1
|
Liu M, Liu H, Qin Z, Tao Y, Ye W, Liu R. Effects of physical activity on depression, anxiety, and stress in college students: the chain-based mediating role of psychological resilience and coping styles. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1396795. [PMID: 38911957 PMCID: PMC11191160 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1396795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity can alleviate negative emotions in college students by enhancing mood and cognitive functions. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these benefits remain unclear. Purpose This study examines the association between physical activity and negative emotions-specifically, depression, anxiety, and stress-in college students. Additionally, we explore the mediating effects of psychological resilience and coping styles to offer theoretical and practical insights for mitigating students' negative emotions. Methods Using a stratified random sampling approach, a total of 1,380 college students, from five universities in Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Wenzhou, were included in the analysis. The survey instruments included the Physical Activity Rating Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Simple Coping Style Scale, and Depression-Anxiety Stress Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using multivariate methods with IBM SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS V3.3 plug-in. Results (1) College students engage in a low level of physical activity, with male students participating significantly more than female students (p < 0.001). (2) Physical activity was significantly positively correlated with psychological resilience and positive coping styles (t = 9.126, p < 0.001; t = 23.087, p < 0.001) and overall negative correlated with negative emotions in college students (t = -3.601, p < 0.001). (3) Psychological resilience and positive coping styles were found to play a chain mediating role between physical activity and negative emotions. The mediation effect consists of two paths: physical activity → psychological resilience → negative emotions (effect value: -0.0324), and physical activity → psychological resilience → positive coping → negative emotions (effect value: -0.0099). (4) Female students demonstrated higher levels of positive coping (p < 0.001), while male students exhibited more negative emotions (p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study identifies a significant indirect link, mediated by psychological resilience and positive coping styles, between physical activity and the reduction of negative emotions. Targeted interventions addressing gender differences, such as offering special courses and providing specialized exercise programs and emotional management strategies, can enhance psychological resilience and positive coping mechanisms. Consequently, these measures can alleviate the adverse effects of negative emotions. Our findings have broader implications for both research and practical interventions in promoting mental health among college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- Department of Public Physical and Art Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huanju Liu
- Center for Genetic Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhuzhu Qin
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yining Tao
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wan Ye
- Department of Nursing, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Renyang Liu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wesarg-Menzel C, Marheinecke R, Staaks J, Engert V. Associations of diurnal cortisol parameters with cortisol stress reactivity and recovery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106976. [PMID: 38308964 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Researchers commonly assess the functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by measuring natural fluctuations of its end product cortisol throughout the day or in response to a standardized stressor. Although it is conceivable that an individual releasing relatively more cortisol when confronted with a laboratory stressor does the same in everyday life, inconsistencies remain in the literature regarding associations between diurnal cortisol parameters and cortisol stress responses. Hence, the current meta-analysis aggregated findings of 12 studies to examine overall associations of diurnal cortisol parameters (including total output, diurnal slope, and cortisol awakening response [CAR]) with cortisol stress reactivity and recovery in the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). There were no significant overall associations of total output, slope, or CAR with stress reactivity. Lower total diurnal cortisol output was significantly related to better stress recovery, whereas diurnal slope and CAR were unrelated to stress recovery. Moderation analyses revealed that associations between diurnal cortisol and cortisol stress responses were dependent on the computation method of cortisol parameters, questioning the convergence and validity of commonly employed measures of stress reactivity and recovery. Overall, it seems that we cannot predict characteristics of the diurnal cortisol rhythm from a one-time measure of stress reactivity in a standardized psychosocial laboratory paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Wesarg-Menzel
- Institute for Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
| | - Ruth Marheinecke
- Institute for Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Janneke Staaks
- University Library, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Veronika Engert
