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Prajapati P, Kumar A, Mangrulkar S, Chaple DR, Saraf SA, Kushwaha S. Azilsartan prevents muscle loss and fast- to slow-twitch muscle fiber shift in natural ageing sarcopenic rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:342-360. [PMID: 38118126 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a musculoskeletal disease that reduces muscle mass and strength in older individuals. The study investigates the effects of azilsartan (AZL) on skeletal muscle loss in natural sarcopenic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4-6 months and 18-21 months were selected as young-matched control and natural-aged (sarcopenic) rats, respectively. Rats were allocated into young and old control (YC and OC) and young and old AZL treatment (YT and OT) groups, which received vehicles and AZL (8 mg/kg, orally) for 6 weeks. Rats were then sacrificed after muscle function analysis. Serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were isolated for further endpoints. AZL significantly improved muscle grip strength and antioxidant levels in sarcopenic rats. AZL also restored the levels of insulin, testosterone, and muscle biomarkers such as myostatin and creatinine kinase in sarcopenic rats. Furthermore, AZL treatment improved the cellular and ultrastructure of GN muscle and prevented the shift of type II (glycolytic) myofibers to type I (oxidative) myofibers. The results showed that AZL intervention restored protein synthesis in natural sarcopenic rats by increasing p-Akt-1 and decreasing muscle RING-finger protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha immunoexpressions. In conclusion, the present findings showed that AZL could be an effective intervention in treating age-related muscle impairments.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Sarcopenia/prevention & control
- Sarcopenia/metabolism
- Sarcopenia/drug therapy
- Sarcopenia/pathology
- Male
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/therapeutic use
- Aging/drug effects
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Rats
- Benzimidazoles/pharmacology
- Benzimidazoles/therapeutic use
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/drug effects
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Strength/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Myostatin/metabolism
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Shubhada Mangrulkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur 441002, India
| | - D R Chaple
- Priyadarshini J.L. College of Pharmacy, Electronic Zone Building, MIDC Hingna Road, Nagpur 440016, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India
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Prajapati P, Kumar A, Singh J, Saraf SA, Kushwaha S. Azilsartan Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Wasting in High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced Sarcopenic Obesity in Rats via Activating Akt Signalling Pathway. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 112:105025. [PMID: 37062187 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
An association between the loss of skeletal muscle mass and obesity in the geriatric population has been identified as a disease known as sarcopenic obesity. Therefore, therapeutic/preventive interventions are needed to ameliorate sarcopenia. The present study investigates the effect of azilsartan (AZL) on skeletal muscle loss in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-induced sarcopenic obese (SO) rats. Four- and fourteen-months male Sprague Dawley rats were used and randomized in control and azilsartan treatment. 14 months animals were fed with HFD for four months and labeled as HFD-fed SO rats. Young & old rats received 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose as a vehicle/AZL (8 mg/kg, per oral) treatment for six weeks. Grip strength and body composition analysis were performed after the last dose of AZL. Serum and gastrocnemius (GN)muscles were collected after animal sacrifice. AZL treatment significantly increased lean muscle mass, grip strength, myofibrillar protein, and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase & nitric oxide) levels in SO rats. AZL also restored the muscle biomarkers (creatine kinase, myostatin & testosterone), and insulin levels. AZL improves cellular, and ultracellular muscle structure and prevents type I to type II myofiber transitions in SO rats. Further, immunohistochemistry results showed increased expressions of pAkt and reduced expression of MuRF-1 and TNF-α exhibiting that AZL intervention could decrease protein degradation in SO rats. In conclusion, present results showed that AZL significantly increased lean mass, and restored muscle biomarkers, and muscle architecture. Taken together, the aforementioned findings suggest that azilsartan could be a possible therapeutic approach to reduce muscle wasting in sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Jiten Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Jant-Pali, Mahendergarh, Haryana 123031, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Raebareli (NIPER-R), New Transit campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Near CRPF Base Camp, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow 226002, India.
