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Abu Obaid A, Ivandic I, Korsching SI. Deciphering the function of the fifth class of Gα proteins: regulation of ionic homeostasis as unifying hypothesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:213. [PMID: 38727814 PMCID: PMC11087313 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Trimeric G proteins transduce signals from a superfamily of receptors and each G protein controls a wide range of cellular and systemic functions. Their highly conserved alpha subunits fall in five classes, four of which have been well investigated (Gs, Gi, G12, Gq). In contrast, the function of the fifth class, Gv is completely unknown, despite its broad occurrence and evolutionary ancient origin (older than metazoans). Here we show a dynamic presence of Gv mRNA in several organs during early development of zebrafish, including the hatching gland, the pronephros and several cartilage anlagen, employing in situ hybridisation. Next, we generated a Gv frameshift mutation in zebrafish and observed distinct phenotypes such as reduced oviposition, premature hatching and craniofacial abnormalities in bone and cartilage of larval zebrafish. These phenotypes could suggest a disturbance in ionic homeostasis as a common denominator. Indeed, we find reduced levels of calcium, magnesium and potassium in the larvae and changes in expression levels of the sodium potassium pump atp1a1a.5 and the sodium/calcium exchanger ncx1b in larvae and in the adult kidney, a major osmoregulatory organ. Additionally, expression of sodium chloride cotransporter slc12a3 and the anion exchanger slc26a4 is altered in complementary ways in adult kidney. It appears that Gv may modulate ionic homeostasis in zebrafish during development and in adults. Our results constitute the first insight into the function of the fifth class of G alpha proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Abu Obaid
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the University at Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Modern Sciences, The Arab American University, Yousef Asfour Street, Ramallah, Palestine
| | - Ivan Ivandic
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the University at Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sigrun I Korsching
- Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of the University at Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47A, 50674, Cologne, Germany.
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2
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Rao C, Chu F, Fang F, Xiang D, Xian B, Liu X, Bao S, Fang T. Toxic effects and comparison of common amino antioxidants (AAOs) in the environment on zebrafish: A comprehensive analysis based on cells, embryos, and adult fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 924:171678. [PMID: 38485016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquity of amino antioxidants (AAOs) in the environment has attracted increasing attention, given their potential toxicity. This investigation represents a pioneering effort, systematically scrutinizing the toxicological effects of four distinct AAOs across the developmental spectrum of zebrafish, encompassing embryonic, larvae, and adult stages. The results indicate that four types of AAO exhibit varying degrees of cell proliferation toxicity. Although environmentally relevant concentrations of AAOs exhibit a comparatively circumscribed impact on zebrafish embryo development, heightened concentrations (300 μg/L) of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (IPPD) distinctly evoke developmental toxicity. Behavioral analysis results indicate that at concentrations of 20 and 300 μg/L, the majority of AAOs significantly reduced the swimming speed and activity of larvae. Moreover, each AAO triggers the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in larvae, instigating diverse levels of oxidative stress. The study delineates parallel toxicological patterns in zebrafish exposed to 300 μg/L of 6PPD and IPPD, thereby establishing a comparable toxicity profile. The comprehensive toxicity effects among the four AAOs is as follows: IPPD >6PPD > N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamine (PANA) > diphenylamine (DPA). These findings not only enrich our comprehension of the potential hazards associated with AAOs but also provide data support for structure-based toxicity prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Rao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fuhao Chu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Dongfang Xiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bo Xian
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Xiaying Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shaopan Bao
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Tao Fang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Ma DD, Shi WJ, Li SY, Zhang JG, Lu ZJ, Long XB, Liu X, Huang CS, Ying GG. Ephedrine and cocaine cause developmental neurotoxicity and abnormal behavior in zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106765. [PMID: 37979497 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Ephedrine (EPH) and cocaine (COC) are illegal stimulant drugs, and have been frequently detected in aquatic environments. EPH and COC have negative effects on the nervous system and cause abnormal behaviors in mammals and fish at high concentrations, but their mechanisms of neurotoxicity remain unclear in larvae fish at low concentrations. To address this issue, zebrafish embryos were exposed to EPH and COC for 14 days post-fertilization (dpf) at 10, 100, and 1000 ng L-1. The bioaccumulation, development, behavior, cell neurotransmitter levels and apoptosis were detected to investigate the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) of EPH and COC. The results showed that EPH decreased heart rate, while COC increased heart rate. EPH caused cell apoptosis in the brain by AO staining. In addition, behavior analysis indicated that EPH and COC affected spontaneous movement, touch-response, swimming activity and anxiety-like behaviors. EPH and COC altered the levels of the neurotransmitters dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with changes of the transcription of genes related to the DA and GABA pathways. These findings indicated that EPH and COC had noticeable DNT in the early stage of zebrafish at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Ma
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Jun Shi
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
| | - Si-Ying Li
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jin-Ge Zhang
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Lu
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Bing Long
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Chu-Shu Huang
- Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, South China Normal University, University Town, Guangzhou 510006, China; Anti-Drug Technology Center of Guangdong Province and National Anti-Drug Laboratory Guangdong Regional Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Psychoactive Substances Monitoring and Safety, Guangzhou 510230, China.