- Institute for Psychosocial Medicine, Psychotherapy and Psychooncology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Social Stress and Family Health Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Heidarianpour A, Shokri E, Sadeghian E, Cheraghi F, Razavi Z. Combined training in addition to cortisol reduction can improve the mental health of girls with precocious puberty and obesity. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1241744. [PMID: 38027308 PMCID: PMC10680081 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1241744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and central precocious puberty (CPP) are associated with increased anxiety, depression, and anger in girls. The contribution of exercise as an efficacious component in decreasing anxiety, depression, and anger has been increasingly recognized. Objectives This study aims to evaluate the effects of combined training on cortisol, anxiety, depression, and anger in overweight and obese girls with CPP. Methods The study involved 30 girls aged 7-9 years diagnosed with CPP (undergoing triptorelin treatment) and dealing with obesity. In addition, these girls scored higher than the cut-off line for anxiety, depression, and anger. The participants were divided into two groups, with 15 individuals in each group. The exercise group engaged in 60 min of combined aerobic and resistance training three times per week for a duration of 12 weeks. On the other hand, the control group did not receive any training. Throughout the study, the serum cortisol levels were measured in both groups. Anxiety, anger, and depression questionnaires were also completed at three different stages, namely, baseline, 12 weeks, and 16 weeks (after a 4-week period of detraining). Results In the exercise group, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in cortisol serum levels and anxiety, depression, and anger scores. These changes were observed consistently during detraining (P > 0.05). However, in the control group, only the depression score significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Conclusions Based on the results, it can be concluded that combined training is a method to improve the mental health of CPP girls. Clinical Trial Registration https://en.irct.ir/trial/61990, identifier IRCT20170411033378N10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elnaz Shokri
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Efat Sadeghian
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghi
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Razavi
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Besat Hospital, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fabiano N, Gupta A, Fiedorowicz JG, Firth J, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Schuch FB, Carr LJ, Solmi M. Dr Amir Mohammadamini
The effect of exercise on suicidal behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Affect Disord 2023; 330:355-366. [PMID: 36871911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although exercise may positively impact those with mental or other medical illnesses, there is a lack of understanding on how it influences suicidal ideation or risk. METHODS We conducted a PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and PsycINFO from inception to June 21, 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating exercise and suicidal ideation in subject with mental or physical conditions were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. The primary outcome was suicidal ideation. We assessed bias of studies with risk of bias tool 2. RESULTS We identified 17 RCTs encompassing 1021 participants. Depression was the most included condition (71 %, k = 12). Mean follow up was 10.0 weeks (SD = 5.2). Post-intervention suicidal ideation (SMD = -1.09, CI -3.08-0.90, p = 0.20, k = 5) was not significantly different between exercise and control groups. Suicide attempts were significantly reduced in participants randomized to exercise interventions as compared to inactive controls (OR = 0.23, CI 0.09-0.67, p = 0.04, k = 2). Fourteen studies (82 %) were at high risk of bias. LIMITATIONS This meta-analysis is limited by few, and underpowered and heterogenous studies. CONCLUSION Overall, our meta-analysis did not find a significant decrease in suicidal ideation or mortality between exercise and control groups. However, exercise did significantly decrease suicide attempts. Results should be considered preliminary, and more and larger studies assessing suicidality in RCTs testing exercise are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fabiano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arnav Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; College of Public Health, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mental Health, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Lucas J Carr
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Marco Solmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Mental Health, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (OHRI) Clinical Epidemiology Program, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martland R, Korman N, Firth J, Stubbs B. The efficacy of exercise interventions for all types of inpatients across mental health settings: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 studies. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:232-271. [PMID: 37132599 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2207855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the benefits, safety and adherence of exercise interventions delivered in inpatient mental health settings, quantified the number of exercise trials that provided support to maintain engagement in exercise post-discharge, and reported patient feedback towards exercise interventions. Major databases were searched from inception to 22.06.2022 for intervention studies investigating exercise in mental health inpatient settings. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane and ROBINS-1 checklists. Fifty-six papers were included from 47 trials (including 34 RCTs), bias was high. Exercise improved depression (Standardised mean difference = -0.416; 95% Confidence interval -0.787 to -0.045, N = 15) compared to non-exercise comparators amongst people with a range of mental illnesses, with further (albeit limited) evidence suggesting a role of exercise in cardiorespiratory fitness and various other physical health parameters and ameliorating psychiatric symptoms. No serious exercise-related adverse events were noted, attendance was ≥80% in most trials, and exercise was perceived as enjoyable and useful. Five trials offered patients post-discharge support to continue exercise, with varying success. In conclusion, exercise interventions may have therapeutic benefits in inpatient mental health settings. More high-quality trials are needed to determine optimal parameters, and future research should investigate systems to support patients to maintain exercise engagement once discharged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Martland
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
| | - Nicole Korman
- Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Services, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, NICM Health Research Institute, Australia
