1
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Shahemi NH, Mahat MM, Asri NAN, Amir MA, Ab Rahim S, Kasri MA. Application of Conductive Hydrogels on Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023. [PMID: 37364251 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe motor or sensory damage that leads to long-term disabilities due to disruption of electrical conduction in neuronal pathways. Despite current clinical therapies being used to limit the propagation of cell or tissue damage, the need for neuroregenerative therapies remains. Conductive hydrogels have been considered a promising neuroregenerative therapy due to their ability to provide a pro-regenerative microenvironment and flexible structure, which conforms to a complex SCI lesion. Furthermore, their conductivity can be utilized for noninvasive electrical signaling in dictating neuronal cell behavior. However, the ability of hydrogels to guide directional axon growth to reach the distal end for complete nerve reconnection remains a critical challenge. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in conductive hydrogels, including the incorporation of conductive materials, fabrication techniques, and cross-linking interactions. We also discuss important characteristics for designing conductive hydrogels for directional growth and regenerative therapy. We propose insights into electrical conductivity properties in a hydrogel that could be implemented as guidance for directional cell growth for SCI applications. Specifically, we highlight the practical implications of recent findings in the field, including the potential for conductive hydrogels to be used in clinical applications. We conclude that conductive hydrogels are a promising neuroregenerative therapy for SCI and that further research is needed to optimize their design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hidayah Shahemi
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Muzamir Mahat
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Ain Najihah Asri
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Abid Amir
- Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharaniza Ab Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine, Sungai Buloh Campus, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Arif Kasri
- Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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2
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Pele KG, Amaveda H, Mora M, Marcuello C, Lostao A, Alamán-Díez P, Pérez-Huertas S, Ángeles Pérez M, García-Aznar JM, García-Gareta E. Hydrocolloids of Egg White and Gelatin as a Platform for Hydrogel-Based Tissue Engineering. Gels 2023; 9:505. [PMID: 37367175 DOI: 10.3390/gels9060505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative materials are needed to produce scaffolds for various tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications, including tissue models. Materials derived from natural sources that offer low production costs, easy availability, and high bioactivity are highly preferred. Chicken egg white (EW) is an overlooked protein-based material. Whilst its combination with the biopolymer gelatin has been investigated in the food technology industry, mixed hydrocolloids of EW and gelatin have not been reported in TERM. This paper investigates these hydrocolloids as a suitable platform for hydrogel-based tissue engineering, including 2D coating films, miniaturized 3D hydrogels in microfluidic devices, and 3D hydrogel scaffolds. Rheological assessment of the hydrocolloid solutions suggested that temperature and EW concentration can be used to fine-tune the viscosity of the ensuing gels. Fabricated thin 2D hydrocolloid films presented globular nano-topography and in vitro cell work showed that the mixed hydrocolloids had increased cell growth compared with EW films. Results showed that hydrocolloids of EW and gelatin can be used for creating a 3D hydrogel environment for cell studies inside microfluidic devices. Finally, 3D hydrogel scaffolds were fabricated by sequential temperature-dependent gelation followed by chemical cross-linking of the polymeric network of the hydrogel for added mechanical strength and stability. These 3D hydrogel scaffolds displayed pores, lamellae, globular nano-topography, tunable mechanical properties, high affinity for water, and cell proliferation and penetration properties. In conclusion, the large range of properties and characteristics of these materials provide a strong potential for a large variety of TERM applications, including cancer models, organoid growth, compatibility with bioprinting, or implantable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karinna Georgiana Pele
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Hippolyte Amaveda
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Mario Mora
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Carlos Marcuello
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC and University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Pilar Alamán-Díez
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez-Huertas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Andalusia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Pérez
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - José Manuel García-Aznar
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
| | - Elena García-Gareta
- Multiscale in Mechanical & Biological Engineering Research Group, Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), School of Engineering & Architecture, University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragon), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Aragon, Spain
- Division of Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
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3
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Sierra-Delgado JA, Sinha-Ray S, Kaleem A, Ganjibakhsh M, Parvate M, Powers S, Zhang X, Likhite S, Meyer K. In Vitro Modeling as a Tool for Testing Therapeutics for Spinal Muscular Atrophy and IGHMBP2-Related Disorders. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:867. [PMID: 37372153 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the leading genetic cause of infant mortality. The most common form of SMA is caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene, located on 5q (SMA). On the other hand, mutations in IGHMBP2 lead to a large disease spectrum with no clear genotype-phenotype correlation, which includes Spinal Muscular Atrophy with Muscular Distress type 1 (SMARD1), an extremely rare form of SMA, and Charcot-Marie-Tooth 2S (CMT2S). We optimized a patient-derived in vitro model system that allows us to expand research on disease pathogenesis and gene function, as well as test the response to the AAV gene therapies we have translated to the clinic. We generated and characterized induced neurons (iN) from SMA and SMARD1/CMT2S patient cell lines. After establishing the lines, we treated the generated neurons with AAV9-mediated gene therapy (AAV9.SMN (Zolgensma) for SMA and AAV9.IGHMBP2 for IGHMBP2 disorders (NCT05152823)) to evaluate the response to treatment. The iNs of both diseases show a characteristic short neurite length and defects in neuronal conversion, which have been reported in the literature before with iPSC modeling. SMA iNs respond to treatment with AAV9.SMN in vitro, showing a partial rescue of the morphology phenotype. For SMARD1/CMT2S iNs, we were able to observe an improvement in the neurite length of neurons after the restoration of IGHMBP2 in all disease cell lines, albeit to a variable extent, with some lines showing better responses to treatment than others. Moreover, this protocol allowed us to classify a variant of uncertain significance on IGHMBP2 on a suspected SMARD1/CMT2S patient. This study will further the understanding of SMA, and SMARD1/CMT2S disease in particular, in the context of variable patient mutations, and might further the development of new treatments, which are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shrestha Sinha-Ray
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Abuzar Kaleem
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Meysam Ganjibakhsh
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Mohini Parvate
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Samantha Powers
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Shibi Likhite
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kathrin Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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4
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Tseng YH, Ma TL, Tan DH, Su AJA, Washington KM, Wang CC, Huang YC, Wu MC, Su WF. Injectable Hydrogel Guides Neurons Growth with Specific Directionality. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097952. [PMID: 37175657 PMCID: PMC10178216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual disabilities affect more than 250 million people, with 43 million suffering from irreversible blindness. The eyes are an extension of the central nervous system which cannot regenerate. Neural tissue engineering is a potential method to cure the disease. Injectability is a desirable property for tissue engineering scaffolds which can eliminate some surgical procedures and reduce possible complications and health risks. We report the development of the anisotropic structured hydrogel scaffold created by a co-injection of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) solution and co-polypeptide solution. The positively charged poly (L-lysine)-r-poly(L-glutamic acid) with 20 mol% of glutamic acid (PLLGA) is crosslinked with negatively charged CNF while promoting cellular activity from the acid nerve stimulate. We found that CNF easily aligns under shear forces from injection and is able to form hydrogel with an ordered structure. Hydrogel is mechanically strong and able to support, guide, and stimulate neurite growth. The anisotropy of our hydrogel was quantitatively determined in situ by 2D optical microscopy and 3D X-ray tomography. The effects of PLLGA:CNF blend ratios on cell viability, neurite growth, and neuronal signaling are systematically investigated in this study. We determined the optimal blend composition for stimulating directional neurite growth yielded a 16% increase in length compared with control, reaching anisotropy of 30.30% at 10°/57.58% at 30°. Using measurements of calcium signaling in vitro, we found a 2.45-fold increase vs. control. Based on our results, we conclude this novel material and unique injection method has a high potential for application in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsiu Tseng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Li Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Dun-Heng Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - An-Jey A Su
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kia M Washington
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Huang
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chung Wu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Center for Green Technology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Fang Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei 24301, Taiwan
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5
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Chua P, Lim WK. The strategic uses of collagen in adherent cell cultures. Cell Biol Int 2023; 47:367-373. [PMID: 36423248 PMCID: PMC10098704 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The culture of adherent mammalian cells involves adhesion to the tissue culture vessel. This requires attachment factors from serum and/or a suitable substrate on the vessel surface. Some cells require collagen or other substrates to promote neurite outgrowth, differentiation or growth. However, laboratories often lack guidance on the selection and/or optimisation of collagen. We model such selection/optimisation work in the PC12 neuronal cell line. PC12 (NS-1 variant) cells require a substrate for adherence. Comparing cell attachment against a series of substrates, we found collagen IV to be optimal. We show by comparison of morphology against a range of concentrations that 10 µg/ml is sufficient for supporting cell attachment, and also differentiation. PC12 cells from Riken Cell Bank do not require a substrate for routine culturing but only for differentiation. As all substrates supported attachment equally well, we used a novel serum-free approach and identified collagen IV as its preferred substrate. For these cells, Dulbecco's modified eagle's medium but not Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) media supports normal cell attachment. However, coating with collagen IV enabled the cells to grow equally well in RPMI. Hence the strategic use of collagen is essential in laboratories working with anchorage-dependent cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- PinFen Chua
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - William K Lim
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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6
