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Lechien JR, Saussez S. Injection of Platelet Rich Plasma in the Olfactory Cleft for COVID-19 Patients With Persistent Olfactory Dysfunction: Description of the Technique. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2024; 103:115S-119S. [PMID: 36219733 PMCID: PMC9554570 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221124773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we described technique of platelet rich plasma injection into the olfactory cleft in a 22-year-old female with 24-month post-COVID-19 anosmia. The technique starts with the blood extraction and the isolation of PRP through a 10-min centrifugation. The supernatant was injected in nasal regions after a local anesthesia through a 0° rigid optic. Several points of .2-.5 mL were performed in the nasal septum in regard of the head of the middle turbine and in the head of the middle turbine in both sides. The baseline threshold, discrimination, and identification scores were 1, 8, and 0, and the Olfactory Disorder Questionnaire score was 51, respectively. The injection of PRP in olfactory cleft was done without complication and mild pain. The patient perception of recovery of smell sense occurred at 3-week post-injection. From this time, the smell sense progressively improved to the 2-month consultation. At 2-month post-injection, the TDI scores reached 16, 16, and 16 (48), while the Olfactory Disorder Questionnaire was 73. The injection of PRP into the olfactory cleft appears to be a safe and easiness new approach that may improve the recovery of smell sense. Future controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R. Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, UFR Simone Veil, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (Paris Saclay University), Paris, France
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, Baudour, Belgium
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, CHU Saint-Pierre, Brussels, Belgium
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Thippeswamy SN, Nataraju KT. Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital; A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY 2024; 36:459-466. [PMID: 38745684 PMCID: PMC11090092 DOI: 10.22038/ijorl.2024.76275.3557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction (OD) manifesting as hyposmia and/or anosmia occurred in many COVID-19 patients, with a frequency as high as 85.6%. Given the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19, it is important to recognize the symptoms early so that the infected person can be diagnosed, isolated and treated early. Hence, this study was undertaken to know the prevalence of Sino-nasal symptoms with special reference to olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods It is a cross sectional observational study involving 160 COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 100 years selected by universal sampling. OD was analyzed and compared with various inflammatory markers and Sino-nasal symptoms. Patients were followed up until their discharge from the hospital or until death due to COVID-19 related health issues. Results Out of 160 subjects included in the study, 61.88 % of the study participants were males and 38.13% were females. The mean age was 44.50 ± 16.43 years. A total of 51 patients (31.87%) developed OD. Fifty one (31.87%) patients developed OD (anosmia/hyposmia). Among the individuals with anosmia/hyposmia, majority of patients (n=26) (50.98%) complained of more than 75% loss of smell sensation. Mean duration of anosmia/hyposmia was 9.92 ± 3.71 days. OD correlated with serum ferritin levels (p=0.0453). Conclusion Anosmia/hyposmia was found in significant proportion of patients with covid-19 which correlated with the disease severity and serum ferritin levels and hence can serve as surrogate marker of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamalesh Thagadur Nataraju
- Department of General Medicine, SS Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Davanagere, Karnataka, India.
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Lechien JR, Vaira LA, Carsuzaa F, Lisan Q, Saussez S. Personalized medicine in olfactory testing: perspectives to improve patient compliance to psychophysical tests. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2024; 281:2175-2177. [PMID: 38270611 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome R Lechien
- Division of Laryngology and Broncho-Esophagology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle/Paris 3), Paris, France.
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium.
- Polyclinique Elsan de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Department of Human Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 6, B7000, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Biomedical Sciences Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Florent Carsuzaa
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Quentin Lisan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Foch Hospital, School of Medicine, Phonetics and Phonology Laboratory (UMR 7018 CNRS, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle/Paris 3), Paris, France
| | - Sven Saussez
- Division of Laryngology and Broncho-Esophagology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, EpiCURA Hospital, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, CHU de Bruxelles, CHU Saint-Pierre, School of Medicine, Brussels, Belgium
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Gheorghita R, Soldanescu I, Lobiuc A, Caliman Sturdza OA, Filip R, Constantinescu – Bercu A, Dimian M, Mangul S, Covasa M. The knowns and unknowns of long COVID-19: from mechanisms to therapeutical approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344086. [PMID: 38500880 PMCID: PMC10944866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been defined as the greatest global health and socioeconomic crisis of modern times. While most people recover after being infected with the virus, a significant proportion of them continue to experience health issues weeks, months and even years after acute infection with SARS-CoV-2. This persistence of clinical symptoms in infected individuals for at least three months after the onset of the disease or the emergence of new symptoms lasting more than two months, without any other explanation and alternative diagnosis have been named long COVID, long-haul COVID, post-COVID-19 conditions, chronic COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). Long COVID has been characterized as a constellation of symptoms and disorders that vary widely in their manifestations. Further, the mechanisms underlying long COVID are not fully understood, which hamper efficient treatment options. This review describes predictors and the most common symptoms related to long COVID's effects on the central and peripheral nervous system and other organs and tissues. Furthermore, the transcriptional markers, molecular signaling pathways and risk factors for long COVID, such as sex, age, pre-existing condition, hospitalization during acute phase of COVID-19, vaccination, and lifestyle are presented. Finally, recommendations for patient rehabilitation and disease management, as well as alternative therapeutical approaches to long COVID sequelae are discussed. Understanding the complexity of this disease, its symptoms across multiple organ systems and overlapping pathologies and its possible mechanisms are paramount in developing diagnostic tools and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Gheorghita
- Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Iuliana Soldanescu
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Olga Adriana Caliman Sturdza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | - Roxana Filip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, Suceava, Romania
| | - Adela Constantinescu – Bercu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Hemostasis Research Unit, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Department of Computer, Electronics and Automation, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
| | - Serghei Mangul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Pomona, CA, United States
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Ito F, Terai H, Kondo M, Takemura R, Namkoong H, Asakura T, Chubachi S, Masuzawa K, Nakayama S, Suzuki Y, Hashiguchi M, Kagyo J, Shiomi T, Minematsu N, Manabe T, Fukui T, Funatsu Y, Koh H, Masaki K, Ohgino K, Miyata J, Kawada I, Ishii M, Sato Y, Fukunaga K. Cluster analysis of long COVID in Japan and association of its trajectory of symptoms and quality of life. BMJ Open Respir Res 2024; 11:e002111. [PMID: 38395459 PMCID: PMC10895225 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple prolonged symptoms observed in patients who recovered from COVID-19 are defined as long COVID. Although diverse phenotypic combinations are possible, they remain unclear. This study aimed to perform a cluster analysis of long COVID in Japan and clarify the association between its characteristics and background factors and quality of life (QOL). METHODS This multicentre prospective cohort study collected various symptoms and QOL after COVID-19 from January 2020 to February 2021. This study included 935 patients aged ≥18 years with COVID-19 at 26 participating medical facilities. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using 24 long COVID symptom at 3 months after diagnosis. RESULTS Participants were divided into the following five clusters: numerous symptoms across multiple organs (cluster 1, n=54); no or minor symptoms (cluster 2, n=546); taste and olfactory disorders (cluster 3, n=76); fatigue, psychoneurotic symptoms and dyspnoea (low prevalence of cough and sputum) (cluster 4, n=207) and fatigue and dyspnoea (high prevalence of cough and sputum) (cluster 5, n=52). Cluster 1 included elderly patients with severe symptoms, while cluster 3 included young female with mild symptoms. No significant differences were observed in the comorbidities. Cluster 1 showed the most impaired QOL, followed by clusters 4 and 5; these changes as well as the composition of symptoms were observed over 1 year. CONCLUSIONS We identified patients with long COVID with diverse characteristics into five clusters. Future analysis of these different pathologies could result in individualised treatment of long COVID. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The study protocol is registered at UMIN clinical trials registry (UMIN000042299).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumimaro Ito
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Terai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kondo
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Management, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Takemura
- Biostatistics Unit, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Keio University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ho Namkoong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Asakura
- Department of Clinical Medicine (Laboratory of Bioregulatory Medicine), Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keita Masuzawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sohei Nakayama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuha Hashiguchi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Kagyo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Shiomi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keiyu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoto Minematsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hino Municipal Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Manabe
