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Yang R, Li K, Wang M, Sun M, Li Q, Chen L, Xiao F, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jiao F, Chen J. ZmNAC17 Regulates Mesocotyl Elongation by Mediating Auxin and ROS Biosynthetic Pathways in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4585. [PMID: 38731804 PMCID: PMC11083593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The mesocotyl is of great significance in seedling emergence and in responding to biotic and abiotic stress in maize. The NAM, ATAF, and CUC2 (NAC) transcription factor family plays an important role in maize growth and development; however, its function in the elongation of the maize mesocotyl is still unclear. In this study, we found that the mesocotyl length in zmnac17 loss-of-function mutants was lower than that in the B73 wild type. By using transcriptomic sequencing technology, we identified 444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between zmnac17-1 and B73, which were mainly enriched in the "tryptophan metabolism" and "antioxidant activity" pathways. Compared with the control, the zmnac17-1 mutants exhibited a decrease in the content of indole acetic acid (IAA) and an increase in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our results provide preliminary evidence that ZmNAC17 regulates the elongation of the maize mesocotyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Kangshi Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Meng Sun
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Qiuhua Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhenlong Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Fuchao Jiao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jingtang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- The Characteristic Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Application, Provincial Department of Education, College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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Chachar Z, Lai R, Ahmed N, Lingling M, Chachar S, Paker NP, Qi Y. Cloned genes and genetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in maize, a comparative review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1310634. [PMID: 38328707 PMCID: PMC10847539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1310634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are plant-based pigments that are primarily present in berries, grapes, purple yam, purple corn and black rice. The research on fruit corn with a high anthocyanin content is not sufficiently extensive. Considering its crucial role in nutrition and health it is vital to conduct further studies on how anthocyanin accumulates in fruit corn and to explore its potential for edible and medicinal purposes. Anthocyanin biosynthesis plays an important role in maize stems (corn). Several beneficial compounds, particularly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, perlagonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin 3-O-glucoside, and their malonylated derivatives have been identified. C1, C2, Pl1, Pl2, Sh2, ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 harbored functional alleles that played a role in the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in maize. The Sh2 gene in maize regulates sugar-to-starch conversion, thereby influencing kernel quality and nutritional content. ZmCOP1 and ZmHY5 are key regulatory genes in maize that control light responses and photomorphogenesis. This review concludes the molecular identification of all the genes encoding structural enzymes of the anthocyanin pathway in maize by describing the cloning and characterization of these genes. Our study presents important new understandings of the molecular processes behind the manufacture of anthocyanins in maize, which will contribute to the development of genetically modified variants of the crop with increased color and possible health advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiQiang Lai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ma Lingling
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - YongWen Qi
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Zhao X, Li J, Niu Y, Hossain Z, Gao X, Bai X, Mao T, Qi G, He F. Exogenous Serotonin (5-HT) Promotes Mesocotyl and Coleoptile Elongation in Maize Seedlings under Deep-Seeding Stress through Enhancing Auxin Accumulation and Inhibiting Lignin Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17061. [PMID: 38069387 PMCID: PMC10707020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT), an indoleamine compound, has been known to mediate many physiological responses of plants under environmental stress. The deep-seeding (≥20 cm) of maize seeds is an important cultivation strategy to ensure seedling emergence and survival under drought stress. However, the role of 5-HT in maize deep-seeding tolerance remains unexplored. Understanding the mechanisms and evaluating the optimal concentration of 5-HT in alleviating deep-seeding stress could benefit maize production. In this study, two maize inbred lines were treated with or without 5-HT at both sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm, respectively. The effects of different concentrations of 5-HT on the growth phenotypes, physiological metabolism, and gene expression of two maize inbred lines were examined at the sowing depths of 20 cm and 3 cm. Compared to the normal seedling depth of 3 cm, the elongation of the mesocotyl (average elongation 3.70 cm) and coleoptile (average elongation 0.58 cm), secretion of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA; average increased 3.73 and 0.63 ng g-1 FW), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; average increased 1.95 and 0.63 μM g-1 FW) in the mesocotyl and coleoptile were increased under 20 cm stress, with a concomitant decrease in lignin synthesis (average decreased 0.48 and 0.53 A280 g-1). Under 20 cm deep-seeding stress, the addition of 5-HT activated the expression of multiple genes of IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction, including Zm00001d049601, Zm00001d039346, Zm00001d026530, and Zm00001d049659, and it also stimulated IAA production in both the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. On the contrary, 5-HT suppressed the expression of genes for lignin biosynthesis (Zm00001d016471, Zm00001d005998, Zm00001d032152, and Zm00001d053554) and retarded the accumulation of H2O2 and lignin, resulting in the elongation of the mesocotyl and coleoptile of maize seedlings. A comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that the optimum concentration of 5-HT in relieving deep-seeding stress was 2.5 mg/L for both inbred lines, and 5-HT therefore could improve the seedling emergence rate and alleviate deep-seeding stress in maize seedlings. These findings could provide a novel strategy for improving maize deep-seeding tolerance, thus enhancing yield potential under drought and water stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Yining Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Zakir Hossain
- Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current, SK S9H 3X2, Canada;
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaodong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Taotao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Guoxiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
| | - Fuqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (X.Z.); (J.L.); (X.B.); (T.M.); (G.Q.); (F.H.)
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