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Wang F, Xu J, Wang Z, Cao J, Lu Y. Response signatures of intestinal microbiota and gene transcription of the pearl gentian grouper to Vibrio harveyi infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109590. [PMID: 38677631 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi causes high mortality and severely limits grouper culture. The gut microbiota is an important biological barrier against pathogen invasion. In this study, we investigated dynamic changes in the intestinal microbial community, gene transcription and immune responses signatures of pearl gentian grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♂ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♀) at 0, 3 and 7 days (referred to as d0, d3 and d7 groups, respectively) after infection with V. harveyi. The results demonstrated that the d7 treatment reduced the gut microbial diversity and increased the proportion of Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria. Notably, several putative pathogenic genera (Sphingomonas and Bacteroides) proliferated, while putative probiotic genera (Rhodococcus and Lactobacillus) reduced, and these changes in intestinal bacteria might be correlated to the alterations of host immune-related molecules. The d3 and d7 treatments also altered the histomorphology and gene transcription profiles mainly associated with immune function in intestine, such as 'MAPK signaling pathway', 'Apoptosis' and 'Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway'. Furthermore, d3 group induced a homeostatic dysregulation of the antioxidant system, cytokines and TLR signaling, with a tendency to gradually return to a normal state in d7 group, along with the apoptosis process. The pathogenic infection suppressed the expression of JNK pathway and enhanced the ERK pathway. In conclusion, the dysbiosis of the intestinal bacterial communities caused by the immune changes that occurred during V. harveyi infection disrupted the intestine health in the pearl gentian grouper. These results provided a comprehensive understandings of the immune defense mechanisms in fish and valuable references to develop disease control strategies in grouper aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Junming Cao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Yishan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen, 518210, China; College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China.
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Hajra D, Kirthivasan N, Chakravortty D. Symbiotic Synergy from Sponges to Humans: Microflora-Host Harmony Is Crucial for Ensuring Survival and Shielding against Invading Pathogens. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:317-336. [PMID: 38170903 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays several roles in the host organism's metabolism and physiology. This phenomenon holds across different species from different kingdoms and classes. Different species across various classes engage in continuous crosstalk via various mechanisms with their gut microbiota, ensuring homeostasis of the host. In this Review, the diversity of the microflora, the development of the microflora in the host, its regulations by the host, and its functional implications on the host, especially in the context of dysbiosis, are discussed across different organisms from sponges to humans. Overall, our review aims to address the indispensable nature of the microbiome in the host's survival, fitness, and protection against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipasree Hajra
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Nikhita Kirthivasan
- Undergraduate Programme, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka-560012, India
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3
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Wang Y, He Y, Liang Y, Liu H, Chen X, Kulyar MFEA, Shahzad A, Wei K, Li K. Fecal microbiota transplantation attenuates Escherichia coli infected outgrowth by modulating the intestinal microbiome. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:30. [PMID: 36803386 PMCID: PMC9936653 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the crucial role of gut microbiota in animal and human health, studies on modulating the intestinal microbiome for therapeutic purposes have grasped a significant attention, of which the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been emphasized. METHODS In the current study, we evaluated the effect of FMT on gut functions in Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection by using mice model. Moreover, we also investigated the subsequently dependent variables of infection, i.e., body weight, mortality, intestinal histopathology, and the expression changes in tight junction proteins (TJPs). RESULTS The FMT effectively decreased weight loss and mortality to a certain extent with the restoration of intestinal villi that resulted in high histological scores for jejunum tissue damage (p < 0.05). The effect of FMT on alleviating the reduction of intestinal TJPs was also proved by immunohistochemistry analysis and mRNA expression levels. Moreover, the abundance of health-threatening bacteria, belonging to phylum Proteobacteria, family Enterobacteriaceae and Tannerellaceae, genus Escherichia-Shigella, Sphingomonas, Collinsella, etc., were significantly increased, whereas beneficial bacteria, belonging to phylum Firmicutes, family Lactobacillaceae, genus Lactobacillus were decreased in the gut of infected mice. Furthermore, we sought to investigate the association of clinical symptoms with FMT treatment with modulation in gut microbiota. According to beta diversity, the microbial community of gut microbiota results reflected the similarities between non-infected and FMT groups. The improvement of the intestinal microbiota in FMT group was characterized by the significant high level of beneficial microorganisms with the synergistic decrease of Escherichia-Shigella, Acinetobacter, and other taxa. CONCLUSION The findings suggest a beneficial host-microbiome correlation following fecal microbiota transplanatation for controlling gut infections and pathogens-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China ,grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan He
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023 China
| | - Han Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023 China
| | - Xiushuang Chen
- grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China ,grid.27871.3b0000 0000 9750 7019MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 People’s Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- grid.35155.370000 0004 1790 4137College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 People’s Republic of China
| | - Asim Shahzad
- grid.412496.c0000 0004 0636 6599Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100 Pakistan
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Engineering Research Center of TCM Resource Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, 530023, China.
