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Fistos T, Fierascu I, Manaila-Maximean D, Fierascu RC. Advancements in Stone Object Restoration Using Polymer-Inorganic Phosphate Composites for Cultural Heritage Preservation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2085. [PMID: 39065402 PMCID: PMC11281135 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in cultural heritage preservation have increasingly focused on the development and application of new composites, harnessing the diverse properties of their components. This study reviews the current state of research and practical applications of these innovative materials, emphasizing the use of inorganic phosphatic materials (in particular the hydroxyapatite) and various polymers. The compatibility of phosphatic materials with calcareous stones and the protective properties of polymers present a synergistic approach to addressing common deterioration mechanisms, such as salt crystallization, biological colonization, and mechanical weathering. By examining recent case studies and experimental results, this paper highlights the effectiveness, challenges, and future directions for these composites in cultural heritage conservation. The findings underscore the potential of these materials to enhance the durability and aesthetic integrity of heritage stones, promoting sustainable and long-term preservation solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Fistos
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (T.F.); (I.F.); (R.C.F.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (T.F.); (I.F.); (R.C.F.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 59 Marasti Blvd, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Doina Manaila-Maximean
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050044 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM Bucharest, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (T.F.); (I.F.); (R.C.F.)
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 1-7 Gh. Polizu Str., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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2
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Costantino C, Monico L, Rosi F, Vivani R, Romani A, Colocho Hurtarte LC, Villalobos-Portillo E, Sahle CJ, Huthwelker T, Dejoie C, Burghammer M, Cotte M. Non-Destructive and Non-Invasive Approaches for the Identification of Hydroxy Lead-Calcium Phosphate Solid Solutions ((Pb xCa 1-x) 5(PO 4) 3OH) in Cultural Heritage Materials. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241243375. [PMID: 38567433 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241243375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Lead-calcium phosphates are unusual compounds sometimes found in different kinds of cultural heritage objects. Structural and physicochemical properties of this family of materials, which fall into the hydroxypyromorphite-hydroxyapatite solid solution, or (PbxCa1-x)5(PO4)3OH, have received considerable attention during the last few decades for promising applications in different fields of environmental and material sciences, but their diagnostic implications in the cultural heritage context have been poorly explored. This paper aims to provide a clearer understanding of the relationship between compositional and structural properties of the peculiar series of (PbxCa1-x)5(PO4)3OH solid solutions and to determine key markers for their proper non-destructive and non-invasive identification in cultural heritage samples and objects. For this purpose, a systematic study of powders and paint mock-ups made up of commercial and in-house synthesized (PbxCa1-x)5(PO4)3OH compounds with a different Pb2+/Ca2+ ratio was carried out via a multi-technique approach based on scanning electron microscopy, synchrotron radiation-based X-ray techniques, i.e., X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy at the Ca K- and P K-edges, and vibrational spectroscopy methods, i.e., micro-Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectral modifications observed in the hydroxypyromorphite-hydroxyapatite solid solution series are discussed, by assessing the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed techniques and by providing reference data and optimized approaches for future non-destructive and non-invasive applications to study cultural heritage objects and samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Costantino
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Monico
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- AXIS Research Group, NANOlab Centre of Excellence, Department of Physics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francesca Rosi
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vivani
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Aldo Romani
- Centre of Excellence SMAArt and Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR-SCITEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Huthwelker
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marine Cotte
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'archéologie moléculaire et structurale, LAMS, UMR 8220, Paris, France
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3
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Thorpe CL, Crawford R, Hand RJ, Radford JT, Corkhill CL, Pearce CI, Neeway JJ, Plymale AE, Kruger AA, Morris K, Boothman C, Lloyd JR. Microbial interactions with phosphorus containing glasses representative of vitrified radioactive waste. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132667. [PMID: 37839373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of phosphorus in borosilicate glass (at 0.1 - 1.3 mol% P2O5) and in iron-phosphate glass (at 53 mol% P2O5) stimulated the growth and metabolic activity of anaerobic bacteria in model systems. Dissolution of these phosphorus containing glasses was either inhibited or accelerated by microbial metabolic activity, depending on the solution chemistry and the glass composition. The breakdown of organic carbon to volatile fatty acids increased glass dissolution. The interaction of microbially reduced Fe(II) with phosphorus-containing glass under anoxic conditions decreased dissolution rates, whereas the interaction of Fe(III) with phosphorus-containing glass under oxic conditions increased glass dissolution. Phosphorus addition to borosilicate glasses did not significantly affect the microbial species present, however, the diversity of the microbial community was enhanced on the surface of the iron phosphate glass. Results demonstrate the potential for microbes to influence the geochemistry of radioactive waste disposal environments with implication for wasteform durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Thorpe
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - R Crawford
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - R J Hand
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - J T Radford
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - C L Corkhill
- Immobilization Science Laboratory, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, University of Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; School of Earth Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - J J Neeway
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A E Plymale
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - A A Kruger
- Office of River Protection, US Department of Energy, Richland, WA, USA
| | - K Morris
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - C Boothman
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
| | - J R Lloyd
- Williamson Research Centre and Research Centre for Radwaste Disposal, Williamson Building, University of Manchester, 176 Oxford Road, M13 9PL, UK
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Suffo-Pino M, Cauqui-López MÁ, Pérez-Muñoz C, Goma-Jiménez D, Fernández-Delgado N, Herrera-Collado M. Biphasic Bioceramic Obtained from Byproducts of Sugar Beet Processing for Use in Bioactive Coatings and Bone Fillings. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:499. [PMID: 37888165 PMCID: PMC10607742 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on developing hydroxyapatite synthesized from a CaCO3-rich byproduct of sugar beet processing called Carbocal® using a hydrothermal reactor. The purpose of this biomaterial is to enhance the osteoinductivity of implantable surfaces and serve as a bone filler, providing a sustainable and economically more affordable alternative. This research involved compositional analysis and micro- and macrostructural physicochemical characterization, complemented with bioactivity and live/dead assays. The biphasic nature of the Carbocal®-derived sample was significant within the context of the bioactivity concept previously proposed in the literature. The bioactivity of the biomaterial was demonstrated through a viability test, where the cell growth was nearly equivalent to that of the positive control. For comparison purposes, the same tests were conducted with two additional samples: hydroxyapatite obtained from CaCO3 and commercial hydroxyapatite. The resulting product of this process is biocompatible and possesses properties similar to natural hydroxyapatite. Consequently, this biomaterial shows potential as a scaffold in tissue engineering and as an adhesive filler to promote bone regeneration within the context of the circular bioeconomy in the geographical area proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Suffo-Pino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, High Engineering School, Campus Río San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Miguel Ángel Cauqui-López
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.Á.C.-L.); (D.G.-J.); (N.F.-D.); (M.H.-C.)
