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Zhang H, Chen Z, Yu Z, Tang L, Gao W, Lu X, Yang J. Magnaporthe-Unique Gene MUG1 Is Important for Fungal Appressorial Penetration, Invasive Hyphal Extension, and Virulence in Rice Blast Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:511. [PMID: 39194837 DOI: 10.3390/jof10080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Species-unique genes that encode specific proteins and have no homologs in other species play certain roles in the evolution of species and adaptations to external environments. Nevertheless, the biological roles of unique genes in plant pathogenic fungi remain largely unknown. Here, four Magnaporthe-unique genes (MUG1-MUG4), which were highly expressed during the early infection stages, were functionally characterized in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Subcellular localization assays revealed that Mug1, Mug2, and Mug4 were localized to the cytoplasm and that Mug3 was localized into the nuclei. Furthermore, through gene knockout and phenotypic analysis, only MUG1 was found to be indispensable for fungal virulence and conidiation. Detailed microscopic analysis revealed that the deletion mutants of MUG1 clearly exhibited reduced appressorial turgor pressure and invasive hyphal development. Taken together, our findings indicate that the Magnaporthe-unique gene MUG1 plays a vital role in infection-related morphogenesis and virulence in rice blast fungi and suggest the specific and important roles of species-unique genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zechen Yu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liu Tang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenqiang Gao
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xunli Lu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Yang
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- MARA Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Xiao K, Liu L, He R, Rollins JA, Li A, Zhang G, He X, Wang R, Liu J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Pan H. The Snf5-Hsf1 transcription module synergistically regulates stress responses and pathogenicity by maintaining ROS homeostasis in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1794-1812. [PMID: 38135652 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex is guided to the promoters of designated genes by its co-operator to activate transcription in a timely and appropriate manner to govern development, pathogenesis, and stress responses in fungi. Nevertheless, knowledge of the complexes and their co-operator in phytopathogenic fungi is still fragmented. We demonstrate that the heat shock transcription factor SsHsf1 guides the SWI/SNF complex to promoters of heat shock protein (hsp) genes and antioxidant enzyme genes using biochemistry and pharmacology. This is accomplished through direct interaction with the complex subunit SsSnf5 under heat shock and oxidative stress. This results in the activation of their transcription and mediates histone displacement to maintain reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis. Genetic results demonstrate that the transcription module formed by SsSnf5 and SsHsf1 is responsible for regulating morphogenesis, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, especially by directly activating the transcription of hsp genes and antioxidant enzyme genes counteracting plant-derived ROS. Furthermore, we show that stress-induced phosphorylation of SsSnf5 is necessary for the formation of the transcription module. This study establishes that the SWI/SNF complex and its co-operator cooperatively regulate the transcription of hsp genes and antioxidant enzyme genes to respond to host and environmental stress in the devastating phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunqin Xiao
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ling Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ruonan He
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jeffrey A Rollins
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Anmo Li
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Guiping Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaoyue He
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xianghui Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
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