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Zheng N, Sun X, Shi Y, Chen L, Wang L, Cai H, Han C, Liao T, Yang C, Zuo Z, He C. The valence state of iron-based nanomaterials determines the ferroptosis potential in a zebrafish model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158715. [PMID: 36113792 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many nanomaterials containing different valences of iron have been designed for applications in biomedicine, energy, catalyzers, nanoenzymes, and so on. However, the toxic effects of the valence state of iron in iron-based nanomaterials are still unclear. Here, three different-valence iron-based nanomaterials (nFe@Fe3O4, nFe3O4 and nFe2O3) were synthesized and exposed to zebrafish embryos and mammalian cardiomyocytes. All of them induced ferroptosis along with an increase in valence through iron overload and the Fenton reaction. Specifically, we exposed Tg (cmlc2:EGFP) zebrafish to the three iron-based nanomaterials and found that nFe@Fe3O4 treatments led to enlarged ventricles, while nFe3O4 and nFe2O3 increased atrial size, which was consistent with the results from hematoxylin-eosin staining and in situ hybridization. Moreover, we used ferroptosis inhibitors (ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine) to treat zebrafish along with nanoparticles exposure and found that the cardiac developmental defects caused by nFe3O4 and nFe2O3, but not nFe@Fe3O4, could be completely rescued by ferroptosis inhibitors. We further found that nFe@Fe3O4, rather than nFe3O4 and nFe2O3, reduced the dissolved oxygen in the medium, which resulted in hypoxia and acceleration of heart tube formation and ventricular enlargement, and both were fully rescued by oxygen donors combined with ferroptosis inhibitors. Consistently, these findings were also observed in mammalian cardiomyocytes. In summary, our study demonstrates that the valence state of iron-based nanomaterials determines the ferroptosis potential. Our study also clarifies that high-valence iron-based nanomaterials induce an enlarged atrium via ferroptosis, while low-valence ones increase the ventricular size through both hypoxia and ferroptosis, which is helpful to understand the potential adverse effects of different valences of iron-based nanomaterials on environmental health and assure the responsible and sustainable development of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiaolian Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yiyue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Luheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Luanjin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Haoxing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Changshun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Tingting Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Department of Pediatric, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Duy-Thanh D, Bich-Ngoc N, Van den Bossche F, Lai-Thanh N, Muller M. Discovering Novel Bioactivities of Controversial Food Additives by Means of Simple Zebrafish Embryotoxicity (ZET) Assays. TOXICS 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 36668734 PMCID: PMC9861749 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rising concerns about controversial food additives' potential hazardous properties require extensive yet animal-minimized testing strategies. Zebrafish embryos are the ideal in vivo model representing both human and environmental health. In this study, we exposed zebrafish embryos to eight controversial food additives. Our results indicate that Sodium Benzoate is a Cat.3 aquatic toxicant, while Quinoline Yellow is a strong teratogen. At high concentrations, non-toxic chemicals induced similar phenotypes, suggesting the impact of ionic strength and the applicability of the darkened yolk phenotype as an indicator of nephrotoxicity. Three food additives showed unpredicted bioactivities on the zebrafish embryos: Brilliant Blue could weaken the embryonic yolk, Quinoline Yellow may interfere with nutrient metabolism, and Azorubine induced precocious zebrafish hatching. In conclusion, the zebrafish embryo is ideal for high throughput chemical safety and toxicity screening, allowing systematic detection of biological effects-especially those unexpected by targeted in vitro and in silico models. Additionally, our data suggest the need to reconsider the safety status of food additives Quinoline Yellow, Brilliant Blue, Sodium Benzoate, and other controversial food additives in further studies, as well as pave the way to further applications based on the newly found properties of Brilliant Blue and Azorubine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh Duy-Thanh
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Bich-Ngoc
- LEMA, Urban and Environmental Engineering Department, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - François Van den Bossche
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Nguyen Lai-Thanh
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, VNU University of Science, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Gorito AM, Ribeiro ARL, Rodrigues P, Pereira MFR, Guimarães L, Almeida CMR, Silva AMT. Antibiotics removal from aquaculture effluents by ozonation: chemical and toxicity descriptors. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 218:118497. [PMID: 35537252 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are often applied in aquaculture to prevent fish diseases. These substances can cause disturbances on receiving waters, when not properly eliminated from the aquaculture effluents. In this work, ozone (O3) was investigated as a possible oxidizing agent to remove fishery antibiotics from aquaculture effluents: florfenicol (FF), oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and trimethoprim (TMP). Batch experiments were performed using ultrapure water and aquaculture effluents spiked with a mixture of target antibiotics at relatively high concentrations (10 mg L-1 each). OTC, SMX and TMP were fully removed (< 30 min) regardless of the tested conditions, mainly by O3 direct attack. In contrast, FF was partially removed in 30 min (∼ 10 and 60%, in aquaculture effluents and ultrapure water, respectively), but only in the presence of hydroxyl radicals (HO•), the FF concentrations reaching levels below the detection limits in ultrapure water after 60 min. In the case of SDM, its degradation was highly influenced by the selected water matrix, but with removals always higher than 68%. In continuous-flow experiments applying more environmentally relevant antibiotic concentrations (100 ng L-1 each) and low O3 doses (1.5 mg L-1), ozonation highly removed (> 98%) all tested antibiotics from aquaculture effluents with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 min, except FF (68%). Although by-products were detected in treated samples, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryotoxicity tests did not show a toxicity increase by applying this ozonation treatment. Ozonation is thus a possible solution to remove antibiotics from aquaculture effluents. Still, full-scale studies in aquaculture farms are needed, and generation of HO• may be favoured to readily oxidize the FF antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Gorito