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Li JW, Zhang WC, Wu ZY, Liu H, Wang YC, Liu QS, Li SN, Lin YT, Hui AL. Synthesis of Quercetin-Acid Esters and Its Reduction of H 2 O 2 -Triggered PC12 Cells Damage by Down-Regulating ROS. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200897. [PMID: 36631429 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a kind of polyphenolic flavonoid compounds which has perfect antioxidant properties. However, quercetin is not available in many situations due to its poor bioavailability. In this work, the QAEs with better solubility and even stronger antioxidant properties were synthesized, through the esterification between quercetin and the chlorinated cinnamic acid or its derivatives, whose chlorination were achieved by using SOCl2 . The protective effects of the QAEs were evaluated by the H2 O2 -induced apoptosis experiment in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells (PC12 cells) and its ability to remove ROS generated by oxidative stress. Compared with the original quercetin group, the QAEs groups showed much improved cell viability and capability of removing ROS, which means their higher bioavailability than the parent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Wen-Cheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ze-Yu Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yun-Chun Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Qing-Song Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Yan-Ting Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
| | - Ai-Ling Hui
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 420 Feicui Road, Hefei, 230001, China
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7
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Tharushi Perera PG, Linklater DP, Kosyer E, Croft R, Ivanova EP. Localization of nanospheres in pheochromocytoma-like cells following exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic fields at 18 GHz. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:220520. [PMID: 35774138 PMCID: PMC9240668 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to high-frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) at 18 GHz was previously found to induce reversible cell permeabilization in eukaryotic cells; however, the fate of internalized foreign objects inside the cell remains unclear. Here, silica core-shell gold nanospheres (Au NS) of 20 ± 5 nm diameter were used to study the localization of Au NS in pheochromocytoma (PC 12) cells after exposure to HF EMFs at 18 GHz. Internalization of Au NS was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis based on corresponding scanning transmission electron microscopy energy-dispersive spectroscopy revealed the presence of the Au NS free within the PC 12 cell membrane, cytoplasm, enclosed within intracellular vesicles and sequestered in vacuoles. The results obtained in this work highlight that exposure to HF EMFs could be used as an efficient technique with potential for effective delivery of drugs, genetic material, and nanomaterials into cells for the purpose of cellular manipulation or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palalle G. Tharushi Perera
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne, ViC 3001, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, ViC 3122, Australia
| | - Denver P. Linklater
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne, ViC 3001, Australia
| | - Erim Kosyer
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne, ViC 3001, Australia
| | - Rodney Croft
- School of Psychology, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Elena P. Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, PO Box 2476, Melbourne, ViC 3001, Australia
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8
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Ma T, Tsai C, Luo S, Chen W, Huang Y, Su W. Chemical structures and compositions of peptide copolymer films affect their functional properties for cell adhesion and cell viability. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2022.105265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Frost OG, Owji N, Thorogate R, Kyriakidis C, Sawadkar P, Mordan N, Knowles JC, Lali F, Garcia-Gareta E. Cell morphology as a design parameter in the bioengineering of cell-biomaterial surface interactions. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:8032-8050. [PMID: 34723312 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Control of cell-surface interaction is necessary for biomaterial applications such as cell sheets, intelligent cell culture surfaces, or functional coatings. In this paper, we propose the emergent property of cell morphology as a design parameter in the bioengineering of cell-biomaterial surface interactions. Cell morphology measured through various parameters can indicate ideal candidates for these various applications thus reducing the time taken for the screening and development process. The hypothesis of this study is that there is an optimal cell morphology range for enhanced cell proliferation and migration on the surface of biomaterials. To test the hypothesis, primary porcine dermal fibroblasts (PDF, 3 biological replicates) were cultured on ten different surfaces comprising components of the natural extracellular matrix of tissues. Results suggested an optimal morphology with a cell aspect ratio (CAR) between 0.2 and 0.4 for both increased cell proliferation and migration. If the CAR was below 0.2 (very elongated cell), cell proliferation was increased whilst migration was reduced. A CAR of 0.4+ (rounded cell) favoured cell migration over proliferation. The screening process, when it comes to biomaterials is a long, repetitive, arduous but necessary event. This study highlights the beneficial use of testing the cell morphology on prospective prototypes, eliminating those that do not support an optimal cell shape. We believe that the research presented in this paper is important as we can help address this screening inefficiency through the use of the emergent property of cell morphology. Future work involves automating CAR quantification for high throughput screening of prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver G Frost
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Nazanin Owji
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK. .,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Thorogate
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christos Kyriakidis
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Prasad Sawadkar
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK. .,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicola Mordan
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C Knowles
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Ferdinand Lali
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.,The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Elena Garcia-Gareta
- Regenerative Biomaterials Group, The RAFT Institute & The Griffin Institute, Northwick Park & Saint Mark's Hospital, London, UK. .,Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, UK.,Aragonese Agency for R&D (ARAID) Foundation, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
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10
