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Sharma S, Belenje A, Takkar B, Narula R, Rathi VM, Tyagi M, Rani PK, Narayanan R, Kaur I. Tear Protein Markers for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema - Towards an Early Diagnosis and Better Prognosis. Semin Ophthalmol 2024; 39:440-450. [PMID: 38643349 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2342266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic eye disease is a highly prevalent and sight-threatening disorder. It is a disease of neuro-vascular unit of the retina, if left untreated can cause blindness. Therapeutic approaches followed for its treatment can only restrict the progression of the disease with highly variable results. There is no known biomarker for an early diagonsis of this disease, therefore by the time it is detected it goes beyond repair. This creates a massive demand for development of such biomarkers that help detect disease in its earlier stages. METHODS PUBMED (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was searched for articles relevant to the topic published till November 2023. The search was made using keywords such as Diabetic Retinopathy, inflammation, tear, biomarker, proteomics etc. The studies providing relevant information to prove the importance of biomarker discovery were chosen. After compiling the data, the manuscript writing was planned under relevant headings and sub-headings. RESULTS The review provides a comprehensive overview of all the tear protein biomarker studies in the field of DR and DME. Briefly, their potential in other diseases is also elucidated. While there are many studies pertaining to DR biomarkers, the identified markers lack validations which has restricted their usage in clinics. In case of DME, there was no such study towards biomarker discovery for its diagnosis and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights major studies and their lacunae in the field of biomarkers discovery for DR and DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmeela Sharma
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Akash Belenje
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | - Brijesh Takkar
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ritesh Narula
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Mudit Tyagi
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Raja Narayanan
- Anant Bajaj Retina Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institue, Hyderabad, India
| | - Inderjeet Kaur
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Mellor J, Jeyam A, Beulens JW, Bhandari S, Broadhead G, Chew E, Fickweiler W, van der Heijden A, Gordin D, Simó R, Snell-Bergeon J, Tynjälä A, Colhoun H. Role of Systemic Factors in Improving the Prognosis of Diabetic Retinal Disease and Predicting Response to Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2024; 4:100494. [PMID: 38694495 PMCID: PMC11061755 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2024.100494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Topic To review clinical evidence on systemic factors that might be relevant to update diabetic retinal disease (DRD) staging systems, including prediction of DRD onset, progression, and response to treatment. Clinical relevance Systemic factors may improve new staging systems for DRD to better assess risk of disease worsening and predict response to therapy. Methods The Systemic Health Working Group of the Mary Tyler Moore Vision Initiative reviewed systemic factors individually and in multivariate models for prediction of DRD onset or progression (i.e., prognosis) or response to treatments (prediction). Results There was consistent evidence for associations of longer diabetes duration, higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and male sex with DRD onset and progression. There is strong trial evidence for the effect of reducing HbA1c and reducing DRD progression. There is strong evidence that higher blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for DRD incidence and for progression. Pregnancy has been consistently reported to be associated with worsening of DRD but recent studies reflecting modern care standards are lacking. In studies examining multivariate prognostic models of DRD onset, HbA1c and diabetes duration were consistently retained as significant predictors of DRD onset. There was evidence of associations of BP and sex with DRD onset. In multivariate prognostic models examining DRD progression, retinal measures were consistently found to be a significant predictor of DRD with little evidence of any useful marginal increment in prognostic information with the inclusion of systemic risk factor data apart from retinal image data in multivariate models. For predicting the impact of treatment, although there are small studies that quantify prognostic information based on imaging data alone or systemic factors alone, there are currently no large studies that quantify marginal prognostic information within a multivariate model, including both imaging and systemic factors. Conclusion With standard imaging techniques and ways of processing images rapidly evolving, an international network of centers is needed to routinely capture systemic health factors simultaneously to retinal images so that gains in prediction increment may be precisely quantified to determine the usefulness of various health factors in the prognosis of DRD and prediction of response to treatment. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Mellor
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Anita Jeyam
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Joline W.J. Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanjeeb Bhandari
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey Broadhead
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Emily Chew
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Applications, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ward Fickweiler
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amber van der Heijden
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel Gordin