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Hu Y, Liang L, Liu S, Kung JY, Banh HL. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor induced cough compared with placebo, and other antihypertensives: A systematic review, and network meta-analysis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2023; 25:661-688. [PMID: 37417783 PMCID: PMC10423763 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are superior in primary and secondary prevention for cardiac mortality and morbidity to angiotensin receptor blocker (ARBs). One of the common side effects from ACEI is dry cough. The aims of this systematic review, and network meta-analysis are to rank the risk of cough induced by different ACEIs and between ACEI and placebo, ARB or calcium channel blockers (CCB). We performed a systematic review, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to rank the risk of cough induced by each ACEI and between ACEI and placebo, ARB or CCB. A total of 135 RCTs with 45,420 patients treated with eleven ACEIs were included in the analyses. The pooled estimated relative risk (RR) between ACEI and placebo was 2.21 (95% CI: 2.05-2.39). ACEI had more incidences of cough than ARB (RR 3.2; 95% CI: 2.91, 3.51), and pooled estimated of RR between ACEI and CCB was 5.30 (95% CI: 4.32-6.50) Moexipril ranked as number one for inducing cough (SUCRA 80.4%) and spirapril ranked the least (SUCRA 12.3%). The order for the rest of the ACEIs are as follows: ramipril (SUCRA 76.4%), fosinopril (SUCRA 72.5%), lisinopril (SUCRA 64.7%), benazepril (SUCRA 58.6%), quinapril (SUCRA 56.5%), perindopril (SUCRA 54.1%), enalapril (SUCRA 49.7%), trandolapril (SUCRA 44.6%) and, captopril (SUCRA 13.7%). All ACEI has the similar risk of developing a cough. ACEI should be avoided in patients who have risk of developing cough, and an ARB or CCB is an alternative based on the patient's comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Hu
- Department of PharmacySecond Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ling Liang
- Department of CardiologyThe Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical UniversityFuzhouChina
- Department of CardiologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Shuang Liu
- Medical Affairs Management DepartmentSecond Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Janice Y. Kung
- University of Alberta, John W. Scott Health Sciences LibraryEdmontonCanada
| | - Hoan Linh Banh
- Faculty of Medicine and DentistryDepartment of Family MedicineUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
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Baptista LC, Zumbro EL, Graham ZA, Hernandez AR, Buchanan T, Sun Y, Yang Y, Banerjee A, Verma A, Li Q, Carter CS, Buford TW. Multiomics profiling of the impact of an angiotensin (1-7)-expressing probiotic combined with exercise training in aged male rats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:1135-1153. [PMID: 36892893 PMCID: PMC10125028 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00508.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] is an active heptapeptide of the noncanonical arm of the renin-angiotensin system that modulates molecular signaling pathways associated with vascular and cellular inflammation, vasoconstriction, and fibrosis. Preclinical evidence suggests that Ang (1-7) is a promising therapeutic target that may ameliorate physical and cognitive function in late life. However, treatment pharmacodynamics limits its clinical applicability. Therefore, this study explored the underlying mechanisms altered by a genetically modified probiotic (GMP) that expresses Ang (1-7) combined with and without exercise training in an aging male rat model as a potential adjunct strategy to exercise training to counteract the decline of physical and cognitive function. We evaluated cross-tissue (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, colon, liver, and skeletal muscle) multi-omics responses. After 12 wk of intervention, the 16S mRNA microbiome analysis revealed a main effect of probiotic treatment within- and between groups. The probiotic treatment enhanced α diversity (Inverse Simpson (F[2,56] = 4.44; P = 0.02); Shannon-Wiener (F[2,56] = 4.27; P = 0.02)) and β-diversity (F[2,56] = 2.66; P = 0.01) among rats receiving our GMP. The analysis of microbes' composition revealed three genera altered by our GMP (Enterorhabdus, Muribaculaceae unclassified, and Faecalitalea). The mRNA multi-tissue data analysis showed that our combined intervention upregulated neuroremodeling pathways on prefrontal cortex (i.e., 140 genes), inflammation gene expression in the liver (i.e., 63 genes), and circadian rhythm signaling on skeletal muscle. Finally, the integrative network analysis detected different communities of tightly (|r| > 0.8 and P < 0.05) correlated metabolites, genera, and genes in these tissues.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript uses a multiomics approach (i.e., microbiome, metabolomics, and transcriptomics) to explore the underlying mechanisms driven by a genetically modified probiotic (GMP) designed to express angiotensin (1-7) combined with moderate exercise training in an aged male rat model. After 12 wk of intervention, our findings suggest that our GMP enhanced gut microbial diversity while exercise training altered the transcriptional response in relevant neuroremodeling genes, inflammation, and circadian rhythm signaling pathways in an aging animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana C Baptista
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Research Center for Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emily L Zumbro
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Zachary A Graham
- Research Service, Birmingham Veterans Affair Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Healthspan, Resilience and Performance, Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Abbi R Hernandez
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Taylor Buchanan