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Vedaraman S, Perez‐Tirado A, Haraszti T, Gerardo‐Nava J, Nishiguchi A, De Laporte L. Anisometric Microstructures to Determine Minimal Critical Physical Cues Required for Neurite Alignment. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100874. [PMID: 34197054 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In nerve regeneration, scaffolds play an important role in providing an artificial extracellular matrix with architectural, mechanical, and biochemical cues to bridge the site of injury. Directed nerve growth is a crucial aspect of nerve repair, often introduced by engineered scaffolds imparting linear tracks. The influence of physical cues, determined by well-defined architectures, has been mainly studied for implantable scaffolds and is usually limited to continuous guiding features. In this report, the potential of short anisometric microelements in inducing aligned neurite extension, their dimensions, and the role of vertical and horizontal distances between them, is investigated. This provides crucial information to create efficient injectable 3D materials with discontinuous, in situ magnetically oriented microstructures, like the Anisogel. By designing and fabricating periodic, anisometric, discreet guidance cues in a high-throughput 2D in vitro platform using two-photon lithography techniques, the authors are able to decipher the minimal guidance cues required for directed nerve growth along the major axis of the microelements. These features determine whether axons grow unidirectionally or cross paths via the open spaces between the elements, which is vital for the design of injectable Anisogels for enhanced nerve repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitara Vedaraman
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen Worringerweg 1–2 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Amaury Perez‐Tirado
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Tamas Haraszti
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen Worringerweg 1–2 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Jose Gerardo‐Nava
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
| | - Akihiro Nishiguchi
- Biomaterials Field Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba 305‐0044 Japan
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI‐Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstrasse 50 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen Worringerweg 1–2 Aachen 52074 Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine RWTH University Forckenbeckstraße 55 Aachen 52074 Germany
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11
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The Protective Effect of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Oxidative Stress to PC12 Cells Stimulated with H 2O 2 through Regulating PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5527475. [PMID: 34257805 PMCID: PMC8249132 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new pharmaceutical compound esterified by aspirin and eugenol, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. This study is aimed at identifying the protective effect of AEE against H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the possible mechanisms. The results of cell viability assay showed that AEE could increase the viability of PC12 cells stimulated by H2O2, while AEE alone had no significant effect on the viability of PC12 cells. Compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly decreased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in the H2O2 group. By AEE pretreatment, the level of MDA was reduced and the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were increased in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. In addition, AEE could reduce the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H2O2 via reducing superoxide anion, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and increasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, the results of western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, while the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax was significantly increased in the H2O2 group. In the AEE group, AEE pretreatment could upregulate the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulate the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in PC12 cells stimulated with H2O2. The silencing of PI3K with shRNA and its inhibitor-LY294002 could abrogate the protective effect of AEE in PC12 cells. Therefore, AEE has a protective effect on H2O2-induced PC12 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.
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Nigdelioglu Dolanbay S, Kocanci FG, Aslim B. Neuroprotective effects of allocryptopine-rich alkaloid extracts against oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111690. [PMID: 34004513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a significant feature in the pathomechanism of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the search for an effective and safe novel antioxidant agent with neuroprotective properties has increased the interest in medicinal plant products as a bioactive phytochemical source. However, little is known about the potential effects of the medically important Glaucium corniculatum as a natural antioxidant. OBJECTIVE In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and cell cycle regulatory mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of alkaloid extracts (chloroform, methanol, and water) from G. corniculatum, which was profiled for major alkaloid/alkaloids, against H2O2-induced neuronal damage in differentiated PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The profiles of the alkaloid extracts were analyzed by GC-MS. The effects of the alkaloid extracts on intracellular ROS production, level of apoptotic cells, and cell cycle dysregulation were analyzed by flow cytometry; the effects on mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes were also analyzed by qRT-PCR. RESULTS The same alkaloid components, allocryptopine, tetrahydropalmatine, and tetrahydroberberine N-oxide were obtained in all three solvents, but the ratios of the components differed according to the solvents. Allocryptopine was determined to be the major alkaloid ingredient in the alkaloid extracts, with the highest amount of allocryptopine (497 μg/mg) being found in the chloroform alkaloid extract (CAE) (*p < 0.05). The best results were obtained from CAE, which has the highest amount of allocryptopine among alkaloid extracts in all studies. CAE suppressed intracellular ROS production (5.7-fold), percentage of apoptotic cells (3.0-fold), and cells in the sub G1 phase (6.8-fold); additionally, it increased cells in the G1 phase (1.5-fold) (**p < 0.01). CAE remarkably reduced the expressions of Bax, Caspase-9/-3 mRNA (2.4-3.5-fold) while increasing the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (3.0-fold) (*p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that alkaloid extracts from G. corniculatum, which contain allocryptopine, tetrahydropalmatine, and tetrahydroberberine N-oxide suppressed oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis, possibly by suppressing the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and regulating the cell cycle. These results are the first report that related alkaloids have played a neuroprotective role by regulating multiple mechanisms. Thus, our study indicated that these alkaloids especially allocryptopine could offer an efficient and novel strategy to explore novel drugs for neuroprotection and cognitive improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Gonca Kocanci
