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Ai X, Lin R, Ali Z, Zhu Q, Ding L, Shi H, Hong M. Seasonal changes in hepatic lipid metabolism and apoptosis in Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 280:109883. [PMID: 38437998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) hibernates without eating and drinking when the ambient temperature is very low. To better understand the characteristics of energy utilization during hibernation, the turtles in the physiological phases of summer active (SA), Pre-Hibernation (Pre-H), Mid-Hibernation (Mid-H) and early arousal (EA) were sampled. The results showed that the levels of serum triglyceride and hepatic lipid droplet were markedly increased in Pre-H and decreased in Mid-H compared with that in SA, indicating that P. sinensis experiences lipid accumulation in Pre-H and lipid is the predominant energy reserve during hibernation. The mRNA expression levels of genes (FABP and CPT-2) involved in lipolysis and lipid oxidation were up-regulated in Mid-H, while the genes related to lipid synthesis (FAS, ACSL-1, ACC, elovl5, and SCD1) were inhibited in Mid-H. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress marker gene Bip and key genes (ATF4, ATF6, and IRE1α) involving the unfolded protein response were significantly increased in Mid-H and EA. Also, the expression levels of genes (ASK1, JNK1, and Bax) associated with cell apoptosis increased in Mid-H and EA, however, the expression of Bcl2 was inhibited in Mid-H. Therefore, hibernation can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. The findings will provide a theoretical framework for an animal's cold adaptation and offer insights into preventing and managing metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Ai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Rui Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zeeshan Ali
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qingjun Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Kamata T, Yamada S, Sekijima T. Differential AMPK-mediated metabolic regulation observed in hibernation-style polymorphisms in Siberian chipmunks. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1220058. [PMID: 37664438 PMCID: PMC10468594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1220058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is a unique physiological phenomenon allowing extreme hypothermia in endothermic mammals. Hypometabolism and hypothermia tolerance in hibernating animals have been investigated with particular interest; recently, studies of cultured cells and manipulation of the nervous system have made it possible to reproduce physiological states related to hypothermia induction. However, much remains unknown about the periodic regulation of hibernation. In particular, the physiological mechanisms facilitating the switch from an active state to a hibernation period, including behavioral changes and the acquisition of hypothermia tolerance remain to be elucidated. AMPK is a protein known to play a central role not only in feeding behavior but also in metabolic regulation in response to starvation. Our previous research has revealed that chipmunks activate AMPK in the brain during hibernation. However, whether AMPK is activated during winter in non-hibernating animals is unknown. Previous comparative studies between hibernating and non-hibernating animals have often been conducted between different species, consequently it has been impossible to account for the effects of phylogenetic differences. Our long-term monitoring of siberian chipmunks, has revealed intraspecific variation between those individuals that hibernate annually and those that never become hypothermic. Apparent differences were found between hibernating and non-hibernating types with seasonal changes in lifespan and blood HP levels. By comparing seasonal changes in AMPK activity between these polymorphisms, we clarified the relationship between hibernation and AMPK regulation. In hibernating types, phosphorylation of p-AMPK and p-ACC was enhanced throughout the brain during hibernation, indicating that AMPK-mediated metabolic regulation is activated. In non-hibernating types, AMPK and ACC were not seasonally activated. In addition, AMPK activation in the hypothalamus had already begun during high Tb before hibernation. Changes in AMPK activity in the brain during hibernation may be driven by circannual rhythms, suggesting a hibernation-regulatory mechanism involving AMPK activation independent of Tb. The differences in brain AMPK regulation between hibernators and non-hibernators revealed in this study were based on a single species thus did not involve phylogenetic differences, thereby supporting the importance of brain temperature-independent AMPK activation in regulating seasonal metabolism in hibernating animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taito Kamata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yamada
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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Zhou H, Liu H, Yu Y, Yuan X, Xiao L. Informatics on Drug Repurposing for Breast Cancer. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1933-1943. [PMID: 37405253 PMCID: PMC10315146 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s417563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Moving a new drug from bench to bedside is a long and arduous process. The tactic of drug repurposing, which solves "new" diseases with "old" existing drugs, is more efficient and economical than conventional ab-initio way for drug development. Information technology has dramatically changed the paradigm of biomedical research in the new century, and drug repurposing studies have been significantly accelerated by implementing informatics techniques related to genomics, systems biology and biophysics during the past few years. A series of remarkable achievements in this field comes with the practical applications of in silico approaches including transcriptomic signature matching, gene-connection-based scanning, and simulated structure docking in repositioning drug therapies against breast cancer. In this review, we systematically curated these impressive accomplishments with summarization of the main findings on potentially repurposable drugs, and provide our insights into the current issues as well as future directions of the field. With the prospective improvement in reliability, the computer-assisted repurposing strategy will play a more critical role in drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Lymphoma and Hematology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongdou Liu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changsha Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changsha Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Changsha Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Guangzhou Kingmed Center for Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Puspitasari A, Squarcio F, Quartieri M, Totis C, Hitrec T, Takahashi A, Yoshida Y, Hanamura K, Yako T, Cerri M, Simoniello P, Durante M, Tinganelli W. Synthetic torpor protects rats from exposure to accelerated heavy ions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16405. [PMID: 36180516 PMCID: PMC9525701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20382-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation or torpor is considered a