| | - Celia Pérez-Muñoz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Design, High Engineering School, Campus Río San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Daniel Goma-Jiménez
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.Á.C.-L.); (D.G.-J.); (N.F.-D.); (M.H.-C.)
| | - Natalia Fernández-Delgado
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.Á.C.-L.); (D.G.-J.); (N.F.-D.); (M.H.-C.)
| | - Miriam Herrera-Collado
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry IMEYMAT, Campus Río San Pedro, University of Cádiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cádiz, Spain; (M.Á.C.-L.); (D.G.-J.); (N.F.-D.); (M.H.-C.)
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Pintus A, Aragoni MC, Carcangiu G, Caria V, Coles SJ, Dodd E, Giacopetti L, Gimeno D, Lippolis V, Meloni P, Murgia S, Navarro Ezquerra A, Podda E, Urru C, Arca M. Ammonium N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate (AmPicOxam): A Novel Precursor of Calcium Oxalate Coating for Carbonate Stone Substrates. Molecules 2023; 28:5768. [PMID: 37570738 PMCID: PMC10421195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ammonium N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate (AmPicOxam), synthesized from O-methyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate, was spectroscopically and structurally characterized and assayed as a novel precursor for the protection and consolidation of carbonate stone substrates. An in-depth characterization of treated and untreated biomicritic limestone and white Carrara marble samples was carried out by means of SEM microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, helium pycnometry, determination of water transport properties, and pull-off tests. The improved solubility (1.00 M, 16.5% w/w) of the title compound with respect to ammonium oxalate (0.4 M, 5% w/w) results in the formation of a thicker protective coating of calcium oxalate (CaOx) dihydrate (weddellite) on marble and biomicrite samples after the treatment with 5% and 12% w/w water solutions, producing a reduction in the stone porosity and increased cohesion. Theoretical calculations were carried out at the DFT level to investigate both the electronic structure of the N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)oxamate anion and the hydrolysis reaction leading from AmPicOxam to CaOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pintus
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - M. Carla Aragoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Gianfranco Carcangiu
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e Del Clima (ISAC), UOS di Cagliari c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy;
| | - Veronica Caria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Simon J. Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (S.J.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Eleanor Dodd
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; (S.J.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Laura Giacopetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Domingo Gimeno
- Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Vito Lippolis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Paola Meloni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica, Chimica e dei Materiali, Via Marengo 2, 09123 Cagliari, CA, Italy;
- Laboratorio Colle di Bonaria, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Ravenna snc, 09125 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Simone Murgia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Antonia Navarro Ezquerra
- Departamento de Tecnología de la Arquitectura, EPSEB-UPC, Avda. Doctor Marañón, 44-50, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Enrico Podda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
- Centro Servizi di Ateneo per la Ricerca (CeSAR), Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - Claudia Urru
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
| | - Massimiliano Arca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, S. S. 554 Bivio per Sestu, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy; (A.P.); (M.C.A.); (V.C.); (V.L.); (S.M.); (E.P.); (C.U.)
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Cumberland SA, Hamilton A, Renshaw JC, Tierney KM, Lunn RJ. Hydroxyapatite coatings on cement paste as barriers against radiological contamination. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11136. [PMID: 37429954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel method for precipitating hydroxyapatite (HAp) onto cement paste is investigated for protecting concrete infrastructure from radiological contamination. Legacy nuclear sites contain large volumes of contaminated concrete and are expensive and dangerous to decommission. One solution is to 'design for decommissioning' by confining contaminants to a thin layer. Current layering methods, including paints or films, offer poor durability over plant lifespans. Here, we present a mineral-HAp-coated cement, which innovatively serves as a barrier layer to radioactive contaminants (e.g. Sr, U). HAp is shown to directly mineralise onto a cement paste block in a layer several microns thick via a two-step process: first, applying a silica-based scaffold onto a cement paste block; and second, soaking the resulting block in a PO4-enriched Ringer's solution. Strontium ingression was tested on coated and uncoated cement paste (~ 40 × 40 × 40mm cement, 450 mL, 1000 mg L- 1 Sr) for a period of 1-week. While both coated and uncoated samples reduced the solution concentration of Sr by half, Sr was held within the HAp layer of coated cement paste and was not observed within the cement matrix. In the uncoated samples, Sr had penetrated further into the block. Further studies aim to characterise HAp before and after exposure to a range of radioactive contaminants and to develop a method for mechanical layer separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Cumberland
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK.
