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Torres-Garcia D, García D, Réblová M, Jurjević Ž, Hubka V, Gené J. Diversity and novel lineages of black yeasts in Chaetothyriales from freshwater sediments in Spain. PERSOONIA 2023; 51:194-228. [PMID: 38665982 PMCID: PMC11041900 DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Black yeasts comprise a group of Ascomycota of the order Chaetothyriales with highly variable morphology, a great diversity of ecological niches and life cycles. Despite the ubiquity of these fungi, their diversity in freshwater sediments is still poorly understood. During a survey of culturable Ascomycota from river and stream sediments in various sampling sites in Spain, we obtained 47 isolates of black yeasts by using potato dextrose agar supplemented with cycloheximide. A preliminary morphological study and sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) of the nuclear rDNA revealed that most of the isolates belonged to the family Herpotrichiellaceae. We have confidently identified 30 isolates representing the following species: Capronia pulcherrima, Cladophialophora emmonsii, Exophiala equina, Exophiala pisciphila, Exophiala radicis, and Phialophora americana. However, we encountered difficulty in assigning 17 cultures to any known species within Chaetothyriales. Combining phenotypic and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS, LSU, β-tubulin (tub2) and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene markers, we propose the new genus Aciculomyces in the Herpotrichiellaceae to accommodate the novel species Aciculomyces restrictus. Other novel species in this family include Cladophialophora denticulata, Cladophialophora heterospora, Cladophialophora irregularis, Exophiala candelabrata, Exophiala dehoogii, Exophiala ramosa, Exophiala verticillata and Phialophora submersa. The new species Cyphellophora spiralis, closely related to Cyphellophora suttonii, is described, and the phylogeny of the genus Anthopsis in the family Cyphellophoraceae is discussed. By utilizing these four markers, we were able to strengthen the phylogenetic resolution and provide more robust taxonomic assessments within the studied group. Our findings indicate that freshwater sediments may serve as a reservoir for intriguing black yeasts, which warrant further investigation to address gaps in phylogenetic relationships, particularly within Herpotrichiellaceae. Citation: Torres-Garcia D, García D, Réblová M, et al. 2023. Diversity and novel lineages of black yeasts in Chaetothyriales from freshwater sediments in Spain. Persoonia 51: 194-228. doi: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.51.05.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Torres-Garcia
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IU-RESCAT, Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D. García
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IU-RESCAT, Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M. Réblová
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, Department of Taxonomy, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Cinnaminson, New Jersey, USA
| | - V. Hubka
- Charles University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Prague, Czech Republic
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Gené
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut and IU-RESCAT, Unitat de Micologia i Microbiologia Ambiental, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
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An L, Jia G, Tan J, Yang L, Wang Y, Li L. Analysis of the synergistic antifungal activity of everolimus and antifungal drugs against dematiaceous fungi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1131416. [PMID: 36909734 PMCID: PMC9996166 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1131416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a form of chronic mycosis that affects the skin and mucous membranes and is caused by species of dematiaceous fungi including Exophiala spp., Phialophora spp., and Fonsecaea spp. The persistence of this disease and limitations associated with single-drug treatment have complicated efforts to adequately manage this condition. Methods In this study, a microdilution assay was used to explore the synergistic antifungal activity of everolimus (EVL) in combination with itraconazole (ITC), voriconazole (VRC), posaconazole (POS), and amphotericin B (AMB) against a range of clinical dematiaceous fungal isolates. Results These analyses revealed that the EVL+POS and EVL+ITC exhibited superior in vitro synergistic efficacy, respectively inhibiting the growth of 64% (14/22) and 59% (13/22) of tested strains. In contrast, the growth of just 9% (2/22) of tested strains was inhibited by a combination of EVL+AMB, and no synergistic efficacy was observed for the combination of EVL+VRC. Discussion Overall, these findings indicate that EVL holds promise as a novel drug that can be synergistically combined with extant antifungal drugs to improve their efficacy, thereby aiding in the treatment of CBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu An
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengpei Jia
- Department of General Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianjuan Yang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuemei Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shibei Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li,
