.0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is required for renal fibrosis, which is a characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Our previous study demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) prevented DN associated with the suppressing renal connective tissue growth factor expression, a key marker of renal fibrosis. Therefore, the effects of FGF21 on renal fibrosis in a DN mouse model and the underlying mechanisms were investigated in this study. METHODS Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced in C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injections of multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Then, diabetic and non-diabetic mice were treated with or without FGF21 in the presence of pifithrin-α (p53 inhibitor) or 10-[4'-(N,N-Diethylamino)butyl]-2-chlorophenoxazine hydrochloride (10-DEBC) hydrochloride (Akt inhibitor) for 4 months. RESULTS DN was diagnosed by renal dysfunction, hypertrophy, tubulointerstitial lesions, and glomerulosclerosis associated with severe fibrosis, all of which were prevented by FGF21. FGF21 also suppressed the diabetes-induced renal EMT in DN mice by negatively regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)-induced nuclear translocation of Smad2/3, which is required for the transcription of multiple fibrotic genes. The mechanistic studies showed that FGF21 attenuated nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 by inhibiting renal activity of its conjugated protein p53, which carries Smad2/3 into the nucleus. Moreover pifithrin-α inhibited the FGF21-induced preventive effects on the renal EMT and subsequent renal fibrosis in DN mice. In addition, 10-DEBC also blocked FGF21-induced inhibition of renal p53 activity by phosphorylation of mouse double minute-2 homolog (MDM2). CONCLUSION FGF21 prevents renal fibrosis via negative regulation of the TGF-β/Smad2/3-mediated EMT process by activation of the Akt/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundong Lin
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lechu Yu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongqing Ni
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lulu He
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Weng
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xuemian Lu
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Ruian Center of Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
- Chinese-American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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21
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Wang Y, Xing QQ, Tu JK, Tang WB, Yuan XN, Xie YY, Wang W, Peng ZZ, Huang L, Xu H, Qin J, Xiao XC, Tao LJ, Yuan QJ. Involvement of hydrogen sulfide in the progression of renal fibrosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:2872-2880. [PMID: 31856060 PMCID: PMC6940064 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renal fibrosis is the most common manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Noting that existing treatments of renal fibrosis only slow disease progression but do not cure it, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapies. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a newly discovered endogenous small gas signaling molecule exerting a wide range of biologic actions in our body. This review illustrates recent experimental findings on the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of H2S against renal fibrosis and highlights its potential in future clinical application. DATA SOURCES Literature was collected from PubMed until February 2019, using the search terms including "Hydrogen sulfide," "Chronic kidney disease," "Renal interstitial fibrosis," "Kidney disease," "Inflammation factor," "Oxidative stress," "Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition," "H2S donor," "Hypertensive kidney dysfunction," "Myofibroblasts," "Vascular remodeling," "transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta/Smads signaling," and "Sulfate potassium channels." STUDY SELECTION Literature was mainly derived from English articles or articles that could be obtained with English abstracts. Article type was not limited. References were also identified from the bibliographies of identified articles and the authors' files. RESULTS The experimental data confirmed that H2S is widely involved in various renal pathologies by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress, inhibiting the activation of fibrosis-related cells and their cytokine expression, ameliorating vascular remodeling and high blood pressure, stimulating tubular cell regeneration, as well as reducing apoptosis, autophagy, and hypertrophy. Therefore, H2S represents an alternative or additional therapeutic approach for renal fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS We postulate that H2S may delay the occurrence and progress of renal fibrosis, thus protecting renal function. Further experiments are required to explore the precise role of H2S in renal fibrosis and its application in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qi-Qi Xing
- Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jing-Ke Tu
