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Baniasadi H, Madani Z, Mohan M, Vaara M, Lipponen S, Vapaavuori J, Seppälä JV. Heat-Induced Actuator Fibers: Starch-Containing Biopolyamide Composites for Functional Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48584-48600. [PMID: 37787649 PMCID: PMC10591286 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces the development of a thermally responsive shape-morphing fabric using low-melting-point polyamide shape memory actuators. To facilitate the blending of biomaterials, we report the synthesis and characterization of a biopolyamide with a relatively low melting point. Additionally, we present a straightforward and solvent-free method for the compatibilization of starch particles with the synthesized biopolyamide, aiming to enhance the sustainability of polyamide and customize the actuation temperature. Subsequently, homogeneous dispersion of up to 70 wt % compatibilized starch particles into the matrix is achieved. The resulting composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties comparable to those reported for soft and tough materials, making them well suited for textile integration. Furthermore, cyclic thermomechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the shape memory and shape recovery of both plain polyamide and composites. The results confirmed their remarkable shape recovery properties. To demonstrate the potential application of biocomposites in textiles, a heat-responsive fabric was created using thermoresponsive shape memory polymer actuators composed of a biocomposite containing 50 wt % compatibilized starch. This fabric demonstrates the ability to repeatedly undergo significant heat-induced deformations by opening and closing pores, thereby exposing hidden functionalities through heat stimulation. This innovative approach provides a convenient pathway for designing heat-responsive textiles, adding value to state-of-the-art smart textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Baniasadi
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Zahra Madani
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Mithila Mohan
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Maija Vaara
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Lipponen
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jukka V. Seppälä
- Polymer
Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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Assessment of the Anti-Thrombogenic Activity of Polyurethane Starch Composites. J Funct Biomater 2022; 13:jfb13040184. [PMID: 36278653 PMCID: PMC9589968 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing morbidity and mortality of patients due to post-surgery complications of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABPG) are related to blood–material interactions. Thus, the characterization of the thrombogenicity of the biomaterial for cardiovascular devices is of particular interest. This research evaluated the anti-thrombogenic activity of polyurethanes–starch composites. We previously synthesized polyurethane matrices that were obtained from polycaprolactone diol (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), pentaerythritol (PE), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI). In addition, potato starch (AL-N) and zwitterionic starch (AL-Z) were added as fillers. The anti-thrombogenic property was characterized by the clot formation time, platelet adhesion, protein absorption, TAT complex levels, and hemolysis. Additionally, we evaluated the cell viability of the endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Statically significant differences among the polyurethane matrices (P1, P2, and P3) were found for protein absorption and the blood clotting time without fillers. The polyurethanes composites with AL-Z presented an improvement in the anti-thrombogenic property. On the other hand, the composites with AL-Z reduced the viability of the endothelial cells and did not significantly affect the AoSCM (except for P1, which increased). These results classify these biomaterials as inert; therefore, they can be used for cardiovascular applications.
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Influence of Starch on the Structure–Properties Relationship in Polyethylene Glycol/Polycaprolactone Diol Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153184. [PMID: 35956699 PMCID: PMC9371100 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Improvements in the antithrombogenicity activity of biomaterials for cardiovascular applications are necessary to meet the demand for vascular grafts in the world. Zwitterionic compounds tend to be used due to their anti-fouling properties, which reduce platelet adhesions and protein absorptions. Therefore, in this research, potato starch (AL-N) and zwitterionic starch (AL-Z) (obtained by Williamson etherification) were included as fillers in polyurethane (PU) matrices from polycaprolactone diol (PCL), polyethylene glycol (PEG), pentaerythritol (PE) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) in order to study their effect in terms of their physicochemical, mechanical and thermal properties. We conducted our evaluation using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), contact angle analysis, swelling behavior, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), tensile/strain analysis, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that AL-N and AL-Z modified these properties, where AL-N improved tensile strength, and AL-Z increased the hydrophilicity of polyurethanes matrices; additionally, AL-N had interactions with the soft segments, and AL-Z had interactions with the hard segments. Finally, both fillers reduced the degree of crystallinity and did not affect the thermal stability of polyurethanes.