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK.
| | - Andrea Hamilton
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Joanna C Renshaw
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
| | - Kieran M Tierney
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Rankine Avenue, East Kilbride, G75 0QF, UK
| | - Rebecca J Lunn
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, UK
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Dorozhkin SV. There Are over 60 Ways to Produce Biocompatible Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Deposits on Various Substrates. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2023; 7:273. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs7070273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
A The present overview describes various production techniques for biocompatible calcium orthophosphate (abbreviated as CaPO4) deposits (coatings, films and layers) on the surfaces of various types of substrates to impart the biocompatible properties for artificial bone grafts. Since, after being implanted, the grafts always interact with the surrounding biological tissues at the interfaces, their surface properties are considered critical to clinical success. Due to the limited number of materials that can be tolerated in vivo, a new specialty of surface engineering has been developed to desirably modify any unacceptable material surface characteristics while maintaining the useful bulk performance. In 1975, the development of this approach led to the emergence of a special class of artificial bone grafts, in which various mechanically stable (and thus suitable for load-bearing applications) implantable biomaterials and artificial devices were coated with CaPO4. Since then, more than 7500 papers have been published on this subject and more than 500 new publications are added annually. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the available literature has been performed with the main goal of finding as many deposition techniques as possible and more than 60 methods (double that if all known modifications are counted) for producing CaPO4 deposits on various substrates have been systematically described. Thus, besides the introduction, general knowledge and terminology, this review consists of two unequal parts. The first (bigger) part is a comprehensive summary of the known CaPO4 deposition techniques both currently used and discontinued/underdeveloped ones with brief descriptions of their major physical and chemical principles coupled with the key process parameters (when possible) to inform readers of their existence and remind them of the unused ones. The second (smaller) part includes fleeting essays on the most important properties and current biomedical applications of the CaPO4 deposits with an indication of possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Dorozhkin
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russia
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8
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Gomez-Villalba LS, Salcines C, Fort R. Application of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Cultural Heritage Conservation, Risk of Toxicity, and Preventive Measures. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091454. [PMID: 37176999 PMCID: PMC10180185 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has allowed for significant progress in architectural, artistic, archaeological, or museum heritage conservation for repairing and preventing damages produced by deterioration agents (weathering, contaminants, or biological actions). This review analyzes the current treatments using nanomaterials, including consolidants, biocides, hydrophobic protectives, mechanical resistance improvers, flame-retardants, and multifunctional nanocomposites. Unfortunately, nanomaterials can affect human and animal health, altering the environment. Right now, it is a priority to stop to analyze its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the aims are to raise awareness about the nanotoxicity risks during handling and the subsequent environmental exposure to all those directly or indirectly involved in conservation processes. It reports the human-body interaction mechanisms and provides guidelines for preventing or controlling its toxicity, mentioning the current toxicity research of main compounds and emphasizing the need to provide more information about morphological, structural, and specific features that ultimately contribute to understanding their toxicity. It provides information about the current documents of international organizations (European Commission, NIOSH, OECD, Countries Normative) about worker protection, isolation, laboratory ventilation control, and debris management. Furthermore, it reports the qualitative risk assessment methods, management strategies, dose control, and focus/receptor relationship, besides the latest trends of using nanomaterials in masks and gas emissions control devices, discussing their risk of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Stella Gomez-Villalba
- Institute of Geosciences, Spanish National Research Council, Complutense University of Madrid (CSIC, UCM), Calle Dr. Severo Ochoa 7, Planta 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ciro Salcines
- Infrastructures Service, Health and Safety Unit, University of Cantabria, Pabellón de Gobierno, Avenida de los Castros 54, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Rafael Fort
- Institute of Geosciences, Spanish National Research Council, Complutense University of Madrid (CSIC, UCM), Calle Dr. Severo Ochoa 7, Planta 4, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin E, Sunarso. Fabrication and mechanical properties of newly developed triphasic blocks composed of gypsum-brushite-monetite for bone graft applications. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:757-762. [PMID: 36570579 PMCID: PMC9767863 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective A triphasic bone graft block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite is expected to be better for regenerating bone than a gypsum-hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate block. Therefore, the aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate the mechanical properties of a newly developed triphasic block composed of gypsum, brushite, and monetite. Materials and method Triphasic blocks were prepared by mixing calcium sulfate hemihydrate, brushite, and monetite powders with distilled water at a powder-to-liquid ratio of 0.5. The content of calcium sulfate hemihydrate was fixed at 50%, and the contents of brushite and monetite powders were varied. After molding and setting, the obtained blocks were characterized, and their mechanical properties were evaluated. Results The triphasic blocks were prepared and could maintain their shape without collapsing. The XRD characterization of the obtained triphasic blocks showed that only three phases existed in the block. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate was transformed into its dihydrate form and provided mechanical strength to the block through a setting mechanism. The transformation of calcium sulfate hemihydrate into its dihydrate crystals formed an interlocked structure that was disrupted in triphasic blocks, as observed in SEM images. The disruption of the interlocked structure resulted in lower mechanical strength of the obtained triphasic blocks compared to the set gypsum control. The variation in brushite and monetite composition did not affect the mechanical properties of the triphasic blocks. Conclusion The triphasic gypsum-brushite-monetite block was successfully prepared, and no other crystal phases were found. The triphasic blocks could maintain their shape after setting. The addition of brushite and monetite powders disrupted the interlocked structure of the set gypsum crystal, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength. Furthermore, the variation in brushite and monetite powders did not affect the mechanical properties of the triphasic blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ette Soraya Shahnaz Tadjoedin
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sunarso
- Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jalan Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, Indonesia,Corresponding author at: Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jl. Salemba No. 4, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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10
