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Nayyar K, Sidhu TK, Garg AK. Association of COVID-19 With Emergence of Comorbidities: A Hospital-Based Cohort Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e66147. [PMID: 39233974 PMCID: PMC11372245 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2019, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 marked the beginning of the COVID-19 global pandemic, which reached its peak in 2020. Initially designated as a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 emerged as a respiratory illness and later began causing multi-organ complications in recovered patients. METHODS This article presents a hospital-based retrospective cohort study conducted via telephone interviews with patients in a tertiary hospital. After obtaining verbal consent from the subjects, the study utilized a semi-structured questionnaire to gather data. RESULTS In the 54-person cohort group, 64.8% were males and 35.1% were females. The mean duration of the male patients' hospital stays was greater than that of the female patients. However, the mean lag time between the onset of comorbidities and recovery from COVID-19 was shorter in females than in males. Upon further analysis, it was revealed that female patients are more susceptible to the development of multiple comorbidities at once, occurring in 37.5% of the female patients in this study. Diabetes mellitus alone had the highest incidence rate (12.9%), followed by ST-elevation myocardial Infarctions (7.4%) and thrombocytopenia (5.5%). Of the cohort group, 51.8% developed comorbidities after exposure to COVID-19, while about 14.8% of the control group developed comorbidities from March 2020 onwards, i.e. from the commencement of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The relative risk assessed for this study is 3.5. The study's attributable risk is 71.42%. CONCLUSION The incidence of comorbidities in the cohort group was greater than that in the control group, demonstrating COVID-19 as a risk factor for post-exposure comorbidities. It is clear that there is a direct association between COVID-19 and the development of comorbidities, which is inferred with a relative risk of 3.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi Nayyar
- Internal Medicine, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
| | - Tanvir K Sidhu
- Community Medicine, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
| | - Avneet K Garg
- Pulmonary Medicine, Adesh Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bathinda, IND
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Kimata M, Hashimoto K, Harada N, Kawamura Y, Kimizuka Y, Fujikura Y, Kaneko M, Kiriu N, Sekine Y, Iwabuchi N, Kiyozumi T, Kawana A, Matsukuma S, Tanaka Y. Noninvasive Ambulatory Electrocardiographic Markers from Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: A Report of Three Cases. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:655. [PMID: 38674301 PMCID: PMC11052239 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected medical practice. More than 7,000,000 patients died worldwide after being infected with COVID-19; however, no specific laboratory markers have yet been established to predict death related to this disease. In contrast, electrocardiographic changes due to COVID-19 include QT prolongation and ST-T changes; however, there have not been studies on the ambulatory electrocardiographic markers of COVID-19. We encountered three patients diagnosed as having COVID-19 who did not have a prior history of significant structural heart diseases. All patients had abnormalities in ambulatory echocardiogram parameters detected by high-resolution 24 h electrocardiogram monitoring: positive late potentials (LPs) and T-wave alternans (TWA), abnormal heart rate variability (HRV), and heart rate turbulence (HRT). Case 1 involved a 78-year-old woman with a history of chronic kidney disease, Case 2 involved a 76-year-old man with hypertension and diabetes, and Case 3 involved a 67-year-old man with renal cancer, lung cancer, and diabetes. None of them had a prior history of significant structural heart disease. Although no significant consistent increases in clinical markers were observed, all three patients died, mainly because of respiratory failure with mild heart failure. The LP, TWA, HRV, and HRT were positive in all three cases with no significant structural cardiac disease at the initial phase of admission. The further accumulation of data regarding ambulatory electrocardiographic markers in patients with COVID-19 is needed. Depending on the accumulation of data, the LP, TWA, HRV, and HRT could be identified as potential risk factors for COVID-19 pneumonia in the early phase of admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Kimata
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Kenichi Hashimoto
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Naomi Harada
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.H.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yusuke Kawamura
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.H.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimizuka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Yuji Fujikura
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Mayuko Kaneko
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (Y.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Nobuaki Kiriu
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (Y.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Yasumasa Sekine
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (Y.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Natsumi Iwabuchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (N.I.); (S.M.)
| | - Tetsuro Kiyozumi
- Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.K.); (Y.S.); (T.K.)
- Department of Defense Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kawana
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (Y.K.); (Y.F.); (A.K.)
| | - Susumu Matsukuma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College Hospital, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (N.I.); (S.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Department of General Medicine, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa 359-8513, Saitama, Japan; (M.K.); (N.H.); (Y.T.)
