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Kamal R, Awasthi A, Paul P, Mir MS, Singh SK, Dua K. Novel drug delivery systems in colorectal cancer: Advances and future prospects. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 262:155546. [PMID: 39191194 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is an abnormal proliferation of cells within the colon and rectum, leading to the formation of polyps and disruption of mucosal functions. The disease development is influenced by a combination of factors, including inflammation, exposure to environmental mutagens, genetic alterations, and impairment in signaling pathways. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are often used but have limitations, including poor solubility and permeability, treatment resistance, side effects, and post-surgery issues. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) have emerged as a superior alternative, offering enhanced drug solubility, precision in targeting cancer cells, and regulated drug release. Thereby addressing the shortcomings of conventional therapies and showing promise for more effective CRC management. The present review sheds light on the pathogenesis, signaling pathways, biomarkers, conventional treatments, need for NDDS, and application of NDDS against CRC. Additionally, clinical trials, ongoing clinical trials, marketed formulations, and patents on CRC are also covered in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kamal
- Department of Quality Assurance, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab 142001, India; Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, PCTE Group of Institute, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad Shabab Mir
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab 147301, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Ren G, Zheng G, Du K, Dang Z, Dan H, Dou X, Duan L, Xie Z, Niu L, Tian Y, Zheng J, Feng F. Prognostic value of dynamic changes of pre- and post-operative tumor markers in colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:2047-2059. [PMID: 38453817 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) prognosis assessment is vital for personalized treatment plans. This study investigates the prognostic value of dynamic changes of tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, CA125, and AFP before and after surgery and constructs prediction models based on these indicators. METHODS A retrospective clinical study of 2599 CRC patients who underwent radical surgery was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into training (70%) and validation (30%) datasets. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified independent prognostic factors, and nomograms were constructed. RESULTS A total of 2599 CRC patients were included in the study. Patients were divided into training (70%, n = 1819) and validation (30%, n = 780) sets. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified age, total number of resected lymph nodes, T stage, N stage, the preoperative and postoperative changes in the levels of CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 as independent prognostic factors. When their postoperative levels are normal, patients with elevated preoperative levels have significantly worse overall survival. However, when the postoperative levels of CEA/CA19-9/CA125 are elevated, whether their preoperative levels are elevated or not has no significance for prognosis. Two nomogram models were developed, and Model I, which included CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 groups, demonstrated the best performance in both training and validation sets. CONCLUSION This study highlights the significant predictive value of dynamic changes in tumor markers CEA, CA19-9, and CA125 before and after CRC surgery. Incorporating these markers into a nomogram prediction model improves prognostic accuracy, enabling clinicians to better assess patients' conditions and develop personalized treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force 986(Th) Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gaozan Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kunli Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangfeng Dang
- Department of General Surgery, Air Force 986(Th) Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hanjun Dan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Dou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Duan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liaoran Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyong Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Chen W, Huang D, Su X, Su Y, Li S. Bioinformatics analysis and identification of cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs in colorectal cancer. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241274563. [PMID: 39188141 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241274563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identifying precise biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection and management remains challenging. Here, we developed an innovative prognostic model for CRC using cuproptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). METHODS In this retrospective study, CRC patient transcriptomic and clinical data were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified and used to develop a prognostic model, which helped categorize patients into high- and low-risk groups. The model was validated through survival analysis, risk curves, independent prognostic analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, decision curves, and nomograms. In addition, we performed various immune-related analyses. LncRNA expression levels were examined in normal human colorectal epithelial cells (FHC) and CRC cells (HCT-116) using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). RESULTS Six cuproptosis-related lncRNAs were identified: ZKSCAN2-DT, AL161729.4, AC016394.1, AC007128.2, AL137782.1, and AC099850.3. The prognostic model distinguished between high-/low-risk populations, demonstrating excellent predictive ability for survival outcomes. Immunocorrelation analysis showed significant differences in immune cell infiltration and functions, immune checkpoint expression, and m6A methylation-related genes. The qPCR results showed significant upregulation of ZKSCAN2-DT, AL161729.4, AC016394.1, AC007128.2 in HCT-116 cells, while AL137782.1 and AC099850.3 expression patterns were significantly downregulated. CONCLUSION Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs can potentially serve as reliable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Chen
- Department of Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongqin Huang
- Department of Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Su
- Department of Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Yuchao Su
- Department of Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
| | - Shaobin Li
- Department of Anxi County Hospital, Quanzhou, PR China
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Wang X, Wei W, Hua N, Li C, Yu L. Diagnostic value of serum fibrin degradation complex DR-70 combined with conventional tumor biomarkers in colorectal cancer. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241266236. [PMID: 39079131 PMCID: PMC11295240 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241266236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Most patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) show no early symptoms, and tumor markers have low sensitivity and specificity. We therefore investigated the ability of serum fibrin degradation complex DR-70 plus traditional tumor markers to diagnose CRC. METHODS We retrospectively screened patients with CRC or non-malignant colorectal diseases, as well as healthy individuals, for inclusion in this study. The individuals' clinical characteristics were recorded, and serum samples were collected. Expression levels of DR-70 and conventional tumor markers were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescence. RESULTS DR-70 levels differed significantly among patients with CRC, patients with benign colorectal diseases, and healthy individuals. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified DR-70 as a conventional tumor marker with the highest sensitivity and the second-highest specificity after carcinoembryonic antigen. CONCLUSIONS This study identified DR-70 as a reliable marker for the detection, differentiation, and progression of CRC, with good sensitivity and specificity. DR-70 measurement could greatly improve the efficacy of CRC diagnosis when used together with other tumor markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Hematology, Dongyang People’s Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nanni Hua
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Xuancheng City Central Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang, China
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Gu R, Fang H, Wang R, Dai W, Cai G. A comprehensive overview of the molecular features and therapeutic targets in BRAF V600E-mutant colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1764. [PMID: 39073010 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
As one of the most prevalent digestive system tumours, colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant threat to global human health. With the emergence of immunotherapy and target therapy, the prognosis for the majority of CRC patients has notably improved. However, the subset of patients with BRAF exon 15 p.V600E mutation (BRAFV600E) has not experienced remarkable benefits from these therapeutic advancements. Hence, researchers have undertaken foundational investigations into the molecular pathology of this specific subtype and clinical effectiveness of diverse therapeutic drug combinations. This review comprehensively summarised the distinctive molecular features and recent clinical research advancements in BRAF-mutant CRC. To explore potential therapeutic targets, this article conducted a systematic review of ongoing clinical trials involving patients with BRAFV600E-mutant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Gu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongsheng Fang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixing Dai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiang Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Gromek P, Senkowska Z, Płuciennik E, Pasieka Z, Zhao LY, Gielecińska A, Kciuk M, Kłosiński K, Kałuzińska-Kołat Ż, Kołat D. Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods. World J Methodol 2024; 14:92982. [PMID: 38983668 PMCID: PMC11229876 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v14.i2.92982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In accordance with the World Health Organization data, cancer remains at the forefront of fatal diseases. An upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally, emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should continue. The diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient; this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle biopsy. Prompt initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and hospitalization. Thus, there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy, elastography, synthetic biosensors, fluorescence imaging, and reflectance confocal microscopy. Conventional therapeutic methods, although still common in clinical practice, pose many limitations and are unsatisfactory. Nowadays, there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy, exosome-based therapy, nanotechnology, dendritic cells, chimeric antigen receptors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, natural product-based therapy, tumor-treating fields, and photodynamic therapy. The present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future directions. As evidenced, modern methods are not without drawbacks; there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity, specificity, safety, and efficacy. Nevertheless, an appropriate route has been taken, as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Gromek
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Senkowska
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Płuciennik
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pasieka
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Lin-Yong Zhao
- Department of General Surgery & Laboratory of Gastric Cancer, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Gastric Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Karol Kłosiński
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Żaneta Kałuzińska-Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
| | - Damian Kołat
- Department of Functional Genomics, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Lodzkie, Poland
- Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-136, Lodzkie, Poland
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7
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Magowan D, Abdulshafea M, Thompson D, Rajamoorthy SI, Owen R, Harris D, Prosser S. Blood-based biomarkers and novel technologies for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer and adenomas: a narrative review. Biomark Med 2024; 18:493-506. [PMID: 38900496 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2345583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Blood-based biomarkers have shown promise for diagnosing colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomas (CRA). This review summarizes recent studies in this area. Methods: A literature search was undertaken for 01/01/2017-01/03/2023. Criteria included CRC, CRA, liquid-biopsy, blood-based tests and diagnosis. Results: 12,378 studies were reduced to 178 for data extraction. Sixty focused on proteomics, 53 on RNA species, 30 on cfDNA methylation, seven on antigens and autoantibodies and 28 on novel techniques. 169 case control and nine cohort studies. Number of participants ranged 100-54,297, mean age 58.26. CRC sensitivity and specificity ranged 9.10-100% and 20.40-100%, respectively. CRA sensitivity and specificity ranged 8.00-95.70% and 4.00-97.00%, respectively. Conclusion: Sensitive and specific blood-based tests exist for CRC and CRA. However, studies demonstrate heterogenous techniques and reporting quality. Further work should concentrate on validation and meta-analyzes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Magowan
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Department of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, SA6 6NL, Swansea, UK
| | - Mansour Abdulshafea
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Department of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, SA6 6NL, Swansea, UK
| | - Dominic Thompson
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Department of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, SA6 6NL, Swansea, UK
| | - Shri-Ishvarya Rajamoorthy
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Department of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, SA6 6NL, Swansea, UK
| | - Rhiannon Owen
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
| | - Dean Harris
- Swansea University, Singleton Park, SA2 8PP, Swansea, UK
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Department of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, SA6 6NL, Swansea, UK
| | - Susan Prosser
- Swansea Bay University Health Board, Department of General Surgery, Morriston Hospital, SA6 6NL, Swansea, UK
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Afolabi HA, Salleh SM, Zakaria Z, Seng CE, Nafi NM, Bin AbdulAziz AA, Wada Y, Irekeola AA, Al-Ml-hanna SB, Mussa A. Targeted variant prevalence of FBXW7 gene mutation in colorectal carcinoma propagation. The first systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31471. [PMID: 38845996 PMCID: PMC11154211 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