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Marín-Ortega S, Calvo I Torras MÀ, Iglesias-Campos MÁ. Correlation tests between relative light unit and colony forming unit for improving adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence analysis in bacterial consolidation treatments on palaeontological heritage. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:2129-2138. [PMID: 36327119 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this article bacterial carbonate mineralization treatments are proposed as a novel strategy for decayed fossils and palaeontological heritage conservation; specifically, by means of inoculation of Myxococcus xanthus, a bacterium of proven effectiveness in ornamental stone bioconsolidation. Bioconsolidation treatments can be very effective, stable, nontoxic, environmentally friendly, and chemically compatible with fossil heritage. The method reproduces what nature has been doing for millennia with fossils that have been permineralized by bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation. There is, however, some concern that bacterial inoculation could lead to the growth of undesirable microbiota, which could subsequently damage the fossil substrate. Because of this, the use of bacteria on heritage items must be meticulously monitored and analysis strategies should be carried out to detect bacteria viability during and after treatments. For this purpose, adenosine triphosphate assay is proposed in this article as a fast, affordable, portable, and easy-to-use system for conservators. as ATP assay results are relative and difficult to relate to colony forming unit, this study aims to improve their applicability by examining the correlation between ATP analysis and total viable bacteria count in the specific case of M. xanthus. This research provides reference and correlatable data to obtain an approximate estimation of M. xanthus viable bacterial colonies based on relative light unit data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marín-Ortega
- Conservation-Restoration Department, Escola Superior de Conservació i Restauració de Béns Culturals de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Heritage Conservation-Restoration Research Group. Arts and Conservation-Restoration Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Àngels Calvo I Torras
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group. Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Ángel Iglesias-Campos
- Heritage Conservation-Restoration Research Group. Arts and Conservation-Restoration Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Possenti E, Conti C, Gatta GD, Marinoni N, Merlini M, Realini M, Vaughan GB, Colombo C. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction computed tomography to non-destructively study inorganic treatments for stone conservation. iScience 2022; 25:105112. [PMID: 36193051 PMCID: PMC9526187 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of consolidating products formed by conservation treatments within Cultural Heritage (CH) materials is a burning issue and an analytical challenge, as non-destructive approaches, phase analysis, and volume distribution analysis are simultaneously required. This paper proposes the use of synchrotron X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRDCT) to non-destructively study diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) consolidating treatments for stone conservation. The mineralogical composition and localization of crystalline phases formed in a complex mixture have been explored and spatially resolved. The coexistence of hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate has been finally demonstrated. The image analysis highlights the 3D distribution of calcium phosphates, their arrangement in a binding network down to the voxel scale, and their consolidating action. Above all, this study demonstrates the feasibility and high potential of XRDCT to investigate the interactions of conservation treatments with CH stone materials, and opens new analytical perspectives for XRDCT in conservation science and materials science. DAP consolidation of a porous stone matrix is non-destructively studied by SR XRDCT The mineralogical composition/3D distribution of phases are simultaneously explored The 3D consolidating shell of newly formed CaPs phases is showed for the first time XRDCT provides new analytical tools and new applications in conservation science
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12
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Díaz-Cortés A, Graziani G, Boi M, López-Polín L, Sassoni E. Conservation of Archaeological Bones: Assessment of Innovative Phosphate Consolidants in Comparison with Paraloid B72. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3163. [PMID: 36144951 PMCID: PMC9504796 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous solutions of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) have been recently proposed for consolidation of archeological bones, as an alternative to traditional products. Here, we investigated several routes to improve the performance of the DAP-based treatment, namely increasing the DAP concentration, adding calcium ions and adding ethanol to the DAP solution. Archaeological bones dated to about 1-0.8 million years ago were used for the tests. After preliminary screening by FTIR microscopy and FEG-SEM among different formulations, confirming the formation of new hydroxyapatite phases, the most promising formulation was selected, namely a 3 M DAP solution. The strengthening ability of this formulation was systematically compared to that of the most widely used commercial consolidant, namely Paraloid B72. The performance of the two treatments was evaluated in terms of Knoop and Vickers microhardness, resistance to scratch and resistance to material loss by peeling off. The results of the study show that the DAP treatment was able to improve the bone surface properties and also the resistance to material loss by peeling off, which is more dependent on in-depth consolidation. Paraloid B72 led to the formation of a layer of acrylic resin on the bone surface, which influenced the mechanical tests. Nonetheless, Paraloid B72 was able to penetrate in depth and substantially decrease the material loss by peeling off, even more effectively than DAP. The results of this study indicate that the potential of the DAP treatment for bone consolidation is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Díaz-Cortés
- Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Gabriela Graziani
- Biomedical Science and Technology and NanoBiotechnology Lab, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Boi
- Biomedical Science and Technology and NanoBiotechnology Lab, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia López-Polín
- McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK
| | - Enrico Sassoni
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
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13
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Fistos T, Fierascu I, Doni M, Chican IE, Fierascu RC. A Short Overview of Recent Developments in the Application of Polymeric Materials for the Conservation of Stone Cultural Heritage Elements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15186294. [PMID: 36143606 PMCID: PMC9502206 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stones are ones of the most ancient natural materials exploited by humans, with different uses, from tools to buildings, that have endured over time in better conditions than other objects belonging to cultural heritage. Given the importance of those silent witnesses of our past, as well as our duty to preserve all parts of cultural heritage for future generations, much effort was put into the development of materials for their consolidation, protection, self-cleaning, or restoration. Protection of ancient stone monuments and objects has gained the interest of researchers in the last decades in the field of conservation of cultural heritage. In this respect, the present paper aims to be a critical discussion regarding potential polymeric materials, which can be used in restorative and conservative approaches for stone materials of cultural heritage importance, against physical degradation phenomena. Recent advances in this area are presented, as well as the current bottle-necks and future development perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Fistos
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Doni
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Elena Chican
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Claudiu Fierascu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
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14
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Facile Two-Step Deposition of Calcium Oxalate Film on Dolomite to Improve Acid Rain Resistance. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The deposition of a calcium oxalate layer on dolomite demonstrates potential application in stone culture heritage conservation. However, due to insufficient coverage and the presence of cracks, the film’s usefulness is restricted. In this investigation, we used a simple two-step procedure to create a cohesive and uncracked film. The findings show that the protective layer provides better coverage of the dolomite surface without causing cracks and significantly improves acid resistance. Furthermore, after the simple two-step treatment, the color and adhesive strength of dolomite substrates remained nearly unchanged.