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Merzah ZF, Fakhry S, Allami TG, Yuhana NY, Alamiery A. Enhancement of the Properties of Hybridizing Epoxy and Nanoclay for Mechanical, Industrial, and Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030526. [PMID: 35160515 PMCID: PMC8838146 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong demand for plastic and polymeric materials continues to grow year after year, making these industries critical to address sustainability. By functioning as a filler in either a synthetic or natural starch matrix, nanoclay enables significant reductions in the impact of nonbiodegradable materials. The effect of treated nanoclay (NC) loading on the mechanical and morphological properties (EP) of epoxy is investigated in this research. The NC-EP nanocomposites were prepared via casting. The investigation begins with adding NC at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3 weight percent, followed by the effect of acid treatment on the same nanocomposites. The evaluation is focused on four mechanical tensile strength parameters: Young’s modulus, maximum load, and % elongation. The addition of NC improved the mechanical properties of the four components by 27.2%, 33.38%, 46.98%, and 43.58%, respectively. The acid treatment improved 35.9%, 42.8%, 51.1%, and 83.5%, respectively. These improvements were attributed to NC’s ability to alter the structural morphology as assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), a tool for analysing the microstructure. FESEM images were used to visualise the interaction between the NC and EP nanocomposites. The dynamic mechanical properties of the hybrid nanocomposites were investigated using storage modulus, loss modulus, and tan(delta). The results have shown that the viscoelastic properties improved as the fraction of NC increased. The overall findings suggest that these nanocomposites could be used in various industrial and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Fakhri Merzah
- Institute of Laser for Postgraduate Studies, University of Baghdad, Baghdad 10071, Iraq;
| | - Sokina Fakhry
- Al Furat Intermediate School for Girls, Ministry of Education, Babylon 11524, Iraq;
| | - Tyser Gaaz Allami
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-1157-733-927
| | - Nor Yuliana Yuhana
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.Y.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alamiery
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (N.Y.Y.); (A.A.)
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Hosseinpourpia R, Adamopoulos S, Echart AS, Eceiza A. Polyurethane films prepared with isophorone diisocyanate functionalized wheat starch. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Determination of thermo-mechanical properties of recycled polyurethane from glycolysis polyol. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2021.e00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Saha P, Aloui H, Yun J, Kim H, Kim BS. Development of a novel composite film based on polyurethane and defatted
Chlorella
biomass: Physical and functional characterization. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pathikrit Saha
- Department of Chemical Engineering Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Hajer Aloui
- Department of Chemical Engineering Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Ho Yun
- Cell Factory Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Hee‐Sik Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Soo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering Chungbuk National University Cheongju Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Yang L, Ma C, Zhang Y. Thermal Behavior of Sweet Potato Starch by Non-Isothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050699. [PMID: 30818794 PMCID: PMC6427396 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to study the structure, the thermal degradation kinetics, and the thermogram of sweet potato starch, respectively. The thermal decomposition kinetics of sweet potato starch was examined within different heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. Different models of kinetic analysis were used to calculate the activation energies using the thermogravimetric data of the thermal degradation process. The activation energies got from Kissinger, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, and Šatava–Šesták models were 173.85, 174.87, and 174.34 kJ·mol−1, respectively. Thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) analysis showed that the main pyrolysis products included water, carbon dioxide, and methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
| | - Liutao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
- College of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
| | - Chunping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
- College of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
| | - Yingzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials Processing of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
- College of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, China.
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Physico-Mechanical and Thermodynamic Properties of Mycelium-Based Biocomposites: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the use of non-renewable resources is a key strategy of a circular economy. Mycelium-based foams and sandwich composites are an emerging category of biocomposites relying on the valorization of lignocellulosic wastes and the natural growth of the living fungal organism. While growing, the fungus cements the substrate, which is partially replaced by the tenacious biomass of the fungus itself. The final product can be shaped to produce insulating panels, packaging materials, bricks or new-design objects. Only a few pioneer companies in the world retain a significant know-how, as well as the ability to provide the material characterization. Moreover, several technical details are not revealed due to industrial secrecy. According to the available literature, mycelium-based biocomposites show low density and good insulation properties, both related to acoustic and thermal aspects. Mechanical properties are apparently inferior in comparison to expanded polystyrene (EPS), which is the major synthetic competitor. Nevertheless, mycelium-based composites can display an enormous variability on the basis of: fungal species and strain; substrate composition and structure; and incubation conditions. The aim of the present review is to summarize technical aspects and properties of mycelium-based biocomposites focusing on both actual applications and future perspectives.
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