FBXW7 is a tumour suppressor gene that functions as E3-ubiquitin-ligase, targeting numerous oncoproteins for degradation, i.e., Cyclin-E, c-Myc, and Notch. FBXW7 performs a pivotal role in regulating cell cycle progression. FBXW7 mutation is frequently implicated in various cancers. Methodology A systematic review and meta-analysis done on several studies using "Preferred Reporting Items for Systemmatic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA)" criteria and registered with PROSPERO (registration-number-CRD42023388845). The preliminary search comprises 1182 articles; however, 58 studies were subsequently chosen after eliminating non-eligible studies. To explore the prevalence of FBXW7 mutation among colorectal cancer patients, data were analysed using "OpenMeta Analyst and comprehensive meta-analysis-3.0 (CMA-3.0)" software. Results This meta-analysis involves 13,974 respondents; most were males 7825/13,974, (56.0 %). Overall prevalence of FBXW7 mutations was 10.3 %, (95%CI: 8.6-12.4), I2 = 90.5 %, (P < 0.001). The occurrence of FBXW7 mutations was highest in Russia [19.0 %, (95%CI: 9.8-33.7)] and Taiwan [18.8 %, (95%CI: 8.7-35.9)], P-values< 0.05 while the least prevalence was reported in Netherland (4 %) and Italy (5 %), both P-values< 0.001. Overall prevalence of FBXW7 abberation was greatest amongst male gender: "53.9 %, (95%CI: 8.3-62.0 %)", Tumour location (colon): 59.8 %, (95%CI: 53.9-65), tumour site (left): 61.6 %, (95%CI: 53.8-68.9), Tumour-grade (Moderate): 65.9 %, (95%CI: 54.9-75.4 %), and Tumour late-stage: 67.9 %, (95%CI: 49.7-84.3 %), all P-values< 0.001. When stratified according to study-period, an increasing trend was noted from 2018 till present with the highest mutation rate recorded in 2022 (15.3 %). Conclusion Overall prevalence of FBXW7 mutations was 10.3 % with male gender, left side, and late-stage being most mutated, and these outcomes conform with severally published articles on FBXW7 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez Abiola Afolabi
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Salzihan Md Salleh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zaidi Zakaria
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM), Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ch'ng Ewe Seng
- Department of Pathology, Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kepala Batas, 13200, Malaysia
| | - Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Aizat Bin AbdulAziz
- Department of Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Yusuf Wada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
- Department of Zoology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Ahmad Adebayo Irekeola
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sameer Badri Al-Ml-hanna
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Mussa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, P.O. Box 382, Sudan
- Department of Haematology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Hajjafari A, Sadr S, Rahdar A, Bayat M, Lotfalizadeh N, Dianaty S, Rezaei A, Moghaddam SP, Hajjafari K, Simab PA, Kharaba Z, Borji H, Pandey S. Exploring the integration of nanotechnology in the development and application of biosensors for enhanced detection and monitoring of colorectal cancer. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2024; 164:112409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2024.112409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
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Aydin İC, Subasi IE, Sunar AO, Ademoglu S, Gulmez S, Dincer M, Duman M, Polat E. GLR in Colorectal Cancers: An Easily Accessible Prognostic Marker. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:2361-2369. [PMID: 38799200 PMCID: PMC11128219 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s463769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Colorectal cancer remains a significant health concern, necessitating reliable prognostic indicators for effective management. This study explores the preoperative prognostic significance of the Glucose/Lymphocyte Ratio (GLR) in colorectal cancers. Methods The study retrospectively analyzed records of patients who underwent surgery for elective colorectal cancers between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2021, at the Koşuyolu Training and Research Hospital Gastroenterologic Surgery Department. Demographic, clinicopathological, and follow-up data were comprehensively assessed. A cutoff was established from GLR ratios and patients were divided into two groups for prognosis analysis. Results The study enrolled 222 eligible patients, examining variables such as age, sex, ASA score, neoadjuvant treatment, lymphovascular and perineural invasion, tumor grade, TNM stage, and GLR. The groups consisted of 128 patients with low GLR and 94 patients with high GLR. Statistical analyses revealed relations between GLR levels (p ≤ 0.001) and various prognostic factors such as age (p = 0.034), Perineural Invasion (PNI) (p = 0.002), tumor grade (p = 0.017), TNM stage (p = 0.003), and surgery time (p = 0.029), individuals with GLR ≥ 3.04 were observed to show higher mortality rates (p = 0.001). Above GLR cutoff point of 3.04 patients showed better overall survival rates. All survival related parameters were related with prognosis in univariant Cox regression tests. In multivariant cox regression tests GLR ≥ 3.04 significantly increased mortality by 2.9 times. (p = 0.003). Conclusion This study demonstrates that GLR, calculated from preoperative glucose and lymphocyte values serves as an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancers. The findings suggest potential applications for GLR in survival analyses, with significant associations identified in age, PNI, tumor grade, TNM stage, and surgery time. Further investigations are warranted in homogeneous patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsa Caner Aydin
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ege Subasi
- University of Health Sciences, Van City Hospital Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Van, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Orhan Sunar
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serkan Ademoglu
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Gulmez
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mursit Dincer
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Duman
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Polat
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Kosuyolu Training and Research Hospital, Gastroenterologic Surgery Department, Istanbul, Turkey
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Xu H, Song Y. Analyzing the Functional Roles and Immunological Features of Chemokines in COAD. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5410. [PMID: 38791448 PMCID: PMC11121388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are key proteins that regulate cell migration and immune responses and are essential for modulating the tumor microenvironment. Despite their close association with colon cancer, the expression patterns, prognosis, immunity, and specific roles of chemokines in colon cancer are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mutational features, differential expression, and immunological characteristics of chemokines in colon cancer (COAD) by analyzing the Tumor Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We clarified the biological functions of these chemokines using Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. By univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses, we developed chemokine-based prognostic risk models. In addition, using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Set Variant Analysis (GSVA), we analyzed the differences in immune responses and signaling pathways among different risk groups. The results showed that the mutation rate of chemokines was low in COAD, but 25 chemokines were significantly differentially expressed. These chemokines function in several immune-related biological processes and play key roles in signaling pathways including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, NF-kappa B, and IL-17. Prognostic risk models based on CCL22, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL11 performed well. GSEA and GSVA analyses showed significant differences in immune responses and signaling pathways across risk groups. In conclusion, this study reveals the potential molecular mechanisms of chemokines in COAD and proposes a new prognostic risk model based on these insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houxi Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Yihua Song
- School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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12
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Luo Q, Quan Y, Liu W, Wu Z, Qiu W, Liang W, Yang P, Huang Q, Li G, Wei J, Wang Q, Shen F, Li W, He F, Cao J. Seed and Soil: Consensus Molecular Subgroups (CMS) and Tumor Microenvironment Features Between Primary Lesions and Metastases of Different Organ Sites in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:225-243. [PMID: 38525373 PMCID: PMC10961079 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s441675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) are mainly used for biological interpretability and clinical stratification of colorectal cancer (CRC) in primary tumors (PT) but few in metastases. The heterogeneity of CMS distribution in metastases and the concordance of CMS between PT and metastases still lack sufficient study. We used CMS to classify CRC metastases and combine it with histopathological analysis to explore differences between PT and distant metastases. Patients and Methods We obtained gene expression profiles for 942 PT samples from TCGA database (n=376) and GEO database (n=566), as well as 442 metastasis samples from GEO database. Among these, 765 PT samples and 442 metastasis samples were confidently identified with CMS using the "CMS classifier" and enrolled for analysis. Clinicopathological manifestation and CMS classification of CRC metastases were assessed with data from GEO, TCGA, and cBioPortal. Overall, 105 PT-metastasis pairs were extracted from 10 GEO datasets to assess CMS concordance. Tumor microenvironment (TME) features between PT and metastases were analyzed by immune-stromal infiltration with ESTIMATE and xCell algorithms. Finally, TME features were validated with multiplex immunohistochemistry in 27 PT-metastasis pairs we retrospectively collected. Results Up to 64% of CRC metastases exhibited concordant CMS groups with matched PT, and the TME of metastases was similar to that of PT. For most common distant metastases, liver metastases were predominantly CMS2 and lung and peritoneal metastases were mainly CMS4, highlighting "seed" of tumor cells of different CMS groups had a preference for metastasis to "soil" of specific organs. Compared with PT, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) reduced in liver metastases, CD4+T cells and M2-like macrophages increased in lung metastases, and M2-like macrophages and CAF increased in peritoneal metastases. Conclusion Our findings underscore the importance of CMS-guided specific organ monitoring and treatment post-primary tumor surgery for patients. Differences in immune-stromal infiltration among different metastases provide targeted therapeutic opportunities for metastatic CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibo Quan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zixin Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenlong Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guanwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchang Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Shen
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanglin Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China
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Hakami ZH. Biomarker discovery and validation for gastrointestinal tumors: A comprehensive review of colorectal, gastric, and liver cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 255:155216. [PMID: 38401376 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies, encompassing gastric, hepatic, colonic, and rectal cancers, are prevalent forms of cancer globally and contribute substantially to cancer-related mortality. Although there have been improvements in methods for diagnosing and treating GI cancers, the chances of survival for these types of cancers are still extremely low. According to the World Cancer Research International Fund's most recent figures, stomach cancer was responsible for roughly one million deaths worldwide in 2020. This emphasizes the importance of developing more effective tools for detecting, diagnosing, and predicting the outcome of these cancers at an early stage. Biomarkers, quantitative indications of biological processes or disease states, have emerged as promising techniques for enhancing the diagnosis and prognosis of GI malignancies. Recently, there has been a considerable endeavor to discover and authenticate biomarkers for various GI cancers by the utilization of diverse methodologies, including genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics. This review provides a thorough examination of the current state of biomarker research in the field of gastrointestinal malignancies, with a specific emphasis on colorectal, stomach, and liver cancers. A thorough literature search was performed on prominent databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to find pertinent papers published until November, 2023 for the purpose of compiling this review. The diverse categories of biomarkers, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and protein-based biomarkers, and their potential utility in the fields of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment selection, are explored. Recent progress in identifying and confirming biomarkers, as well as the obstacles that persist in employing biomarkers in clinical settings are emphasized. The utilization of biomarkers in GI cancers has significant potential in enhancing patient outcomes. Ongoing research is expected to uncover more efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki H Hakami
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Chiang SW. The Association of Inflammatory Related Markers with the Prognosis in Elderly Patients with Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:37-48. [PMID: 38259607 PMCID: PMC10802985 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s438225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy, especially among older adults. Inflammation has been implicated in cancer progression, making inflammatory indices potential prognostic markers. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte/C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) in older adults with CRC. Methods This population-based, retrospective observational study included patients aged ≥ 65 years with colorectal adenocarcinoma who were admitted to Taichung Veterans General Hospital (Chiayi branch) between 2017 and 2022. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics, and results of inflammatory indices were collected from medical records for all patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to determine the optimal cutoffs of the inflammatory indices in predicting overall mortality. Associations between the inflammatory indices, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were determined using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, with model performance evaluated using the C-index. Results Data of 106 patients were analyzed. After adjusting for confounders, GPS ≥1 (vs 0) significantly predicted poor OS (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.80, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30-11.10, p= 0.015, C-index= 0.825) and PFS (aHR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.34-7.57, p= 0.008, C-index= 0.785). CAR ≥1.0 (vs <1) significantly predicted poor OS (aHR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.01-5.48), p=0.046, C-index= 0.825) and PFS (aHR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.14-4.76, p= 0.020, C-index= 0.786). Conclusion Among hospitalized older adults with CRC in Taiwan, high GPS and CAR, but not NLR, PLR or LCR, are potentially useful prognostic indicators for poor OS and PFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih Wei Chiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Chiayi City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Peng B, Liu Z, Huang B, Zhang Y, Su Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Luo R. Outcomes of preoperative chemotherapy for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis underwent cytoreductive surgery. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:269-277. [PMID: 37355530 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess and compare the extent to which preoperative chemotherapy prior to CRS improves survival in patients diagnosed with CRCPM. METHODS We included 251 patients from 2012 to 2019 in our center. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was used to minimize the selection bias. Survival analysis was performed to compare the survival outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify prognostic factors. RESULT The baseline characteristics were well balanced using IPTW (standardized mean difference < 0.1). Preoperative chemotherapy cannot significantly improve overall survival (HR, 1.03; 95% CI 0.71-1.49; P = 0.88). In subgroup analysis, we found that intestinal obstruction after preoperative chemotherapy significantly reduced survival (HR, 2.25; 95% CI 1.01-5.03; P = 0.048), while in the upfront surgery group, intestinal obstruction had no impact on prognosis. CONCLUSION For CRCPM patients treated with CRS, preoperative chemotherapy does not seem to prolong overall survival. Furthermore, the emergence of intestinal obstruction after chemotherapy may compromise the effectiveness of treatment, resulting in a worse prognosis. This finding has important clinical implications for treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binying Peng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binjie Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yiwen Su