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15
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Performance of innovative nanomaterials for bone remains consolidation and effect on 14C dating and on palaeogenetic analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6975. [PMID: 35484192 PMCID: PMC9050738 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
An innovative protocol for the consolidation of ancient bone remains based on the use of nanometric HydroxyAPatite (HAP) was set up and tested through a multidisciplinary approach. A new protocol for the synthesis of HAP nanoparticles was developed, and the composition of the obtained nanomaterial was investigated through Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD); sizes, shape and morphology of the synthesized particles were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The consolidation performance was evaluated by testing the new nanomaterial on degraded ancient bone findings. An increase of the mineral density and of the micro-hardness of the bone were observed. The new consolidation method was also tested to assess possible effects on the palaeogenetic analysis and radiocarbon dating on the treated bones. The consolidation treatment does not introduce any contaminations that could affect radiocarbon dating and has no general detrimental impact on the genetic characterization of the skeletal remains. This consolidation procedure represents a more compatible conservation tool with respect to traditional procedures: it has been shown that the treatment is effective, easily-applicable and compatible with post-consolidation analysis.
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16
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TEOS Nanocomposites for the Consolidation of Carbonate Stone: The Effect of Nano-HAp and Nano-SiO 2 Modifiers. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15030981. [PMID: 35160927 PMCID: PMC8840696 DOI: 10.3390/ma15030981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the effect of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanosized structures and nanoparticles of hydrophilic silica as modifiers of both acid- and alkaline-catalysed tetraethoxysilane (TEOS)-based products for the consolidation of carbonate stones. Their initial effectiveness and some compatibility aspects were assessed in a porous limestone (sound and artificially aged Ançã stone samples) and two types of treatment (capillary absorption and brushing). The studied products were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Their depth of penetration and strengthening effect were evaluated through drilling resistance. Their action on the substrate was also further assessed by non-destructive methods based on colour variation and Shore-D hardness. Treated stone samples were dissimilarly affected by the tested treatments and exhibited a significant increase in strength with a low risk of over-strengthening. Adequate in-depth penetration patterns, as well as colour compatibility with the substrate were obtained with some of the prepared formulations through two types of treatment, both in sound and aged stone samples. The potential most effective treatments with the lowest colour change were obtained with the acid-catalysed TEOS-based products modified with HAp nanosized structures.
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17
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Wibisono Y, Pratiwi AY, Octaviani CA, Fadilla CR, Noviyanto A, Taufik E, Uddin MK, Anugroho F, Rochman NT. Marine-Derived Biowaste Conversion into Bioceramic Membrane Materials: Contrasting of Hydroxyapatite Synthesis Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:6344. [PMID: 34770753 PMCID: PMC8586969 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine-derived biowaste increment is enormous, yet could be converted into valuable biomaterial, e.g., hydroxyapatite-based bioceramic. Bioceramic material possesses superiority in terms of thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties. Bioceramic material also has a high level of biocompatibility when projected into biological tissues. Tuning the porosity of bioceramic material could also provide benefits for bioseparation application, i.e., ultrafiltration ceramic membrane filtration for food and dairy separation processes. This work presents the investigation of hydroxyapatite conversion from crab-shells marine-based biowaste, by comparing three different methods, i.e., microwave, coprecipitation, and sol-gel. The dried crab-shells were milled and calcinated as calcium precursor, then synthesized into hydroxyapatite with the addition of phosphates precursors via microwave, coprecipitation, or sol-gel. The compound and elemental analysis, degree of crystallinity, and particle shape were compared. The chemical compounds and elements from three different methods were similar, yet the degree of crystallinity was different. Higher Ca/P ratio offer benefit in producing a bioceramic ultrafiltration membrane, due to low sintering temperature. The hydroxyapatite from coprecipitation and sol-gel methods showed a significant degree of crystallinity compared with that of the microwave route. However, due to the presence of Fe and Sr impurities, the secondary phase of Ca9FeH(PO4)7 was found in the sol-gel method. The secondary phase compound has high absorbance capacity, an advantage for bioceramic ultrafiltration membranes. Furthermore, the sol-gel method could produce a snake-like shape, compared to the oval shape of the coprecipitation route, another benefit to fabricate porous bioceramic for a membrane filter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Wibisono
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (A.Y.P.); (C.A.O.); (C.R.F.)
- MILI Institute for Water Research, Kawasan Industri Jababeka, Bekasi 17530, Indonesia
| | - Alien Yala Pratiwi
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (A.Y.P.); (C.A.O.); (C.R.F.)
| | - Christine Ayu Octaviani
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (A.Y.P.); (C.A.O.); (C.R.F.)
| | - Cut Rifda Fadilla
- Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia; (A.Y.P.); (C.A.O.); (C.R.F.)
| | - Alfian Noviyanto
- Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mercu Buana University, Jl. Meruya Selatan, Kebun Jeruk, Jakarta Barat 11650, Indonesia
| | - Epi Taufik
- Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad K.H. Uddin
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat-Ul-Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, DOW University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan;
| | - Fajri Anugroho
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Indonesia;
| | - Nurul Taufiqu Rochman
- Research Center for Metallurgy and Materials, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, PUSPIPTEK Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15314, Indonesia;
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18
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Prado JPDS, Yamamura H, Magri AMP, Ruiz PLM, Prado JLDS, Rennó ACM, Ribeiro DA, Granito RN. In vitro and in vivo biological performance of hydroxyapatite from fish waste. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:109. [PMID: 34453621 PMCID: PMC8403112 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06591-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite (HAP) from fish waste using in vitro and in vivo assays. Fish samples (whitemouth croaker - Micropogonias furnieri) from the biowaste was used as HAP source. Pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were used in vitro study. In addition, bone defects were artificially created in rat calvaria and filled with HAP in vivo. The results demonstrated that HAP reduced cytotoxicity in pre-osteoblast cells after 3 and 6 days following HAP exposure. DNA concentration was lower in the HAP group after 6 days. Quantitative RT-PCR did not show any significant differences (p > 0.05) between groups. In vivo study revealed that bone defects filled with HAP pointed out moderate chronic inflammatory cells with slight proliferation of blood vessels after 7 and 15 days. Chronic inflammatory infiltrate was absent after 30 days of HAP exposure. There was also a decrease in the amount of biomaterial, being followed by newly formed bone tissue. All experimental groups also demonstrated strong RUNX-2 immoexpression in the granulation tissue as well as in cells in close contact with biomaterial. The number of osteoblasts inside the defect area was lower in the HAP group when compared to control group after 7 days post-implantation. Similarly, the osteoblast surface as well as the percentage of bone surface was higher in control group when compared with HAP group after 7 days post-implantation. Taken together, HAP from fish waste is a promising possibility that should be explored more carefully by tissue-engineering or biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hirochi Yamamura
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Luiz Muniz Ruiz
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Neves Granito
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
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19
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Nanomaterials for bioprinting: functionalization of tissue-specific bioinks. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:429-439. [PMID: 34223619 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting is rapidly evolving, offering great potential for manufacturing functional tissue analogs for use in diverse biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and disease modeling. Biomaterials used as bioinks in printing processes must meet strict physiochemical and biomechanical requirements to ensure adequate printing fidelity, while closely mimicking the characteristics of the native tissue. To achieve this goal, nanomaterials are increasingly being investigated as a robust tool to functionalize bioink materials. In this review, we discuss the growing role of different nano-biomaterials in engineering functional bioinks for a variety of tissue engineering applications. The development and commercialization of these nanomaterial solutions for 3D bioprinting would be a significant step towards clinical translation of biofabrication.