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Jayasekera MMPT, De Silva NL, Edirisinghe EMDT, Samarawickrama T, Sirimanna SWDRC, Govindapala BGDS, Senanayake G, Wickramaratne DLN, Hettigoda K, Gunawaradana UDIB, Wijayananda KDPB, Wijesinghe RANK. A prospective cohort study on post COVID syndrome from a tertiary care centre in Sri Lanka. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15569. [PMID: 37730947 PMCID: PMC10511420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a scarcity of follow-up data on post-COVID syndrome and its physical, psychological, and quality of life attributes, particularly from South Asian populations. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, associations, and impact of the post-COVID syndrome among patients treated at a dedicated COVID-19 treatment unit. A prospective cohort study was conducted to follow-up patients with moderate to severe disease or mild disease with co-morbidities at 2 and 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months and 1 year from discharge. Clinical notes, an interviewer-administered questionnaire and six-item cognitive impairment, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Fatigue (11-item Chalder) and EQ5D5L questionnaires were used for data collection. All patients had follow-up echocardiograms and symptomatic patients had biochemical and haematological investigations, chest x-rays, high-resolution computed tomography of chest and lung function tests. Among 153 patients {mean age 57.2 ± 16.3 years (83 (54.2% males)}, 92 (60.1%) got the severe disease. At least a single post-COVID symptom was reported by 119 (77.3%), 92 (60.1%), 54 (35.3%) and 25 (16.3%) at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year respectively. Post-COVID symptoms were significantly associated with disease severity (p = 0.004). Fatigue was found in 139 (90.3%), 97 (63.4%) and 66 (43.1%) patients at 2, 6 and 12 weeks respectively. Dyspnoea {OR 1.136 (CI 95% 0.525-2.455)}, arthralgia {OR 1.83(CI 95% 0.96-3.503)} and unsteadiness {OR 1.34 (CI 95% 0.607-2.957)}were strongly associated with age above 60 years. Both genders were equally affected. In multivariable logistic regression, fatigue and anxiety/depression were associated with poor quality of life (QoL) (p = 0.014, p ≤ 0.001) in 6 weeks. In cardiac assessments, diastolic dysfunction (DD) was detected in 110 (72%) patients at 2 weeks and this number reduced to 64 (41.8%) at 12 weeks. The decline in diastolic dysfunction in elderly patients was significantly higher compared to young patients (p = 0.012). Most post-COVID symptoms, QoL and cognition improve during the first few months. The severity of the disease and older age are associated with post-COVID symptoms. Transient DD may contribute to cardiac symptoms of post-COVID syndrome, especially in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M P T Jayasekera
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
- University Hospital Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
| | - N L De Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University Hospital Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - T Samarawickrama
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University Hospital Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - B G D S Govindapala
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University Hospital Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - G Senanayake
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University Hospital Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - K Hettigoda
- Department of Psychology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - U D I B Gunawaradana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - R A N K Wijesinghe
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- University Hospital Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Ceasovschih A, Sorodoc V, Shor A, Haliga RE, Roth L, Lionte C, Onofrei Aursulesei V, Sirbu O, Culis N, Shapieva A, Tahir Khokhar MAR, Statescu C, Sascau RA, Coman AE, Stoica A, Grigorescu ED, Banach M, Thomopoulos C, Sorodoc L. Distinct Features of Vascular Diseases in COVID-19. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:2783-2800. [PMID: 37435114 PMCID: PMC10332421 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s417691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was declared in early 2020 after several unexplained pneumonia cases were first reported in Wuhan, China, and subsequently in other parts of the world. Commonly, the disease comprises several clinical features, including high temperature, dry cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, associated with findings of interstitial pneumonia on chest X-ray and computer tomography. Nevertheless, severe forms of acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are not limited to the respiratory tract but also may be extended to other systems, including the cardiovascular system. The bi-directional relationship between atherosclerosis and COVID-19 is accompanied by poor prognosis. The immune response hyperactivation due to SARS-CoV-2 infection causes an increased secretion of cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and arterial stiffness, which promotes the development of atherosclerosis. Also, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, access to healthcare amenities was reduced, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in patients at risk. Furthermore, as lockdown measures were largely adopted worldwide, the sedentary lifestyle and the increased consumption of processed nutrients or unhealthy food increased, and in the consequence, we might observe even 70% of overweight and obese population. Altogether, with the relatively low ratio of vaccinated people in many countries, and important health debt appeared, which is now and will be for next decade a large healthcare challenge. However, the experience gained in the COVID-19 pandemic and the new methods of patients' approaching have helped the medical system to overcome this crisis and will hopefully help in the case of new possible epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Ceasovschih
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
| | - Victorita Sorodoc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
| | - Annabelle Shor
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