- Regenerative Medicine Clinic, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Wen-Bin Tang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang-Ning Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yan-Yun Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Zhang-Zhe Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xiang-Cheng Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Li-Jian Tao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiong-Jing Yuan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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Chlorogenic Acid Attenuates Kidney Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury via Reducing Inflammation, Tubular Injury, and Myofibroblast Formation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:5423703. [PMID: 31662982 PMCID: PMC6778937 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5423703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) involving renal function deterioration, renal architecture damage, and inflammation. This condition may lead to kidney fibrosis with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and myofibroblast formation. Inhibition of chronic effects of kidney I/R injury may provide effective strategies for treating AKI and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is recognized as a powerful antioxidant, with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties in many conditions. However, the effect of CGA on kidney I/R injury has not been elucidated yet. Kidney I/R injury was performed on male Swiss background mice (I/R group, n = 5, 3-4 months, 30–40 g) which underwent bilateral renal pedicles clamping for 30 minutes and then were euthanized on day three after operation. Three groups of I/R were treated with 3 different doses of CGA intraperitoneally for 2 days: 3.5 (I/R + CGA1 group), 7 (I/R + CGA2 group), and 14 (I/R + CGA3 group) mg/kg of body weight. Tubular injury was quantified based on Periodic Acid-Schiff staining, while reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to quantify mRNA expression of TGF-β1, vimentin, SOD-1, TLR-4, TNF-α, NF-κB and MCP-1. Immunohistochemical staining was done to quantify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), myofibroblast (α-SMA), SOD-1 and macrophage (CD68) number. Kidney I/R demonstrated tubular injury and increased inflammatory mediator expression, macrophage number, and myofibroblast expansion. Meanwhile, histological analysis showed lower tubular injury with higher epithelial cell proliferation in CGA-treated groups compared to the I/R group. RT-PCR also revealed significantly lower TGF-β1 and vimentin mRNA expressions with higher SOD-1 mRNA expression. CGA-treated groups also demonstrated a significantly lower macrophage and myofibroblast number compared to the I/R group. These findings associated with lower mRNA expression of TLR-4, TNF-α, NF-κB, and MCP-1 as inflammatory mediators in CGA groups. I/R + CGA3 represented the highest amelioration effect among other CGA-treated groups. CGA treatment attenuates kidney I/R injury through reducing inflammation, decreasing myofibroblast expansion, and inducing epithelial cells proliferation.
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Duan CY, Han J, Zhang CY, Wu K, Lin Y. UA promotes epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in peritoneal mesothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2396-2402. [PMID: 31322227 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long‑term peritoneal dialysis is often limited or interrupted due to the development and progression of peritoneal fibrosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a major component of peritoneal injury associated with peritoneal fibrosis in the end stage of renal disease; however, at present, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Thus, in the present study, uric acid (UA)‑induced EMT of peritoneal mesothelial cells was investigated by western‑blot and immunofluorescence staining. The results revealed that peritoneal mesothelial cells stimulated with UA underwent EMT, as demonstrated by the decreased expression of epithelial markers (E‑cadherin) and an increased expression of mesenchymal markers (α‑smooth muscle actin and vimentin). Additionally, it was reported that UA could facilitate the progression of EMT of peritoneal mesothelial cells via EMT transcription pathways, including transforming growth factor‑β1/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 and P38/mitogen‑activated protein kinase by western‑blot and reverse transcription semi‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results of the present study suggest that UA could promote EMT and may contribute to peritoneal chronic disease. Furthermore, the data obtained suggest that the levels of blood UA may account for the development of EMT; thus, lowering the levels of blood UA may be beneficial to inhibit the occurrence and development of peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yang Duan
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Chong-Yu Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnostics and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Kunyi Wu
- Core Research Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
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Convento M, Pessoa E, Aragão A, Schor N, Borges F. Oxalate induces type II epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in inner medullary collecting duct cells (IMCD) in vitro and stimulate the expression of osteogenic and fibrotic markers in kidney medulla in vivo. Oncotarget 2019; 10:1102-1118. [PMID: 30800221 PMCID: PMC6383687 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