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China. .,MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao J, Pan J, Zhang Z, Chen Z, Mai K, Zhang Y. Fishmeal Protein Replacement by Defatted and Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Juvenile Turbot Diet: Effects on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:8128141. [PMID: 37089257 PMCID: PMC10115534 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8128141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of the same fishmeal protein level replaced by black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) meal (BSFL) with different lipid contents on the growth performance and intestinal health of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) (initial body weight 12.64 g). Three isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: fish meal-based diet (FM), diets DF and FF, in which 14% fish meal protein of the FM diet was replaced by defatted and full-fat BSFL, respectively. There were no significant differences in growth performance, intestinal morphology, and mucosal barrier function between the DF and the FM group. However, diet FF markedly reduced the growth performance, intestinal perimeter ratio, and the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β (P < 0.05). Compared to group FF, the communities of intestinal microbiota in group DF were more similar to group FM. Moreover, diet DF decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria and enriched the potential probiotics, such as Bacillus. Diet FF obviously altered the composition of intestinal microbiota and increased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. These results suggested that the application of defatted BSFL showed more positive effects on fish growth and intestinal health than the full-fat BSFL, and the intestinal microbiota was closely involved in these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jintao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhichu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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5
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Nadarajapillai K, Udayantha HMV, Sellaththurai S, Kasthuriarachchi TDW, Kim G, Lee J. Expression profile and molecular function of beclin-1 in Epinephelus akaara in response to immune stimuli and oxidative stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108490. [PMID: 36509415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Beclin-1, the mammalian ortholog of the yeast autophagy-related gene 6 (Atg 6), is a key regulator of autophagy. A variety of health and disease conditions in mammals are intricately related to the broad spectrum of beclin-1 functions. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the role of beclin-1 in fish. In this study, we identified and cloned the beclin-1 cDNA (EaBECN-1) of Epinephelus akaara (red-spotted grouper) and carried out in silico analysis, tissue-specific expression analysis, immune challenge experiment, and in vitro analysis of its roles against viral infection and oxidative stress. The open reading frame was 1344 bp long and encoded 447 amino acids with a molecular weight of 51.2 kDa. Beclin-1 consisted of a conserved N-terminal BH3 and APG6 domains, and shared more than 88% identity with other vertebrates, according to a pairwise sequence alignment. EaBECN-1 expression profile analysis in E. akaara revealed that it is mostly expressed in the blood. Moreover, transcriptional modulation of EaBECN-1 was observed following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C)), and nervous necrosis virus. During the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus challenge, increased viral gene expression was observed at 12 h post-infection in FHM cells ectopically expressing EaBECN-1, and decreased thereafter at 24 h post-infection compared to control cells. However, increased antiviral gene expression at 12 and 24 h confirmed the antiviral function of EaBECN-1. Furthermore, EaBECN-1 overexpression protected the cells against H2O2-mediated apoptosis, as evidenced by the MTT assay, analysis of mRNA expression levels of apoptotic genes, and AO-EtBr staining. Overall, our study demonstrated the protective role of EaBECN-1 against viral pathogenesis and oxidative stress through autophagy, increasing our understanding of the role of beclin-1 in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kishanthini Nadarajapillai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - H M V Udayantha
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarithaa Sellaththurai
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - T D W Kasthuriarachchi
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Kim
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Jehee Lee