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukui
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Funatsu
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Koh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tachikawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Masaki
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Ohgino
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ishii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Dumas LE, Vandersteen C, Metelkina-Fernandez V, Gros A, Auby P, Askenazy-Gittard F. Impact of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders on quality of life, hedonic experiences and psychiatric dimensions in general population. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:111. [PMID: 38331799 PMCID: PMC10854070 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05538-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Olfactory disorders in COVID-19 impact quality of life and may lead to psychological impairments. Prevalence ranges from 8 to 85%, persisting in about 30% of cases. This study aimed to evaluate the 6-month post-COVID-19 impact on quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression due to olfactory disorders. Additionally, it sought to compare psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations. METHODS A prospective, longitudinal study was conducted over baseline (T0) and 6 months (T1) on individuals with persistent olfactory disorders post-COVID-19 for more than 6 weeks. Psychophysical tests employed the Sniffin' Sticks Test® (TDI score), and self-perceived olfactory evaluation used a Visual Analogue Scale. Quality of life was assessed with an Olfactive Disorder Questionnaire and the French version of the Quality of Life and Diet Questionnaire. Hedonic experiences were gauged using the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale, while anxiety and depression dimensions were measured by The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, The Post Traumatic Stress Checklist Scale, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were classified into the "normosmic group" (NG) and the "olfactory disorders group" (ODG) at T0 and T1 based on the TDI score. RESULTS Were included 56 participants (58.93% women, 41.07% men) with a mean age of 39.04 years and a mean duration of post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders of 5.32 months. At T1, ODG had a significantly lower quality of life and hedonic experiences than NG. No significant differences in anxiety and depression dimensions were observed between groups. At T0, psychophysical tests and self-perceived olfactory evaluations were significantly correlated with quality of life and hedonic experiences in both groups. At T1, self-perceived olfactory evaluation in NG correlated significantly with quality of life, hedonic experiences, anxiety and depression dimensions, whereas ODG only correlated with hedonic experiences. CONCLUSION Individuals with persistent post-COVID-19 olfactory disorders after six months demonstrated compromised quality of life and hedonic experiences. Self-perceived olfactory evaluation played a more significant role in influencing quality of life and the dimension of anxiety and depression than the psychophysical presence of olfactory disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of considering patients' perceptions to comprehensively assess the impact of olfactory disorders on their well-being. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov number (ID: NCT04799977).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise-Emilie Dumas
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Lenval, Nice, France.
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
| | - Clair Vandersteen
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Institut Universitaire de la Face et du Cou (IUFC), ENT Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
| | - Victoria Metelkina-Fernandez
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Service de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nice, France
| | - Auriane Gros
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- Département d'Orthophonie (DON), Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Philippe Auby
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Lenval, Nice, France
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Florence Askenazy-Gittard
- Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent (SUPEA), Hôpitaux Pédiatriques de Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Lenval, Nice, France
- CoBTeK-Lab, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Vaira LA, Tirelli G, Rizzo D, Uderzo F, Avanzini F, Trabalzini F, Rivelli N, Burger D, Calabrese L, Solla P, Bussu F, Mayo-Yáñez M, Lechien JR, De Riu G, Boscolo-Rizzo P. Validity and reliability of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders for Italian-speaking patients with olfactory dysfunction. ACTA OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGICA ITALICA : ORGANO UFFICIALE DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI OTORINOLARINGOLOGIA E CHIRURGIA CERVICO-FACCIALE 2024; 44:42-51. [PMID: 38420720 PMCID: PMC10914352 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-n2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective To translate and validate an Italian version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (IT-QOD). Materials and methods This is a prospective, multicentre study that involved patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD). Both cases and controls underwent administration of the IT-QOD, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) and psychophysical evaluation of orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function. Results The IT-QOD was administered to 96 patients and 38 controls. The Cronbach's alpha exceeded 0.90, indicating satisfactory internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was found to be high for both parosmia (rs = 0.944) and life quality (rs = 0.969). Patients with OD had significantly higher IT-QOD scores compared to healthy individuals (p < 0.001), indicating strong internal validity. The external validity was also satisfactory, as shown by the significant correlation with SNOT-22 (rs = -0.54) and the threshold, discrimination, and identification score (rs = -0.63). Conclusions The IT-QOD was demonstrated to be reliable and valid to assess the impact of OD on the quality of life of Italian-speaking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- PhD School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Rizzo
- Otorhinolaryngology Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Uderzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesco Avanzini
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Franco Trabalzini
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Meyer Children’s Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Calabrese
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital of Bolzano (SABES-ASDAA), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Paolo Solla
- Neurology Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Otorhinolaryngology Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Miguel Mayo-Yáñez
- Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Jerome R. Lechien
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS. Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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8
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Spinato G, Hopkins C, Marzolino R, Cavicchia A, Zucchini S, Borsetto D, Lechien JR, Vaira LA, Tirelli G. Evaluating long-term smell or taste dysfunction in mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients: a 3-year follow-up study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5625-5630. [PMID: 37715807 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION No studies have reported data on 3-year prevalence and recovery rates of self-reported COVID-19-related olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to estimate the 3-year prevalence and recovery rate of self-reported COVID-19-related chemosensory dysfunction in a cohort of patients with antecedent mild COVID-19. METHODS This is a prospective observational study, measuring the prevalence of altered sense of smell or taste at follow-up and their variation from baseline, on adult patients consecutively assessed at Treviso and Trieste University Hospitals, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by polymerase chain reaction during March 2020. RESULTS Overall, out of 403 respondents, 267 patients (66.3%) reported an altered sense of smell or taste (SNOT-22 > 0) at baseline, while 56 (13.9%), 29 (7.2%), and 21 (5.2%) reported such alterations at 6-24 months, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively. Among the 267 patients with COVID-19-associated smell or taste dysfunction at baseline, 246 (92.1%) reported complete resolution at 3 years. Of the patients who still experienced smell or taste dysfunction 2 years after COVID-19, 27.6% and 37.9% recovered completely and partially, respectively, at the 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Among subjects with antecedent mildly symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the 3-year prevalence and recovery rate of COVID-19-related alteration in sense of smell or taste was 5% and 92%, respectively. In approximately two-thirds of patients experiencing chemosensory dysfunction still 2 years after COVID-19, it is still possible to observe a delayed complete or partial recovery after a period of 3 years, while the remaining one-third of individuals continues to have unchanged persistent chemosensory alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Marzolino
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angelo Cavicchia
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
| | - Simone Zucchini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Borsetto
- Department of ENT, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Laryngology, EpiCURA Hospital, Mons School of Medicine, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- PhD School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