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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Liu XR, Liu F, Li ZW, Liu XY, Zhang W, Peng D. The risk of postoperative complications is higher in stage I-III colorectal cancer patients with previous abdominal surgery: a propensity score matching analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:3471-3478. [PMID: 37173570 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate whether previous abdominal surgery (PAS) affected stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent radical resection. METHODS Stage I-III CRC patients who received surgery at a single clinical center from Jan 2014 to Dec 2022 were retrospectively included in this study. Baseline characteristics and short-term outcomes were compared between the PAS group and the non-PAS group. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to find risk factors for overall complications and major complications. A 1:1 ratio propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize the selection bias between the two groups. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 22.0) software. RESULTS A total of 5895 stage I-III CRC patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The PAS group had 1336 (22.7%) patients, and the non-PAS group had 4559 (77.3%) patients. After the PSM, there were 1335 patients in each group, and no significant difference was found in all baseline characteristics between the two groups (P > 0.05). After comparing the short-term outcomes, the PAS group had a longer operation time (before PSM, P < 0.01; after PSM, P < 0.01) and more overall complications (before PSM, P = 0.027; after PSM, P = 0.022) whether before or after PSM. In univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, PAS was an independent risk factor for overall complications (univariate analysis, P = 0.022; multivariate analysis, P = 0.029) but not for major complications (univariate analysis, P = 0.688). CONCLUSION Stage I-III CRC patients with PAS might experience longer operation time and have a higher risk of postoperative overall complications. However, it did not appear to significantly affect the major complications. Surgeons should take steps to improve surgical outcomes for patients with PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Rui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zi-Wei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Dong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Osei GY, Adu-Amankwaah J, Koomson S, Beletaa S, Asiamah EA, Smith-Togobo C, Razak SRA. MicroRNAs and colorectal cancer: clinical potential and regulatory networks. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9575-9585. [PMID: 37776413 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08810-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious global health concern, with a high incidence and mortality rate. Although there have been advancements in the early detection and treatment of CRC, therapy resistance is common. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression, are key players in the initiation and progression of CRC. Recently, there has been growing attention to the complex interplay of miRNAs in cancer development. miRNAs are powerful RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and have been implicated in various physiological and pathological processes, including carcinogenesis. By identifying current challenges and limitations of treatment strategies and suggesting future research directions, this review aims to contribute to ongoing efforts to enhance CRC diagnosis and treatment. It also provides a comprehensive overview of the role miRNAs play in CRC carcinogenesis and explores the potential of miRNA-based therapies as a treatment option. Importantly, this review highlights the exciting potential of targeted modulation of miRNA function as a therapeutic approach for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Yiadom Osei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Joseph Adu-Amankwaah
- Department of Physiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Selina Koomson
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Solomon Beletaa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Akomanin Asiamah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
- Discipline of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases Epidemiology Research Unit (CIDERU), College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Cecilia Smith-Togobo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, PMB 31, Ho, Ghana
| | - Siti Razila Abdul Razak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, 13200, Malaysia.
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Zeng J, Fan W, Li J, Wu G, Wu H. KRAS/NRAS Mutations Associated with Distant Metastasis and BRAF/PIK3CA Mutations Associated with Poor Tumor Differentiation in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:4109-4120. [PMID: 37720173 PMCID: PMC10503567 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s428580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The occurrence, progression, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are regulated by EGFR-mediated signaling pathways. However, the relationship between the core genes (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/PIK3CA) status in the signaling pathways and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients in Hakka population remains controversial. Methods Patients were genotyped for KRAS (codons 12, 13, 61, 117, and 146), NRAS (codons 12, 61, 117, and 146), BRAF (codons 600), and PIK3CA (codons 542, 545 and 1047) mutations. Clinical records were collected, and clinicopathological characteristic associations were analyzed together with mutations of studied genes. Results Four hundred and eight patients (256 men and 152 women) were included in the analysis. At least one mutation in the four genes was detected in 216 (52.9%) patients, while none was detected in 192 (47.1%) patients. KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutation status were detected in 190 (46.6%), 11 (2.7%), 10 (2.5%), 34 (8.3%) samples, respectively. KRAS exon 2 had the highest proportion (62.5%). Age, tumor site, tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were not associated with gene mutations. KRAS mutations (adjusted OR 1.675, 95% CI 1.017-2.760, P=0.043) and NRAS mutations (adjusted OR 5.183, 95% CI 1.239-21.687, P=0.024) appeared more frequently in patients with distant metastasis. BRAF mutations (adjusted OR 7.224, 95% CI 1.356-38.488, P=0.021) and PIK3CA mutations (adjusted OR 3.811, 95% CI 1.268-11.455, P=0.017) associated with poorly differentiated tumor. Conclusion KRAS/NRAS mutations are associated with distant metastasis and BRAF/PIK3CA mutations are associated with poor tumor differentiation in CRC. And the results provided a better understanding between clinicopathological characteristics and gene mutations in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanzi Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwei Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaquan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guowu Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heming Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou, People’s Republic of China
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Maqbool M, Khan A, Shahzad A, Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Aftab H, Jaan A. Predictive biomarkers for colorectal cancer: a state-of-the-art systematic review. Biomarkers 2023; 28:562-598. [PMID: 37585692 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2023.2247185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a substantial health burden, with early detection paramount for improved prognosis. This study aims to evaluate potential CRC biomarkers and detection techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS This systematic review, reported in adherence to PRISMA Statement 2020 guidelines, collates the latest research on potential biomarkers and detection/prognosis methods for CRC, spanning the last decade. RESULTS Out of the 38 included studies, diverse biomarkers and detection methods emerged, with DNA methylation markers like SFRP2 and SDC2, microRNAs including miR-1290, miR-506, and miR-4316, and serum and plasma markers such as NTS levels and U2 snRNA fragments standing out. Methylated cfDNA and m5C methylation alteration in immune cells of the blood, along with circular RNA, showed promise as diagnostic markers. Meanwhile, techniques involving extracellular vesicles and lateral flow immunoassays exhibited potential for swift and effective CRC screening. DISCUSSION Our state-of-the-art review identifies potential biomarkers, including SFRP2, SDC2, miR-1290, miR-506, miR-4316, and U2 snRNA fragments, with significant potential in enhancing CRC detection. However, comprehensive validation studies and a rigorous evaluation of clinical utility and cost-effectiveness remain necessary before integration into routine clinical practice. CONCLUSION The findings emphasize the need for continued research into biomarkers and detection methods to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moeez Maqbool
- Sheikh Zayed Medical College, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Aden Khan
- Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Hinna Aftab
- CMH Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Jaan
- Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
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Wonglhow J, Sathitruangsak C, Dechaphunkul A, Sunpaweravong P. Nineteen-year, real-world experience of first-line combination chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a propensity score analysis from southern Thailand. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231193583. [PMID: 37592923 PMCID: PMC10467410 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231193583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Combination fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy is the standard first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We performed a propensity score (PS)-based analysis to report our real-world experience with long-term follow-up of this regimen for metastatic CRC. METHODS In this retrospective study, 170 patients with newly diagnosed metastatic CRC treated with first-line combination chemotherapy between January 2003 and March 2021 were identified. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and PS-based approaches with the logistic regression model were adopted, and the results were compared. RESULTS The hazard ratio for overall survival (OS) in the oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based groups was 0.79 (95% confidence interval = 0.56-1.11), and the median OS times in these groups were 16.8 and 13.0 months, respectively. The median time to progression (TTP) for these regimens were 9.0 and 8.9 months, respectively. The objective response rates for the oxaliplatin- and irinotecan-based groups were 42.7% and 34.6%, respectively. OS and TTP did not differ between these regimens in all PS matching models. CONCLUSIONS First-line treatment using fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy regimens in combination with oxaliplatin or irinotecan in patients with metastatic CRC provided comparable efficacy and tolerable toxicity profiles in a real-world setting with long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Wonglhow
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Chirawadee Sathitruangsak
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Arunee Dechaphunkul
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Patrapim Sunpaweravong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Xiong B, Huang Q, Zheng H, Lin S, Xu J. Recent advances microRNAs and metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer research. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1165862. [PMID: 37576895 PMCID: PMC10415904 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1165862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer with the highest incidence and mortality. Alteration of gene expression is the main pathophysiological mechanism of CRC, which results in disturbed signaling pathways and cellular metabolic processes. MicroRNAs are involved in almost all pathophysiological processes and are correlative with colorectal cancer metabolism, proliferation, and chemotherapy resistance. Metabolic reprogramming, an important feature of cancer, is strongly correlative with the development and prognosis of cancers, including colorectal cancer. MicroRNAs can target enzymes involved in metabolic processes, thus playing a regulatory role in tumor metabolism. The disorder of the signaling pathway is another characteristic of tumor, which induces the occurrence and proliferation of tumors, and is closely correlative with the prognosis and chemotherapy resistance of tumor patients. MicroRNAs can target the components of the signaling pathways to regulate their transduction. Understanding the function of microRNAs in the occurrence and proliferation of CRC provides novel insights into the optimal treatment strategies, prognosis, and development of diagnosis in CRC. This article reviews the relationship between CRC and microRNA expression and hopes to provide new options for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiaoyi Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huida Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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22
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Bogaczyk A, Zawlik I, Zuzak T, Kluz M, Potocka N, Kluz T. The Role of miRNAs in the Development, Proliferation, and Progression of Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11489. [PMID: 37511248 PMCID: PMC10380838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common cancers in developing and developed countries. Although the detection of this cancer is high at the early stages, there is still a lack of markers to monitor the disease, its recurrence, and metastasis. MiRNAs are in charge of the post-transcriptional regulation of genes responsible for the most important biological processes, which is why they are increasingly used as biomarkers in many types of cancer. Many studies have demonstrated the influence of miRNAs on the processes related to carcinogenesis. The characteristics of miRNA expression profiles in endometrial cancer will allow their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This paper focuses on the discussion of selected miRNAs based on the literature and their role in the development of endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bogaczyk
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F.Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (T.Z.); (T.K.)