EMT occurs in response to a number of stresses conditions as mechanical stretch, cancer, hypoxia, oxidative stress (ROS), among others. EMT describes a phenotypical change induced in epithelial cells. It is characterized by increases in motility, extracellular matrix synthesis, proliferation, and invasiveness. The present study analyzed if oxalate ions (Ox) could induce EMT in IMCD cells. Ox (0.5 mM) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1 20 ng/mL) exposition during 48 hours increased migration and invasiveness, increased mesenchymal marker expression (Vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin: α-SMA, TGF-β1) and decreased epithelial marker expression (E-cadherin). IMCD stimulated with Ox and TGF-β1 and then exposed to the osteogenic medium during 15 days significantly increased early osteogenic markers (RUNX-2 and Alkaline Phosphatase) expression. Hyperoxaluric mice fed with trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline (HPL) presented calcium oxalate crystal excretion, increased in TGF-β1 expression and collagen fibers deposition and increased early osteogenic markers (RUNX-2 and Alkaline Phosphatase) at 60 days. Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that oxalate induces EMT in inner medulla collecting duct cells and it may be involved in fibrotic tissue development, osteogenic differentiation and calcium crystal production both implicated in nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Convento
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Pessoa
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alef Aragão
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nestor Schor
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Borges
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kim HS, Yoon YM, Meang MK, Park YE, Lee JY, Lee TH, Lee JE, Kim IH, Youn BS. Reversion of in vivo fibrogenesis by novel chromone scaffolds. EBioMedicine 2019; 39:484-496. [PMID: 30611717 PMCID: PMC6355727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myofibroblasts are known to play a key role in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Two drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, are the only approved therapeutic options for IPF, but their applications are limited due to their side effects. Thus, curative IPF drugs represent a huge unmet medical need. METHODS A mouse hepatic stellate cell (HSC) line was established that could robustly differentiate into myofibroblasts upon treatment with TGF-β. Eupatilin was assessed in diseased human lung fibroblasts from IPF patients (DHLFs) as well as in human lung epithelial cells (HLECs). The drug's performance was extensively tested in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model (BLM). Global gene expression studies and proteome analysis were performed. FINDINGS Eupatilin attenuated disease severity of BLM in both preventative and therapeutic studies. The drug inhibited the in vitro transdifferantiation of DHLFs to myofibroblasts upon stimulation with TGF-β. No such induction of the in vitro transdifferantiation was observed in TGF-β treated HLECs. Specific carbons of eupatilin were essential for its anti-fibrotic activity. Eupatilin was capable of dismantling latent TGF-β complex, specifically by eliminating expression of the latent TGF-β binding protein 1 (LTBP1), in ECM upon actin depolymerization. Unlike eupatilin, pirfenidone was unable to block fibrosis of DHLFs or HSCs stimulated with TGF-β. Eupatilin attenuated phosphorylation of Smad3 by TGF-β. Eupatilin induced myofibroblasts to dedifferentiate into intermediate HCS-like cells. INTERPRETATION Eupatilin may act directly on pathogenic myofibroblasts, disarming them, whereas the anti-fibrotic effect of pirfenidone may be indirect. Eupatilin could increase the efficacy of IPF treatment to curative levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25601, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, College of Medicine,Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, 25601, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Moon Kee Meang
- OsteoNeuroGenInc, Seoul 08501, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yae Eun Park
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26426, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hee Lee
- School of Oriental Medicine, Formulae Pharmacology Department, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korean Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Shin JH, Kim KM, Jeong JU, Shin JM, Kang JH, Bang K, Kim JH. Nrf2-Heme Oxygenase-1 Attenuates High-Glucose-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Renal Tubule Cells by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β Signaling. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:2510105. [PMID: 31467925 PMCID: PMC6701369 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2510105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to play a significant role in the advancement to chronic kidney disease and contributes to the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and renal fibrosis relating to diabetic nephropathy. METHOD We studied the effect of Nrf2-HO-1 signaling on high-glucose- (HG-) induced EMT in normal human tubular epithelial cells, that is, HK2 cells. In short, we treated HK2 cells with HG and sulforaphane (SFN) as an Nrf2 activator. EMT was evaluated by the expression activity of the epithelial marker E-cadherin and mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and fibronectin. RESULTS Exposure of HK2 cells to HG (60 mM) activated the expression of vimentin and fibronectin but decreased E-cadherin. Treatment of HK2 cells with SFN caused HG-induced attenuation in EMT markers with activated Nrf2-HO-1. We found that SFN decreased HG-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt at serine 473, and inhibitory phosphorylation of serine/threonine kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) at serine 9. Subsequently, these signaling led to the downregulation of the Snail-1 transcriptional factor and the recovery of E-cadherin. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that Nrf2-HO-1 signaling has an inhibitory role in the regulation of EMT through the modulation of ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β activity, highlighting Nrf2-HO-1 and GSK-3β as potential therapeutic targets in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Ho Shin