| | - Raluca Ecaterina Haliga
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, 2610, Belgium
| | - Catalina Lionte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
| | | | - Oana Sirbu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
| | - Nicolae Culis
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen’s Medical Center, Nottingham, NG72UH, UK
| | - Albina Shapieva
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Department, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Cristian Statescu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Iasi, 700503, Romania
| | - Radu A Sascau
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Iasi, 700503, Romania
| | - Adorata Elena Coman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
| | - Alexandra Stoica
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
| | - Elena-Daniela Grigorescu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, 93338, Poland
| | - Costas Thomopoulos
- Department of Cardiology, Elena Venizelou General Hospital, Athens, GR-11522, Greece
| | - Laurentiu Sorodoc
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, 700115, Romania
- 2nd Internal Medicine Department, Sf. Spiridon Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi, 700111, Romania
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Yugar-Toledo JC, Yugar LBT, Sedenho-Prado LG, Schreiber R, Moreno H. Pathophysiological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cardiovascular system and its clinical manifestations-a mini review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1162837. [PMID: 37260945 PMCID: PMC10229057 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1162837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 may have a mild presentation, with few symptoms, or progress to a severe condition, characterized by generalized inflammation, systemic microvascular involvement, coagulopathy, and pulmonary and cardiovascular complications. Men present with more severe symptoms than women, especially men who are older and who present with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and a history of atherosclerotic diseases. Owing to its association with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, thrombosis, and microvascular obstruction, SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause lesions in several organs, including the myocardium and the coronary arterial bed, which can result in clinical manifestations involving the cardiovascular system. In this mini review, we summarize the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the cardiovascular system in both children and adults and characterize the various clinical manifestations associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heitor Moreno
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Popa-Fotea NM, Grigore IA, Calmac L, Mihai C, Bataila V, Ploscaru V, Dragoescu B, Moldovan H, Busnatu SS, Panaitescu E, Iliuță L, Scafa-Udriște A. The Profile and All-Cause In-Hospital Mortality Dynamics of St-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients during the Two Years of the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Clin Med 2023; 12:1467. [PMID: 36836002 PMCID: PMC9960631 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID-19), some studies showed differences in the profile of subjects presenting with acute coronary syndromes as well as in overall mortality due to the delay of presentation and other complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the profile and outcomes, with emphasis on all-cause in-hospital mortality, of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) subjects presenting to the emergency department during the pandemic period compared with a control group from the previous year, 2019. The study enrolled 2011 STEMI cases, which were divided into two groups-pre-pandemic (2019-2020) and pandemic period (2020-2022). Hospital admissions for a STEMI diagnosis sharply decreased during the COVID-19 period by 30.26% during the first year and 25.4% in the second year. This trend was paralleled by a significant increase in all-cause in-hospital mortality: 11.5% in the pandemic period versus 8.1% in the previous year. There was a significant association between SARS-CoV-2 positivity and all-cause in-hospital mortality, but no correlation was found between COVID-19 diagnosis and the type of revascularization. However, the profile of subjects presenting with STEMI did not change over time during the pandemic; their demographic and comorbid characteristics remained similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia-Adelina Grigore
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian Calmac
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cosmin Mihai
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Bataila
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Ploscaru
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdan Dragoescu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Horatiu Moldovan
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stefan-Sebastian Busnatu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital “Bagdasar Arseni”, 041915 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugenia Panaitescu
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luminita Iliuță
- Medical Informatics and Biostatistics Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Cardioclass Clinic for Cardiovascular Disease, 031125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriște
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania
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Khan Z, Patel N. Prolonged Use of Tirofiban Infusion Without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention To Achieve Optimal Results in a COVID-19 Positive Patient With Inferior ST Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) Secondary to Thromboembolism: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e30287. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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8
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Ischemic Heart Disease in the Context of Different Comorbidities. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101558. [PMID: 36294993 PMCID: PMC9604726 DOI: 10.3390/life12101558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [...].
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