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Rass V, Tymoszuk P, Sahanic S, Heim B, Ausserhofer D, Lindner A, Kofler M, Mahlknecht P, Boehm A, Hüfner K, Pizzini A, Sonnweber T, Kurz K, Pfeifer B, Kiechl S, Peball M, Kindl P, Putnina L, Fava E, Djamshidian A, Huber A, Wiedermann CJ, Sperner-Unterweger B, Wöll E, Beer R, Schiefecker AJ, Bellmann-Weiler R, Bachler H, Tancevski I, Pfausler B, Piccoliori G, Seppi K, Weiss G, Löffler-Ragg J, Helbok R. Distinct smell and taste disorder phenotype of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:5115-5128. [PMID: 37670171 PMCID: PMC10562286 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-023-08163-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Olfactory dysfunction (OD) commonly accompanies coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the kinetics of OD resolution following SARS-CoV-2 infection (wild-type and alpha variant) and its impact on quality of life, physical and mental health. METHODS OD prevalence was assessed in an ambulatory COVID-19 survey (n = 906, ≥ 90 days follow-up) and an observational cohort of ambulatory and hospitalized individuals (n = 108, 360 days follow-up). Co-occurrence of OD with other symptoms and effects on quality of life, physical and mental health were analyzed by multi-dimensional scaling, association rule mining and semi-supervised clustering. RESULTS Both in the ambulatory COVID-19 survey study (72%) and the observational ambulatory and hospitalized cohort (41%) self-reported OD was frequent during acute COVID-19. Recovery from self-reported OD was slow (survey: median 28 days, observational cohort: 90 days). By clustering of the survey data, we identified a predominantly young, female, comorbidity-free group of convalescents with persistent OD and taste disorders (median recovery: 90 days) but low frequency of post-acute fatigue, respiratory or neurocognitive symptoms. This smell and taste disorder cluster was characterized by a high rating of physical performance, mental health, and quality of life as compared with convalescents affected by prolonged fatigue or neurocognitive complaints. CONCLUSION Our results underline the heterogeneity of post-acute COVID-19 sequelae calling for tailored management strategies. The persistent smell and taste disorder phenotype is characterized by good clinical, physical, and mental recovery and may pose a minor challenge for public health. STUDY REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04661462 (survey study), NCT04416100 (observational cohort).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Rass
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Sabina Sahanic
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beatrice Heim
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Ausserhofer
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Anna Lindner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Mahlknecht
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Hüfner
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alex Pizzini
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas Sonnweber
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katharina Kurz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Pfeifer
- Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Innsbruck, Austria
- Division for Health Networking and Telehealth, Biomedical Informatics and Mechatronics, UMIT, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marina Peball
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Kindl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lauma Putnina
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elena Fava
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Atbin Djamshidian
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Huber
- Tyrolean Federal Institute for Integrated Care, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian J Wiedermann
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Sperner-Unterweger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Psychosomatics and Medical Psychology, University Hospital for Psychiatry II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ewald Wöll
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Zams, Austria
| | - Ronny Beer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rosa Bellmann-Weiler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Bachler
- Institute of General Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ivan Tancevski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Pfausler
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giuliano Piccoliori
- Institute of General Practice and Public Health, Claudiana College of Health Professions, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Löffler-Ragg
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Raimund Helbok
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria.
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10
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Hummel T, Invitto S, Spinato G, Tomasoni M, Emanuelli E, Tofanelli M, Cavicchia A, Grill V, Vaira LA, Lechien JR, Borsetto D, Polesel J, Dibattista M, Menini A, Hopkins C, Tirelli G. Psychophysical assessment of olfactory and gustatory function in post-mild COVID-19 patients: A matched case-control study with 2-year follow-up. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2023; 13:1864-1875. [PMID: 36852674 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to psychophysically evaluate the prevalence of smell and taste dysfunction 2 years after mildly symptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection compared to that observed at 1-year follow-up and while considering the background of chemosensory dysfunction in the no-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) population. METHOD This is a prospective case-control study on 93 patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive SARS-CoV-2 infection and 93 matched controls. Self-reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was assessed by 22-item Sino-Nasal-Outcome Test (SNOT-22), item "Sense of smell or taste." Psychophysical orthonasal and retronasal olfactory function and gustatory performance were estimated using the extended Sniffin' Sticks test battery, 20 powdered tasteless aromas, and taste strips test, respectively. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was assessed by sniffing a 70% solution of acetic acid. RESULTS The two psychophysical assessments of chemosensory function took place after a median of 409 days (range, 366-461 days) and 765 days (range, 739-800 days) from the first SARS-CoV-2-positive swab, respectively. At 2-year follow-up, cases exhibited a decrease in the prevalence of olfactory (27.9% vs. 42.0%; absolute difference, -14.0%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -21.8% to -2.6%; p = 0.016) and gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 25.8%; absolute difference, -11.8%; 95% CI, -24.2% to 0.6%; p = 0.098). Subjects with prior COVID-19 were more likely than controls to have an olfactory dysfunction (27.9% vs. 10.8 %; absolute difference, 17.2%; 95% CI, 5.2% to 28.8%) but not gustatory dysfunction (14.0% vs. 9.7%; absolute difference, 4.3%; 95% CI, -5.8% to 14.4% p = 0.496) still 2 years after the infection. Overall, 3.2% of cases were still anosmic 2 years after the infection. CONCLUSIONS Although a proportion of subjects recovered from long-lasting smell/taste dysfunction more than 1 year after COVID-19, cases still exhibited a significant excess of olfactory dysfunction 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sara Invitto
- INSPIRE LAB-Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, DiSTeBA, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giacomo Spinato
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Padova, Treviso, Italy
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria 2-Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Michele Tomasoni
- Unit of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Emanuelli
- Unit of Otolaryngology, Azienda Unità Locale Socio Sanitaria 2-Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Margherita Tofanelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Angelo Cavicchia
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Grill
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS. Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
| | - Daniele Borsetto
- Department of ENT, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari A. Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), Trieste, Italy
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Ear, Nose and Throat Department, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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11
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Tirelli G, Meloni P, Hopkins C, Lechien JR, Madeddu G, Bonini P, Gardenal N, Cancellieri E, Lazzarin C, Borsetto D, De Vito A, De Riu G, Vaira LA. Recovery from olfactory and gustatory dysfunction following COVID-19 acquired during Omicron BA.1 wave in Italy. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103944. [PMID: 37354725 PMCID: PMC10247593 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2023.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite alterations in the sense of smell and taste have dominated the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the prevalence and the severity of self-reporting COVID-19 associated olfactory and gustatory dysfunction has dropped significantly with the advent of the Omicron BA.1 subvariant. However, data on the evolution of Omicron-related chemosensory impairment are still lacking. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence and the recovery rate of self-reported chemosensory dysfunction 6-month after SARS-CoV-2 infection acquired during the predominance of the Omicron BA.1 subvariant in Italy. METHODS Prospective observational study based on the sino-nasal outcome tool 22 (SNOT-22), item "sense of smell or taste" and additional outcomes conducted in University hospitals and tertiary referral centers in Italy. RESULTS Of 338 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 completing the baseline survey, 294 (87.0 %) responded to the 6-month follow-up interview. Among them, 101 (34.4 %) and 4 (1.4 %) reported an altered sense of smell or taste at baseline and at 6 months, respectively. Among the 101 patients with COVID-19-associated smell or taste dysfunction during the acute phase of the disease, 97 (96.0 %) reported complete resolution at 6 months. The duration of smell or taste impairment was significantly shorter in vaccinated patients (p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Compared with that observed in subjects infected during the first wave of the pandemic, the recovery rate from chemosensory dysfunctions reported in the present series of patients infected during the predominance of the Omicron BA.1 subvariant was more favorable with a shorter duration being positively influenced by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Meloni
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giordano Madeddu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Infectious Disease Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Bonini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gardenal
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emilia Cancellieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Lazzarin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Borsetto
- Department of ENT, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Infectious Disease Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy; PhD School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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12