- Division of Nephrology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Uk Jeong
- Division of Nephrology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Shin
- Division of Pathology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Kang
- Division of Pediatrics, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Bang
- Division of Nephrology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Kim
- Division of Pathology, Eulji University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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28
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Sharma S, Goswami R, Rahaman SO. The TRPV4-TAZ mechanotransduction signaling axis in matrix stiffness- and TGFβ1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 12:139-152. [PMID: 31681446 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-00565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The implantation of biomaterials into soft tissue leads to the development of foreign body response, a non-specific inflammatory condition that is characterized by the presence of fibrotic tissue. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key event in development, fibrosis, and oncogenesis. Emerging data support a role for both a mechanical signal and a biochemical signal in EMT. We hypothesized that transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive channel, is a mediator of EMT. Methods Normal human primary epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were seeded on collagen-coated plastic plates or varied stiffness polyacrylamide gels in the presence or absence of TGFβ1, Immunofluorescence, immunoblot, and polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed to determine expression level of EMT markers and signaling proteins. Knock-down of TRPV4 function was achieved by siRNA transfection or by GSK2193874 treatment. Results We found that knock-down of TRPV4 blocked both matrix stiffness- and TGFβ1-induced EMT in NHEKs. In a murine skin fibrosis model, TRPV4 deletion resulted in decreased expression of the mesenchymal marker, α-SMA, and increased expression of epithelial marker, E-cadherin. Mechanistically, our data showed that: i) TRPV4 was essential for the nuclear translocation of TAZ in response to matrix stiffness and TGFβ1; ii) Antagonism of TRPV4 inhibited both matrix stiffness-induced and TGFβ1-induced expression of TAZ proteins; and iii) TRPV4 antagonism suppressed both matrix stiffness-induced and TGFβ1-induced activation of Smad2/3, but not of AKT. Conclusions These data identify a novel role for TRPV4-TAZ mechanotransduction signaling axis in regulating EMT in NHEKs in response to both matrix stiffness and TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sharma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA
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Koga M, Kuramochi M, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunohistochemical characterization of myofibroblasts appearing in isoproterenol-induced rat myocardial fibrosis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:127-133. [PMID: 30464077 PMCID: PMC6361647 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic lesion is formed by myofibroblasts capable of producing collagens. The myofibroblasts are characterized by immunoexpressions of vimentin, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)
in varying degrees. The cellular characteristics remain investigated in myocardial fibrosis. We analyzed immunophenotypes of myofibroblasts appearing in isoproterenol-induced myocardial
fibrosis in rats until 28 days after injection (10 mg/kg body weight); the lesions developed as interstitial edema and inflammatory cell reaction on 8 hr and days 1 and 3, and fibrosis
occurred on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 by gradual deposition of collagens, showing the greatest grade on day 14; the lesions gradually reduced with sporadic scar until day 28. Myofibroblasts
expressing vimentin and α-SMA increased with a peak on day 3, and then, gradually decreased onwards. Interestingly, Thy-1 expressing cells appeared in the affected areas, apparently being
corresponding to the grade similar to vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells. Thy-1 is expressed in immature mesenchymal cells such as pericytes with pluripotent nature. The immunoreactivity for
A3-antigen, a marker for immature mesenchymal cells, was seen in some surrounding cells. There were no cells reacting with antibodies to nestin or glial fibrillary acidic protein, although
hepatic myofibroblats have been reported to react with these antibodies. Collectively, myofibroblasts appearing in rat myocardial fibrosis may have been derived from immature mesenchymal
cells positive for Thy-1 or A3-antigen, with thereafter showing expressions of vimentin and α-SMA in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Koga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14, Nishinosho-Monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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30