| | - Izabela Zawlik
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zuzak
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F.Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (T.Z.); (T.K.)
| | - Marta Kluz
- Department of Pathology, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F.Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Natalia Potocka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Centre for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Warzywna 1a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Kluz
- Department of Gynecology, Gynecology Oncology and Obstetrics, Fryderyk Chopin University Hospital, F.Szopena 2, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland; (A.B.); (T.Z.); (T.K.)
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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23
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Kan CM, Pei XM, Yeung MHY, Jin N, Ng SSM, Tsang HF, Cho WCS, Yim AKY, Yu ACS, Wong SCC. Exploring the Role of Circulating Cell-Free RNA in the Development of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11026. [PMID: 37446204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) has recently emerged as a novel and attractive liquid biomarker. CtRNA is capable of providing important information about the expression of a variety of target genes noninvasively, without the need for biopsies, through the use of circulating RNA sequencing. The overexpression of cancer-specific transcripts increases the tumor-derived RNA signal, which overcomes limitations due to low quantities of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). The purpose of this work is to present an up-to-date review of current knowledge regarding ctRNAs and their status as biomarkers to address the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction, and drug resistance of colorectal cancer. The final section of the article discusses the practical aspects involved in analyzing plasma ctRNA, including storage and isolation, detection technologies, and their limitations in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ming Kan
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao Meng Pei
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Martin Ho Yin Yeung
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nana Jin
- Codex Genetics Limited, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon Siu Man Ng
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Fung Tsang
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | - Sze Chuen Cesar Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Paul S, Chatterjee S, Sinha S, Dash SR, Pradhan R, Das B, Goutam K, Kundu CN. Veliparib (ABT-888), a PARP inhibitor potentiates the cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil by inhibiting MMR pathway through deregulation of MSH6 in colorectal cancer stem cells. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:999-1015. [PMID: 37787493 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2266572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensitization of mismatch repair (MMR)-deficient colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is well-documented. But not much is known about the treatment of MMR-proficient CRC cancer stem cells (CRC-CSCs). Here, we investigated whether a PARP inhibitor (ABT-888) can enhance the 5-FU-mediated apoptosis in CRC-CSCs through MMR pathway inhibition. METHODS The anti-cancer action of 5-FU+ABT-888 combination in CRC-CSCs has been studied by using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo preclinical model systems. RESULTS 5-FU caused DNA damage in CRC-CSCs, and ABT-888 enhanced the accumulation of DNA mismatches by downregulating the MMR pathway, triggering S-phase arrest, and finally apoptosis and cell death in 5-FU-pre-treated MMR-proficient-CRC-CSCs at much lower concentrations than their individual treatments. After 5-FU treatment, PARylated-PARP1 activated MMR pathway by interacting with MSH6. But, upon ABT-888 treatment in 5-FU-pre-exposed CSCs, PARylation was inhibited, as a result of which PARP1 could not interact with MSH6, and other MMR proteins were downregulated. The role of MSH6 in PARP1-mediated MMR activation, was confirmed by silencing MSH6 gene, which resulted in MMR pathway shutdown. Similar results were obtained in ex vivo and in vivo model systems. CONCLUSIONS 5-FU+ABT-888 combination enhanced CRC-CSCs death by increasing DNA damage accumulation and simultaneously inhibiting the MMR pathway in MMR-proficient cells. But this study does not discuss whether the combination treatment will increase the sensitivity of MMR-deficient CSCs, for which further research will be performed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarno Paul
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Subhajit Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Saptarshi Sinha
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Somya Ranjan Dash
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Rajalaxmi Pradhan
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Biswajit Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Kunal Goutam
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack, India
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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25
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Zheng E, Xiao D. Exploration into Plasma Hsa_circ_0052184 as a New Biomarker of Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:589-597. [PMID: 37333495 PMCID: PMC10275319 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s413451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are strong modulators of tumor pathology. Herein, our goal was to examine the plasma hsa_circ_0052184 content among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and assess its association with patient clinicopathological profile and diagnostic values. Methods Overall, we collected 228 presurgical CRC and 146 normal plasma samples from The First People's Hospital of Wenling. Circulating hsa_circ_0052184 levels were assessed via qRT-PCR, and the diagnostic prediction was conducted with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Relative to healthy controls, CRC patients exhibited markedly enhanced circulating hsa_circ_0052184 levels, which were closely correlated with advanced stage of disease and worse outcome. Based on our uni- (UA) and multivariate assessments (MA), elevated hsa_circ_0052184 levels were a stand-alone predictor of poor prognosis. The ROC curve depicted an area under the curve (AUC) for CRC diagnosis to be 0.9072. Conclusion Circulating hsa_circ_0052184 is a potential bioindicator of CRC outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enqi Zheng
- Hernia Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deshuang Xiao
- Hernia Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Wenling, Wenling, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Deen R, Ediriweera DS, Thillakaratne S, Hewavissenthi J, Kumarage SK, Chandrasinghe PC. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation for Rectal Cancer Achieves Satisfactory Tumour Regression and Local Recurrence - Result of a Dedicated Multi-disciplinary Approach from a South Asian Centre. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:400. [PMID: 37142979 PMCID: PMC10158249 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10769-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-operative long-course chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for rectal cancer has resulted in improvement in rates of restorative rectal resection and local recurrence by inducing tumour downstaging and downsizing. Total mesorectal excision (TME) is a standardised surgical technique of low anterior resection aimed at the prevention of local tumour recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tumour response following CRT in a standardised group of patients with rectal cancer. METHODS One hundred and thirty-one patients (79 male; 52 female, median age 57; interquartile range 47-62 years) of 153 with rectal cancer who underwent pre-operative long-course CRT were treated by standardised open low anterior resection at a median of 10 weeks post-CRT. Sixteen of 131 (12%) were 70 years or older. Median follow-up at the time of analysis was 15 months (interquartile range 6-45 months). Pathology reports were analysed based on AJCC-UICC classification using the TNM system. Data recorded were overall/subgrades of tumour regression; good, moderate or poor, lymph node harvest, local recurrence, disease-free and overall survival using standard statistical methods. RESULTS 78% showed tumour regression post-CRT; 43% displayed good tumour regression/response while 22% had poor tumour regression/response. All patients had a pre-operative T-stage of either T3 or T4. Post-operation, good responders had a median T stage of T2 vs. T3 in poor responders (P = 0.0002). Overall, the median lymph node harvest was < 12. There was no difference in the number of nodes harvested in good vs. poor responders (Good/moderate-6 nodes vs. Poor- 8; P = 0.31). Good responders tended to have a lesser number of malignant nodes vs. poor responders (P = 0.31). Overall, local recurrence was 6.8% and the anal sphincter preservation rate was 89%. Predicted 5-year disease-free and overall survival were similar between good and poor responders. CONCLUSION Long-course CRT resulted in satisfactory tumour regression and enabled consideration for safe, sphincter-saving resection in rectal cancer. A dedicated multi-disciplinary team approach achieved a global benchmark for local recurrence in a resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raeed Deen
- Department of Surgery, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | - Dileepa S Ediriweera
- Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Janaki Hewavissenthi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Sumudu K Kumarage
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Pramodh C Chandrasinghe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
- The Department of Surgery, University of Kelaniya and North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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27
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Pekarek L, Torres-Carranza D, Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Pekarek T, Saez MA, Rueda-Correa F, Pimentel-Martinez C, Guijarro LG, Diaz-Pedrero R, Alvarez-Mon M, Ortega MA. An Overview of the Role of MicroRNAs on Carcinogenesis: A Focus on Cell Cycle, Angiogenesis and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087268. [PMID: 37108432 PMCID: PMC10139430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the importance of epigenetic markers in the carcinogenesis of different malignant neoplasms has been demonstrated, also demonstrating their utility for understanding metastatic spread and tumor progression in cancer patients. Among the different biomarkers, microRNAs represent a set of non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, having been involved in a wide variety of neoplasia acting in different oncogenic pathways. Both the overexpression and downregulation of microRNAs represent a complex interaction with various genes whose ultimate consequence is increased cell proliferation, tumor invasion and interaction with various driver markers. It should be noted that in current clinical practice, even though the combination of different microRNAs has been shown to be useful by different authors at diagnostic and prognostic levels, there are no diagnostic kits that can be used for the initial approach or to assess recurrences of oncological diseases. Previous works have cited microRNAs as having a critical role in several carcinogenic mechanisms, ranging from cell cycle alterations to angiogenesis and mechanisms of distant metastatic dissemination. Indeed, the overexpression or downregulation of specific microRNAs seem to be tightly involved in the modulation of various components related to these processes. For instance, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases, transcription factors, signaling molecules and angiogenic/antiangiogenic products, among others, have been recognized as specific targets of microRNAs in different types of cancer. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to describe the main implications of different microRNAs in cell cycle alterations, metastasis and angiogenesis, trying to summarize their involvement in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Oncology Service, Guadalajara University Hospital, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatiana Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Francisco Rueda-Correa
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Carolina Pimentel-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Teaching Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), University Hospital Príncipe de Asturias, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Principe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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Evaluation of ctDNA in the Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy and Prognosis in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030427. [PMID: 36986526 PMCID: PMC10057108 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