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rafael Simó
- Endocrinology & Nutrition, Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Snell-Bergeon
- Clinical Epidemiology Division, Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Colorado
| | - Anniina Tynjälä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helen Colhoun
- Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Crewe Road, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Li Y, Jie C, Wang J, Zhang W, Wang J, Deng Y, Liu Z, Hou X, Bi X. Global research trends and future directions in diabetic macular edema research: A bibliometric and visualized analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38596. [PMID: 38905408 PMCID: PMC11191902 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) significantly impairs vision in diabetics, with varied patient responses to current treatments like anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy underscoring the necessity for continued research into more effective strategies. This study aims to evaluate global research trends and identify emerging frontiers in DME to guide future research and clinical management. METHODS A qualitative and quantitative analysis of publications related to diabetic macular edema retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) between its inception and September 4, 2023, was conducted. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix Package, and Tableau were used for the bibliometric analysis and visualization. This encompasses an examination of the overall distribution of annual output, major countries, regions, institutions, authors, core journals, co-cited references, and keyword analyses. RESULTS Overall, 5624 publications were analyzed, indicating an increasing trend in DME research. The United States was identified as the leading country in DME research, with the highest h-index of 135 and 91,841 citations. Francesco Bandello emerged as the most prolific author with 97 publications. Neil M. Bressler has the highest h-index and highest total citation count of 46 and 9692, respectively. The journals "Retina - the Journal of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases" and "Ophthalmology" were highlighted as the most prominent in this field. "Retina" leads with 354 publications, a citation count of 11,872, and an h-index of 59. Meanwhile, "Ophthalmology" stands out with the highest overall citation count of 31,558 and the highest h-index of 90. The primary research focal points in diabetic macular edema included "prevalence and risk factors," "pathological mechanisms," "imaging modalities," "treatment strategies," and "clinical trials." Emerging research areas encompassed "deep learning and artificial intelligence," "novel treatment modalities," and "biomarkers." CONCLUSION Our bibliometric analysis delineates the leading role of the United States in DME research. We identified current research hotspots, including epidemiological studies, pathophysiological mechanisms, imaging advancements, and treatment innovations. Emerging trends, such as the integration of artificial intelligence and novel therapeutic approaches, highlight future directions. These insights underscore the importance of collaborative and interdisciplinary approaches in advancing DME research and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhong Jie
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiqiong Zhang
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Wang
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqiang Liu
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hou
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuqi Bi
- Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Yang X, Zong Y, Yu T, Yang X. miR-196b-5p regulates inflammatory process and migration via targeting Nras in trabecular meshwork cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111646. [PMID: 38325046 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Glaucoma, an insidious ophthalmic pathology, is typified by an aberrant surge in intraocular pressure (IOP) which culminates in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells and optical neuropathy. The mitigation of IOP stands as the principal therapeutic strategy to forestall vision loss. The trabecular meshwork's (TM) integrity and functionality are pivotal in modulating aqueous humor egress. Despite their potential significance in glaucomatous pathophysiology, the implications of microRNAs (miRNAs) on TM functionality remain largely enigmatic. Transcriptomic sequencing was employed to delineate the miRNA expression paradigm within the limbal region of rodent glaucoma models, aiming to elucidate miRNA-mediated mechanisms within the glaucomatous milieu. Analytical scrutiny of the sequencing data disclosed 174 miRNAs with altered expression profiles, partitioned into 86 miRNAs with augmented expression and 88 with diminished expression. Notably, miRNAs such as hsa-miR-196b-5p were identified as having substantial expression discrepancies with concomitant statistical robustness, suggesting a potential contributory role in glaucomatous progression. Subsequent in vitro assays affirmed that miR-196b-5p augments the inflammatory cascade within immortalized human TM (iHTM) and glaucoma-induced human TM (GTM3) cells, concurrently attenuating cellular proliferation, motility, and cytoskeletal architecture. Additionally, miR-196b-5p implicates itself in the regulation of IOP and inflammatory processes in rodent models. At a mechanistic level, miR-196b-5p modulates its effects via the targeted repression of Nras (neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog). Collectively, these transcriptomic investigations furnish a comprehensive vista into the regulatory roles of miRNAs within the glaucomatous framework, and the identification of differentially expressed miRNAs alongside their targets could potentially illuminate novel molecular pathways implicated in glaucoma, thereby aiding in the development of innovative therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People's Republic of China.
