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Piccoli P, Lucini F, Al-Hatmi AMS, Rossato L. Fusariosis in burn patients: A systematic review of case reports. Med Mycol 2024; 62:myae013. [PMID: 38379099 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Burns can cause skin damage, facilitating the entry of fungi and other microorganisms into the body, leading to infections. Fusarium is a fungus capable of infecting individuals with burn injuries. Diagnosing and treating Fusarium infections in burn patients can be challenging due to the manifestation of nonspecific symptoms. This study aims to investigate case reports and case series from published literature describing Fusarium infection in burned patients, in order to assess treatment regimens, clinical outcomes, and make recommendations for future management. We conducted searches on Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Medline for all case reports and case series containing keywords 'Burn', 'Burns', 'Burned', 'Fusarium', or 'Fusariosis' in the title or abstract. All burn patients who developed Fusarium fungal infections between January 1974 and March 2023 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed retrospectivity. The final analysis incorporates 24 case reports encompassing a total of 87 burn patients with Fusarium infection. Patient ages ranged from one to 85 years, with the majority being male (53%). The median percentage of burn surface area was 78%, and the skin in the face, upper limbs, and lower limbs were the most commonly infected sites. Fungal infections appeared around 10 days after the burn injury on average. The majority of the patients were identified through culture or histopathology. The Fusarium dimerum species complex, which was found in nine patients, was the most frequently identified Fusarium species complex. Amphotericin B was the most preferred treatment drug, followed by voriconazole, and 62% of patients underwent debridement. In our study, 23 patients (37%) died from fungal infections. Implementing early and effective treatment protocols targeting Fusarium spp. in burn treatment units can significantly reduce mortality rates. It is critical to enhance the understanding of fusariosis epidemiology and emphasize the importance of maintaining a high clinical suspicion for this condition in burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Piccoli
- Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde-FCS, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Lucini
- Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde-FCS, Brazil
| | | | - Luana Rossato
- Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde-FCS, Brazil
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Shahbaz M, Seelan JSS, Abasi F, Fatima N, Mehak A, Raza MU, Raja NI, Proćków J. Nanotechnology for controlling mango malformation: a promising approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38344816 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2312449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruit crops in the world with yields of approximately 40 million tons annually and its production continues to decrease every year as a result of the attack of certain pathogens i.e. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Erythricium salmonicolor, Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus clypealis, Idioscopus nitidulus, Bactrocera obliqua, Bactrocera frauenfeldi, Xanthomonas campestris, and Fusarium mangiferae. So F. mangiferae is the most harmful pathogen that causes mango malformation disease in mango which decreases its 90% yield. Nanotechnology is an eco-friendly and has a promising effect over traditional methods to cure fungal diseases. Different nanoparticles possess antifungal potential in terms of controlling the fungal diseases in plants but applications of nanotechnology in plant disease managements is minimal. The main focus of this review is to highlight the previous and current strategies to control mango malformation and highlights the promising applications of nanomaterials in combating mango malformation. Hence, the present review aims to provide brief information on the disease and effective management strategies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathiya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation (ITBC), Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Fozia Abasi
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Noor Fatima
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Mehak
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Raza
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Iqbal Raja
- Department of Botany, P MAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jarosław Proćków
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Sudhaharan S, Pamidimukkala U, Singh KN, Chavali P. Clinical spectrum of fusariosis from a tertiary care center in India- a retrospective study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:145-150. [PMID: 38682054 PMCID: PMC11055442 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Fusarium spp. is an emerging pathogen that presents with varied clinical presentations but there are very few studies from India that elaborate on the spectrum of infection caused by the fungus. Hence, the present study was conducted in our institute to understand the clinical spectrum of fusariosis. Materials and Methods The present study was a retrospective study conducted at a tertiary care institute, in Hyderabad, Telangana, India for four years from January 2018 to December 2022. All the patients with clinically significant