“Watch and wait” is becoming a common treatment option for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) submitted to neoadjuvant treatment. However, currently, no clinical modality has an acceptable accuracy for predicting pathological complete response (pCR). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in predicting the response and prognosis in these patients. We prospectively enrolled a cohort of three Iberian centers between January 2020 and December 2021 and performed an analysis on the association of ctDNA with the main response outcomes and disease-free survival (DFS). The rate of pCR in the total sample was 15.3%. A total of 24 plasma samples from 18 patients were analyzed by next-generation sequencing. At baseline, mutations were detected in 38.9%, with the most common being TP53 and KRAS. Combination of either positive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extramural venous invasion (mrEMVI) and ctDNA increased the risk of poor response (p = 0.021). Also, patients with two mutations vs. those with fewer than two mutations had a worse DFS (p = 0.005). Although these results should be read carefully due to sample size, this study suggests that baseline ctDNA combined with mrEMVI could potentially help to predict the response and baseline ctDNA number of mutations might allow the discrimination of groups with different DFS. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of ctDNA as an independent tool in the selection and management of LARC patients.
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Bhatia A, Upadhyay AK, Sharma S. miRNAs are now starring in "No Time to Die: Overcoming the chemoresistance in cancer". IUBMB Life 2023; 75:238-256. [PMID: 35678612 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, with about 19.3 million new cases reported each year. Current therapies for cancer management include-chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. However, they are loaded with side effects and tend to cause toxicity in the patient's body posttreatment, ultimately hindering the response towards the treatment building up resistance. This is where noncoding RNAs such as miRNAs help provide us with a helping hand for taming the chemoresistance and providing potential holistic cancer management. MicroRNAs are promising targets for anticancer therapy as they perform critical regulatory roles in various signaling cascades related to cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Combining miRNAs and anticancer drugs and devising a combination therapy has managed cancer well in various independent studies. This review aims to provide insights into how miRNAs play a mechanistic role in cancer development and progression and regulate drug resistance in various types of cancers. Furthermore, next-generation novel therapies using miRNAs in combination with anticancer treatments in multiple cancers have been put forth and how they improve the efficacy of the treatments. Exemplary studies currently in the preclinical and clinical models have been summarized. Ultimately, we briefly talk through the challenges that come forward with it and minimize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Atul Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
| | - Siddharth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India
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HNRNPA2B1-Mediated MicroRNA-92a Upregulation and Section Acts as a Promising Noninvasive Diagnostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051367. [PMID: 36831695 PMCID: PMC9954252 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-92a (miR-92a) may serve as a novel promising biomarker in multiple cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the diagnostic accuracy and the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-92a in CRC is poorly understood. We first carried out meta-analysis and found that serum/plasma miR-92a yield better diagnostic efficacy when compared to stool samples and CRC tissues, and this finding was validated by our independent study through stool sample. Multiple bioinformatics assay indicated that miR-92a expression was positively correlated with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins A2/B1 (HNRNPA2B1) expression and closely related with the clinical characteristics of CRC. Experimental evidence showed that knockdown of HNRNPA2B1 could significantly decrease miR-92a expression and secretion in RKO cells. HNRNPA2B1 mediated miR-92a via m6A RNA modification. These findings indicate that HNRNPA2B1-m6A RNA modification-derived MicroRNA-92a upregulation and section from the local CRC acts a candidate noninvasive serum biomarker in colorectal cancer. Our study provides a novel insight into miR-92a mechanisms in relation to both expression and secretion for CRC diagnosis.
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31
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Raga MG, Pérez IP, Veiga RC, Sosa MM, Aguilera MJS, Rodríguez PL, Bonastre MTT, Urtasun JA, Abad LP, Hernández IB. Maintenance of angiogenesis inhibition with aflibercept after progression to bevacizumab in metastatic colorectal cancer: real life study in the Valencian community. Clin Transl Oncol 2023; 25:1455-1462. [PMID: 36723787 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-03047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The second-line chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with FOLFIRI-aflibercept demonstrated an increase in survival compared with FOLFIRI in patients previously treated with oxaliplatin-based regimens. Few data are available in patients treated previously with bevacizumab. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of FOLFIRI-aflibercept in second-line treatment in patients who have previously received bevacizumab. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a observational, retrospective study of patients with mCRC treated with FOLFIRI-aflibercept in 2nd line in eight hospitals in the Valencian Community. Survival, response, and toxicity were analyzed. RESULTS 122 patients with a median age of 61 years were included. 89% of patients had PS 0-1. The median of PFS (progression free survival) and OS (overall survival) was 5.45 (95% CI 4.74-6.15 months) and 10.15 (95% CI 7.47-12.82 months), respectively. Disease control rate 59.8%. The most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (13,1%) and asthenia (9%). The presence of hypertension during treatment with FOLFIRI-aflibercept was associated with a survival benefit. Median of OS was 14.45 (95% CI 11.58-17.32) in patients with hypertension vs 7.78 (95% CI 5.02-10.54) in patients without hypertension (p = .001). Our results suggest that the presence of PS 0, primary tumor surgery, metachronous metastases, and the presence of only 1 metastatic location, are favorable prognostic factors associated with better OS. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the value of maintaining angiogenesis inhibition with FOLFIRI-aflibercept in mCRC after progression to a first-line treatment with bevacizumab. The development of hypertension during treatment is a possible predictive marker of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Gil Raga
- Medical Oncology Department, CIBERONC, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | - Rebeca Chulvi Veiga
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Doctor Peset de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marcos Melian Sosa
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Instituto Valenciano de Oncología, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria José Safont Aguilera
- Medical Oncology Department, CIBERONC, Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Aparicio Urtasun
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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Chen P, Yang X, Wang P, He H, Chen Y, Yu L, Fang H, Wang F, Huang Z. Systematic pan-cancer analysis identifies cGAS as an immunological and prognostic biomarker. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:121. [PMID: 36819495 PMCID: PMC9929843 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is characterized by pneumonia, cytokine storms, and lymphopenia. Due to immunosuppression, cancer patients may be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and have more serious complications. According to recent research, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) could be a potential SARS-CoV-2 sensor. However, at present, no studies have been conducted on cGAS gene alterations in pan-cancer. This study aimed to discover therapeutic implications for COVID-19-infected tumor patients by performing a comprehensive analysis of cGAS in malignant tumors. Methods cGAS expression matrices were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases, which were used to evaluate cGAS expression in various tumors, its prognostic value, and its relationship to the immune microenvironment, microsatellite instability (MSI), immune neoantigens, gene mutations, immune checkpoints, MSI, tumor mutational burden (TMB), mismatch repair (MMR) genes, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). We also used the cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and GeneMANIA databases to explore the types of changes, gene networks and immunofluorescence localization, and protein expression of these genes. Results Compared to normal tissues, cGAS was highly expressed in 13 types of cancer (e.g., lung cancer) and lowly expressed in other cancers (e.g., pancreatic cancer). cGAS expression was associated with prognosis in nine cancers, such as renal clear cell carcinoma (P<0.05). Furthermore, deep deletion was the most common type of cGAS genomic mutation. DNMT, immune infiltration levels, TMB, MSI, MMR genes, neoantigens, and immune checkpoints were all correlated with cGAS expression. Moreover, we used the GSE30589 dataset to investigate the post-SARS-CoV infection changes in cGAS expression in vitro. Finally, mithramycin, MI219, AFP464, aminoflavone, kahalide F, AT13387, doxorubicin, and other drugs increased the sensitivity of cGAS expression. According to the evidence presented above, cGAS may become an important target for cancer therapy. Conclusions This study discovered that SARS-CoV-2-infected cancer patients might experience changes in their tumor environment as a result of cGAS, making patients with tumors expressing high cGAS more susceptible to COVID-19 and possibly a worsening prognosis. Furthermore, cGAS may be a novel biomarker for diagnosing and treating COVID-19-infected tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xian Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Yu
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huipeng Fang
- Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhijian Huang
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Haque E, Muhsen IN, Esmail A, Umoru G, Mylavarapu C, Ajewole VB, Abdelrahim M. Case report: Efficacy and safety of regorafenib plus fluorouracil combination therapy in the treatment of refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:992455. [PMID: 36620581 PMCID: PMC9822717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.992455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than half of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) present with metastatic disease or develop recurrent disease on first-line and second-line options. Treatment beyond the second line remains an area of unmet need for patients with progressive or recurrent disease. Methods We retrospectively reviewed data of adult (>18 years old) patients with mCRC who received regorafenib + 5FU combination therapy at Houston Methodist Hospital with outcomes of interest including response rate, discontinuation due to side effects, and overall survival. Results Seven patients received regorafenib + 5FU combination therapy for mCRC after receiving at least two other lines of therapy (including at least one fluorouracil-based therapy). Four patients (57%) achieved disease control in 7-12 weeks after therapy initiation while three patients developed recurrent disease. In patients who achieved disease control, no new adverse events were reported among patients with this combination. Conclusion Regorafenib and Fluorouracil combination could be considered an option beyond the second line for patients with treatment-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Further studies, including a prospective trial, are needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib plus 5FU therapy compared to other limited available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emaan Haque
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim N. Muhsen
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Abdullah Esmail
- Section of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Maen Abdelrahim, ; Abdullah Esmail,
| | - Godsfavour Umoru
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Charisma Mylavarapu
- Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Veronica B. Ajewole
- Department of Pharmacy, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States,Cockrell Center for Advanced Therapeutic Phase I program, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Maen Abdelrahim, ; Abdullah Esmail,
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Wu F, Mao Y, Ma T, Wang X, Wei H, Wang T, Wang J, Zhang Y. CTPS1 inhibition suppresses proliferation and migration in colorectal cancer cells. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2563-2574. [PMID: 35912542 PMCID: PMC9704378 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is now the third most prevalent tumor and one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, with an increasing prevalence every year. Therefore, we urgently need to understand the mechanisms regulating the progression of colorectal cancer and find potential diagnostic biomarkers. In this study, we performed an analysis using the TCGA and GEO databases to find a molecular biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC, namely CTPS1. The results of this analysis revealed that CTPS1 could promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis revealed that CTPS1 promoted CRC progression through cell cycle and p53 pathways. Further investigation demonstrated that CTPS1 might be involved in the regulation of CCNB1, RRM2, GTSE1, CDK2 and CHEK2 genes. Moreover, PCR confirmed that CTPS1 regulated GTSE1 and CDK2 molecules. Then, western blot was used to verify that CTPS1 promoted the expression of GTSE1 and CDK2 by inhibiting the expression of p53. In summary, we identified an important diagnostic biomarker for CRC, namely CTPS1, and its importance was validated at the cellular level. These results suggest that CTPS1 could serve as a candidate biomarker for CRC and CTPS1 inhibitors may be a potential treatment for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yudong Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xiamen Third Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Hangzhi Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China,CONTACT Youcheng Zhang Department of General Surgery, Hepatic-biliary-pancreatic Institute, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China