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Altman J, Jones G, Ahmed S, Sharma S, Sharma A. Tear Film MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3694. [PMID: 36835108 PMCID: PMC9962948 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are non-coding RNAs that serve as regulatory molecules in a variety of pathways such as inflammation, metabolism, homeostasis, cell machinery, and development. With the progression of sequencing methods and modern bioinformatics tools, novel roles of microRNAs in regulatory mechanisms and pathophysiological states continue to expand. Advances in detection methods have further enabled larger adoption of studies utilizing minimal sample volumes, allowing the analysis of microRNAs in low-volume biofluids, such as the aqueous humor and tear fluid. The reported abundance of extracellular microRNAs in these biofluids has prompted studies to explore their biomarker potential. This review compiles the current literature reporting microRNAs in human tear fluid and their association with ocular diseases including dry eye disease, Sjögren's syndrome, keratitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, glaucoma, diabetic macular edema, and diabetic retinopathy, as well as non-ocular diseases, including Alzheimer's and breast cancer. We also summarize the known roles of these microRNAs and shed light on the future progression of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Altman
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Garrett Jones
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Saleh Ahmed
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Wong WKM, Polkamp M, Farr RJ, Kunte PS, Hardikar HP, Yajnik CS, Hardikar AA, Joglekar MV. MicroRNA Profiling from Tears as a Potential Non-invasive Method for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2678:117-134. [PMID: 37326708 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3255-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a vascular complication of diabetes that can lead to partial or complete loss of vision. Early detection and treatment of DR can prevent blindness. Regular clinical examination is recommended for DR diagnosis; however, it is not always possible or feasible due to limited resources, expertise, time, and infrastructure. Several clinical and molecular biomarkers are proposed for the prediction of DR including microRNAs. MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are found in biofluids and can be measured using reliable and sensitive methods. The most commonly used biofluid for microRNA profiling is plasma or serum; however, tear fluid (tears) is also demonstrated to contain microRNAs. MicroRNAs isolated from tears present a non-invasive source for DR detection. Different methods of microRNA profiling are available including digital PCR-based methods that can detect up to a single copy of microRNA in the biofluids. Here, we describe microRNA isolation from tears using manual method as well as using a high-throughput automated platform followed by microRNA profiling using digital PCR system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Mya Polkamp
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan J Farr
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Health and Biosecurity (H&B) at the Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP), CSIRO, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Pooja S Kunte
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Diabetes Unit, KEM Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, India
| | - Hrishikesh P Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia.
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Liu X, Papukashvili D, Wang Z, Liu Y, Chen X, Li J, Li Z, Hu L, Li Z, Rcheulishvili N, Lu X, Ma J. Potential utility of miRNAs for liquid biopsy in breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:940314. [PMID: 35992785 PMCID: PMC9386533 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.940314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) remains the most prevalent malignancy due to its incidence rate, recurrence, and metastasis in women. Conventional strategies of cancer detection– mammography and tissue biopsy lack the capacity to detect the complete cancer genomic landscape. Besides, they often give false- positive or negative results. The presence of this and other disadvantages such as invasiveness, high-cost, and side effects necessitates developing new strategies to overcome the BC burden. Liquid biopsy (LB) has been brought to the fore owing to its early detection, screening, prognosis, simplicity of the technique, and efficient monitoring. Remarkably, microRNAs (miRNAs)– gene expression regulators seem to play a major role as biomarkers detected in the samples of LB. Particularly, miR-21 and miR-155 among other possible candidates seem to serve as favorable biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of BC. Hence, this review will assess the potential utility of miRNAs as biomarkers and will highlight certain promising candidates for the LB approach in the diagnosis and management of BC that may optimize the patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Liu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dimitri Papukashvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianrong Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Linjie Hu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Nino Rcheulishvili
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqing Lu, ; Jinfeng Ma,
| | - Jinfeng Ma
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoqing Lu, ; Jinfeng Ma,