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Escudero-Leyva E, Vieto S, Avendaño R, Rojas-Gätjens D, Agüero P, Pacheco C, Montero ML, Chaverri P, Chavarría M. Fungi with history: Unveiling the mycobiota of historic documents of Costa Rica. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279914. [PMID: 36652424 PMCID: PMC9847896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied the physicochemical characteristics and mycobiota associated to five key historic documents from Costa Rica, including the Independence Act of Costa Rica from 1821. We used nondestructive techniques (i.e., ATR-FTIR and XRF) to determine paper and ink composition. Results show that some documents are composed of cotton-based paper, whereas others were made of wood cellulose with an increased lignin content. We also determined that the ink employed in some of the documents is ferrogallic. Cultivation and molecular techniques were used to characterize the fungi inhabiting the documents. In total, 22 fungal isolates were obtained: 15 from the wood-cellulose-based documents and seven from the other three cotton-based. We also tested the cellulolytic activity of the recovered fungi; 95% of the fungi presented cellulolytic activity correlated to their ability to cause deterioration of the paper. Results suggest that cotton-based paper is the most resistant to fungal colonization and that most of the isolates have cellulolytic activity. This work increases the knowledge of the fungal diversity that inhabits historic documents and its relationship with paper composition and provides valuable information to develop strategies to conserve and restore these invaluable documents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Escudero-Leyva
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Sofía Vieto
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Diego Rojas-Gätjens
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Paola Agüero
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Mavis L. Montero
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Priscila Chaverri
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Department of Natural Sciences, Bowie State University, Bowie, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PC); (MC)
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
- Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales (CIPRONA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- Escuela de Química, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
- * E-mail: (PC); (MC)
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Pruvot C, Messagier AL, Garcia-Hermoso D, Lebailly F, Aglae C, Desbois-Nogard N. First case of subcutaneous cystic phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora chinensis in a kidney transplant recipient in Martinique. Med Mycol Case Rep 2022; 39:18-22. [PMID: 36620427 PMCID: PMC9816899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of subcutaneous mycosis in the form of a subcutaneous cyst of the index finger, successfully treated by surgery and posaconazole in an 84-year-old female kidney transplant patient. Intra-operative mycological analysis enabled the diagnosis of Phialophora chinensis phaeohyphomycosis. Phialophora chinensis is an environmental mold recently described in human pathology in cases of chromoblastomycosis. This is the first case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis due to Phialophora chinensis in an immunocompromised patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Pruvot
- Dermatology Department, Pierre-Zobda-Quitman Hospital, CHU Martinique, BP 636, 927261, Fort de France, cedex, Martinique,Corresponding author. Service de dermatologie, CHU Lille, 2 Avenue Oscar Lambret, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Anne Laure Messagier
- Dermatology Department, Pierre-Zobda-Quitman Hospital, CHU Martinique, BP 636, 927261, Fort de France, cedex, Martinique
| | - Dea Garcia-Hermoso
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Fréderic Lebailly
- Orthopedic Surgery Department, Clinique Saint-Paul, 97200, Fort de France, Martinique
| | - Cédric Aglae
- Department of Nephrology, CHU Martinique, BP 636, 927261, Fort de France, cedex, Martinique
| | - Nicole Desbois-Nogard
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Pierre-Zobda-Quitman Hospital, CHU Martinique, BP 636, 927261, Fort de France, cedex, Martinique
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Martini F, Seehusen F, Krudewig C, Beckmann KM, Favrot C, Fischer NM, Guenova E, Rostaher A. Phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora americana in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:446-449. [PMID: 35641851 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis was diagnosed in a 6-year-old, male castrated Dachshund on immunosuppressive treatment. The fungus was identified by culture and PCR as Phialophora americana. This is the first reported case of infection with this pathogen in a dog. The infection was successfully managed medically, without surgical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Martini
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Krudewig
- Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katrin M Beckmann