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20
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Abstract
Stone monuments and buildings are susceptible to weathering. Carbonate-based stones are especially vulnerable in acidic environments, whereas magmatic acidic stones are more susceptible to chemical weathering in basic environments. To slow down surface corrosion of limestone and marble artworks/buildings, protective coatings which inhibit calcite dissolution have been proposed. In this work, samples from two stone types with different porosity were treated with ammonium oxalate (AmOx) to create a protective layer of calcium oxalate (CaOx) using the previously developed brushing method. Two different synchrotron microscopy experiments were performed to determine its protective capability. X-ray powder diffraction (SR-μ-XRPD) in transmission geometry allowed visualization of the distributions of calcium carbonate and oxalates along the sample depths. In a second step, X-ray fluorescence (SR-μ-XRF) was used to check the efficiency/integrity of the protective surface coating layer. This was done by measuring the sulfur distribution on the stone surface after exposing the protected stones to sulfuric acid. XRPD showed the formation of a protective oxalate layer with a thickness of 5–15 µm on the less porous stone, while a 20–30 µm thick layer formed on the more porous stone. The XRF study showed that the optimal treatment time depends on the stone porosity. Increasing the treatment time from 1 to 3 h resulted in a decreased efficiency of the protective layer for the low porosity stone. We assume that this is due to the formation of vertical channels (cracks) in the protective layer.
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21
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Optimizing the biomimetic synthesis of hydroxyapatite for the consolidation of bone using diammonium phosphate, simulated body fluid, and gelatin. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Fernandes MH, Alves MM, Cebotarenco M, Ribeiro IAC, Grenho L, Gomes PS, Carmezim MJ, Santos CF. Citrate zinc hydroxyapatite nanorods with enhanced cytocompatibility and osteogenesis for bone regeneration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111147. [PMID: 32600733 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of biomaterials that mimicking the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles existent in the immature bone tissue is crucial, especially to accelerate the bone remodeling and regeneration. In this work, it was developed for the first time, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPs) incorporating citrate and zinc (cit-Zn-Hap) in their composition towards a one-step hydrothermal procedure. For comparison purposes, hydroxyapatite NPs incorporating only zinc (Zn-Hap) or citrate (cit-Hap), as well as hydroxyapatite without any of these elements (Hap) were synthesised. The physicochemical characterization was carried out reveling that, the presence of zinc on hydroxyapatite (cit-Zn-Hap), reduced the size of nanoparticles, changed the phosphate environment and decreased the surface charge when compared with cit-Hap nanoparticles. The osteogenic potential of cit-Zn-Hap NPs was analysed in human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs), in the absence of osteoinductive factors. NPs were internalized by endocytosis appearing trapped in endosomes and lysosomes scattered through the cytoplasm. Exposure to these NPs resulted in a significant induction of ALP activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and gene expression of early and later osteogenic transcription factors, as well as of osteoblastic markers. The osteoinductive effect might be regulated, at least in part, by the increased signalling through the canonical WNT pathway. Evaluation of the cell behaviour following exposure to Zn-Hap and cit-Hap strongly suggested a synergistic effect of citrate and Zn in cit-Zn-Hap NPs towards the induction of the osteogenic commitment and functionality of BMSCs. These findings will allow the design of new biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with great potential for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria H Fernandes
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto 4160-007, Portugal.
| | - Marta M Alves
- Centro Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Cebotarenco
- EST Setúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus IPS, 2910 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Isabel A C Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Grenho
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto 4160-007, Portugal
| | - Pedro S Gomes
- Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4200-393, Portugal; LAQV/REQUIMTE, U. Porto, Porto 4160-007, Portugal
| | - Maria J Carmezim
- Centro Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; EST Setúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus IPS, 2910 Setúbal, Portugal
| | - Catarina F Santos
- Centro Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; EST Setúbal, CDP2T, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Campus IPS, 2910 Setúbal, Portugal.