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Martončíková M, Doležal P, Fabianová K, Karhánek M, Gálik J, Raček A, Popovičová A, Račeková E. Remote psychophysical testing of smell in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14090. [PMID: 37640847 PMCID: PMC10462624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory dysfunction associated with coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is in most cases transient, recovering spontaneously within a few days. However, in some patients it persists for a long time, affects their everyday life and endangers their health. Hence, we focused on patients with persistent loss of smell. The aim of this study was to evaluate olfactory dysfunction using a standardized test. Due to the pandemic, olfactory testing was performed online. Smell tests (Odorized Markers Test, OMT) were sent home to the patients. Together with the smell self-testing, participants reported and assessed several parameters (age, sex, subjective assessment of smell and taste, nasal patency, etc.) in an online questionnaire. Based on the questionnaire outcomes, the results were sent to the patients along with a list of participating otolaryngologists who provided them with professional care. From March to June 2021, 1025 patients requested smell testing, of these, 824 met the inclusion criteria of this study. The duration of the olfactory dysfunction at the time of testing ranged from 1 month to 1 year. Using the OMT, impaired smell ability-anosmia or hyposmia-was confirmed in 82.6% of participants. A total of 17.4% of participants were determined to be normosmic however, more than 50% of them complained of parosmia and/or phantosmia. Our study demonstrates the relevance of psychophysical smell testing and its suitability for remote use during the pandemic. This study also revealed several correlations between prolonged olfactory dysfunction and the monitored parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Martončíková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Pavel Doležal
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital-St. Michal's Hospital, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamila Fabianová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Miloslav Karhánek
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 05, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ján Gálik
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Adam Raček
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Alexandra Popovičová
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Enikő Račeková
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
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13
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Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C, Ortega-Santiago R, Cancela-Cilleruelo I, Rodríguez-Jiménez J, Fuensalida-Novo S, Martín-Guerrero JD, Pellicer-Valero ÓJ, Cigarán-Méndez M. Prevalence of Self-Reported Anosmia and Ageusia in Elderly Patients Who Had Been Previously Hospitalized by SARS-CoV-2: The LONG-COVID-EXP Multicenter Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4391. [PMID: 37445426 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored two different graph methods for visualizing the prevalence of self-reported post-COVID anosmia and ageusia in a large sample of individuals who had been previously hospitalized in five different hospitals. A cohort of 1266 previously hospitalized COVID-19 survivors participated. Participants were assessed at hospitalization (T0) and at three different follow-up periods: 8.4 (T1), 13.2 (T2), and 18.3 (T3) months after hospital discharge. They were asked about the presence of self-reported anosmia and ageusia that they attributed to infection. Anosmia was defined as a self-perceived feeling of complete loss of smell. Ageusia was defined as a self-perceived feeling of complete loss of taste. Data about hospitalization were recorded from medical records. The results revealed that the prevalence of anosmia decreased from 8.29% (n = 105) at hospitalization (T0), to 4.47% (n = 56) at T1, to 3.27% (n = 41) at T2, and 3.35% (n = 42) at T3. Similarly, the prevalence of ageusia was 7.10% (n = 89) at the onset of SARS-CoV-2 infection (T0), but decreased to 3.03% (n = 38) at T1, to 1.99% (n = 25) at T2, and 1.36% (n = 17) at T3. The Sankey plots showed that only 10 (0.8%) and 11 (0.88%) patients exhibited anosmia and ageusia throughout all the follow-ups. The exponential curves revealed a progressive decrease in prevalence, demonstrating that self-reported anosmia and ageusia improved in the years following hospitalization. The female sex (OR4.254, 95% CI 1.184-15.294) and sufferers of asthma (OR7.086, 95% CI 1.359-36.936) were factors associated with the development of anosmia at T2, whereas internal care unit admission was a protective factor (OR0.891, 95% CI 0.819-0.970) for developing anosmia at T2. The use of a graphical method, such as a Sankey plot, shows that post-COVID self-reported anosmia and ageusia exhibit fluctuations during the first years after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, self-reported anosmia and ageusia also show a decrease in prevalence during the first years after infection, as expressed by exponential bar plots. The female sex was associated with the development of post-COVID anosmia, but not ageusia, in our cohort of elderly patients previously hospitalized due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Fernández-de-Las-Peñas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ortega-Santiago
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cancela-Cilleruelo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Jorge Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Stella Fuensalida-Novo
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - José D Martín-Guerrero
- Intelligent Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Electronic Engineering, ETSE (Engineering School), Universitat de València (UV), 46100 Burjassot, Spain
- Valencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence (ValgrAI), 46022 València, Spain
| | - Óscar J Pellicer-Valero
- Image Processing Laboratory (IPL), Universitat de València, Parc Científic, 46010 València, Spain
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14
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Espetvedt A, Wiig S, Myrnes-Hansen KV, Brønnick KK. The assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of tools and their content validity. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1190994. [PMID: 37408960 PMCID: PMC10319418 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1190994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of overview of the tools used to assess qualitative olfactory dysfunction, including parosmia and phantosmia, following COVID-19 illness. This could have an impact on the diagnosis and treatment offered to patients. Additionally, the formulations of symptoms are inconsistent and often unclear, and consensus around the wording of questions and responses is needed. Aim of study The aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of tools used to assess qualitative olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19, in addition to addressing the content validity (i.e., item and response formulations) of these tools. Methods MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched 5th of August 2022 and updated on the 25th of April 2023 to identify studies that assess qualitative olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Primary outcomes were the tool used (i.e., questionnaire or objective test) and item and response formulations. Secondary outcomes included psychometric properties, study design, and demographic variables. Results The assessment of qualitative olfactory dysfunction is characterized by heterogeneity, inconsistency, and lack of validated tools to determine the presence and degree of symptoms. Several tools with overlapping and distinct features were identified in this review, of which some were thorough and detailed, while others were merely assessing the presence of symptoms as a binary measure. Item and response formulations are also inconsistent and often used interchangeably, which may lead to confusion, incorrect diagnoses, and inappropriate methods for solving the problem. Conclusions There is an unmet need for a reliable and validated tool for assessing qualitative olfactory dysfunction, preferably one that also captures quantitative olfactory issues (i.e., loss of smell), to ensure time-effective and specific assessment of the ability to smell. A consensus around the formulation of items and response options is also important to increase the understanding of the problem, both for clinicians, researchers, and the patient, and ultimately to provide the appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Registration and protocol The URL is https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=351621. A preregistered protocol was submitted and accepted (12.09.22) in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) with the registration number CRD42022351621.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelin Espetvedt
- Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- SHARE–Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- The Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Siri Wiig
- Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- SHARE–Centre for Resilience in Healthcare, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kai Victor Myrnes-Hansen
- Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- The Norwegian School of Hotel Management, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Kolbjørn Kallesten Brønnick
- Department of Quality and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- The Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Lab, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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15
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Ciaffi J, Vanni E, Mancarella L, Brusi V, Lisi L, Pignatti F, Naldi S, Assirelli E, Neri S, Reta M, Faldini C, Ursini F. Post-Acute COVID-19 Joint Pain and New Onset of Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases: A Systematic Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13111850. [PMID: 37296705 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13111850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
As the number of reports of post-acute COVID-19 musculoskeletal manifestations is rapidly rising, it is important to summarize the current available literature in order to shed light on this new and not fully understood phenomenon. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide an updated picture of post-acute COVID-19 musculoskeletal manifestations of potential rheumatological interest, with a particular focus on joint pain, new onset of rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases and presence of autoantibodies related to inflammatory arthritis such as rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. We included 54 original papers in our systematic review. The prevalence of arthralgia was found to range from 2% to 65% within a time frame varying from 4 weeks to 12 months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Inflammatory arthritis was also reported with various clinical phenotypes such as symmetrical polyarthritis with RA-like pattern similar to other prototypical viral arthritis, polymyalgia-like symptoms, or acute monoarthritis and oligoarthritis of large joints resembling reactive arthritis. Moreover, high figures of post-COVID-19 patients fulfilling the classification criteria for fibromyalgia were found, ranging from 31% to 40%. Finally, the available literature about prevalence of rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies was largely inconsistent. In conclusion, manifestations of rheumatological interest such as joint pain, new-onset inflammatory arthritis and fibromyalgia are frequently reported after COVID-19, highlighting the potential role of SARS-CoV-2 as a trigger for the development of autoimmune conditions and rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Ciaffi