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yu Q, Wong KK, Lei OK, Nie J, Shi Q, Zou L, Kong Z. Comparative Effectiveness of Multiple Exercise Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:135. [PMID: 36308622 PMCID: PMC9617247 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of exercise interventions in the treatment of mental health disorders is well known, but research is lacking on the most efficient exercise type for specific mental health disorders. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to compare and rank the effectiveness of various exercise types in the treatment of mental health disorders. METHODS The PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials as well as Google Scholar were searched up to December 2021. We performed pairwise and network meta-analyses as well as meta-regression analyses for mental health disorders in general and each type of mental health disorder, with alterations in symptom severity as the primary outcome. RESULTS A total of 6456 participants from 117 randomized controlled trials were surveyed. The multimodal exercise (71%) had the highest probability of being the most efficient exercise for relieving depressive symptoms. While resistance exercise (60%) was more likely to be the most effective treatment for anxiety disorder, patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) benefited more from mind-body exercise (52%). Furthermore, resistance exercise (31%) and multimodal exercise (37%) had more beneficial effects in the treatment of the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, respectively. The length of intervention and exercise frequency independently moderated the effects of mind-body exercise on depressive (coefficient = 0.14, p = .03) and negative schizophrenia (coefficient = 0.96, p = .04) symptoms. CONCLUSION Multimodal exercise ranked best for treating depressive and negative schizophrenic symptoms, while resistance exercise seemed to be more beneficial for those with anxiety-related and positive schizophrenic symptoms. Mind-body exercise was recommended as the most promising exercise type in the treatment of PTSD. However, the findings should be treated with caution due to potential risk of bias in at least one dimension of assessment and low-to-moderate certainty of evidence. Trial Registration This systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42022310237).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ka-Kit Wong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - On-Kei Lei
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, The Shenzhen Humanities & Social Sciences Key Research Bases of the Center for Mental Health, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060 China
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Latour E, Arlet J, Latour E, Latour M, Basta P, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A. Stressor-Induced Temporal Cortisol Deficiency as a Primary Trigger for Adaptation to Stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5633. [PMID: 35565026 PMCID: PMC9102777 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistencies in measurements of cortisol response to stress have caused disagreements in the direction of the change in cortisol concentrations immediately after the onset of stress. Researchers typically observe increased cortisol levels in response to a stressor, perceiving occasional decreases as a sign of possible disorders. Reports indicate the relative ease of standardizing a physical stressor compared with a mental stressor, and cross-stressor adaptation is observable only in elite athletes. METHODS We investigated the cortisol response to top-intensity physical exertion by analyzing the course of the cortisol response, the changes in this response resulting from adaptation to intense exercise, and the possible convergence between the cortisol changes and body fat content. We examined 16 male athletes, members of the Polish National Rowing Team, competing in the World Rowing Championships, in top form, of an average training experience of seven years. The measurements were performed before and after the training camp preparatory to the Championships. We performed the measurements before and after the training camp preparatory to the Championships. RESULTS Before the camp, the athletes consistently reacted to the exertion test with a decrease in cortisol concentration and elevated cortisol levels after rest compared with baseline. After the camp, the post-exertion cortisol decrease as well as the post-rest cortisol elevation was much smaller and less consistent. CONCLUSIONS The transient decrease in cortisol concentration at the onset of stress thus represents a physiological reaction, and the stress response counteracts the resulting cortisol deficiency to support cortisol availability during stress. Adaptation to stress enhanced this counteracting effect by (1) increasing the baseline cortisol concentration and (2) speeding up the response to its decline. This enhanced effect was boosted by adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Latour
- Faculty of Physical Culture in Gorzów Wlkp., Poznan University of Physical Education, Ul. Estkowskiego 13, 66-400 Gorzów Wielkopolski, Poland; (J.A.); (E.L.); (M.L.); (P.B.); (A.S.-S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kreppke JN, Cody R, Faude O, Gerber M. [Enjoying Sports and Movement in Mental Illness]. PRAXIS 2022; 110:200-204. [PMID: 35291865 DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Enjoying Sports and Movement in Mental Illness Abstract. Sports and exercise therapy is an effective complemant in the treatment of major depression. The recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate or 75 minutes of intensive physical activity per week should be met to achieve positive effects of physical activity. In addition, individual needs and the physical health conditions must be considered in the planning and implementation, so that exercise will be enjoyed in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Niklas Kreppke
- Abteilung Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaften, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Robyn Cody
- Abteilung Sport und psychische Gesundheit, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Oliver Faude
- Abteilung Bewegungs- und Trainingswissenschaften, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| | - Markus Gerber
- Abteilung Sport und psychische Gesundheit, Departement für Sport, Bewegung und Gesundheit, Universität Basel, Basel
| |
Collapse
|