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Symonds L, Yu M, Zhang Y, Ou FS, Zemla TJ, Carter K, Bertagnolli M, Innocenti F, Bosch LJW, Meijer GA, Carvalho B, Grady WM, Cohen SA. Evaluation of methylated DCR1 as a biomarker for response to adjuvant irinotecan-based therapy in stage III colon cancer: cancer and leukaemia Group B 89803 (Alliance). Epigenetics 2022; 17:1715-1725. [PMID: 35412430 PMCID: PMC9621073 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2058225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrantly methylated genes contribute to the landscape of epigenetic alterations in colorectal adenocarcinoma. The global CpG Island methylator phenotype (CIMP) and individually methylated genes are potential prognostic/predictive biomarkers. Research suggests an association between methylated DCR1 (mDCR1) and lack of benefit with irinotecan (IFL) treatment. We assessed the association between DCR1 methylation status and survival in patients receiving adjuvant fluorouracil/ leucovorin (5-FU/LV) or IFL. We analysed data from patients with stage III colon adenocarcinoma randomly assigned to adjuvant 5-FU/LV or IFL in CALGB 89803 (Alliance). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Using tumour sample DNA, we evaluated the association between survival, DCR1 methylation status, and molecular subgroups (BRAF, KRAS, mismatch repair status, CIMP status) using Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazard model. mDCR1 was observed in 221/400 (55%) colon cancers. Histopathologic features were similar between mDCR1 and unmethylated DCR1 (unDCR1) colon cancers. There was no difference in OS (p = 0.83) or DFS (p = 0.85) based on DCR1 methylation status. There was no association between methylation status and response to IFL . In patients with unDCR1 and KRAS-wildtype tumours, those who received IFL had a nearly two-fold worse DFS compared to patients who received 5-FU/LV (HR = 1.85, 95% CI (0.97-3.53, p = 0.06). This relationship was not notable among other subgroups. In stage III colon cancer patients, mDCR1 status did not associate with response to irinotecan. Larger studies may suggest an association between the iridocene response and molecular subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Symonds
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ming Yu
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - YuHong Zhang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Fang-Shu Ou
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tyler J. Zemla
- Alliance Statistics and Data Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kelly Carter
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monica Bertagnolli
- Office of the Alliance Group Chair, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico Innocenti
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda JW Bosch
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stacey A. Cohen
- Division of Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Liang C, Yang JB, Lin XY, Xie BL, Xu YX, Lin S, Xu TW. Recent advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of microRNAs in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:911856. [PMID: 36313731 PMCID: PMC9607901 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.911856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the world and one of the leading causes of cancer death; its incidence is still increasing in most countries. The early diagnostic accuracy of CRC is low, and the metastasis rate is high, resulting in a low survival rate of advanced patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a small class of noncoding RNAs that can inhibit mRNA translation and trigger mRNA degradation, and can affect a variety of cellular and molecular targets. Numerous studies have shown that miRNAs are related to tumour progression, immune system activity, anticancer drug resistance, and the tumour microenvironment. Dysregulation of miRNAs occurs in a variety of malignancies, including CRC. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of miRNAs, their roles in tumour progression and metastasis, and their clinical value as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CRC. Furthermore, we combined the roles of miRNAs in tumorigenesis and development with the therapeutic strategies of CRC patients, which will provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Bo Yang
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Lin
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Bi-Lan Xie
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xian Xu
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- Group of Neuroendocrinology, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Tian-Wen Xu, ; Shu Lin,
| | - Tian-Wen Xu
- Department of Digestive Tumours, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tian-Wen Xu, ; Shu Lin,
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Osseis M, Nehmeh WA, Rassy N, Derienne J, Noun R, Salloum C, Rassy E, Boussios S, Azoulay D. Surgery for T4 Colorectal Cancer in Older Patients: Determinants of Outcomes. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12091534. [PMID: 36143319 PMCID: PMC9504737 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of older and younger patients with T4 colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with surgery. Methods: Consecutive patients with T4 CRC treated surgically at Henri Mondor Hospital between 2008 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed in age subgroups (1) 50−69 years and (2) ≥70 years for overall and relative survival. The multivariable analyses were adjusted for adjusted for age, margin status, lymph node involvement, CEA level, postoperative complications (POC), synchronous metastases, and type of surgery. Results: Of 106 patients with T4 CRC, 57 patients (53.8%) were 70 years or older. The baseline characteristics were generally balanced between the two age groups. Older patients underwent adjuvant therapy less commonly (42.9 vs. 57.1%; p = 0.006) and had a longer delay between surgery and chemotherapy (median 40 vs. 34 days; p < 0.001). A higher trend for POC was reported among the older patients but did not impact the survival outcomes. After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall survival was shorter among the older patients (HR = 3.322, 95% CI 1.49−7.39), but relative survival was not statistically correlated to the age group (HR = 0.873, 95% CI 0.383−1.992). Conclusions: Older patients with CRC were more prone to severe POC, but age did not impact the relative survival of patients with T4 colorectal cancer. Older patients should not be denied surgery based on age alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Osseis
- Department of General Surgery Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
- Correspondence:
| | - William A Nehmeh
- Department of General Surgery Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Rassy
- Department of General Surgery Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Derienne
- Department of General Surgery Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Roger Noun
- Department of General Surgery Hôtel-Dieu de France Hospital, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Chady Salloum
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75610 Villejuif, France
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniel Azoulay
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplantation Surgery, Paul Brousse Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75610 Villejuif, France
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Boussios S, Rassy E, Moschetta M, Ghose A, Adeleke S, Sanchez E, Sheriff M, Chargari C, Pavlidis N. BRCA Mutations in Ovarian and Prostate Cancer: Bench to Bedside. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163888. [PMID: 36010882 PMCID: PMC9405840 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DNA damage is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) —especially the high-grade serous subtype—harbors a defect in at least one DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. Defective DDR results from a variety of lesions affecting homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) for double strand breaks, base excision repair (BER), and nucleotide excision repair (NER) for single strand breaks and mismatch repair (MMR). Apart from the EOC, mutations in the DDR genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are common in prostate cancer as well. Among them, BRCA2 lesions are found in 12% of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancers, but very rarely in primary prostate cancer. Better understanding of the DDR pathways is essential in order to optimize the therapeutic choices, and has led to the design of biomarker-driven clinical trials. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are now a standard therapy for EOC patients, and more recently have been approved for the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with alterations in DDR genes. They are particularly effective in tumours with HR deficiency. Abstract DNA damage repair (DDR) defects are common in different cancer types, and these alterations can be exploited therapeutically. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is among the tumours with the highest percentage of hereditary cases. BRCA1 and BRCA2 predisposing pathogenic variants (PVs) were the first to be associated with EOC, whereas additional genes comprising the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been discovered with DNA sequencing technologies. The incidence of DDR alterations among patients with metastatic prostate cancer is much higher compared to those with localized disease. Genetic testing is playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of patients with ovarian and prostate cancer. The development of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors offers a therapeutic strategy for patients with EOC. One of the mechanisms of PARP inhibitors exploits the concept of synthetic lethality. Tumours with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are highly sensitive to PARP inhibitors. Moreover, the synthetic lethal interaction may be exploited beyond germline BRCA mutations in the context of HR deficiency, and this is an area of ongoing research. PARP inhibitors are in advanced stages of development as a treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, there is a major concern regarding the need to identify reliable biomarkers predictive of treatment response. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of DDR, the potential for genomic analysis of ovarian and prostate cancer, and therapeutics of PARP inhibitors, along with predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki-Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Elie Rassy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH 4033 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aruni Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Barts Cancer Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, London KT1 2EE, UK
- Centre for Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sola Adeleke
- High Dimensional Neurology Group, UCL Queen’s Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Department of Oncology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Elisabet Sanchez
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Matin Sheriff
- Department of Urology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy Institut, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Nicholas Pavlidis
- Medical School, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchou Avenue, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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Li Y, Han S, Wu B, Zhong C, Shi Y, Lv C, Fu L, Zhang Y, Lang Q, Liang Z, Yu Y, Tian Y. CXCL11 Correlates with Immune Infiltration and Impacts Patient Immunotherapy Efficacy: A Pan-Cancer Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:951247. [PMID: 35935945 PMCID: PMC9355700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.951247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immunotherapy has achieved great success in cancer. Nevertheless, many patients cannot benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy because of the scantiness of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment (TME). CXCL11 is known as a regulator that influences T-cell infiltration into tumors. However, the role of CXCL11 in pan-cancer is still unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the expression and function of CXCL11 across 33 types of cancers based on datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database. We analyzed the CXCL11 differential expression in tumor tissue and nontumoral tissue and in different stages of cancers. Moreover, the correlations among CXCL11 expression, prognosis, mismatch repair, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor microenvironment, and immune-related genes were evaluated. Results CXCL11 expression was significantly higher in tumoral tissue than in nontumoral tissue for most types of cancer. Improved CXCL11 expression was related to an inconsistent prognosis in different cancers. CXCL11 was positively associated with CD8+ T cells and T follicular helper cells in the TME. High expression of CXCL11 was positively related to TMB in BLCA, BRCA, CESC, COAD, LGG, LUAD, OV, SKCM, STAD, THYM, and UCEC. A positive correlation between CXCL11 and MSI was found in COAD and UVM. Moreover, functional analysis of CXCL11 showed that high CXCL11 expression was significantly related to immune-relevant pathways. Conclusions CXCL11 might function as a prognostic and immunotherapy marker across cancers. Further investigation into CXCL11 might provide promising insights to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shukun Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baokang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chongli Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Lv