isolation of Fusarium spp. from various samples were included in the study. Results There were 25 cases of fusariosis diagnosed during the study period. Fusarium was isolated predominantly from debrided tissue following road traffic accidents in 12/25 (84%) of the cases, nails in 3/25 (12%) and superficial leg ulcer in 1/25 (4%) of the cases. Speciation was done for four patients. Three were Fusarium incarnatum and one was Fusarium solani. The patients were treated surgically and with/without antifungal therapy and were discharged in a stable condition. Conclusion Traumatic injuries were the major cause of infections in the present study. As Fusarium is a virulent and highly resistant pathogen, an early suspicion and an appropriate diagnosis would lead to a better outcome in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Sudhaharan
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Umabala Pamidimukkala
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kumari Neha Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Padmasri Chavali
- Department of Microbiology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Daae HL, Graff P, Foss OAH, Kofoed VC, Afanou AK, Frederiksen MW, Madsen AM. A cross-sectional study on occupational exposure to microorganisms, endotoxin, hydrogen sulfide, and dust during work at drilling waste treatment plants. Ann Work Expo Health 2024; 68:58-77. [PMID: 37995292 PMCID: PMC10773208 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aims to obtain knowledge about workers' exposure to airborne dust, bacterial and fungal species, endotoxin, biofilm formation, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in drilling waste treatment plants. In total, 408 full-shift personal samples, 66 work areas, 40 drilling waste, and reference (outdoor air and seawater) samples were analyzed. Some workers were exposed to high levels of endotoxin (207 EU/m3), bacteria (3.8 × 104 colony forming units (CFU)/m3 and 9.8 × 104 DNA copies/m3), or fungi (1.4 × 107 CFU/m3 and 3,600 copies/m3). The exposure levels to endotoxin, bacteria, and peaks of H2S were dependent on the treatment technique. All types of drilling waste contained large concentrations of bacteria compared to the seawater references. Elevated concentrations of airborne bacteria were found close to drilling waste basins. In total, 116, 146, and 112 different bacterial species were found in workers' exposure, work areas, and the drilling waste, respectively. An overlap in bacterial species found in the drilling waste and air (personal and work area) samples was found. Of the bacterial species found, 49 are classified as human pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Klebsiella oxytoca. In total, 44 fungal species were found in the working environment, and 6 of these are classified as human pathogens such as Aspergillus fumigatus. In conclusion, across the drilling waste treatment plants, human pathogens were present in the drilling waste, and workers' exposure was affected by the drilling waste treated at the plants with elevated exposure to endotoxin and bacteria. Elevated exposure was related to working as apprentices or chemical engineers, and working with cleaning, or slop water, and working in the daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Line Daae
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Gydas vei 8, Majorstuen, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Graff
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Gydas vei 8, Majorstuen, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Oda Astrid Haarr Foss
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Gydas vei 8, Majorstuen, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Victor Carp Kofoed
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Department of Chemistry and Microbiology, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anani Komlavi Afanou
- National Institute of Occupational Health (STAMI), Department of Chemistry and Toxicology, Gydas vei 8, Majorstuen, 0363 Oslo, Norway
| | - Margit Wagtberg Frederiksen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Department of Chemistry and Microbiology, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anne Mette Madsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Department of Chemistry and Microbiology, Lersø Parkallé 105, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Haghani I, Hedayati MT, Shokohi T, Kermani F, Ghazanfari M, Javidnia J, Khojasteh S, Roohi B, Badali H, Fathi M, Amirizad K, Yahyazadeh Z, Abastabar M, Al-Hatmi AMS. Onychomycosis due to Fusarium species in different continents, literature review on diagnosis and treatment. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13652. [PMID: 37605217 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium species are an emerging cause of onychomycosis, and the number of cases has dramatically increased in recent decades worldwide. This review presents an overview of the onychomycosis cases caused by Fusarium species and diagnosis and treatment that have been reported in the literature. The most common causative agent of onychomycosis is F. solani species complex, which accounts for 11.68% of the cases of Fusarium onychomycosis, followed by the F. oxysporum species complex (164 out of 1669), which is accounted for 9.83% of the total. F. fujikuroi species complex (42 out of 1669) and F. dimerum species complex (7 out of 1669) are responsible for 2.52% and 0.42 cases, respectively. Fusarium nail infections were reported in patients aged range 1-98, accounting for 5.55% (1669 out of 30082) of all cases. Asia has the highest species diversity of Fusarium onychomycosis (31.51%). South America accounts for 21.09%, and the most common causative agent is F. solani (19.32%), followed by F. oxysporum species complex (15.63%). Europe accounts for 4.90% of cases caused by F. oxysporum, followed by F. solani. Africa accounts for 23.87% of the cases due to the F. solani species complex, followed by F. oxysporum and F. fujikuroi. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis was the most common clinical symptom accounting for 58.7% (135 out of 230) of the cases. Data analysis relieved that terbinafine and itraconazole are active treatments for Fusarium onychomycosis. For a definitive diagnosis, combining of direct examination, culture and sequencing of the elongation factor of translation 1α are recommended. Accurate identification of the causative agents of onychomycosis due to Fusarium species and antifungal susceptibility testing is essential in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Kermani
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mona Ghazanfari
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Khojasteh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Behrad Roohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Fungus Testing Laboratory & Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Maryam Fathi
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Amirizad
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Yahyazadeh
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Department of Biological Sciences & Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
- Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Invasive fusariosis is a serious invasive fungal disease, affecting immunocompetent and, more frequently, immunocompromised patients. Localized disease is the typical clinical form in immunocompetent patients. Immunocompromised hosts at elevated risk of developing invasive fusariosis are patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapeutic regimens for remission induction, and those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant. In this setting, the infection is usually disseminated with positive blood cultures, multiple painful metastatic skin lesions, and lung involvement. Currently available antifungal agents have poor in vitro activity against Fusarium species, but a clear-cut correlation between in vitro activity and clinical effectiveness does not exist. The outcome of invasive fusariosis is largely dependent on the resolution of immunosuppression, especially neutrophil recovery in neutropenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Nucci
- University Hospital, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Grupo Oncoclínicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elias Anaissie
- CTI Clinical Trial and Consulting, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Koh XQ, Pan JY. Recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections-A growing problem. Australas J Dermatol 2023; 64:315-321. [PMID: 37387447 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of recalcitrant cutaneous fungal infections is on the rise. Terbinafine-resistant Trichophyton has not only been widespread in India, but has also been reported in countries spread throughout the globe. Strains of yeasts such as Malassezia and Candida, which exist both as commensals and as pathogens to the human skin, have also been found to develop resistance to antifungals. Non-dermatophyte moulds which can colonize and infect damaged nails are especially difficult to treat, not only due to resistance, but also because of poor drug penetration of hard keratin. Psychosocial factors such as the indiscriminate broad-spectrum antifungal use in agriculture and in medicine, and poor adherence to hygienic measures to break the chain of infection contribute to the development of antifungal resistance. Such environments encourage fungi to develop various resistance mechanisms to withstand antifungal treatment. These include: (a) alteration of the drug target, (b) increasing efflux of drug/metabolites, (c) inactivation of drug, (d) bypass mechanisms or substitution of the pathway affected by the drug, (e) stress adaptation mechanisms and (f) biofilm formation. Understanding of such mechanisms and how they arise are crucial for development of new ways to prevent or overcome resistance. Novel antifungal treatments have recently been approved in the United States of America for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Ibrexafungerp (enfumafungin derivative) and oteseconazole (tetrazole) differ from their respective related drug classes of echinocandins and triazoles by having different structures, which lend these medicines advantage compared to traditional treatment by having a different binding site and more selectivity for fungi respectively. Other drugs designed to circumvent the known mechanisms of antifungal resistance are also at various phases of development. Concurrent measures at an institutional and individual level to address and limit inappropriate antifungal use to reduce development of antifungal resistance should be undertaken in a concerted effort to address this epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Qi Koh
- Division of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Jiun Yit Pan
- Division of Dermatology, National Skin Centre, Singapore City, Singapore