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Nakagawa A, Nakajima T, Azuma M. Tear miRNA expression analysis reveals miR-203 as a potential regulator of corneal epithelial cells. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34696757 PMCID: PMC8543880 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. They are found within cells and in body fluids. Extracellular miRNAs have been shown to associate with the surrounding tissues. Therefore, we predicted that miRNAs in tears may contribute to regulate corneal epithelial cell function. However, information on the miRNA expression profile of tears is limited and the specific functions of tear miRNAs for corneal epithelial cells are still unknown. To study the role of tear miRNAs, we determined which miRNAs are highly expressed in tears and examined the involvement of miRNAs in corneal epithelial cell viability. Methods miRNAs extracted from monkey tears and sera were subjected to microarray analysis. miRNAs of which expression levels were higher in tears than in sera were selected, and their expression levels were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). To examine miRNA function, mimics and inhibitors of miRNAs were transfected into human corneal epithelial (HCE-T) cells and incubated for 24 or 48 h. After transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors, the viability of HCE-T cells was measured using the water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay, and microarray analysis and qPCR were performed using total RNA extracted from HCE-T cells. siRNAs of the candidate targets for miR-203 were transfected into HCE-T cells and the WST assay was performed. To determine a direct target gene for miR-203, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed in HCE-T cells using a luciferase reporter plasmid containing 3′-UTR of human IGFBP5. Results Microarray and qPCR analyses showed that miR-184 and miR-203 were expressed significantly more highly in tears than in sera (165,542.8- and 567.8-fold, respectively, p < 0.05). Of these two miRNAs, transfection of a miR-203 mimic significantly reduced the viability of HCE-T cells (p < 0.05), while a miR-203 inhibitor significantly increased this viability (p < 0.05). miR-203 mimic downregulated insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) and nuclear casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1), while miR-203 inhibitor upregulated these two genes. Transfection of IGFBP5-siRNA decreased the viability of HCE-T cells. miR-203 mimic significantly diminished the luciferase reporter activity. Conclusions In this study, we identified miRNAs that are highly expressed in tears, and the inhibition of miR-203 increases the viability of corneal epithelial cells. Our results suggest that miR-203 contributes to regulating the homeostasis of corneal epithelial cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12886-021-02141-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Nakagawa
- Central Research Laboratories, Research and Development Division, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakajima
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Azuma
- Senju Laboratory of Ocular Sciences, Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 6-4-3, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
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Narożna M, Rubiś B. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Strategies and the Potential Role of miRNA in the Assessment of COVID-19 Morbidity, Recurrence, and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8663. [PMID: 34445368 PMCID: PMC8395427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have experienced a serious pandemic. Despite significant technological advances in molecular technologies, it is very challenging to slow down the infection spread. It appeared that due to globalization, SARS-CoV-2 spread easily and adapted to new environments or geographical or weather zones. Additionally, new variants are emerging that show different infection potential and clinical outcomes. On the other hand, we have some experience with other pandemics and some solutions in virus elimination that could be adapted. This is of high importance since, as the latest reports demonstrate, vaccine technology might not follow the new, mutated virus outbreaks. Thus, identification of novel strategies and markers or diagnostic methods is highly necessary. For this reason, we present some of the latest views on SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 therapeutic strategies and raise a solution based on miRNA. We believe that in the face of the rapidly increasing global situation and based on analogical studies of other viruses, the possibility of using the biological potential of miRNA technology is very promising. It could be used as a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor, as well as a therapeutic target and tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Narożna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 4 Święcickiego St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Błażej Rubiś
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 49 Przybyszewskiego St., 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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He J, Zhang R, Wang S, Xie L, Yu C, Xu T, Li Y, Yan T. Expression of microRNA-155-5p in patients with refractory diabetic macular edema and its regulatory mechanism. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:975. [PMID: 34335917 PMCID: PMC8290410 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the expression of microRNA (miR)-155-5p in patients with DME and its regulatory mechanism. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with DME and 17 with idiopathic macular hole (MH) were recruited. Among samples from patients with DME, 45 were DME and 27 were refractory DME, whereas patients with idiopathic MH served as the control group. Optical coherence tomography and fundus photograph analysis revealed that part of the retina in the fundus of patients with DME was thickened, with macular edema occurring simultaneously. In refractory patients with DME, macular edema was associated with bleeding and a dark cavity between retinal layers. Through reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis, miR-155-5p was highly expressed in the aqueous humor (AH) and plasma of patients with DME compared with that in patients with MH, and this was even higher in the refractory DME group. Upon analyzing patient clinical data, the difference in miR-155-5p expression in the AH and plasma was positively associated with disease course, body mass index, fasting blood-glucose, glycated hemoglobin, proteinuria and glycosuria. The expression of miR-155-5p was not significantly different based on hemoglobin, intraocular pressure and sex. The aforementioned results indicate that miR-155-5p might promote the development of DME. To further study the molecular mechanism, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were cultured and treated with high glucose in vitro. The results showed that miR-155-5p expression was significantly upregulated in HRMECs induced by high glucose. After inhibiting the expression of miR-155-5p, cell proliferation, angiogenesis and VEGF protein levels were significantly downregulated, whereas miR-155-5p mimics had the opposite effect. In summary, miR-155-5p is closely associated with DME and is a potential target for refractory DME treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen He
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmic Imaging, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Lu Xie
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Chengfeng Yu
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Yanzi Li
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Retinal and Vitreous Diseases, Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
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Jiang L, Cao H, Deng T, Yang M, Meng T, Yang H, Luo X. Serum exosomal miR-377-3p inhibits retinal pigment epithelium proliferation and offers a biomarker for diabetic macular edema. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:3000605211002975. [PMID: 33906524 PMCID: PMC8108084 DOI: 10.1177/03000605211002975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that leads to diabetic retinopathy. Thus far, the role of serum exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in DME progression remains elusive. This study investigated serum exosomal miRNAs from patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and DME to identify miRNAs associated with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pivotal component in DME progression; it also evaluated the diagnostic values of these miRNAs for DME. Methods Serum was collected from patients with T2D who did (n = 20) and did not have DME (n = 24). Exosomes were isolated from serum and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, luciferase reporter, and miRNA profiling analyses. Results VEGF was significantly upregulated in ARPE-19 cells treated with exosomes from patients with T2D and DME, compared with exosomes from patients with T2D alone. Among the top 10 downregulated miRNAs identified during exosomal miRNA profiling, miR-377-3p inhibited the expression of VEGF. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-377-3p could directly regulate VEGF expression. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified serum exosomal miR-377-3p as a potential biomarker for DME. Conclusion Serum exosomal miR-377-3p inhibits VEGF expression to suppress retinal pigment epithelium proliferation and offers a diagnostic biomarker for DME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - He Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tingming Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ting Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huiqin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People's Hospital Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Matarese A, Gambardella J, Sardu C, Santulli G. miR-98 Regulates TMPRSS2 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells: Key Implications for COVID-19. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110462. [PMID: 33143053 PMCID: PMC7693865 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The two main co-factors needed by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to enter human cells are angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Here, we focused on the study of microRNAs that specifically target TMPRSS2. Through a bioinformatic approach, we identified miR-98-5p as a suitable candidate. Since we and others have shown that endothelial cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we mechanistically validated miR-98-5p as a regulator of TMPRSS2 transcription in two different human endothelial cell types, derived from the lung and from the umbilical vein. Taken together, our findings indicate that TMPRSS2 represents a valid target in COVID-19 treatment, which may be achieved by specific non-coding-RNA approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Matarese
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.M.); (J.G.)
- AORN “Antonio Cardarelli”, 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.M.); (J.G.)
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, “Federico II” University, and International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- Department of Medical Sciences, International University of Health and Medical Sciences “S. Camillo”, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein-Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA; (A.M.); (J.G.)
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, “Federico II” University, and International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME), 80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-718-430-3370
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