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yizhou Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Lang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Sattar RSA, Verma R, Nimisha, Kumar A, Dar GM, Apurva, Sharma AK, Kumari I, Ahmad E, Ali A, Mahajan B, Saluja SS. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer and the potential role of exosomes in drug delivery. Cell Signal 2022; 99:110413. [PMID: 35907519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third most common cancer with second most common cause of death worldwide. One fourth to one fifth of the CRC cases are detected at advance stage. Early detection of colorectal cancer might help in decreasing mortality and morbidity worldwide. CRC being a heterogeneous disease, new non-invasive approaches are needed to complement and improve the screening and management of CRC. Reliable and early detectable biomarkers would improve diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic responses, and will enable the prediction of drug response and recurrence risk. Over the past decades molecular research has demonstrated the potentials of CTCs, ctDNAs, circulating mRNA, ncRNAs, and exosomes as tumor biomarkers. Non-invasive screening approaches using fecal samples for identification of altered gut microbes in CRC is also gaining attention. Exosomes can be potential candidates that can be employed in the drug delivery system. Further, the integration of in vitro, in vivo and in silico models that involve CRC biomarkers will help to understand the interactions occurring at the cellular level. This review summarizes recent update on CRC biomarkers and their application along with the nanoparticles followed by the application of organoid culture in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Renu Verma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ghulam Mehdi Dar
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Apurva
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Indu Kumari
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Ejaj Ahmad
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Bhawna Mahajan
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Laboratory, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Ferreira A, Pereira F, Reis C, Oliveira MJ, Sousa MJ, Preto A. Crucial Role of Oncogenic KRAS Mutations in Apoptosis and Autophagy Regulation: Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142183. [PMID: 35883626 PMCID: PMC9319879 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS, one of the RAS protein family members, plays an important role in autophagy and apoptosis, through the regulation of several downstream effectors. In cancer cells, KRAS mutations confer the constitutive activation of this oncogene, stimulating cell proliferation, inducing autophagy, suppressing apoptosis, altering cell metabolism, changing cell motility and invasion and modulating the tumor microenvironment. In order to inhibit apoptosis, these oncogenic mutations were reported to upregulate anti-apoptotic proteins, including Bcl-xL and survivin, and to downregulate proteins related to apoptosis induction, including thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In addition, KRAS mutations are known to induce autophagy in order to promote cell survival and tumor progression through MAPK and PI3K regulation. Thus, these mutations confer resistance to anti-cancer drug treatment and, consequently, result in poor prognosis. Several therapies have been developed in order to overcome KRAS-induced cell death resistance and the downstream signaling pathways blockade, especially by combining MAPK and PI3K inhibitors, which demonstrated promising results. Understanding the involvement of KRAS mutations in apoptosis and autophagy regulation, might bring new avenues to the discovery of therapeutic approaches for CRCs harboring KRAS mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Flávia Pereira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Celso Reis
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Oliveira
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.R.); (M.J.O.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (INEB), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Preto
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (A.F.); (F.P.); (M.J.S.)
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-253-601524
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Jakubauskas M, Jakubauskiene L, Leber B, Horvath A, Strupas K, Stiegler P, Schemmer P. Probiotic Supplementation Suppresses Tumor Growth in an Experimental Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147674. [PMID: 35887022 PMCID: PMC9317910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in incidence and second in mortality of all cancers worldwide. At the time of primary diagnosis, around 20% of patients already have metastatic CRC and only around 20% are candidates for radical resection. Thus, most of the patients have to undergo chemotherapy (CTx). Due to chemoresistance and side effects, novel treatment additives are crucial for controlling the disease and prolonging patient survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate probiotic supplementation and its antitumorigenic effects in an experimental CRC liver metastasis model. Six-week-old male Wistar rats received either a multispecies probiotic (1.2 × 109 CFU/daily) or placebo mixture. On day 14 of the experiment, rat CRC cells (CC531) were implanted under the liver capsule later treated by FOLFOX CTx. Change in tumor volume was measured by performing micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning on experimental days 28 and 34. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining with anti-MPO, anti-Ki67, and anti-CD31 were performed. Tumor apoptosis was evaluated using TUNEL staining. Micro-CT image analysis indicates that probiotic supplementation significantly inhibits tumor growth. No synergistic effects between probiotic supplementation and FOLFOX CTx was observed. Reduced tumor volume was achieved by inhibiting angiogenesis, as tumor microvascular density was significantly lower in rats receiving probiotic supplementation. This study shows that a multispecies probiotic mixture significantly reduces angiogenesis and inhibits CRC liver metastasis growth in an experimental rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matas Jakubauskas
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.J.); (L.J.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Lina Jakubauskiene
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.J.); (L.J.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Bettina Leber
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.J.); (L.J.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Angela Horvath
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Kestutis Strupas
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, M. K. Ciurlionio Str. 21, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Philipp Stiegler
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.J.); (L.J.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-84094
| | - Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 2, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.J.); (L.J.); (B.L.); (P.S.)
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Bayat A, Raad M, Sharafshah A, Ahmadvand M, Aminian H. Identification of miR-195-5p as a novel prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6453-6457. [PMID: 35587844 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07462-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence indicated that transcription patterns of microRNAs could be used as promising biomarkers for numerous cancers. It is stated that miR-195-5p could be used as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of the current work was to explore the transcription level of miR-195-5p and its clinical relevance in CRC patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assess the tumor tissue sample of 140 CRC cases compared with normal adjacent tissue for the transcription of miR-195-5p and the clinicopathological relevance was statistically evaluated. We showed that tumor tissue miR-195-5p transcription was statistically downregulated in patients with CRC (median expression value 0.23, range 0.03-6.62) compared to normal adjacent tissue (median expression value 0.98, range 0.092-29.6, p < 0.001). The median transcription of miR-195-5p divided the CRC patients into miR-195-5p low-transcription (miR-195-5plow) and miR-195-5p high-transcription (miR-195-5phigh) groups. Furthermore, low miR-195-5p transcription level was statistically related with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation in CRC patients (all p-value < 0.05). Moreover, our results indicated that CRC cases with a decreased transcription level of miR-195-5p displayed a statistically shorter overall survival (OS) (p = 0.001) compared to higher miR-195-5p transcription. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the finding proposes that miR-195-5p might be a valuable biomarker and a prognostic factor for CRC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Bayat
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Sharafshah
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine Sciences, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ahmadvand
- Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hesam Aminian
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
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Xiong Q, Zeng Z, Yang Y, Wang Y, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, Qiu M, Zhu Q. KRAS Gene Copy Number as a Negative Predictive Biomarker for the Treatment of Metastatic Rectal Cancer With Cetuximab: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2022; 12:872630. [PMID: 35734602 PMCID: PMC9207953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.872630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Close to one third of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients are diagnosed with metastatic CRC (mCRC). Patients with wild-type RAS and BRAF usually receive anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody therapy containing cetuximab. Overall, 30–50% of mCRC patients are reported to harbor RAS mutations, and RAS mutation status should be assessed when considering EGFR inhibitor treatment according to mCRC biomarker guidelines. Of note, 0.67–2% of patients with CRC harbored a KRAS amplification. Here we reported a case of advanced rectal cancer with wild-type RAS and BRAF in a male patient who harbored a KRAS amplification during anti-EGFR treatment. Case Presentation A 46-year-old man was diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma with liver metastases (cT3NxM1a, stage IVA). After receiving first-line irinotecan- fluorouracil chemotherapy (FOLFIRI) plus cetuximab, second-line capecitabine- oxaliplatin chemotherapy (XELOX) plus bevacizumab, and third-line regorafenib, he rechallenged FOLFIRI and cetuximab for seven cycles, achieving a prolonged survival of at least 5 months. The KRAS copy number of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was assessed during treatment. Notably, apart from serum carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the change of plasm Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) copy number appeared to strongly correlate with treatment response. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the dynamic change of KRAS copy number on ctDNA during treatment might be a negative predictive biomarker. Additionally, RAS and BRAF wild-type mCRC patients who are resistant to first-line FOLFIRI plus cetuximab therapy may respond well to the FOLFIRI plus cetuximab “rechallenged” strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunli Xiong
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongfeng Xu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlu Liu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Role of Nano-miRNAs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126836. [PMID: 35743278 PMCID: PMC9223810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of gene expression, controlling different biological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The relationships between miRNA expression and the onset and progression of different diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and neurological disorders, are well known. A nanotechnology-based approach could match miRNA delivery and detection to move beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Different kinds of nanotechnologies can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNA-related diseases such as cancer. Developing novel methodologies aimed at clinical practice represents a big challenge for the early diagnosis of specific diseases. Within this context, nanotechnology represents a wide emerging area at the forefront of research over the last two decades, whose potential has yet to be fully attained. Nanomedicine, derived from nanotechnology, can exploit the unique properties of nanometer-sized particles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Through nanomedicine, specific treatment to counteract only cancer-cell proliferation will be improved, while leaving healthy cells intact. In this review, we dissect the properties of different nanocarriers and their roles in the early detection and treatment of cancer.