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Lu LY, Ou JH, Hui RCY, Chuang YH, Fan YC, Sun PL. High Diversity of Fusarium Species in Onychomycosis: Clinical Presentations, Molecular Identification, and Antifungal Susceptibility. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050534. [PMID: 37233245 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium are uncommon but important pathogenic organisms; they cause non-dermatophyte mould (NDM) onychomycosis. Patients typically respond poorly to treatment owing to Fusarium's native resistance to multiple antifungal drugs. However, epidemiological data for Fusarium onychomycosis are lacking in Taiwan. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 84 patients with positive Fusarium nail sample cultures at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch between 2014 and 2020. We aimed to investigate the clinical presentations, microscopic and pathological characteristics, antifungal susceptibility, and species diversity of Fusarium in patients with Fusarium onychomycosis. We enrolled 29 patients using the six-parameter criteria for NDM onychomycosis to determine the clinical significance of Fusarium in these patients. All isolates were subjected to species identification by sequences and molecular phylogeny. A total of 47 Fusarium strains belonging to 13 species in four different Fusarium species complexes (with Fusarium keratoplasticum predominating) were isolated from 29 patients. Six types of histopathology findings were specific to Fusarium onychomycosis, which may be useful for differentiating dermatophytes from NDMs. The results of drug susceptibility testing showed high variation among species complexes, and efinaconazole, lanoconazole, and luliconazole showed excellent in vitro activity for the most part. This study's primary limitation was its single-centre retrospective design. Our study showed a high diversity of Fusarium species in diseased nails. Fusarium onychomycosis has clinical and pathological features distinct from those of dermatophyte onychomycosis. Thus, careful diagnosis and proper pathogen identification are essential in the management of NDM onychomycosis caused by Fusarium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai-Ying Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology and Aesthetic Medicine Center, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung 412224, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Hao Ou
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Rosaline Chung-Yee Hui
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chuang
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chen Fan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
- Research Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan
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Ngo TMC, Nu PAT, Cao LC, Ha TNT, Do TBT, Thi GT. A case of onychomycosis caused by a terbinafine-susceptible Fusarium solani in Vietnam. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 14:932-936. [PMID: 36721449 PMCID: PMC9867615 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v14i6.11269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are the common onychomycosis pathogens in non-dermatophyte molds, and are considered resistant to many antifungal agents. We reported onychomycosis of the fingernail caused by Fusarium solani in Vietnam. The minimum inhibitory concentration of terbinafine against the tested isolate was 1μg/ml, which was the lowest of all antimycotic agents. The patient was successfully treated with a daily dose of 250mg terbinafine for two months, and no recurrence occurred after a one-year follow-up. Antifungal susceptibility testing is recommended in Fusarium onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Minh Chau Ngo
- Corresponding author: Thi Minh Chau Ngo, MD, Ph.D, Department of Parasitology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Viet Nam. Tel: +84983863426
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Metagenomics of Toenail Onychomycosis in Three Victorian Regions of Australia. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111198. [DOI: 10.3390/jof8111198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Onychomycosis is a fungal disease of the nail that is found worldwide and is difficult to diagnose accurately. This study used metagenomics to investigate the microbiology of 18 clinically diagnosed mycotic nails and two normal nails for fungi and bacteria using the ITS2 and 16S loci. Four mycotic nails were from Bass Coast, six from Melbourne Metropolitan and eight from Shepparton, Victoria, Australia. The mycotic nails were photographed and metagenomically analysed. The ITS2 sequences for T. rubrum and T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes averaged over 90% of hits in 14/18 nails. The high abundance of sequences of a single dermatophyte, compared to all other fungi in a single nail, made it the most likely infecting agents (MLIA). Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes were found in Bass Coast and Shepparton while only T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes was found in Melbourne. Two nails with T. interdigitale/mentagrophytes mixed with high abundance non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs) (Aspergillus versicolor, Acremonium sclerotigenum) were also observed. The two control nails contained chiefly Fusarium oxysporum and Malassezia slooffiae. For bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis was in every nail and was the most abundant, including the control nails, with an overall mean rate of 66.01%. Rothia koreensis, Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum, and Brevibacterium sediminis also featured.
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