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Department of Life, Health, and Physical Sciences, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - YouFeng Yang
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Amrisha Verma
- Department of Life, Health, and Physical Sciences, Gordon College, Wenham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | - Christy S Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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Hernandez A, Sun Y, Banerjee A, Yang Y, Verma A, Li Q, Baptista L, Buford TW, Carter CS. Angiotensin (1-7) Delivered Orally via Probiotic in Combination With Exercise: Sex-Dependent Influence on Health Span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:223-226. [PMID: 36124974 PMCID: PMC9951057 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related declines in physical and cognitive function can have tremendous, negative impacts on health span and quality of life. Therefore, we investigated the potential of utilizing a probiotic treatment to target the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in conjunction with moderate exercise to ameliorate age-related declines in cognitive and physical function in aged rats. Herein we utilized a genetically modified angiotensin (1-7), which activates a "complementary" arm of the RAS through binding Mas (AT7) receptors. This process induces several beneficial physiologic effects, including decreased inflammation and enhanced physical/cognitive function. Thus, in this short research report, we suggest the efficacy of this Ang(1-7) releasing Lactobacillus paracasei (LPA) as either an alternative strategy to exercise, or more likely as an adjuvant to moderate exercise, for the prevention of both physical and cognitive decline especially in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbi Hernandez
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Anisha Banerjee
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - YouFeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Amrisha Verma
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Qiuhong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Liliana Baptista
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christy S Carter
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Feike Y, Zhijie L, Wei C. Advances in research on pharmacotherapy of sarcopenia. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:221-233. [PMID: 34553120 PMCID: PMC8444957 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a comprehensive degenerative disease with the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass with age, accompanied by the loss of muscle strength and muscle dysfunction. As a new type of senile syndrome, sarcopenia seriously threatens the health of the elderly. The first-line treatment for sarcopenia is exercise and nutritional supplements. However, pharmacotherapy will provide more reliable and sustainable interventions in geriatric medicine. Clinical trials of new drugs targeting multiple molecules are ongoing. This article focuses on the latest progress in pharmacotherapeutic approaches of sarcopenia in recent years by comprehensively reviewing the clinical outcomes of the existing and emerging pharmacotherapies as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic benefits and side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Feike
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe Central Hospital of Changsha CityChangshaChina
| | - Liu Zhijie
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe Central Hospital of Changsha CityChangshaChina
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Geriatric MedicineThe Central Hospital of Changsha CityChangshaChina
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Resveratrol and exercise combined to treat functional limitations in late life: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Exp Gerontol 2020; 143:111111. [PMID: 33068691 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of combining exercise (EX) and resveratrol to treat older adults with physical function limitations. METHODS Three-arm, two-site pilot randomized, controlled trial (RCT) for community-dwelling adults (N = 60), 71.8 ± 6.3 years of age with functional limitations. Participants were randomized to receive either 12 weeks of (1) EX + placebo [EX0], (2) EX + 500 mg/day resveratrol [EX500], or (3) EX + 1000 mg/day resveratrol [EX1000]. EX consisted of two sessions a week for 12 weeks of center-based walking and whole-body resistance training. Safety was assessed through adverse events and feasibility through exercise session and supplement (placebo, or resveratrol) protocol adherence. Outcome measures included a battery of indices of physical function as well as skeletal muscle mitchondrial function. Data were adjusted for age and gender using the Intent-To-Treat approach. RESULTS Adverse event frequency and type were similar between groups (n = 8 EX0, n = 12 EX500, and n = 7 EX1000). Overall, 85% of participants met the supplement adherence via pill counts while 82% met the exercise session adherence. Adjusted within group mean differences (95% confidence interval) from week 0 to 12 for gait speed ranged from -0.04 (EX0: -0.1, 0.03) m/s to 0.04 (EX1000: -0.02, 0.11) and the six-minute walk test mean differences were 9.45 (EX0: -9.02, 27.7), 22.9 (EX500: 4.18, 41.6), and 33.1 (EX1000: 13.8, 52.4) meters. Unadjusted mean differences for citrate synthase were -0.80 (EX0: -15.45, 13.84), -1.38 (EX500: -12.16, 9.39), and 7.75 (EX1000: -4.68, 20.18) mU/mg. COX activity mean within group changes ranged from -0.05 (EX0) to 0.06 (EX500) k/s/mg. Additional outcomes are detailed in the text. CONCLUSION The pilot RCT indicated that combined EX + resveratrol was safe and feasible for older adults with functional limitations and may improve skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and mobility-related indices of physical function. A larger trial appears warranted and is needed to formally test these hypotheses.