- Department of Marine Life Sciences & Fish Vaccine Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63243, Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju Self-Governing Province, 63333, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Huang Z, Zhan M, Cheng G, Lin R, Zhai X, Zheng H, Wang Q, Yu Y, Xu Z. IHNV Infection Induces Strong Mucosal Immunity and Changes of Microbiota in Trout Intestine. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081838. [PMID: 36016461 PMCID: PMC9415333 DOI: 10.3390/v14081838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fish intestinal mucosa is among the main sites through which environmental microorganisms interact with the host. Therefore, this tissue not only constitutes the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms but also plays a crucial role in commensal colonization. The interaction between the mucosal immune system, commensal microbiota, and viral pathogens has been extensively described in the mammalian intestine. However, very few studies have characterized these interactions in early vertebrates such as teleosts. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was infected with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) via a recently developed immersion method to explore the effects of viral infection on gut immunity and microbial community structure. IHNV successfully invaded the gut mucosa of trout, resulting in severe tissue damage, inflammation, and an increase in gut mucus. Moreover, viral infection triggered a strong innate and adaptive immune response in the gut, and RNA−seq analysis indicated that both antiviral and antibacterial immune pathways were induced, suggesting that the viral infection was accompanied by secondary bacterial infection. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing also revealed that IHNV infection induced severe dysbiosis, which was characterized by large increases in the abundance of Bacteroidetes and pathobiont proliferation. Moreover, the fish that survived viral infection exhibited a reversal of tissue damage and inflammation, and their microbiome was restored to its pre−infection state. Our findings thus demonstrated that the relationships between the microbiota and gut immune system are highly sensitive to the physiological changes triggered by viral infection. Therefore, opportunistic bacterial infection must also be considered when developing strategies to control viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Huang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mengting Zhan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gaofeng Cheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ruiqi Lin
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xue Zhai
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haiou Zheng
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingchao Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongyao Yu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Correspondence:
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Li M, Wang J, Deng H, Li L, Huang X, Chen D, Ouyang P, Geng Y, Yang S, Yin L, Luo W, Jiang J. The Damage of the Crayfish (Procambarus Clarkii) Digestive Organs Caused by Citrobacter Freundii Is Associated With the Disturbance of Intestinal Microbiota and Disruption of Intestinal-Liver Axis Homeostasis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:940576. [PMID: 35865811 PMCID: PMC9295903 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.940576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common conditional pathogenic bacterium in nature, C. freundii has posed a threat to crayfish culture and may infect humans through consumption. However, the pathogenic mechanism of C. freundii in crayfish remains unknown, which poses difficulties for the prevention and control of the bacterium. In this study, the effects of C. freundii on the digestive organs, intestine and hepatopancreas, of crayfish were investigated by high-throughput sequencing technology combined with histological analysis and flow cytometry. The findings suggested that C. freundii caused disruption of the intestinal microbiota, leading to intestinal inflammation and disrupting intestinal integrity. Meanwhile, C. freundii infection stimulates bile acid biosynthesis in the intestinal microbiota. Transcriptomic results showed significant upregulation of hepatopancreatic lipid degradation pathway and cytochrome P450-related pathways. Follow-up experiments confirmed a decrease in intracellular lipids and an increase in ROS and apoptosis. All the results indicated the disruption of intestinal-liver axis homeostasis due to disturbed intestinal microbiota may as a potential basis for C. freundii pathopoiesis in crayfish. These results provide new insights into the pathogenic molecular mechanisms of C. freundii in the infection of crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiling Deng
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangyu Li
- Fishery Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Wenjiang, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyu Li, ; Xiaoli Huang,
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Liangyu Li, ; Xiaoli Huang,
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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8