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Vanni
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Mancarella
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Veronica Brusi
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisi
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pignatti
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Naldi
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Assirelli
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Reta
- UO Interaziendale Medicina Interna ad Indirizzo Reumatologico (SC) AUSL BO-IRCCS AOU BO, 40133 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cesare Faldini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- 1st Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Ursini
- Medicine & Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli (IOR), 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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16
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Tsuchiya H. Treatments of COVID-19-Associated Taste and Saliva Secretory Disorders. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:140. [PMID: 37366663 DOI: 10.3390/dj11060140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the worldwide spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, treating taste and saliva secretory disorders associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a critical issue. The aim of the present study was to update information on treatments applicable to such oral symptoms and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. The literature search indicated that different treatments using tetracycline, corticosteroids, zinc, stellate ganglion block, phytochemical curcumin, traditional herbal medicine, nutraceutical vitamin D, photobiomodulation, antiviral drugs, malic acid sialagogue, chewing gum, acupuncture, and/or moxibustion have potential effects on COVID-19-associated ageusia/dysgeusia/hypogeusia and xerostomia/dry mouth/hyposalivation. These treatments have multiple modes of action on viral cellular entry and replication, cell proliferation and differentiation, immunity, and/or SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced pathological conditions such as inflammation, cytokine storm, pyroptosis, neuropathy, zinc dyshomeostasis, and dysautonomia. An understanding of currently available treatment options is required for dental professionals because they may treat patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 or who recovered from COVID-19, and become aware of their abnormal taste and salivary secretion. By doing so, dentists and dental hygienists could play a crucial role in managing COVID-19 oral symptoms and contribute to improving the oral health-related quality of life of the relevant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan
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17
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Yeung AWK. The Revived Interest in Ageusia Research during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Bibliometric Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041062. [PMID: 37109591 PMCID: PMC10144926 DOI: 10.3390/life13041062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolution of ageusia research literature has yet to be investigated. This bibliometric study analyzed the entire ageusia research literature indexed in Web of Science, to reveal its growth and the most productive entities in terms of authors, institutions, countries, journals, and journal categories. In addition, this study aimed to identify medical conditions (and their treatments) that were frequently associated with ageusia. On 7 March 2022, the Web of Science Core Collection database was accessed with the following search query: TS = (ageusia OR "taste loss" OR "loss of taste" OR "loss of gustat*" OR "gustatory loss"). The search identified publications mentioning these terms in their title, abstract, or keywords. No additional filters were placed on publication year, language, etc. The basic publication and citation counts were extracted from the in-built functions of the database. The complete record of the publications was exported into VOSviewer, a bibliometric software for visualizations. The search yielded 1170 publications. The cumulative publication and citation counts of the ageusia research sharply increased in 2020. The most productive author was Professor Thomas Hummel from Technische Universität Dresden. Ageusia research had heavy contributions from the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, and India. The top 5 most productive journals mainly belonged to the otorhinolaryngology and medicine categories. The medical conditions frequently investigated in ageusia research included COVID-19, cancers (head and neck, and advanced basal cell), Guillain-Barré syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and Sjogren's syndrome. This study could act as a begvinner's guide for (1) clinicians who are not familiar with ageusia so that they might better understand which scenarios they need to be more aware of since ageusia could be a co-morbidity of a patient's underlying disease, and (2) for those who wish to search for relevant authors and journals for suitable publications related to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Vaira LA, De Riu G, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Hopkins C, Lechien JR. In reference to Intranasal Corticosteroid Treatment on Recovery of Long-Term Olfactory Dysfunction Due to COVID-19. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:E29-E30. [PMID: 36495301 PMCID: PMC9877991 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This is a commentary on the article by Hosseinpoor et al. Laryngoscope, 2022
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claire Hopkins
- Department of otorhinolaryngology, King's College, London, UK.,British Rhinological Society, London, UK
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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19
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Gudziol H, Bitter T, Kirschstein T, Laute K, Schade U, Guntinas-Lichius O. [Reported and measured olfactory and gustatory findings in a long-COVID cohort]. Laryngorhinootologie 2023; 102:194-202. [PMID: 36482164 DOI: 10.1055/a-1970-6510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disorders of the sense of smell and taste are often complained as a long-COVID symptom. In a special long-COVID consultation (ENT-LCS), we wanted to figure out how large the proportion of pathological olfactory or gustatory diagnoses actually is in this cohort. METHODS 48 adult patients who visited the ENT-LCS because of their own suffering were asked about their history, rated their ability to smell (SER) and taste (SES) with school grades and completed the extended Sniffin' Sticks test and the 3-drop test as a taste test. Diagnoses were made from the SDI smell score and the total taste score using normative values. Correlations were calculated between the measured scores and the self-assessment and between SER and SES. RESULTS Pathological chemosensory diagnoses were present in 90%. Pathological olfactory diagnoses were twice as common as gustatory ones. No pathological diagnosis could be verified in 10% of the cohort. Anosmia-ageusia syndrome was diagnosed in six patients. SER correlated strongly with SDI. SES correlated moderately with SScore-total. SER correlated strongly with SES. CONCLUSIONS There is a risk of smell-taste confusion when interpreting reported chemosensory symptoms. This is another reason why reference is made to the importance of quantifying the chemical senses with validated tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Bitter
- HNO, Universitätsklinikum der FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Laute
- HNO, Universitätsklinikum der FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schade
- HNO, Universitätsklinikum der FSU Jena, Jena, Germany
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20
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Vaira LA, Lechien JR, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Hopkins C, De Riu G. SARS-CoV-2 Effects on Psychophysical Olfactory Scores: Prospective Study With Evaluation Before and 60-Days After Infection. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:1249-1252. [PMID: 36821798 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the olfactory function in a series of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and who had undergone psychophysical olfactory assessment prior to infection. Individuals unexposed to SARS-CoV-2 infection underwent a psychophysical evaluation of smell with the Sniffin' Sticks test. The subjects were followed prospectively and included in the study if they developed SARS-CoV-2 infection with a second test 60 days after recovery. At the 60-day follow-up of the 41 included subjects, 2 (4.9%) self-reported persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD). The differences between TDI scores before and after infection were statistically significant (37 [interquartile range (IQR), 34.25-39.25] vs 34.75 [IQR, 32.25-38]; p = .021). Analyzing the individual olfactory domains, the differences were significant for threshold (T) (9.75 [IQR, 9-11.25] vs 8.25 [IQR, 7.25-10.25]; p = .009) but not for odor discrimination (D) (p = .443) and identification (I) (p = .159). SARS-CoV-2 causes a significant reduction in the olfactory function, in particular affecting the olfactory threshold, even in subjects who do not self-report an OD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maglitto
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Section of Otolaryngology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claire Hopkins
- ENT department, King's College, London, UK.,British Rhinological Society (President), London, UK
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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21
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Saussez S, Vaira LA, De Riu G, Lechien JR. Therapies for COVID-19-Related Persistent Olfactory Disorders: One of the Good Fruits of the Pandemic. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010072. [PMID: 36678420 PMCID: PMC9865084 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of 2021, the scientific community realized the burden of COVID-19-related persistent olfactory disorders (ODs). The percentage of those infected with COVID-19 who developed severe and persistent ODs [1-3] with devastating effects on their quality of life was 5 to 40% [4,5].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Saussez
- Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), B7000 Mons, Belgium
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (L.A.V.); Tel.: +32-485-716-053 (S.S.); +39-340-1846168 (L.A.V.)