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23
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Campanella L, Grimaldi F, Angeloni R, Dell'Aglio E, Reale R. Improvements in bones and stones consolidating processes by vacuum system method. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:63-70. [PMID: 32375514 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1762183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The degradation of materials commonly starts on the surface of the object and proceeds towards inside through pores, increasing fractures and lesions. To restore mechanical and aesthetic characteristics, it is necessary by the application of consolidants to fill these weak points so that they become inaccessible to corrosive agents. Greater is the amount of consolidant that penetrates, greater the efficiency of the restoration. This is the limiting factor of many approaches which due to very tight pores result not fully successful. The consolidation under vacuum can help to pass these difficulties. So we have adopted it to restore Macco samples and tested to consolidate archaeological bones. The samples were consolidated by complete immersion under vacuum (-700 mm Hg), in a consolidant solution containing 8% w/V of diammonium phosphate. The success of the application to both the kind of samples is shown by microscope images, SEM-EDAX analysis, and weight variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Campanella
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rita Reale
- Department of Chemistry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Diogo GS, Marques CF, Sotelo CG, Pérez-Martín RI, Pirraco RP, Reis RL, Silva TH. Cell-Laden Biomimetically Mineralized Shark-Skin-Collagen-Based 3D Printed Hydrogels for the Engineering of Hard Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3664-3672. [PMID: 33463184 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mineralization processes based on coprecipitation methods have been applied as a promising alternative to the most commonly used methods of polymer-ceramic combination, direct mixing, and incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) or modified SBF. In the present study, for the first time, the in situ mineralization (ideally hydroxyapatite formation) of blue shark (Prionace glauca (PG)) collagen to fabricate 3D printable cell-laden hydrogels is proposed. In the first part, several parameters for collagen mineralization were tested until optimization. The hydroxyapatite formation was confirmed by FT-IR, XRD, and TEM techniques. In the second part, stable bioinks combining the biomimetically mineralized collagen with alginate (AG) (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and AG) solution were used for 3D printing of hydrogels. The addition of Ca2+ ions into the system did present a synergistic effect: by one side, the in situ mineralization of the collagen occurred, and at same time, they were also useful to ionically cross-link the blends with alginate, avoiding the addition of any cytotoxic chemical cross-linking agent. Mouse fibroblast cell line survival during and after printing was favored by the presence of PG collagen as exhibited by the biological performance of the hydrogels. Inspired in a concept of marine byproduct valorization, 3D bioprinting of in situ mineralized blue shark collagen is thus proposed as a promising approach, envisioning the engineering of mineralized tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela S Diogo
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Catarina F Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carmen G Sotelo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, AvePark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Possenti E, Conti C, Gatta GD, Merlini M, Realini M, Colombo C. Synchrotron radiation μ X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry for investigating the penetration depth of conservation treatments on cultural heritage stone materials. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:1587-1594. [PMID: 33236738 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the penetration depth of conservation treatments applied to cultural heritage stone materials is a burning issue in conservation science. Several analytical approaches have been proposed but, at present, many of them are not fully exhaustive to define in a direct way the composition and location of the conservation products formed after inorganic mineral treatments. Here, we explored, for the first time, the analytical capability of synchrotron radiation μ X-ray diffraction in transmission geometry (SR-μTXRD) for the study of the crystal chemistry and penetration depth of the consolidating phases formed after the application of diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) treatments on a porous carbonatic stone (Noto limestone). The SR-μTXRD approach provided unambiguous information on the nature of the newly formed calcium phosphates (hydroxyapatite, HAP, and octacalcium phosphate, OCP) with depth, supplying important indications of the diffusion mechanism and the reactivity of the substrate. Qualitative and semi-quantitative data were obtained at the microscale with a non-destructive protocol and an outstanding signal-to-noise ratio. The SR-μTXRD approach opens a new analytical scenario for the investigation of a wide range of cultural heritage materials, including natural and artificial stone materials, painted stratigraphies, metals, glasses and their decay products. Furthermore, it can potentially be used to characterize the penetration depth of a phase "A" (or more crystalline phases) in a matrix "B" also beyond the cultural heritage field, demonstrating the potential wide impact of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Possenti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudia Conti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - G Diego Gatta
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Merlini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via S. Botticelli 23, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Realini
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale (ISPC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125 Milano, Italy.
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Selected Aspects Regarding the Restoration/Conservation of Traditional Wood and Masonry Building Materials: A Short Overview of the Last Decade Findings. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10031164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vernacular buildings are usually constructed using materials at hand, including wood, natural stone and bricks (either clay or mud bricks). All those materials are exposed to a series of environmental factors, affecting their structure and integrity. The literature review was conducted using different databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink) using as keywords the historical material, “heritage” and the terms regarding the desired effect, within the envisaged time period (2010–2019). The assessment of the results was performed by manual inspection (reading the entire article) and the selection of the works to be inserted in the current review was made by evaluating the contribution to the field. This review summarizes different aspects related to the restoration and conservation of wooden and masonry elements of traditional buildings, including materials used for biocidal interventions, protection against abiotic factors, cleaning and consolidation agents. Finally, a critical discussion regarding the current limitations and future perspectives concludes the review work, envisaging the role of researchers specialized in materials science in the context of cultural heritage conservation.
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Pesce C, Moretto LM, Orsega EF, Pesce GL, Corradi M, Weber J. Effectiveness and Compatibility of a Novel Sustainable Method for Stone Consolidation Based on Di-Ammonium Phosphate and Calcium-Based Nanomaterials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12183025. [PMID: 31540392 PMCID: PMC6766278 DOI: 10.3390/ma12183025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
External surfaces of stones used in historic buildings often carry high artistic value and need to be preserved from the damages of time, especially from the detrimental effects of the weathering. This study aimed to test the effectiveness and compatibility of some new environmentally-friendly materials for stone consolidation, as the use thereof has been so far poorly investigated. The treatments were based on combinations of an aqueous solution of di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) and two calcium-based nanomaterials, namely a commercial nanosuspension of Ca(OH)2 and a novel nanosuspension of calcite. The treatments were applied to samples of two porous stones: a limestone and a sandstone. The effectiveness of the treatments was assessed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultrasound pulse velocity test, colour measurements, and capillary water absorption test. The results suggest that the combined use of DAP and Ca-based nanosuspensions can be advantageous over other commonly used consolidants in terms of retreatability and physical-chemical compatibility with the stone. Some limitations are also highlighted, such as the uneven distribution and low penetration of the consolidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pesce
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy.
| | - Ligia M Moretto
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy.
| | - Emilio F Orsega
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, 30172 Mestre Venice, Italy.