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Couch C, Sanders J, Sweitzer D, Deignan K, Cohen L, Broughton H, Steingass S, Beechler B. The relationship between dietary trophic level, parasites and the microbiome of Pacific walrus ( Odobenus rosmarus divergens). Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220079. [PMID: 35382593 PMCID: PMC8984803 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Arctic species are likely to experience rapid shifts in prey availability under climate change, which may alter their exposure to microbes and parasites. Here, we describe fecal bacterial and macroparasite communities and assess correlations with diet trophic level in Pacific walruses harvested during subsistence hunts by members of the Native Villages of Gambell and Savoonga on St Lawrence Island, Alaska. Fecal bacterial communities were dominated by relatively few taxa, mostly belonging to phyla Fusobacteriota and Firmicutes. Members of parasite-associated phyla Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Platyhelminthes were prevalent in our study population. We hypothesized that high versus low prey trophic level (e.g. fish versus bivalves) would result in different gut bacterial and macroparasite communities. We found that bacterial community structure correlated to diet, with nine clades enriched in walruses consuming higher-trophic-level prey. While no parasite compositional differences were found at the phylum level, the cestode genus Diphyllobothrium was more prevalent and abundant in walruses consuming higher-trophic-level prey, probably because fish are the intermediate hosts for this genus. This study suggests that diet is important for structuring both parasite and microbial communities of this culturally and ecologically important species, with potential implications for population health under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Couch
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin Sanders
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Danielle Sweitzer
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kristen Deignan
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lesley Cohen
- Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Heather Broughton
- Department of Biology, Oregon State University-Cascades, Bend, OR, USA
| | - Sheanna Steingass
- Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Oregon State University Marine Mammal Institute, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Brianna Beechler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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9
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Rosado D, Pérez-Losada M, Severino R, Xavier R. Monitoring Infection and Antibiotic Treatment in the Skin Microbiota of Farmed European Seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) Fingerlings. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:789-797. [PMID: 34245329 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota of fish skin, the primary barrier against disease, is highly dynamic and modulated by several factors. In fish aquaculture, disease outbreaks occur mainly during early-life stages, with associated high economic losses. Antibiotic treatments sometimes remain the best option to control bacterial diseases, despite many reported negative impacts of its use on fish and associated microbiota. Notwithstanding, studies monitoring the effects of disease and antibiotic treatment on the microbiota of fingerlings are scarce. We sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA V4 gene region using a metabarcoding approach to assess the impact of a mixed infection with Photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida and Vibrio harveyi and subsequent antibiotic treatment with flumequine, on the skin microbiota of farmed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Both infection and antibiotic treatment led to a significant increase in bacterial diversity and core microbial communities and impacted microbiome structure. Dysbiosis was confirmed by changes in the abundance of potential pathogenic and opportunistic bacterial taxa. Skin bacterial metabolic function was also significantly affected by flumequine administration, suggesting a detriment to fish skin health. Our results add to an increasing body of literature, showing how fish microbiome response to infection and antibiotics cannot be easily predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosado
- CIBIO-InBIO, Investigation Centre for Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution, Porto University, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Marcos Pérez-Losada
- CIBIO-InBIO, Investigation Centre for Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution, Porto University, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal
- Computational Biology Institute, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052-0066, USA
| | - Ricardo Severino
- Piscicultura Vale da Lama, Sapal Do Vale da Lama, Odiáxere, 8600-258, Lagos, Portugal
| | - Raquel Xavier
- CIBIO-InBIO, Investigation Centre for Biodiversity, Genetics and Evolution, Porto University, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, 4485-661, Porto, Portugal.