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Harper SA, Baptista LC, Roberts LM, Wherry SJ, Boxer RS, Hildreth KL, Seay RS, Allman PH, Carter CS, Aban I, Kohrt WM, Buford TW. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Combined with Exercise for Hypertensive Seniors (The ACES Trial): Study Protocol of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 6:327. [PMID: 32039215 PMCID: PMC6988302 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior evidence suggests that the choice of antihypertensive medication may influence functional status among older adults with hypertension, particularly in conjunction with exercise. In particular, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have shown potential to positively influence function. However, randomized, controlled trials are needed to confirm this hypothesis. This paper outlines an RCT designed to determine if choice of first-line antihypertensive medication influences functional and cardiovascular risk factor responses to exercise among older adults with hypertension. Two hundred and thirteen inactive, community-dwelling adults ≥60 years of age with hypertension and functional limitations will be recruited to engage in a 32-week intervention study. Participants will be randomized to one of three first-line antihypertensive agents: (1) the ACE inhibitor perindopril, (2) the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan, or (3) the thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ). Six weeks after randomization, participants will begin a 20-week structured aerobic exercise intervention. Participants will perform two 45-min center-based sessions coupled with 60 min of home-based walking per week. The primary aim is to determine if perindopril improves self-paced gait speed when compared with losartan and HCTZ. The secondary aim is to determine the relative effect of perindopril on secondary outcomes such as: (a) exercise capacity, (b) body mass and composition, and (c) circulating indices of cardiovascular risk. This RCT is expected to identify differential effects of first-line antihypertensive medications when combined with physical exercise thus have potential implications for antihypertensive prescription guidelines for older adults. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03295734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A. Harper
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Liliana C. Baptista
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Lisa M. Roberts
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sarah J. Wherry
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca S. Boxer
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
- Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Institute for Health Research, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kerry L. Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Regina S. Seay
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - P. Hunter Allman
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christy S. Carter
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Inmaculada Aban
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Wendy M. Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Thomas W. Buford
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Center for Exercise Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Integrative Center for Aging Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Abstract
Sarcopenia was first described in 1988 as the age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass [...].
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Abstract
Introduction: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, is a global health problem that contributes to the development of physical disability, morbidity and mortality in the ageing population. Sarcopenia is now recognised in many countries as a muscle disease with an ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code for billing care related to this condition, despite no FDA-approved treatments being currently available. Areas covered: This review highlights the current state of knowledge regarding the biological mechanisms contributing to the age-related loss of muscle mass and function and provides a summary of existing and emerging pharmacotherapies in clinical trials for sarcopenia. Expert opinion: While understanding of the pathophysiology of sarcopenia has progressed, rigorous preclinical studies that better inform clinical trials are needed to accelerate drug discovery and identify safe and effective treatments. Few drugs have been developed specifically for sarcopenia and many have failed to meet clinically relevant outcomes related to strength and physical performance. The multifactorial complexity of sarcopenia means that tailored, personalised treatments are more likely to be required than just a single intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Hardee
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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