- Alaaddin Keykubat University, Vocational High School of Health Services, Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Alanya 07425, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Belma Aslim
- Gazi University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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Eftekhari BS, Eskandari M, Janmey PA, Samadikuchaksaraei A, Gholipourmalekabadi M. Conductive chitosan/polyaniline hydrogel with cell-imprinted topography as a potential substrate for neural priming of adipose derived stem cells. RSC Adv 2021; 11:15795-15807. [PMID: 35481217 PMCID: PMC9029165 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical characteristics of engineered scaffolds such as topography and electroconductivity have shown potentially beneficial effects on stem cell morphology, proliferation, and differentiation toward neural cells. In this study, we fabricated a conductive hydrogel made from chitosan (CS) and polyaniline (PANI) with induced PC12 cell surface topography using a cell imprinting technique to provide both topographical properties and conductivity in a platform. The engineered hydrogel's potential for neural priming of rat adipose-derived stem cells (rADSCs) was determined in vitro. The biomechanical analysis revealed that the electrical conductivity, stiffness, and hydrophobicity of flat (F) and cell-imprinted (CI) substrates increased with increased PANI content in the CS/PANI scaffold. The conductive substrates exhibited a lower degradation rate compared to non-conductive substrates. According to data obtained from F-actin staining and AFM micrographs, both CI(CS) and CI(CS-PANI) substrates induced the morphology of rADSCs from their irregular shape (on flat substrates) into the elongated and bipolar shape of the neuronal-like PC12 cells. Immunostaining analysis revealed that both CI(CS) and CI (CS-PANI) significantly upregulated the expression of GFAP and MAP2, two neural precursor-specific genes, in rADSCs compared with flat substrates. Although the results reveal that both cell-imprinted topography and electrical conductivity affect the neural lineage differentiation, some data demonstrate that the topography effects of the cell-imprinted surface have a more critical role than electrical conductivity on neural priming of ADSCs. The current study provides new insight into the engineering of scaffolds for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Sadat Eftekhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave Tehran 15875-4413 Iran +98 21 6454 23 62.,Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania 1010 Vagelos Research Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk Philadelphia PA 19104-6383 USA +1 215 573 6815 +1 215 573 7380
| | - Mahnaz Eskandari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Ave Tehran 15875-4413 Iran +98 21 6454 23 62
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania 1010 Vagelos Research Laboratories, 3340 Smith Walk Philadelphia PA 19104-6383 USA +1 215 573 6815 +1 215 573 7380
| | | | - Mazaher Gholipourmalekabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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14
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Optimisation of a PC12 cell-based in vitro stroke model for screening neuroprotective agents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8096. [PMID: 33854099 PMCID: PMC8046774 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes death and disability globally but no neuroprotectant is approved for post-stroke neuronal injury. Neuroprotective compounds can be identified using oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) of neuronal cells as an in vitro stroke model. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 pheochromocytoma cells are frequently used. However, investigators often find their clonal variant undifferentiable and are uncertain of optimal culture conditions. Hence we studied 3 commonly used PC12 variants: PC12 Adh, PC12 from Riken Cell Bank (PC12 Riken) and Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) cells. We found DMEM the optimal media for PC12 Riken and NS-1 cells. Using a novel serum-free media approach, we identified collagen IV as the preferred adhesive substrate for both cell lines. We found PC12 Adh cells cannot attach without serum and is unable to differentiate using NGF. NS-1 cells differentiated to a maximal 72.7 ± 5.2% %, with substantial basal differentiation. We optimised differentiated NS-1 cells for an in vitro stroke model using 3 h of OGD resulting in ~ 70% viable cells. We screened 5 reported neuroprotectants and provide the first report that serotonin is antiapoptotic in a stroke model and the 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) is neuroprotective in PC12 cells. Thus we demonstrate the optimisation and validation for a PC12 cell-based in vitro stroke model.
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15
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Goel S, Dey P, Dahiya D, Bhatia A. A not so worthless attempt to develop primary culture from breast FNAC/CNB samples! Tissue Cell 2021; 71:101517. [PMID: 33677200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading death-causing cancer in women. Since a longtime, continuous breast cancer cell lines have been used for drug discovery based research. However, these cell lines may not represent the characteristics of original as they are believed to undergo changes due to repeated passaging. Primary cultures directly obtained from the tumor are gaining more attention worldwide as these are believed to mimic the disease process more accurately than that of continuous cell lines. The major problem with the usage of primary culture is to get the sufficient number of cells for the experiments. Here, in this study we attempted to develop primary culture both from FNAC and core needle biopsy (CNB) samples of the breast cancer patients. Overall, we believe that it is not so difficult to establish primary cultures of breast cancer cells from clinical FNAC/CNB samples. However, the starting population in FNAC samples is less which can be a hindrance in getting an adequate number of cells to reach a monolayer. CNB samples may be better quantitatively and stepwise troubleshooting of problems faced can help in the successful establishment of monolayer and primary cultures that can be propagated. We believe, our experience might be helpful for those who are struggling with the development of the short-term primary culture of breast cancer from the small-sized tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Goel