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (L.A.V.); Tel.: +32-485-716-053 (S.S.); +39-340-1846168 (L.A.V.)
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Jérome R. Lechien
- Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), B7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
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22
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Levesque-Boissonneault C, Bussière N, Roy-Côté F, Cloutier F, Caty MÈ, Frasnelli J. A quick test to objectify smell and taste dysfunction at home: a proof of concept for the validation of the chemosensory perception test. Chem Senses 2023; 48:bjad033. [PMID: 37586396 PMCID: PMC10746307 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the efficacy of a home test for the self-evaluation of olfactory and gustatory functions in quarantined coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, testing was often limited to COVID-19 participants, and the accuracy of home test kits was rarely compared to standardized testing. This study aims at providing proof of concept for the validation of the new Chemosensory Perception Test (CPT) developed to remotely assess orthonasal olfactory, retronasal olfactory, and gustatory functions in various populations using common North American household items. In the 2 experiments, a total of 121 participants irrespective of having olfactory and/or gustatory complaints from various causes (COVID-19, sinunasal, post-viral, idiopathic) were tested first, with one or many of the following tests: (i) a brief chemosensory questionnaire, (ii) an olfactory test-Sniffin' Sticks Test (SST) or University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), and/or (iii) a gustatory test-Brief Waterless Empirical Taste Test (B-WETT). We then applied the CPT which yielded 3 different subscores, namely orthonasal, retronasal, and gustatory CPT scores. The orthonasal CPT score was significantly correlated with SST (ρ = 0.837, P < 0.001) and UPSIT (ρ = 0.364, P < 0.001) scores, and exhibited an excellent accuracy to identify olfactory dysfunction (OD) as compared to SST (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.923 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.822-1.000], P < 0.001). The retronasal CPT score but not the gustatory CPT score allowed to distinguish between participants with or without subjective gustatory complaint (AUC: 0.818 [95% CI, 0.726-0.909], P < 0.001). The CPT has the ability to identify OD and to quantify subjective gustatory complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Levesque-Boissonneault
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bussière
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Faculty of medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Frédérique Roy-Côté
- Research Center of the Sacré-Cœur hospital, CIUSSS Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frank Cloutier
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Caty
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Frasnelli
- Department of Anatomy, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
- Research Center of the Sacré-Cœur hospital, CIUSSS Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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COVID-19 related persistent olfactory disorders represent an unprecedented challenge. Am J Otolaryngol 2023; 44:103667. [PMID: 36270236 PMCID: PMC9573806 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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24
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Vaira LA, Lechien JR, De Riu G, Saussez S. The Trajectories of Olfactory Dysfunction from the First to the Omicron Wave: Are We Getting over it? Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010010. [PMID: 36678358 PMCID: PMC9863251 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has now been two years since the publication in Pathogens of our European multicenter study on the prevalence of olfactory dysfunctions (OD) during COVID-19 [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3401846168
| | - Jérome R. Lechien
- Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), B7000 Mons, Belgium
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Sven Saussez
- Department of Human and Experimental Oncology, Faculty of Medicine UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), B7000 Mons, Belgium
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25
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Yan CH, Jang SS, Lin HC, Ma Y, Khanwalkar AR, Thai A, Patel ZM. Use of platelet-rich plasma for COVID-19-related olfactory loss: a randomized controlled trial. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 13:989-997. [PMID: 36507615 PMCID: PMC9877663 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study evaluated the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous blood product with supraphysiologic concentrations of growth factors, in the treatment of prolonged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related smell loss. METHODS This multi-institutional, randomized controlled trial recruited patients with COVID-19 who had objectively measured smell loss (University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test [UPSIT] ≤ 33) between 6 and 12 months. Patients were randomized to three intranasal injections of either PRP or sterile saline into their olfactory clefts. The primary outcome measure was change in Sniffin' Sticks score (threshold, discrimination, and identification [TDI]) from baseline. The secondary end point measures included responder rate (achievement of a clinically significant improvement, ≥5.5 points TDI), change in individual TDI olfaction scores, and change in subjective olfaction via a visual analog scale. RESULTS A total of 35 patients were recruited and 26 completed the study. PRP treatment resulted in a 3.67-point (95% CI: 0.05-7.29, p = 0.047) greater improvement in olfaction compared with the placebo group at 3 months and a higher response rate (57.1% vs 8.3%, odds ratio 12.5 [95% exact bootstrap confidence interval, 2.2-116.7]). There was a greater improvement in smell discrimination following PRP treatment compared with placebo but no difference in smell identification or threshold. There was no difference in subjective scores between PRP and placebo. No adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION Olfactory function following COVID-19 can improve spontaneously after 6 months and can improve to a greater extent with PRP injection. These data build on the promise of PRP to be a safe potential treatment option for patients with COVID-19-related smell loss, and larger-powered studies will help further assess its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol H. Yan
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophie S. Jang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryUniversity of CaliforniaSan Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hung‐Fu C. Lin
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ashoke R. Khanwalkar
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Anthony Thai
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Zara M. Patel
- Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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26
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Vaira LA, Deiana G, Maglitto F, Salzano G. Post-Viral Olfactory Loss: What We Learned from the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12111868. [PMID: 36431003 PMCID: PMC9696542 DOI: 10.3390/life12111868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been one of the most frequent causes of persistent olfactory dysfunctions accounting for 18% to 45% of all cases [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3401846168
| | - Giovanna Deiana
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Direction, Hygiene and Hospital Infection Control Operative Unit, University Hospital of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Fabio Maglitto
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University Hospital of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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27
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Two-Year Follow-Up on Chemosensory Dysfunction and Adaptive Immune Response after Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a Cohort of 44 Healthcare Workers. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101556. [PMID: 36294991 PMCID: PMC9605261 DOI: 10.3390/life12101556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Persistent chemosensory dysfunction (PCD) is a common symptom of long-COVID. Chemosensory dysfunction (CD) as well as SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels and CD8+ T-cell immunity were investigated in a cohort of 44 healthcare workers up to a median of 721 days after a positive PCR test. CD was assessed using questionnaires and psychophysical screening tests. After 721 days, 11 of 44 (25%) participants reported PCD, with five describing an impaired quality of life. One participant reported hyperosmia (increased sense of smell). The risk of PCD at 721 days was higher for participants reporting qualitative changes (parosmia (altered smell), dysgeusia (altered taste), or phantosmia (hallucination of smell)) during initial infection than in those with isolated quantitative losses during the first COVID-19 infection (62.5% vs. 7.1%). The main recovery rate occurred within the first 100 days and did not continue until follow-up at 2 years. No correlation was found between antibody levels and CD, but we observed a trend of a higher percentage of T-cell responders in participants with CD. In conclusion, a significant proportion of patients suffer from PCD and impaired quality of life 2 years after initial infection. Qualitative changes in smell or taste during COVID-19 pose a higher risk for PCD.