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana R Lado Ribeiro
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - M Fernando R Pereira
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - C Marisa R Almeida
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Adrián M T Silva
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Le N, Hufford TM, Park JS, Brewster RM. Differential expression and hypoxia-mediated regulation of the N-myc downstream regulated gene family. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21961. [PMID: 34665878 PMCID: PMC8573611 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100443r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms rely on oxygen to generate cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate or ATP). During severe hypoxia, the production of ATP decreases, leading to cell damage or death. Conversely, excessive oxygen causes oxidative stress that is equally damaging to cells. To mitigate pathological outcomes, organisms have evolved mechanisms to adapt to fluctuations in oxygen levels. Zebrafish embryos are remarkably hypoxia-tolerant, surviving anoxia (zero oxygen) for hours in a hypometabolic, energy-conserving state. To begin to unravel underlying mechanisms, we analyze here the distribution of the N-myc Downstream Regulated Gene (ndrg) family, ndrg1-4, and their transcriptional response to hypoxia. These genes have been primarily studied in cancer cells and hence little is understood about their normal function and regulation. We show here using in situ hybridization that ndrgs are expressed in metabolically demanding organs of the zebrafish embryo, such as the brain, kidney, and heart. To investigate whether ndrgs are hypoxia-responsive, we exposed embryos to different durations and severity of hypoxia and analyzed transcript levels. We observed that ndrgs are differentially regulated by hypoxia and that ndrg1a has the most robust response, with a ninefold increase following prolonged anoxia. We further show that this treatment resulted in de novo expression of ndrg1a in tissues where the transcript is not observed under normoxic conditions and changes in Ndrg1a protein expression post-reoxygenation. These findings provide an entry point into understanding the role of this conserved gene family in the adaptation of normal cells to hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet Le
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Timothy M. Hufford
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jong S. Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Rachel M. Brewster
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) and Inhibitors of MMPs in the Avian Reproductive System: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158056. [PMID: 34360823 PMCID: PMC8348296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are produced in the mammalian reproductive system and participate in the regulation of its functions. In birds, the limited information available thus far indicates that MMPs are significant regulators of avian ovarian and oviductal functions, too. Some MMPs and inhibitors of MMPs are present in the hen reproductive tissues and their abundances and/or activities change according to the physiological state. The intraovarian role of MMPs likely includes the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during folliculogenesis, follicle atresia, and postovulatory regression. In the oviduct, MMPs are also involved in ECM turnover during oviduct development and regression. This study provides a review of the current knowledge on the presence, activity, and regulation of MMPs in the female reproductive system of birds.
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Post-translational activation of Mmp2 correlates with patterns of active collagen degradation during the development of the zebrafish tail. Dev Biol 2021; 477:155-163. [PMID: 34058190 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (a.k.a. Gelatinase A, or Mmp2 in zebrafish) is known to have roles in pathologies such as arthritis, in which its function is protective, as well as in cancer metastasis, in which it is activated as part of the migration and invasion of metastatic cells. It is also required during development and the regeneration of tissue architecture after wound healing, but its roles in tissue remodelling are not well understood. Gelatinase A is activated post-translationally by proteolytic cleavage, making information about its transcription and even patterns of protein accumulation difficult to relate to biologically relevant activity. Using a transgenic reporter of endogenous Mmp2 activation in zebrafish, we describe its accumulation and post-translational proteolytic activation during the embryonic development of the tail. Though Mmp2 is expressed relatively ubiquitously, it seems to be active only at specific locations and times. Mmp2 is activated robustly in the neural tube and in maturing myotome boundaries. It is also activated in the notochord during body axis straightening, in patches scattered throughout the epidermal epithelium, in the gut, and on cellular protrusions extending from mesenchymal cells in the fin folds. The activation of Mmp2 in the notochord, somite boundaries and fin folds associates with collagen remodelling in the notochord sheath, myotome boundary ECM and actinotrichia respectively. Mmp2 is likely an important effector of ECM remodelling during the morphogenesis of the notochord, a driving structure in vertebrate development. It also appears to function in remodelling the ECM associated with growing epithelia and the maturation of actinotrichia in the fin folds, mediated by mesenchymal cell podosomes.
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