possible tool to protect astronauts from the deleterious effects of space radiation that contains high-energy heavy ions. We induced synthetic torpor in rats by injecting adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate (5'-AMP) i.p. and maintaining in low ambient temperature room (+ 16 °C) for 6 h immediately after total body irradiation (TBI) with accelerated carbon ions (C-ions). The 5'-AMP treatment in combination with low ambient temperature reduced skin temperature and increased survival following 8 Gy C-ion irradiation compared to saline-injected animals. Analysis of the histology of the brain, liver and lungs showed that 5'-AMP treatment following 2 Gy TBI reduced activated microglia, Iba1 positive cells in the brain, apoptotic cells in the liver, and damage to the lungs, suggesting that synthetic torpor spares tissues from energetic ion radiation. The application of 5'-AMP in combination with either hypoxia or low temperature environment for six hours following irradiation of rat retinal pigment epithelial cells delays DNA repair and suppresses the radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe compared to control cells. We conclude that synthetic torpor protects animals from cosmic ray-simulated radiation and the mechanism involves both hypothermia and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anggraeini Puspitasari
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.,Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Fabio Squarcio
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Martina Quartieri
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cristina Totis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Kenji Hanamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yako
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Gunma, 371-8511, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Sezione Di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Palma Simoniello
- Department of Science and Technology, Parthenope University of Naples, 80133, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Durante
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum Für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Hibernation slows epigenetic ageing in yellow-bellied marmots. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:418-426. [PMID: 35256811 PMCID: PMC8986532 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Species that hibernate generally live longer than would be expected based solely on their body size. Hibernation is characterized by long periods of metabolic suppression (torpor) interspersed by short periods of increased metabolism (arousal). The torpor–arousal cycles occur multiple times during hibernation, and it has been suggested that processes controlling the transition between torpor and arousal states cause ageing suppression. Metabolic rate is also a known correlate of longevity; we thus proposed the ‘hibernation–ageing hypothesis’ whereby ageing is suspended during hibernation. We tested this hypothesis in a well-studied population of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer), which spend 7–8 months per year hibernating. We used two approaches to estimate epigenetic age: the epigenetic clock and the epigenetic pacemaker. Variation in epigenetic age of 149 samples collected throughout the life of 73 females was modelled using generalized additive mixed models (GAMM), where season (cyclic cubic spline) and chronological age (cubic spline) were fixed effects. As expected, the GAMM using epigenetic ages calculated from the epigenetic pacemaker was better able to detect nonlinear patterns in epigenetic ageing over time. We observed a logarithmic curve of epigenetic age with time, where the epigenetic age increased at a higher rate until females reached sexual maturity (two years old). With respect to circannual patterns, the epigenetic age increased during the active season and essentially stalled during the hibernation period. Taken together, our results are consistent with the hibernation–ageing hypothesis and may explain the enhanced longevity in hibernators. Species that hibernate generally have longer lifespans than expected based on their body size. The authors show epigenetic ageing patterns from a natural population of hibernating yellow-bellied marmots consistent with the hypothesis that ageing is suspended during hibernation.
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Voronova IP. 5-HT Receptors and Temperature Homeostasis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1914. [PMID: 34944557 PMCID: PMC8699715 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes the data concerning the influence of serotonin (5-HT) receptors on body temperature in warm-blooded animals and on processes associated with its maintenance. This review includes the most important part of investigations from the first studies to the latest ones. The established results on the pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A, 5-HT3, 5-HT7 and 5-HT2 receptor types are discussed. Such activation of the first 3 type of receptors causes a decrease in body temperature, whereas the 5-HT2 activation causes its increase. Physiological mechanisms leading to changes in body temperature as a result of 5-HT receptors' activation are discussed. In case of 5-HT1A receptor, they include an inhibition of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, as well simultaneous increase of peripheral blood flow, i.e., the processes of heat production and heat loss. The physiological processes mediated by 5-HT2 receptor are opposite to those of the 5-HT1A receptor. Mechanisms of 5-HT3 and 5-HT7 receptor participation in these processes are yet to be studied in more detail. Some facts indicating that in natural conditions, without pharmacological impact, these 5-HT receptors are important links in the system of temperature homeostasis, are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina P. Voronova
- Department of Thermophysiology, Scientific Research Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Cerri M, Hitrec T, Luppi M, Amici R. Be cool to be far: Exploiting hibernation for space exploration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:218-232. [PMID: 34144115 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, torpor/hibernation is a state that is characterized by an active reduction in metabolic rate followed by a progressive decrease in body temperature. Torpor was successfully mimicked in non-hibernators by inhibiting the activity of neurons within the brainstem region of the Raphe Pallidus, or by activating the adenosine A1 receptors in the brain. This state, called synthetic torpor, may be exploited for many medical applications, and for space exploration, providing many benefits for biological adaptation to the space environment, among which an enhanced protection from cosmic rays. As regards the use of synthetic torpor in space, to fully evaluate the degree of physiological advantage provided by this state, it is strongly advisable to move from Earth-based experiments to 'in the field' tests, possibly on board the International Space Station.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Luppi
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum -University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S.Donato, 2 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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