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Asefi M, Saidijam M, Rezvani N, Soltanian AR, Khalilian AR, Mahdavinezhad A. A novel epigenetic biomarker, plasma miR-138-5p gene promoter-methylated DNA, for colorectal cancer diagnosis. Per Med 2022; 19:315-325. [PMID: 35713553 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The miR-138-5p promoter-methylated DNA level, miR-138-5p and PDL1 expression were investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Materials & methods: miR-138-5p promoter methylation status and miR-138-5p expression were investigated using the MethyLight and qPCR method, respectively. For measuring PDL-1, we applied the Bioassay Technology Elisa kit. Results: The percentage of methylated reference values of plasma and tissue samples from patients was higher than control groups. The area under curve presented a sensitivity of 55% and a specificity of 82.5% for plasma samples. Compared with the control groups, lower expression of miR-138-5p and higher concentration of PDL1 protein were observed in the patients group. Conclusion: CRC may be detected early by identifying miR-138-5p methylated DNA in plasma as a diagnostic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Asefi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nayebali Rezvani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Soltanian
- Modeling of Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalilian
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Ali Mahdavinezhad
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine & Genetics, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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Adeleke S, Haslam A, Choy A, Diaz-Cano S, Galante JR, Mikropoulos C, Boussios S. Microsatellite instability testing in colorectal patients with Lynch syndrome: lessons learned from a case report and how to avoid such pitfalls. Per Med 2022; 19:277-286. [PMID: 35708161 DOI: 10.2217/pme-2021-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a patient with Lynch syndrome and metastatic colorectal carcinoma (mCRC). The initial immunohistochemistry (IHC) test for deficient mismatch repair gave a false negative result. However, the same mutation has accurately has been detected with IHC in other cancers with microsatellite instability (MSI) This supports the determining role of somatic missense mutations in MMR IHC. MSI-PCR testing confirmed MSI and the patient benefited from nivolumab with a complete metabolic response. We explain the rationale for immunotherapy in mCRC, current testing strategies and discuss future developments in MSI testing. We advocate for upfront testing using both IHC and MSI-PCR to direct therapy in mCRC, and a greater understanding of IHC and MSI-PCR testing pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sola Adeleke
- High Dimensional Neurology Group, UCL Queen's Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.,Department of Oncology, Guy's & St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.,School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Aidan Haslam
- South Bristol Academy, Dolphin House, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Marlborough Street, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - Adrian Choy
- Department of Oncology, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Salvador Diaz-Cano
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK.,Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent, ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Joao R Galante
- Maidstone Hospital, Hermitage Lane, Maidstone, Kent, ME16 9QQ, UK
| | - Christos Mikropoulos
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent, ME7 5NY, UK
| | - Stergios Boussios
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medway NHS Foundation Trust, Windmill Road, Gillingham, Kent, ME7 5NY, UK.,King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, London, SE1 9RT, UK.,AELIA Organization, 9th Km Thessaloniki, Thermi, Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
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Fernández Montes A, Élez E, Vivancos A, Martínez N, González P, Covela M, de la Cámara J, Cousillas A, Méndez JC, Graña B, Aranda E. Monitoring of RAS mutant clones in plasma of patients with RAS mutant metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1209-1214. [PMID: 34997474 PMCID: PMC9107427 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Some patients with histologically confirmed primary mCRC and mutated RAS reported undetectable RAS mutant clones in plasma after receiving anti-VEGF treatment. The aim was to prospectively assess it with its potential therapeutic implications. Methods RAS mutant genes in solid biopsy (before first-line treatment: FOLFOX/CAPOX + bevacizumab) were compared in liquid biopsy (before second-line treatment: panitumumab + FOLFIRI), using Idylla™ system. Discordant results between solid/liquid biopsies were assessed by the next-generation sequencing (NGS) test (solid/liquid biopsies). Results Twenty-three patients were assessed (seven had RAS mutant discrepancies between solid/liquid biopsies). The NGS test confirmed that 3/23 (13%) patients had undetectable RAS mutant clones in liquid biopsy and 3/23 (13%) presented discrepancies in solid biopsy (Idylla™ system vs. NGS test). Conclusion Thirteen percentage of patients had undetectable RAS mutant clones in liquid biopsy after first-line treatment. However, some discrepancies between solid and liquid biopsies have been observed. These results suggest a need to improve accuracy of RAS analyses, especially in solid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fernández Montes
- Medical Oncology Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain.
| | - E Élez
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Vivancos
- Cancer Genomics Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Martínez
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - P González
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain
| | - M Covela
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Lucus Augusti, Lugo, Spain
| | - J de la Cámara
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Arquitecto Marcide, Ferrol, Spain
| | - A Cousillas
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Provincial de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - J C Méndez
- Medical Oncology Department, Centro Oncológico de Galicia, A Coruña, Spain
| | - B Graña
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - E Aranda
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
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Katsaounou K, Nicolaou E, Vogazianos P, Brown C, Stavrou M, Teloni S, Hatzis P, Agapiou A, Fragkou E, Tsiaoussis G, Potamitis G, Zaravinos A, Andreou C, Antoniades A, Shiammas C, Apidianakis Y. Colon Cancer: From Epidemiology to Prevention. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060499. [PMID: 35736432 PMCID: PMC9229931 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers affecting humans, with a complex genetic and environmental aetiology. Unlike cancers with known environmental, heritable, or sex-linked causes, sporadic CRC is hard to foresee and has no molecular biomarkers of risk in clinical use. One in twenty CRC cases presents with an established heritable component. The remaining cases are sporadic and associated with partially obscure genetic, epigenetic, regenerative, microbiological, dietary, and lifestyle factors. To tackle this complexity, we should improve the practice of colonoscopy, which is recommended uniformly beyond a certain age, to include an assessment of biomarkers indicative of individual CRC risk. Ideally, such biomarkers will be causal to the disease and potentially modifiable upon dietary or therapeutic interventions. Multi-omics analysis, including transcriptional, epigenetic as well as metagenomic, and metabolomic profiles, are urgently required to provide data for risk analyses. The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on the multifactorial derailment of homeostasis leading to the initiation of CRC, which may be explored via multi-omics and Gut-on-Chip analysis to identify much-needed predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki Katsaounou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | | | - Paris Vogazianos
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Cameron Brown
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Marios Stavrou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Savvas Teloni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Agapios Agapiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus;
| | | | | | | | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus;
- Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Chrysafis Andreou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (M.S.); (C.A.)
| | - Athos Antoniades
- Stremble Ventures Ltd., Limassol 4042, Cyprus; (P.V.); (C.B.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Yiorgos Apidianakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 2109, Cyprus; (K.K.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Bosque J, Guirao C, Ferrández A, Suarez N, Castillejo MI, Anguita D, Pamies M, Moya A, Soto JL, Gallego Plazas J. Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in colorectal cancer: a proof of concept with simplified methodology. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1924-1931. [PMID: 35499600 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free DNA analysis (cfDNA) holds promise for residual disease or tumor burden quantification in colorectal cancer, with reduced costs and diagnostic equipment compared to gold standard-specific tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis. METHODS This prospective case-control study included 46 colorectal cancer patients and healthy controls to perform cfDNA quantification by fluorometry using Quantus Fluorometer (Promega, Madison, WI) and using cell-free DNA ScreenTape assay (Agilent) and 4200 TapeStation instrument (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA). cfDNA quantification results were correlated with stage, clinical and histopathological features. RESULTS 33 localized (8 stage I, 12 stage II, and 13 stage III) and 13 advanced colorectal cancer patients were included. No differences in cfDNA quantification by fluorometry were demonstrated depending on stage or histopathological features in localized disease patients. Differences in cfDNA quantification by fluorometry could be demonstrated in patients with advanced disease depending on the presence of liver metastases and synchronous or metachronous metastatic disease. Differences in cfDNA quantification by fluorometry could be demonstrated between advanced colorectal cancer patients and both localized disease patients and healthy controls. Secondary cfDNA analysis by electrophoresis, although showing more specificity to measure ctDNA in cfDNA values, could not improve the capacity to detect differences between analyzed a groups beyond previously achieved with fluorometry. CONCLUSION This exploratory analysis of cfDNA based on fluorometry and electrophoresis methods showed promising results discriminating colorectal cancer and non-cancer patients, as well as different colorectal cancer stages and disease profiles. Further studies are needed to increase our knowledge and to help to overcome barriers to broader implementation and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Bosque
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Carlos Guirao
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Asia Ferrández
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Noelia Suarez
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Castillejo
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Elche University Hospital, 03203, Elche, Spain.,Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), FISABIO-Elche Health Department, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Diana Anguita
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - María Pamies
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Alejandro Moya
- Biostatistics Department, FISABIO-Elche Health Department, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Soto
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Elche University Hospital, 03203, Elche, Spain.,Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), FISABIO-Elche Health Department, 03203, Elche, Spain
| | - Javier Gallego Plazas
- Medical Oncology Department, Elche University Hospital, Camí Làlmazara s/n, 03203, Elche, Spain.
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