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Pranab Dey
- Department of Cytology & Gynaepathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biotechnology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
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16
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Chen X, Ranjan VD, Liu S, Liang YN, Lim JSK, Chen H, Hu X, Zhang Y. In Situ Formation of 3D Conductive and Cell-Laden Graphene Hydrogel for Electrically Regulating Cellular Behavior. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2000374. [PMID: 33620138 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electroconductive and injectable hydrogels are attracting increasing attention owing to the needs of electrically induced regulation of cell behavior, tissue engineering of electroactive tissues, and achieving minimum invasiveness during tissue repair. In this study, a novel in situ formed 3D conductive and cell-laden hydrogel is developed, which can be broadly used in bioprinting, tissue engineering, neuroengineering etc. An instantaneous, uniform spatial distribution and encapsulation of cells can be achieved as a result of hydrogen bonding induced hydrogel formation. Particularly, the cell-laden hydrogel can be easily obtained by simply mixing and shaking the polydopamine (PDA) functionalized rGO (rGO-PDA) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution containing cells. Graphene oxide is reduced and functionalized by dopamine to restore the electrical conductivity, while simultaneously enhancing both hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of reduced graphene oxide. In vitro culture of PC12 cells within the cell-laden hydrogel demonstrates its biocompatibility, noncytotoxicity as well as the ability to support long-term cell growth and proliferation. Enhanced neuronal differentiation is also observed, both with and without electrical stimulation. Overall, this 3D conductive, cell-laden hydrogel holds great promise as potential platform for tissue engineering of electroactive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelong Chen
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Vivek Damodar Ranjan
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Sijun Liu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yen Nan Liang
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jacob Song Kiat Lim
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Hui Chen
- Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.,Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.,Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yilei Zhang
- Department of mechanical engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 8041, New Zealand
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17
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Membrane dynamics are slowed for Alexa594-labeled membrane proteins due to substrate interactions. BBA ADVANCES 2021; 1:100026. [PMID: 37082018 PMCID: PMC10074974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2021.100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of fluorescent dyes to proteins, lipids and other biological molecules can affect a range of processes such as mobility, molecular interactions, localization, and, ultimately, function. The dynamics of a protein can be dramatically affected if the label interacts non-specifically with the substrate or with other molecules in the system. To test how dye-substrate interactions affect protein diffusion, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements were designed to explicitly determine the role of the dye on the diffusion of a transmembrane protein, Syntaxin1a, expressed on the cell surface. Syntaxin1a, was tagged with EGFP on the extracellular side and an EGFP nanobody with or without a dye label was attached. FRAP was performed on Syx1a-EGFP and the choice of cell growth substrate affected mobility in the presence of a dye labeled nanobody. This work provides evidence for choosing fibronectin (Fn) over poly-L-lysine (PLL) in FRAP and single molecule tracking measurements when using Alexa594, a common probe for red fluorescent measurements. Alexa594-labeled nanobody but not unlabeled nanobody, dramatically reduced the mobility of Syx1a-EGFP when cells were cultured on PLL. However, when Fn was used, the mobility returned. Mobility measured by single molecule tracking measurements align with the FRAP measurements with Fn coated surfaces being more mobile than PLL.
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18
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PC12 Cell Line: Cell Types, Coating of Culture Vessels, Differentiation and Other Culture Conditions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040958. [PMID: 32295099 PMCID: PMC7227003 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The PC12 cell line is one of the most commonly used in neuroscience research, including studies on neurotoxicity, neuroprotection, neurosecretion, neuroinflammation, and synaptogenesis. Two types of this line are available in the ATCC collection: traditional PC12 cells grown in suspension and well-attached adherent phenotype. PC12 cells grown in suspension tend to aggregate and adhere poorly to non-coated surfaces. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the surface of culture vessels. This paper aims to characterise the use of two distinct variants of PC12 cells as well as describe their differentiation and neuronal outgrowth with diverse NGF concentrations (rat or human origin) on various surfaces. In our study, we evaluated cell morphology, neurite length, density and outgrowth (measured spectrofluorimetrically), and expression of neuronal biomarkers (doublecortin and NeuN). We found that the collagen coating was the most versatile method of surface modification for both cell lines. For adherent cells, the coating was definitely less important, and the poly-d-lysine surface was as good as collagen. We also demonstrated that the concentration of NGF is of great importance for the degree of differentiation of cells. For suspension cells, we achieved the best neuronal characteristics (length and density of neurites) after 14 days of incubation with 100 ng/mL NGF (change every 48 h), while for adherent cells after 3-5 days, after which they began to proliferate. In the PC12 cell line, doublecortin (DCX) expression in the cytoplasm and NeuN in the cell nucleus were found. In turn, in the PC12 Adh line, DCX was not expressed, and NeuN expression was located in the entire cell (both in the nucleus and cytoplasm). Only the traditional PC12 line grown in suspension after differentiation with NGF should be used for neurobiological studies, especially until the role of the NeuN protein, whose expression has also been noted in the cytoplasm of adherent cells, is well understood.