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Chatys-Bogacka Z, Mazurkiewicz I, Slowik J, Bociaga-Jasik M, Dzieza-Grudnik A, Slowik A, Wnuk M, Drabik L. Brain Fog and Quality of Life at Work in Non-Hospitalized Patients after COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912816. [PMID: 36232113 PMCID: PMC9564568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: There is still a need for studies on the quality of life (QoL) at work among COVID-19 survivors. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between the brain fog symptoms and the QoL at work in non-hospitalized patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: Three hundred non-hospitalized patients (79.33% women; median age, 36 years; interquartile range, 30-48 years) were included in the final analysis. An anonymous neuropsychological questionnaire containing eight different questions on the presence of brain fog symptoms in four time intervals, i.e., pre-COVID-19 and 0-4, 4-12, and >12 weeks after infection, was retrospectively introduced to patients and staff of the University Hospital in Krakow. Additionally, a four-point Likert scale was used to evaluate QoL at work in four time periods. Included were participants aged ≥ 18 years in whom the diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by the RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swab and the first symptoms occurred no earlier than 3 months before the completion of the questionnaire. Results: Before SARS-CoV-2 infection, 28.00% (n = 84) of patients reported poor QoL at work. Within 4, 4-12, and >12 weeks after infection, a decrease in QoL was observed in 75.67% (n = 227), 65.00% (n = 195), and 53.66% (n = 161) of patients, respectively (p < 0.001). With increasing deterioration of the QoL at work, the number of brain fog symptoms increased, and patients with severe QoL impairment exhibited a median of five symptoms for <4, 4-12, and >12 weeks post-COVID-19. In the multivariable logistic regression model, predictors of the deterioration of the QoL at work depended on the time from COVID-19 onset; in the acute phase of the disease (<4 weeks), it was predicted by impairment in remembering information from the past (OR 1.88, 95%CI: 1.18-3.00, p = 0.008) and multitasking (OR 1.96, 95%CI: 1.48-2.58, p < 0.001). Furthermore, an impairment in the QoL at work 4-12 weeks and >12 weeks after COVID-19 was independently associated with age (OR 0.46, 95%CI: 0.25-0.85, p = 0.014 and OR 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01-1.05, p = 0.025, respectively), problems with multitasking (OR 2.05, 95%CI: 1.40-3.01, p < 0.001 and OR 1.75, 95%CI: 1.15-2.66, p = 0.009, respectively), answering questions in an understandable/unambiguous manner (OR 1.99, 95%CI: 1.27-3.14, p = 0.003 and OR 2.00, 95%CI: 1.47-2.36, p = 0.001, respectively), and, only for the >12 week interval, problems with remembering information from the past (OR 2.21, 95%CI: 1.24-3.92, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Certain brain fog symptoms, such as impaired memory or multitasking, are predictors of a poorer QoL at work not only during the acute phase of COVID-19 but also within more than 12 weeks after the onset of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaneta Chatys-Bogacka
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Iwona Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Slowik
- Department of Periodontology, Preventive Dentistry and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Bociaga-Jasik
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Dzieza-Grudnik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Slowik
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Wnuk
- Department of Neurology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital in Krakow, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Leszek Drabik
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
- John Paul II Hospital, 31-202 Krakow, Poland
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Chemosensory Dysfunction in Long-Term COVID-19 Assessed by Self-Reported and Direct Psychophysical Methods. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101487. [PMID: 36294922 PMCID: PMC9604579 DOI: 10.3390/life12101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemosensory dysfunction is a frequent postacute sequela of COVID-19. Depending on the type of test used to measure it (self-report vs. direct test), the degree of chemosensory dysfunction in long-term COVID-19 has been found to be highly variable. In this manuscript, we report the cross-sectional data (first assessment) of a longitudinal study (6-month follow-up) examining smell, taste, and chemesthesis in participants affected by long-term COVID-19 (COVID+) and participants without COVID-19 (COVID−) by means of both self-reported and direct psychophysical methods. In total, 208 Italian participants (COVID+ n = 133; COVID− n = 75) completed the Smell and Taste Check developed by the Global Consortium for Chemosensory Research (GCCR), which includes self-reports on smell, taste, and chemesthetic abilities as well as direct intensity ratings of unstandardized smell, taste, and chemesthetic household items. Furthermore, all participants completed SCENTinel, a validated direct smell test. We found a positive association between the self-reported, unstandardized direct test and the validated direct test for smell, indicating moderate to large agreement across measures. Furthermore, the performance on SCENTinel was significantly associated with self-reported smell loss. A positive association between the self-reports and the intensity of household items was also retrieved for taste and chemesthesis. The time relative to COVID-19 onset (267.3 ± 113.9 days) did not modulate the chemosensory performance of self-reported abilities, intensity ratings, and SCENTinel. All in all, we confirm the impairment of three chemical senses (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) in an independent sample of Italian participants affected by long-term COVID-19 by using and comparing self-reported and direct psychophysical methods. We contribute to the discussion on best practices to monitor chemosensory dysfunction in individuals affected by long-term COVID-19.
