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De SK. Recent Discovery of Peptidomimetics for the Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19), Human Coronavirus, and Enteroviruses. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1289-1295. [PMID: 37143268 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230504150758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This patent describes the synthesis of compounds, methods, and compositions for preventing, treating, and/or curing Covid-19, human coronavirus, and enterovirus infections. Some peptidomimetic compounds are very potent and could be a game changer in new treatment therapy for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya K De
- Department of Chemistry, Conju-Probe, San Diego, California, USA
- Bharath University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600126, India
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Alhoufie ST, Ibrahim NA, Alsharif NH, Alfarouk KO, Makhdoom HM, Aljabri KR, Saeed SH, Khoumaeys AA, Almutawif YA, Najim MA, Ali HM, Aljifri AA, Kheyami AM, Alhazmi AA. Seroprevalence of community-acquired atypical bacterial pneumonia among adult COVID-19 patients from a single center in Al Madinah Al Munawarah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:1000-1006. [PMID: 36104051 PMCID: PMC9987659 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.9.20220379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the seroprevalence of the community-acquired bacterial that causes atypical pneumonia among confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) patients. METHODS In this cohort study, we retrospectively investigated the seroprevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Legionella pneumophila among randomly selected 189 confirmed COVID-19 patients at their time of hospital presentation via commercial immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies against these bacteria. We also carried out quantitative measurements of procalcitonin in patients' serum. RESULTS The seropositivity for L. pneumophila was 12.6%, with significant distribution among patientsolder than 50 years (χ2 test, p=0.009), while those of M. pneumoniae was 6.3% and C. pneumoniae was 2.1%, indicating an overall co-infection rate of 21% among COVID-19 patients. No significant difference (χ2 test, p=0.628) in the distribution of bacterial co-infections existed between male and female patients. Procalcitonin positivity was confirmed amongst 5% of co-infected patients. CONCLUSION Our study documented the seroprevalence of community-acquired bacteria co-infection among COVID-19 patients. In this study, procalcitonin was an inconclusive biomarker for non-severe bacterial co-infections among COVID-19 patients. Consideration and proper detection of community-acquired bacterial co-infection may minimize misdiagnosis during the current pandemic and positively reflect disease management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari T Alhoufie
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nadir A Ibrahim
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Naif H Alsharif
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khalid O Alfarouk
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hatim M Makhdoom
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Khaled R Aljabri
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sayed H Saeed
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Adnan A Khoumaeys
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Yahya A Almutawif
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Mustafa A Najim
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hamza M Ali
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alanoud A Aljifri
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Ali M Kheyami
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Areej A Alhazmi
- From the Medical Laboratories Technology Department (Alhoufie, Ibrahim, Makhdoom, Almutawif, Najim, Ali, Alhazmi), College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University; from the Department of Medical laboratory,(Alsharif, Saeed, Aljabri, khoumaeys) king Salman Medical City, Al Madinah General hospital, from Al-Madinah Health Cluster(Aljifri and Kheyami, Ministry of Health Madinah Al Munwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; and from the Institute of Endemic Diseases (Alfarouk), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Gougis P, Abbar B, Benzimra J, Vozy A, Spano JP, Campedel L. Reversible Tumor Progression Induced by a Dexamethasone Course for Severe COVID-19 during Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081933. [PMID: 36010283 PMCID: PMC9406741 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent the latest revolution in oncology. Several studies have reported an association between the use of corticosteroids and poorer outcomes for patients treated with ICIs. However, it has been never established whether corticoid-induced tumor progression under ICI treatment could be reversible. We report herein transient tumor progression induced by dexamethasone for a patient treated with pembrolizumab for metastatic bladder cancer. An 82-year-old man was treated with pembrolizumab as a second-line treatment for metastatic urothelial carcinoma with stable disease for 8 months as the best tumoral response. He experienced severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and was treated with high-dose dexamethasone for ten days according to the RECOVERY protocol. Following this episode, radiological CT-scan evaluation showed tumor progression. Pembrolizumab was maintained, and subsequent radiological evaluation showed tumor shrinkage. This case highlights that the antagonistic effect of glucocorticoids with ICI efficacy is transient and can be reverted when corticoids are withdrawn. Clinicians should be aware that tumor progression in the context of the intercurrent use of systemic corticosteroids can be temporary and should be interpreted with caution, and ICI continuation could be considered for some patients. Insights: The antagonistic effect of glucocorticoids with ICI efficacy is transient and can be reverted when corticoids are withdrawn. Tumor progression in the context of the intercurrent use of systemic corticosteroids can be temporary and should be interpreted with caution, and ICI continuation could be considered for some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gougis