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Ghosh S, Shang P, Terasaki H, Stepicheva N, Hose S, Yazdankhah M, Weiss J, Sakamoto T, Bhutto IA, Xia S, Zigler JS, Kannan R, Qian J, Handa JT, Sinha D. A Role for βA3/A1-Crystallin in Type 2 EMT of RPE Cells Occurring in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2018; 59:AMD104-AMD113. [PMID: 30098172 PMCID: PMC6058694 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The RPE cells have a major role in the development of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We present novel evidence that βA3/A1-crystallin, encoded by the Cryba1 gene, a protein known to be important for lysosomal clearance in the RPE, also has a role in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of RPE cells. Methods RPE from dry AMD globes, genetically engineered mice lacking Cryba1 globally or specifically in the RPE, spontaneous mutant rats (Nuc1) with a loss-of-function mutation in Cryba1, and the melanoma OCM3 cell line were used. Spatial localization of proteins was demonstrated with immunofluorescence, gene expression levels were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR), and protein levels by Western blotting. Cell movement was evaluated using wound healing and cell migration assays. Co-immunoprecipitation was used to identify binding partners of βA3/A1-crystallin. Results βA3/A1-crystallin is upregulated in polarized RPE cells compared to undifferentiated cells. Loss of βA3/A1-crystallin in murine and human RPE cells resulted in upregulation of Snail and vimentin, downregulation of E-cadherin, and increased cell migration. βA3/A1-crystallin binds to cortactin, and loss of βA3/A1-crystallin resulted in increased P-cortactinY421. The RPE from AMD samples had increased Snail and vimentin, and decreased E-cadherin, compared to age-matched controls. Conclusions We introduced a novel concept of dry AMD initiation induced by lysosomal clearance defects in the RPE and subsequent attempts by RPE cells to avoid the resulting stress by undergoing EMT. We demonstrate that βA3/A1-crystallin is a potential therapeutic target for AMD through rejuvenation of lysosomal dysfunction and potentially, reversal of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Peng Shang
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Hiroto Terasaki
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stacey Hose
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joseph Weiss
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Taiji Sakamoto
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Imran A Bhutto
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger and Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - J Samuel Zigler
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ram Kannan
- Arnold and Mabel Beckman Macular Research Center, Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jiang Qian
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - James T Handa
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Debasish Sinha
- Glia Research Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Liu J, Yang P, Zuo G, He S, Tan W, Zhang X, Su C, Zhao L, Wei L, Chen Y, Ruan X, Chen Y. Long-chain fatty acid activates hepatocytes through CD36 mediated oxidative stress. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:153. [PMID: 30016988 PMCID: PMC6050651 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0790-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence suggests that activated hepatocytes are involved in the deposition of the excess extracellular matrix during liver fibrosis via the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury. CD36 is known to mediate long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) uptake and lipid metabolism. However, it is unclear whether LCFA directly promotes hepatocyte activation and the involved mechanisms have not been fully clarified. METHODS Mice were fed with a high fat diet (HFD) and normal hepatocyte cells (Chang liver cells) were treated with palmitic acid (PA) in vivo and in vitro. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting were used to examine the gene and protein expression of molecules involved in hepatic fibrogenesis and hepatocyte activation. CD36 was knocked down by transfecting CD36 siRNA into hepatocyte cells. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected using commercial kits. RESULTS HFD induced a profibrogenic response and up-regulated CD36 expression in vivo. Analogously, PA increased lipid accumulation and induced human hepatocyte activation in vitro, which was also accompanied by increased CD36 expression. Interestingly, knockdown of CD36 resulted in a reduction of hepatocyte lipid deposition and decreased expression of Acta2 (34% decrease), Vimentin (29% decrease), Desmin (60% decrease), and TGF-β signaling pathway related genes. In addition, HFD and PA increased the production of H2O2 in vivo (48% increase) and in vitro (385% increase), and the antioxidant, NAC, ameliorated PA-induced hepatocyte activation. Furthermore, silencing of CD36 in vitro markedly attenuated PA-induced oxidative stress (H2O2: 41% decrease; ROS: 39% decrease), and the anti-activation effects of CD36 knockdown could be abolished by pretreatment with H2O2. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that LCFA facilitates hepatocyte activation by up-regulating oxidative stress through CD36, which could be an important mechanism in the development of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guoqing Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Song He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400021, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chunxiao Su
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Li Wei
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiongzhong Ruan
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.,John Moorhead Research Laboratory, Centre for Nephrology, University College London Medical School, Royal Free Campus, University College London, NW3 2PF, London, UK.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases (CCID), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yaxi Chen