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Effects of Antrodia camphorata-Supplemented Diets on the Non-Specific Immune Responses and Disease Resistance of Orange-Spotted Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) against Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10040458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In Taiwan, the mushroom Antrodia camphorata (AC) is used for medicinal purposes, including cancer prevention and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AC-supplemented diets on the innate immunity and disease resistance of the orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides against two bacterial infections—Vibrio alginolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. Orange-spotted groupers were fed AC-supplemented diets at 0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 g kg−1 for 28 days and examined for innate immune responses and survival rates against V. alginolyticus and S. iniae. The results showed that the innate cellular and humoral immune parameters, including respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, and lysozyme activity of leukocytes, along with serum alternative complement activity (ACH50) and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6, were all significantly increased in groupers fed AC-supplemented diets. Groupers fed diets containing AC at doses higher than 3.0 g kg−1 had better survival rates than the control group 3–18 days after V. alginolyticus or S. iniae challenge. The enhanced disease resistance may be attributable to AC-induced innate immunity, suggesting that utilizing AC as a dietary supplement at 3.0 g kg−1 may enhance the disease resistance of orange-spotted groupers against Vibrio or Streptococcus infection.
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Castejón P, Cabas I, Gómez V, Chaves-Pozo E, Cerezo-Ortega I, Moriñigo MÁ, Martínez-Manzanares E, Galindo-Villegas J, García-Ayala A. Vaccination of Gilthead Seabream After Continuous Xenoestrogen Oral Exposure Enhances the Gut Endobolome and Immune Status via GPER1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:742827. [PMID: 34721409 PMCID: PMC8551918 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.742827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In fish culture settings, the exogenous input of steroids is a matter of concern. Recently, we unveiled that in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor agonist G-1 (G1) and the endocrine disruptor 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are potent modulators in polyreactive antibody production. However, the integral role of the microbiota upon immunity and antibody processing in response to the effect of EE2 remains largely unexplored. Here, juvenile seabreams continuously exposed for 84 days to oral G1 or EE2 mixed in the fish food were intraperitoneally (i.p.) immune primed on day 42 with the model antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). A critical panel of systemic and mucosal immune markers, serum VTG, and humoral, enzymatic, and bacteriolytic activities were recorded and correlated with gut bacterial metagenomic analysis 1 day post-priming (dpp). Besides, at 15 dpp, animals received a boost to investigate the possible generation of specific anti-KLH antibodies at the systemic and mucosal interphases by the end of the trial. On day 43, EE2 but not G1 induced a significant shift in the serum VTG level of naive fish. Simultaneously, significant changes in some immune enzymatic activities in the serum and gut mucus of the EE2-treated group were recorded. In comparison, the vaccine priming immunization resulted in an attenuated profile of most enzymatic activities in the same group. The gut genes qPCR analysis exhibited a related pattern, only emphasized by a significant shift in the EE2 group's il1b expression. The gut bacterial microbiome status underwent 16S rRNA dynamic changes in alpha diversity indices, only with the exposure to oral G1, supporting functional alterations on cellular processes, signaling, and lipid metabolism in the microbiota. By the same token, the immunization elevated the relative abundance of Fusobacteria only in the control group, while this phylum was depleted in both the treated groups. Remarkably, the immunization also promoted changes in the bacterial class Betaproteobacteria and the estrogen-associated genus Novosphingobium. Furthermore, systemic and mucosal KLH-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgT levels in the fully vaccinated fish showed only slight changes 84 days post-estrogenic oral administration. In summary, our results highlight the intrinsic relationship among estrogens, their associated receptors, and immunization in the ubiquitous fish immune regulation and the subtle but significant crosstalk with the gut endobolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Castejón
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Victoria Gómez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Chaves-Pozo
- Aquaculture Department, Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Isabel Cerezo-Ortega
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Moriñigo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Alfonsa García-Ayala
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Instituto Murciano de Investigacion Biosanitaria (IMIB), Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Murcia, Spain
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