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, CLIP Galilée, 75013 Paris, France
- Residual Tumor & Response to Treatment Laboratory, RT2Lab, INSERM, U932 Immunity and Cancer, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Baptiste Abbar
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, CLIP Galilée, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Julie Benzimra
- Sorbonne Université, Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Aurore Vozy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, CLIP Galilée, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, CLIP Galilée, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Luca Campedel
- Service d’Oncologie Médicale, CHU Gabriel Montpied, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-473751635; Fax: +33-473751636
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Hassan AE, Fahmy MM, Sherif DE, Habib EM, Ahmed MH, Nosair NA, Farahat N. Prognostic significance of complement factors in severely ill patients with COVID-19. J Investig Med 2022; 70:1466-1471. [PMID: 35940732 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2021-002224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coagulopathy, cytokine release, platelet hyperactivity and endothelial activation are regarded as potential major contributors to COVID-19 morbidity. Complement activation might provide a bridge linking these factors in severe COVID-19 illness. In this study, we investigated the prognostic significance of selected complement factors in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 infection. The study included 300 hospitalized adults with severe COVID-19 infection. Complement factors (C3, C3a, C4, sC5b-9) were assessed by commercial ELISA kits. Outcome parameters included mortality, intensive care unit admission and duration of hospital stay. It was found that survivors had significantly higher serum C3 (median (IQR): 128.5 (116.3-141.0) mg/dL vs 98.0 (70.0-112.8) mg/dL, p<0.001) and C4 (median (IQR): 36.0 (30.0-42.0) mg/dL vs 31.0 (26.0-35.0) mg/dL, p<0.001) levels when compared with non-survivors. On the other hand, it was shown that survivors had significantly lower C3a (median (IQR): 203.0 (170.3-244.0) ng/mL vs 385.0 (293.0-424.8) ng/mL, p<0.001) and sC5b-9 (median (IQR): 294.0 (242.0-318.8) ng/mL vs 393.0 (342.0-436.5) ng/mL, p<0.001) levels when compared with non-survivors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified C3a (OR: 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99), p<0.001) and C4 (OR: 0.92 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.98), p=0.011) levels as significant predictors of mortality. In conclusion, serum levels of complement factors are related to mortality in severely ill patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E Hassan
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mai M Fahmy
- Clinical Pathology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Dalia E Sherif
- Clinical Pathology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Eman M Habib
- Clinical Pathology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Ahmed
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Nosair
- Clinical Pathology Department, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Nahla Farahat
- Clinical Pathology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Doan LH, Chu LW, Huang ZY, Nguyen AT, Lee CY, Huang CL, Chang YF, Hsieh WY, Nguyen TTH, Lin CH, Su CL, Chuang TH, Lai JM, Wang FS, Yang CJ, Liu HK, Ping YH, Huang CYF. Virofree, an Herbal Medicine-Based Formula, Interrupts the Viral Infection of Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:905197. [PMID: 35860023 PMCID: PMC9289459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.905197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a threat with the emergence of new variants, especially Delta and Omicron, without specific effective therapeutic drugs. The infection causes dysregulation of the immune system with a cytokine storm that eventually leads to fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and further irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, the promising way to inhibit infection is to disrupt the binding and fusion between the viral spike and the host ACE2 receptor. A transcriptome-based drug screening platform has been developed for COVID-19 to explore the possibility and potential of the long-established drugs or herbal medicines to reverse the unique genetic signature of COVID-19. In silico analysis showed that Virofree, an herbal medicine, reversed the genetic signature of COVID-19 and ARDS. Biochemical validations showed that Virofree could disrupt the binding of wild-type and Delta-variant spike proteins to ACE2 and its syncytial formation via cell-based pseudo-typed viral assays, as well as suppress binding between several variant recombinant spikes to ACE2, especially Delta and Omicron. Additionally, Virofree elevated miR-148b-5p levels, inhibited the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Mpro), and reduced LPS-induced TNF-α release. Virofree also prevented cellular iron accumulation leading to ferroptosis which occurs in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Furthermore, Virofree was able to reduce pulmonary fibrosis-related protein expression levels in vitro. In conclusion, Virofree was repurposed as a potential herbal medicine to combat COVID-19. This study highlights the inhibitory effect of Virofree on the entry of Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2, which have not had any effective treatments during the emergence of the new variants spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Hien Doan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Li-Wei Chu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zi-Yi Huang
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anh Thuc Nguyen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan National Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Lee
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ling Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Wen-Yu Hsieh
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine (NRICM), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Trang Thi Huyen Nguyen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Li Su