- Centre for Lipid Research & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Terada N, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Expression of β-catenin in regenerating renal tubules of cisplatin-induced kidney failure in rats. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 22:1240-1250. [DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1583-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wang D, Rai B, Qi F, Liu T, Wang J, Wang X, Ma B. Influence of the Twist gene on the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:31-44. [PMID: 29115546 PMCID: PMC5783602 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of the Twist gene in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its effects on the invasion and metastasis of malignant tumors. In vitro, we transfected SW480, HCT116 and HT29 cells with recombinant plasmids, pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist and pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, to influence expression of Twist. The transfection efficacy of the plasmids in the cell lines was confirmed by flow cytometry. The relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Twist, E-cadherin and vimentin in the transfected cells were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. In addition, migration and invasion were assessed by Transwell assays. In vivo, we established a xenogenic liver metastasis mouse model by intrasplenic injection with transfected SW480, HCT116 or HT29 human colon cancer cells and used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining to demonstrate the effective establishment of the model. The relative mRNA levels of Twist and vimentin were detected by RT-PCR. In vitro, RT-PCR and western blotting showed higher relative mRNA and protein expression levels of Twist and vimentin in cell lines transfected with the recombinant, highly expressed Twist plasmid than in non-transfected cell lines (P<0.05), while E-cadherin was inhibited (P<0.05). After transfection with the plasmid pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA, the relative mRNA and protein levels of Twist and vimentin were markedly inhibited in the HCT116 cells (P<0.05), and the levels of E-cadherin were not changed (P>0.05), along with inhibition of the migration and invasion abilities of the cell line (P<0.01). In vivo, relative mRNA levels of Twist and vimentin in both the liver and spleen of the mouse model were higher in the groups that were injected with one of the three cell lines transfected with pTracer-CMV/BSD-Twist than in the groups injected with cells transfected with pGenesil1.2-Twist-shRNA (P<0.05). In conclusion, upregulation of Twist gene expression can promote EMT molecular events. Interfering with the Twist gene can effectively silence Twist gene expression in HCT116 cells and consequently inhibit colon cancer cell migration and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duowei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bikash Rai
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Jinmiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Bozhao Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
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Hashimoto A, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunophenotypical analysis of pancreatic interstitial cells in the developing rat pancreas and myofibroblasts in the fibrotic pancreas in dogs and cats. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1920-1926. [PMID: 29046498 PMCID: PMC5745165 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic fibrosis develops as the results of the activity of myofibroblasts capable of
producing collagens. The myofibroblasts derive from pancreatic interstitial cells,
including pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), which can express glial fibrillary acidic
protein (GFAP). First, we investigated the expression patterns of vimentin, desmin,
α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Thy-1 and GFAP in the developing rat pancreas (in fetuses
at 18 and 20 days, neonates from 1 to 21 days, and adults). Interstitial cells in the
developing pancreas expressed vimentin, desmin, GFAP and Thy-1 at varying degrees;
interestingly, the reactivity for desmin and vimentin was the highest in fetuses. GFAP
expression was consistent between fetuses and neonates, and Thy-1 reactivity transiently
increased after birth; however, α-SMA-positive interstitial cells were rarely seen. Next,
we analyzed the immunophenotypical characteristics of myofibroblasts appearing in
pancreatic fibrosis in dogs and cats. With increasing fibrotic grade, myofibroblasts
showed increased expression of vimentin, desmin and α-SMA, in addition to increased GFAP
expression. Collectively, pancreatic interstitial cells and myofibroblasts may have
similar immunophenotypes, and myofibroblasts might originate partly from GFAP-expressing
PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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Guo F, Yi X, Li M, Fu J, Li S. Snail1 is positively correlated with atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4231-4237. [PMID: 29104639 PMCID: PMC5658748 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the association between Snail1 and atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and to determine the possible mechanism underlying this interrelation. A total of 19 patients were included in the current study and were divided into two groups: A sinus rhythm (SR) group (n=9) and an AF group (n=10). All patients underwent heart valve replacement surgery, during which ~200 mg right atrium tissue was obtained. Hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome-stained sections were used to evaluate the morphological changes of cardiomyocytes and the level of fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry was applied to observe the location and expression of Snail1. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure Snail1 mRNA levels. Western blotting was used to determine changes in the expression of Snail1, as well as in the expression of proteins involved in the Wnt pathway, including Wnt1, Wnt 3a, Wnt8a, Wnt5a and Wnt11. Compared with the SR group, expanded cardiomyocytes and higher collagen deposition was detected in the atrial tissue of the AF group. The expression of Snail1 mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the AF group than in the SR group (P<0.05). Additionally, the expression of Wnt1, 3a and 8a in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, and Wnt5a and 11 in the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway were significantly increased in the AF group. Furthermore, the phosphorylation level of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and the levels of β-catenin and GSK3β were significantly increased in the AF group compared with the SR group (P<0.05). Snail1 may be involved in the development and maintenance of atrial fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation and rheumatic heart disease and may be developed as a novel biomarker to evaluate myocardial fibrosis in the future. Additionally, the current study suggests that the Wnt signaling pathway may participate in the process of increased Snail1 expression and atrial fibrosis in patients with AF and RHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mingjiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jinrong Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sha Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Deng G, Qu J, Zhang Y, Che X, Cheng Y, Fan Y, Zhang S, Na D, Liu Y, Qu X. Gastric cancer-derived exosomes promote peritoneal metastasis by destroying the mesothelial barrier. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28643334 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An intact mesothelium serves as a protective barrier to inhibit peritoneal carcinomatosis. Cancer-derived exosomes can mediate directional tumor metastasis; however, little is known about whether gastric cancer-derived exosomes will destroy the mesothelial barrier and promote peritoneal dissemination. Here, we demonstrate that gastric cancer-derived exosomes facilitate peritoneal metastasis by causing mesothelial barrier disruption and peritoneal fibrosis. Injury of peritoneal mesothelial cells elicited by gastric cancer-derived exosomes is through concurrent apoptosis and mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT). Additionally, upregulation of p-ERK in peritoneal mesothelial cells is primarily responsible for the MMT while contributing little to apoptosis. Together, these data support the concept that exosomes play a crucial role in remodeling the premetastatic microenvironment and identify a novel mechanism for peritoneal metastasis of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinglei Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Simeng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Di Na
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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The roles of Toll-like receptor 4 in the pathogenesis of pathogen-associated biliary fibrosis caused by Clonorchis sinensis. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28634394 PMCID: PMC5478609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogen-associated biliary fibrosis (PABF) is a type of liver fibrosis characterized by injuries of cholangiocytes and extra cellular matrix (ECM) deposition around bile ducts caused by various bacteria, fungi, virus and parasites. Recent studies show that TLR4 plays an important role in several other types of liver fibrosis, but the mechanism of TLR4 in PABF is yet really unclear. In the present study, a PABF mouse model was established by a trematode infection-Clonorchis sinensis which dwells in the bile ducts and causes severe biliary fibrosis of mice. The results showed that the levels of collagen depositions, α-SMA and hydroxyproline (Hyp) contents in TLR4mut mice infected by C. sinensis were significantly lower than in those of TLR4wild ones. Furthermore, we found that the activation of TGF-β signaling was impaired in the TLR4mut mice, compared with wild mice when they were challenged to the same dose of C. sinensis metacercariae. Moreover, the mice with TLR4 mutation showed a decreased activation of hepatic stellate cells indicated by the expression of α-SMA, when compared with TLR4wild mice. These data demonstrate that TLR4 contributes to PABF caused by C. sinensis and TLR4 signaling may be a potential medical target for treatment of PABF.
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Chappell MC, Al Zayadneh EM. Angiotensin-(1-7) and the Regulation of Anti-Fibrotic Signaling Pathways. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 2. [PMID: 28691117 DOI: 10.4172/2576-1471.1000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Chappell
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ebaa M Al Zayadneh
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordon
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Xu M, Zhou H, Zhang C, He J, Wei H, Zhou M, Lu Y, Sun Y, Ding JW, Zeng J, Peng W, Du F, Gong A. ADAM17 promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition via TGF-β/Smad pathway in gastric carcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:2520-2528. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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