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Vermeulen S, de Boer J. Screening as a strategy to drive regenerative medicine research. Methods 2020; 190:80-95. [PMID: 32278807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of regenerative medicine, optimization of the parameters leading to a desirable outcome remains a huge challenge. Examples include protocols for the guided differentiation of pluripotent cells towards specialized and functional cell types, phenotypic maintenance of primary cells in cell culture, or engineering of materials for improved tissue interaction with medical implants. This challenge originates from the enormous design space for biomaterials, chemical and biochemical compounds, and incomplete knowledge of the guiding biological principles. To tackle this challenge, high-throughput platforms allow screening of multiple perturbations in one experimental setup. In this review, we provide an overview of screening platforms that are used in regenerative medicine. We discuss their fabrication techniques, and in silico tools to analyze the extensive data sets typically generated by these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands; BioInterface Science Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan de Boer
- BioInterface Science Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, University of Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
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20
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Wakulik K, Wiatrak B, Szczukowski Ł, Bodetko D, Szandruk-Bender M, Dobosz A, Świątek P, Gąsiorowski K. Effect of Novel Pyrrolo[3,4- d]pyridazinone Derivatives on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2575. [PMID: 32276316 PMCID: PMC7177677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the potential causes for the development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we evaluated the effect of four newly synthesized pyrrolo[3,4-d]pyridazinone derivatives on the neuron-like PC12 cells under simulated inflammation conditions by preincubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our novel derivatives are selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors and have similar effects to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We assessed viability (LDH assay), metabolic activity (MTT assay), DNA damage (number of double-strand breaks measured by fast halo assay), and the neuronal features of cells (average neurite length and neurite outgrowth measured spectrofluorimetrically). DCF-DA and Griess assays were also performed, which allowed determining the impact of the tested compounds on the level of oxygen free radicals and nitrites. LPS administration significantly negatively affected the results in all tests performed, and treatment with the tested derivatives in most cases significantly reduced this negative impact. Multiple-criteria decision analysis indicated that overall, the best results were observed for compounds 2a and 2b at a concentration of 10 µM. The new derivatives showed intense activity against free oxygen radicals and nitrites. Reduced reactive oxygen species level also correlated with a decrease in the number of DNA damage. The compounds improved neuronal features, such as neurite length and outgrowth, and they also increased cell viability and mitochondrial activity. Our results suggest that derivatives 2a and 2b may also act additionally on mechanisms other than 3a and 3b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wakulik
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Łukasz Szczukowski
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Dorota Bodetko
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | | | - Agnieszka Dobosz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Piotr Świątek
- Department of Chemistry of Drugs, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (Ł.S.); (P.Ś.)
| | - Kazimierz Gąsiorowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.W.); (D.B.); (A.D.); (K.G.)
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Aigner T, Haynl C, Salehi S, O'Connor A, Scheibel T. Nerve guidance conduit design based on self-rolling tubes. Mater Today Bio 2020; 5:100042. [PMID: 32159159 PMCID: PMC7063334 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2020.100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard in peripheral nerve repair is nerve autografts for bridging gaps larger than a centimeter. However, autografts are associated with a low availability and the loss of function at the donor site. Nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) made of biocompatible and biodegradable materials reflect suitable alternatives. Clinically approved NGCs comprise either wraps that are rolled around the loose ends of the nerve or steady-state tubes; however, both lack internal guidance structures. Here, we established self-rolling NGCs to allow for gentle encapsulation of nerve cells together with supportive microenvironments, such as (1) an inner tube wall coating with a bioactive spider silk film, (2) an inner tube wall lining using an anisotropic spider silk non-woven mat, or (3) a luminal filler using an anisotropic collagen cryogel. Neuronal cells adhered and differentiated inside the modified tubes and formed neurites, which were oriented along the guidance structures provided by the spider silk non-woven mat or by the fibrillary structure of the collagen cryogel. Thus, our size-adaptable NGCs provide several features useful for peripheral nerve repair, and distinct combinations of the used elements might support and enhance the clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T.B. Aigner
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - C. Haynl
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - S. Salehi
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. O'Connor
- University of Melbourne, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - T. Scheibel
- University of Bayreuth, Department of Biomaterials, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str.1, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuther Zentrum für Kolloide und Grenzflächen (BZKG), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuther Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (BZMB), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayreuther Materialzentrum (BayMAT), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bayerisches Polymerinstitut (BPI), Universitätsstraße 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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Hirsch C, Schildknecht S. In Vitro Research Reproducibility: Keeping Up High Standards. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1484. [PMID: 31920667 PMCID: PMC6916005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Concern regarding the reproducibility of observations in life science research has emerged in recent years, particularly in view of unfavorable experiences with preclinical in vivo research. The use of cell-based systems has increasingly replaced in vivo research and the application of in vitro models enjoys an ever-growing popularity. To avoid repeating past mistakes, high standards of reproducibility and reliability must be established and maintained in the field of in vitro biomedical research. Detailed guidance documenting the appropriate handling of cells has been authored, but was received with quite disparate perception by different branches in biomedical research. In that regard, we intend to raise awareness of the reproducibility issue among scientists in all branches of contemporary life science research and their individual responsibility in this matter. We have herein compiled a selection of the most susceptible steps of everyday in vitro cell culture routines that have the potential to influence cell quality and recommend practices to minimize the likelihood of poor cell quality impairing reproducibility with modest investment of time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Hirsch