- Neurology Department, Clinic for Small Animal Surgery, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nina M Fischer
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuella Guenova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Lausanne and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Rostaher
- Dermatology Unit, Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Borrás P, Messina F, Abrantes R, Iachini R, Minatel L, Santiso G. First report of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Phialophora americana in a domestic cat from Argentina. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221077611. [PMID: 35281676 PMCID: PMC8908401 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221077611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 10-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat from Quilmes (Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina) presented at the Infectious Diseases and Parasitology Unit with a hyperpigmented nodule of 5 cm diameter on the nasal plane with a small ulceration of more than 1 year’s evolution. A scaly and hyperpigmented alopecic lesion of 3 cm in diameter was found on the lower edge of the tail. The patient was under immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids for lymphoplasmacytic duodenitis. Samples of the lesion present on the nasal plane were taken under a surgical procedure. In the wet mount preparations, pigmented irregular hyphae were observed. They developed dark colonies when cultured on Sabouraud medium. On micromorphology, structures compatible with Phialophora species were identified. PCR and sequencing of ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) confirmed Phialophora americana as the etiologic agent. A therapeutic scheme that included a combination of itraconazole oral solution (1.5 mg/kg PO q12h) with terbinafine (30 mg/kg PO q24h) was indicated for a period of 10 months. The patient died of complications resulting from its underlying disease. Relevance and novel information As far as the authors are aware, this is the first study to report P americana as an etiologic agent of phaeohyphomycosis in cats. In this case study, the species was identified using molecular tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Borrás
- Infectious Diseases and Parasitology Unit, Panda Veterinary Clinic, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Messina
- Mycology Unit, Francisco Javier Muñiz Infectious Diseases Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Abrantes
- Superficial Mycoses and Mycelial Fungi Service, Mycology Department, INEI ANLIS 'Dr Carlos G Malbrán', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Iachini
- Biochemical and Microbiological Lab, Instituto de Zoonosis 'Luis Pasteur', Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Minatel
- Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Santiso
- Mycology Unit, Francisco Javier Muñiz Infectious Diseases Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Climate Change Impact on Chromoblastomycosis. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reviewing the Etiologic Agents, Microbe-Host Relationship, Immune Response, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Chromoblastomycosis. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9742832. [PMID: 34761009 PMCID: PMC8575639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9742832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a neglected human disease, caused by different species of pigmented dematiaceous fungi that cause subcutaneous infections. This disease has been considered an occupational disease, occurring among people working in the field of agriculture, particularly in low-income countries. In 1914, the first case of CBM was described in Brazil, and although efforts have been made, few scientific and technological advances have been made in this area. In the field of fungi and host cell relationship, a very reduced number of antigens were characterized, but available data suggest that ectoantigens bind to the cell membrane of host cells and modulate the phagocytic, immunological, and microbicidal responses of immune cells. Furthermore, antigens cleave extracellular proteins in tissues, allowing fungi to spread. On the contrary, if phagocytic cells are able to present antigens in MHC molecules to T lymphocytes in the presence of costimulation and IL-12, a Th1 immune response will develop and a relative control of the disease will be observed. Despite knowledge of the resistance and susceptibility in CBM, up to now, no effective vaccines have been developed. In the field of chemotherapy, most patients are treated with conventional antifungal drugs, such as itraconazole and terbinafine, but these drugs exhibit limitations, considering that not all patients heal cutaneous lesions. Few advances in treatment have been made so far, but one of the most promising ones is based on the use of immunomodulators, such as imiquimod. Data about a standard treatment are missing in the medical literature; part of it is caused by the existence of a diversity of etiologic agents and clinical forms. The present review summarizes the advances made in the field of CBM related to the diversity of pathogenic species, fungi and host cell relationship, antigens, innate and acquired immunity, clinical forms of CBM, chemotherapy, and diagnosis.
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