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Mei Lai
- Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- Division of Basic Chinese Medicine, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine (NRICM), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in the Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hui-Kang Liu, ; Yueh-Hsin Ping, ; Chi-Ying F. Huang,
| | - Yueh-Hsin Ping
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biophotonics, College of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hui-Kang Liu, ; Yueh-Hsin Ping, ; Chi-Ying F. Huang,
| | - Chi-Ying F. Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taiwan National Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Academia Sinica, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Hui-Kang Liu, ; Yueh-Hsin Ping, ; Chi-Ying F. Huang,
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Alhoufie ST, Alfarouk KO, Makhdoom HM, Ibrahim NA. Low prevalence of community-acquired influenza coinfections among COVID-19 patients in Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:752-756. [PMID: 35714396 PMCID: PMC9188114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coinfections with respiratory viruses among SARS CoV-2 patients have been reported by several studies during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Most of these studies designated these coinfections as being hospital-acquired infections; however, there is inadequate knowledge about community-acquired respiratory coinfections among SARS CoV-2 patients. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated the seroprevalence of influenza A, influenza B, and parainfluenza-2 among newly hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections (n = 163). The study was conducted during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia (from April to October 2020). The patients’ serum samples were subjected to commercial immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody tests against the three aforementioned viruses. Results Seropositivity for influenza A and B and parainfluenza-2 occurred only in 4.2% (7/163) of COVID-19 patients, indicating simultaneous acute infections of these three viruses with SARS CoV-2 infection. All coinfection cases were mild and misdiagnosed during the care period in the hospital. Conclusion This study highlights the low prevalence of community-acquired respiratory infections among COVID-19 patients in the current pandemic and we discussed the possible factors for this finding. During newly emerging epidemics or pandemics, considering other respiratory viruses circulating in the community is essential to avoid their misdiagnosis and account for their possible negative effects on pandemic disease management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari T Alhoufie
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid O Alfarouk
- Zamzam Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum, Sudan; Alfarouk Biomedical Research LLC, 33617 Temple Terrace, Florida, USA
| | - Hatim M Makhdoom
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadier A Ibrahim
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al- Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
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An Elderly COVID-19 Patient with Community-Acquired Legionella and Mycoplasma Coinfections: A Rare Case Report. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9111598. [PMID: 34828643 PMCID: PMC8625241 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and other respiratory pathogens is a real challenge for health care systems in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and management. Most of the reported bacterial coinfections among SARS-CoV-2 patients are hospital-acquired infections that occurred after several days of hospitalization. Little is known about the incidence of community-acquired atypical bacterial coinfections with SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we report on a rare case of an elderly SARS-CoV-2 patient with underdiagnosed bacterial coinfections who received care in the medical ward for 23 days then was discharged home. Retrospective serological investigation revealed positivity for Legionella pneumophila and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, indicating double community-acquired atypical bacterial coinfections that were in agreement with clinical manifestations that patients showed at his admission to the hospital. Screening for possible community-acquired respiratory co-pathogens among elderly SARS-CoV-2 patients is critical for effective treatment and management.
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Alhoufie ST, Alsharif NH, Alfarouk KO, Ibrahim NA, Kheyami AM, Aljifri AA. COVID-19 with underdiagnosed influenza B and parainfluenza-2 co-infections in Saudi Arabia: Two case reports. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:1567-1570. [PMID: 34627054 PMCID: PMC8442300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging of the COVID-19 pandemic is currently challenging for the public health system globally. Beyond SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity, co-infections with recycling respiratory pathogens, whether bacterial, viral, or fungal, might increase disease symptoms, morbidity, and mortality. In this study, we reported two COVID-19 cases in the early phase of the virus spread in Saudi Arabia with underdiagnosed respiratory viruses’ co-infections, influenza B and Parainfluenza-2, detected retrospectively. Fortunately, both patients recovered and were discharged home. Underestimation of co-infection among COVID19 patients might lead to hospital stay prolongation and increases morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is crucial to consider and screen for co-infecting pathogens among COVID-19 patients and those with risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari T Alhoufie
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif H Alsharif
- King Salman Medical City, Al-Madinah General Hospital Laboratory Dept, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid O Alfarouk
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Nadier A Ibrahim
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Kheyami
- Al-Madinah Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
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