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Schildknecht
- In vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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23
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Zheng Z, Wang H, Li J, Shi Q, Cui J, Sun T, Huang Q, Fukuda T. 3D Construction of Shape-Controllable Tissues through Self-Bonding of Multicellular Microcapsules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:22950-22961. [PMID: 31252493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Designed microtissues that replicate highly ordered three-dimensional (3D) multicellular in vivo structures have shown huge potential in biomedical research and drug discovery. Through microencapsulation and microfluidic techniques, cell-laden microcapsules have been widely used as pathological or pharmacological models. However, most conventional microtissue construction strategies can only engineer simply predefined microcapsules with monotonous biological components in two dimensions. Here, we propose a flexible 3D microtissue construction method through self-bonding of real-time shape-programmable microcapsules. The microcapsules are prepared by photo-induced electrodeposition of cell-laden alginate hydrogel and flexibly tailored into tissue-specific shapes, sizes, and arbitrary biocomponents. With the local fluidics-guided assembly, the microcapsules are spatially organized into 3D perfectly aligned microtissues. To mimic in vivo intercellular connection, the aligned microcapsules are precoated with fibroblasts to self-bond the adjacent layers into a robust assemblage through fibroblast-extracellular matrix interactions, which highly reproduces the tissue morphogenesis in natural organisms. As a typical complex tissue model, the 3D hepatic lobule was engineered utilizing HepG2 cells seeded into microcapsules with a fibroblast coating, and its biofunction including albumin and urea secretion was improved by nearly two-fold compared with cells seeded without a fibroblast coating. We anticipate that our method will be capable of regenerating more complex multicellular constructs with unprecedented possibilities for future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zheng
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Huaping Wang
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Jianing Li
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Qing Shi
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Juan Cui
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Tao Sun
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Intelligent Robotics Institute, School of Mechatronical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , 5 South Zhongguancun Street , Haidian District, Beijing 100081 , China
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PC 12 Pheochromocytoma Cell Response to Super High Frequency Terahertz Radiation from Synchrotron Source. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020162. [PMID: 30709066 PMCID: PMC6406661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High frequency (HF) electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been widely used in many wireless communication devices, yet within the terahertz (THz) range, their effects on biological systems are poorly understood. In this study, electromagnetic radiation in the range of 0.3–19.5 × 1012 Hz, generated using a synchrotron light source, was used to investigate the response of PC 12 neuron-like pheochromocytoma cells to THz irradiation. The PC 12 cells remained viable and physiologically healthy, as confirmed by a panel of biological assays; however, exposure to THz radiation for 10 min at 25.2 ± 0.4 °C was sufficient to induce a temporary increase in their cell membrane permeability. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed cell membrane permeabilization via visualisation of the translocation of silica nanospheres (d = 23.5 ± 0.2 nm) and their clusters (d = 63 nm) into the PC 12 cells. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed the formation of atypically large (up to 1 µm) blebs on the surface of PC 12 cells when exposed to THz radiation. Long-term analysis showed no substantial differences in metabolic activity between the PC 12 cells exposed to THz radiation and untreated cells; however, a higher population of the THz-treated PC 12 cells responded to the nerve growth factor (NGF) by extending longer neurites (up to 0–20 µm) compared to the untreated PC12 cells (up to 20 µm). These findings present implications for the development of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery and gene therapy strategies since THz irradiation can promote nanoparticle uptake by cells without causing apoptosis, necrosis or physiological damage, as well as provide a deeper fundamental insight into the biological effects of environmental exposure of cells to electromagnetic radiation of super high frequencies.
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Wandiyanto JV, Linklater D, Tharushi Perera PG, Orlowska A, Truong VK, Thissen H, Ghanaati S, Baulin V, Crawford RJ, Juodkazis S, Ivanova EP. Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cell Response on Mechanobactericidal Titanium Surfaces. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040605. [PMID: 29662020 PMCID: PMC5951489 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium is a biocompatible material that is frequently used for making implantable medical devices. Nanoengineering of the surface is the common method for increasing material biocompatibility, and while the nanostructured materials are well-known to represent attractive substrata for eukaryotic cells, very little information has been documented about the interaction between mammalian cells and bactericidal nanostructured surfaces. In this study, we investigated the effect of bactericidal titanium nanostructures on PC12 cell attachment and differentiation—a cell line which has become a widely used in vitro model to study neuronal differentiation. The effects of the nanostructures on the cells were then compared to effects observed when the cells were placed in contact with non-structured titanium. It was found that bactericidal nanostructured surfaces enhanced the attachment of neuron-like cells. In addition, the PC12 cells were able to differentiate on nanostructured surfaces, while the cells on non-structured surfaces were not able to do so. These promising results demonstrate the potential application of bactericidal nanostructured surfaces in biomedical applications such as cochlear and neuronal implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason V Wandiyanto
- School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Denver Linklater
- School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | | | - Anna Orlowska
- Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Avenue dels Paisos Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | | | - Shahram Ghanaati
- Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Vladimir Baulin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 26 Avenue dels Paisos Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | | | - Saulius Juodkazis
- School of Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia.
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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