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Luong T, Jang SS, Said M, DeConde AS, Yan CH. Impact of COVID-19 versus chronic rhinosinusitis/rhinitis associated olfactory dysfunction on health utility and quality of life. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022; 7:LIO2921. [PMID: 36249088 PMCID: PMC9538416 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is associated with both post-viral and inflammatory etiologies such as COVID-19 and chronic rhinosinusitis/rhinitis (CRS/R) respectively, to result in reduced quality of life (QoL). However, the former typically induces a sudden-onset OD while the latter has a gradual presentation. This study aims to establish and compare health utility values (HUVs) and olfactory-specific QoL measurements between patients with COVID-19 and CRS/R related OD. Methods This prospective study surveyed COVID-19 and CRS/R patients with self-reported OD using HUV assessments (EuroQol-visual analog scale [EQ-VAS], EuroQol-5 dimension [EQ-5D], time trade-off [TTO]) and olfactory and sinonasal QoL measures (questionnaire of olfactory disorders -negative and positive statements [QOD-NS + PS] and sino-nasal outcome test [SNOT-22]). A subgroup of subjects completed objective olfactory testing. Intergroup mean scores were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests. Results One hundred eleven subjects were enrolled: mean age ± SD (43.0 ± 15.4 years), 55.9% female. CRS/R was associated with lower HUVs as measured by EQ-VAS (CRS/R: 0.67 ± 0.18 vs. COVID-19: 0.74 ± 0.19, p = .03) and worse SNOT-22 scores in both overall (CRS/R: 49.03 ± 21.04 vs. COVID-19: 27.58 ± 18.45, p < .001) and subgroup analysis of objectively confirmed OD subjects (CRS/R: 52.40 ± 22.78 vs. COVID-19: 29.84 ± 21.10, p = .01). On the other hand, COVID-19 has greater burden on olfactory-specific QoL (QOD-NS + PS, COVID-19: 23.19 ± 13.73 vs. CRS/R: 17.25 ± 11.38, p = .04). Both groups demonstrated a similar decrease in health using the EQ-5D assessment. Conclusion CRS/R associated OD has a more severe impact on general health and sinonasal specific QoL outcomes, while COVID-19 associated OD has a greater burden on olfactory-specific QoL. Level of evidence Level 2c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Luong
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sophie S. Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mena Said
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adam S. DeConde
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carol H. Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
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31
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Trott M, Driscoll R, Pardhan S. The prevalence of sensory changes in post-COVID syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:980253. [PMID: 36091707 PMCID: PMC9452774 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.980253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome can be defined as symptoms of COVID-19 that persist for longer than 12 weeks, with several studies reporting persistent symptoms relating to the sensory organs (eyes, ears, and nose). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prevalence of persistent anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and hypogeusia, as well as eye/vision and ear/hearing related long-COVID symptoms. Authors searched the electronic databases from inception to November 2021. Search terms included words related to long-COVID, smell, taste, eyes/vision, and ears/hearing, with all observational study designs being included. A random effects meta-analysis was undertaken, calculating the prevalence proportions of anosmia, hyposmia, ageusia, and hypogeusia, respectively. From the initial pool, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria (total n 4,707; median n per study 125; median age = 49.8; median percentage female = 59.2%) and 14 were included in the meta-analysis The prevalence of anosmia was 12.2% (95% CI 7.7–16.6%), hyposmia 29.9% (95% CI 19.9–40%), ageusia 11.7% (95% CI 6.1–17.3%), and hypogeusia 31.2% (95% 16.4–46.1%). Several eye/vision and ear/hearing symptoms were also reported. Considering that changes in the sensory organs are associated with decreases in quality of life, future research should examine the etiology behind the persistent symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Trott
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mike Trott,
| | - Robin Driscoll
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shahina Pardhan
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Pendolino AL, Tan HQM, Choi D, Ottaviano G, Andrews PJ. Long-term quality-of-life impairment in patients with more than 1-year COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 13:160-164. [PMID: 35943211 PMCID: PMC9539209 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Luca Pendolino
- Department of ENTRoyal National ENT & Eastman Dental HospitalsLondonUK,Ear InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | | | - David Choi
- Department of NeurosurgeryNational Hospital for Neurology and NeurosurgeryLondonUK
| | - Giancarlo Ottaviano
- Department of NeurosciencesOtolaryngology SectionUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Peter J Andrews
- Department of ENTRoyal National ENT & Eastman Dental HospitalsLondonUK,Ear InstituteUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Luigi A Vaira
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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34
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Vaira LA, De Riu G, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Lechien JR. The rate of persistent COVID-19 related chemosensory dysfunctions can be established only after one year. Oral Dis 2022; 28 Suppl 2:2630-2631. [PMID: 35775823 PMCID: PMC9349988 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Istituto Tumori G. Pascale of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maglitto
- ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Istituto Tumori G. Pascale of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium
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35
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Boscolo-Rizzo P, Hopkins C, Menini A, Dibattista M, Cancellieri E, Gardenal N, Tofanelli M, Valentinotti R, Lechien JR, Vaira LA, Tirelli G. Parosmia assessment with structured questions and its functional impact in patients with long-term COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2022; 12:1570-1574. [PMID: 35758174 PMCID: PMC9350240 DOI: 10.1002/alr.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Anna Menini
- Neurobiology Group, SISSA, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
| | - Michele Dibattista
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilia Cancellieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Gardenal
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Margherita Tofanelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Romina Valentinotti
- Department of Prevention, Section of Hygiene and Public Health, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Tirelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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36
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Vaira LA, De Riu G, Salzano G, Maglitto F, Boscolo-Rizzo P, Lechien JR. In Response to Clinical Features of Parosmia Associated with COVID-19 Infection. Laryngoscope 2022; 132:E28-E29. [PMID: 35385148 PMCID: PMC9088487 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Angelo Vaira
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.,Biomedical Science Department, PhD School of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giacomo De Riu
- Maxillofacial Surgery Operative Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Salzano
- ENT and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Istituto Tumori G. Pascale of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Maglitto
- Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, University Hospital of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Section of Otolaryngology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jerome R Lechien
- Department of Anatomy and Experimental Oncology, Mons School of Medicine, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, Elsan Hospital, Paris, France
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Lim SXL, Höchenberger R, Busch NA, Bergmann M, Ohla K. Associations between Taste and Smell Sensitivity, Preference and Quality of Life in Healthy Aging-The NutriAct Family Study Examinations (NFSE) Cohort. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061141. [PMID: 35334798 PMCID: PMC8950182 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and smell function decline with age, with robust impairment in the very old. Much less is known about taste and smell function in young and middle aged. We investigated taste and smell sensitivity via thresholds in a sub-sample of the NutriAct Family Study (NFS), the NFS Examinations cohort (NFSE; N = 251, age M = 62.5 years). We examined different aspects relating to taste and smell function: the degree to which taste and smell sensitivity relate to another and to taste and smell preferences, the role of gender and age, as well as effects on Quality of Life (QoL). Taste thresholds were highly correlated, but no correlation was observed between taste and smell thresholds and between thresholds and preference. Women were more sensitive for both taste and smell than men. We found no effect of age on sensitivity and no effect of sensitivity on QoL. All null findings were complemented by Bayesian statistics. Together our results indicate the independence of taste and smell despite their overlap during sensorial experiences. We found no evidence for age-related sensory decline, which could be due to our sample’s characteristics of non-clinical volunteers with good dental health and 93% non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley X. L. Lim
- Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (M.B.); (K.O.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Richard Höchenberger
- CEA, Inria, Université Paris-Saclay, 1 Rue Honoré d’Estienne d’Orves, 91120 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Niko A. Busch
- Institute of Psychology, University of Münster, Fliednerstraße 21, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Manuela Bergmann
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (M.B.); (K.O.)
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kathrin Ohla
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; (M.B.); (K.O.)
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Armed Forces Hamburg, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
- Firmenich SA, Rue de la Bergère 7, 1242 Satigny, Switzerland
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