| | - Giovanni L Pesce
- Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Marco Corradi
- Department of Engineering, University of Perugia, 06125 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Johannes Weber
- Institute of Art and Technology, Conservation Sciences, University of Applied Arts Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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Investigation of the Optical, Physical, and Chemical Interactions between Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate (DAP) and Pigments. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11143803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This research investigates and evaluates the optical, physical, and chemical interactions between a diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) solution and seven pigments commonly encountered in archaeological and historic fresco and secco wall paintings and polychrome monuments. The pigments include cinnabar, French ochre, chalk, lapis lazuli, raw sienna, burnt umber, and red lead. The raw pigments were analyzed before and after the interaction with the DAP solution, and the reaction products resulting from the contact of the pigments with the DAP solution were evaluated to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of diammonium phosphate on the color, morphology, and chemical composition of the pigments. The results indicated no significant changes of the color or of the chemistry of cinnabar, French ochre, and lapis lazuli. Carbonate-containing primary and secondary (found as impurities in earth pigments) pigments, such as chalk and calcium carbonate, were transformed into calcium phosphate, though without a significant change in color. Phase and strong color changes occurred only for the red lead pigment, associated with the transformation of red lead into hydroxypyromorphite. These data established the parameters and identified the risks of the direct application of DAP solutions on pigments. Further research will be undertaken to assess the potential use of DAP as a consolidant of wall paintings and other polychrome surfaces through testing on wall painting/polychromy mockups and on-site archaeological/historic painted surfaces.
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Electrodeposition of Hydroxyapatite Coatings for Marble Protection: Preliminary Results. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9030207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface coatings made of hydroxyapatite (HAP) have been proposed to protect marble artworks from dissolution in rain, originated by the aqueous solubility of calcite. However, HAP coatings formed by wet chemistry exhibit incomplete coverage of marble surface, which results in limited protective efficacy. In this study, electrodeposition was explored as a new route to possibly form continuous coatings over the marble surface, leaving no bare areas. Electrodeposition was performed by placing marble samples in poultices containing the electrolyte (an aqueous solution with calcium and phosphate precursors) and the electrodes. The influence of several parameters was investigated, namely the role of the working electrode (cathode or anode), the distance between the marble sample and the working electrode, the deposition conditions (potentiostatic or galvanostatic), the electrolyte composition and concentration, the applied voltage, and time. The coating morphology and composition were assessed by SEM/EDS and FT-IR. The protective ability of the most promising formulations was then evaluated, in all cases comparing electrodeposition with traditional wet synthesis methods. The results of the study suggest that electrodeposition is able to accelerate and improve formation of HAP coatings over the marble surface, even though the obtained protective efficacy is not complete yet.
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Diammonium Hydrogenphosphate Treatment on Dolostone: the Role of Mg in the Crystallization Process. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The diammonium hydrogenphosphate (DAP, (NH4)2HPO4) reaction with calcite has been extensively investigated. The availability of free calcium ions in the reaction environment has been acknowledged as a crucial factor in the crystallization of calcium phosphates with a high (hydroxyapatite, Ca/P 1.67) or low Ca/P molar ratio (dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, Ca/P 1.00; octacalcium phosphate, Ca/P 1.33). On the contrary, no data are available on the DAP interaction at room temperature with dolomite in terms of reaction mechanism and composition of the reaction products. Here, a multi-analytical approach based on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction before and after heating treatments is proposed to explore how the formation of calcium phosphates occur on Mg-enriched substrates and if the presence of magnesium ions during the reaction influences the crystallization process of calcium phosphates. The DAP reaction with polycrystalline dolomite gives rise to the formation of struvite and of poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite. Calcium and magnesium ions mutually interfered in the crystallization of magnesium and calcium phosphates, respectively, whose effects influenced the properties (size, micro-morphology, composition and crystallinity) of the newly-formed phases.
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Girginova PI, Galacho C, Veiga R, Santos Silva A, Candeias A. Inorganic Nanomaterials for Restoration of Cultural Heritage: Synthesis Approaches towards Nanoconsolidants for Stone and Wall Paintings. CHEMSUSCHEM 2018; 11:4168-4182. [PMID: 30346657 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of inorganic nanostructured materials for the consolidation of stone and wall paintings is reviewed. To begin, a description of the methods most commonly used to prepare nanoconsolidants is provided, particularly in the frame of colloid chemistry. Some concepts of the carbonation mechanism as well as the transport properties of some of these materials are addressed. An overview of the synthesis methods together with some of the application particularities of the distinct consolidants are presented thereafter. Furthermore, the requisites for efficient consolidants and some drawbacks of the nanoconsolidants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penka I Girginova
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
- National Laboratory for Civil Engineering-LNEC, Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristina Galacho
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
- School of Sciences and Technology-Chemistry Department, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal
| | - Rosário Veiga
- National Laboratory for Civil Engineering-LNEC, Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Santos Silva
- National Laboratory for Civil Engineering-LNEC, Av. do Brasil 101, 1700-066, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - António Candeias
- HERCULES Laboratory, University of Évora, Palácio do Vimioso, Largo Marquês de Marialva, 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
- School of Sciences and Technology-Chemistry Department, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671, Évora, Portugal
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Tite T, Popa AC, Balescu LM, Bogdan IM, Pasuk I, Ferreira JMF, Stan GE. Cationic Substitutions in Hydroxyapatite: Current Status of the Derived Biofunctional Effects and Their In Vitro Interrogation Methods. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2081. [PMID: 30355975 PMCID: PMC6266948 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-performance bioceramics are required for preventing failure and prolonging the life-time of bone grafting scaffolds and osseous implants. The proper identification and development of materials with extended functionalities addressing socio-economic needs and health problems constitute important and critical steps at the heart of clinical research. Recent findings in the realm of ion-substituted hydroxyapatite (HA) could pave the road towards significant developments in biomedicine, with an emphasis on a new generation of orthopaedic and dentistry applications, since such bioceramics are able to mimic the structural, compositional and mechanical properties of the bone mineral phase. In fact, the fascinating ability of the HA crystalline lattice to allow for the substitution of calcium ions with a plethora of cationic species has been widely explored in the recent period, with consequent modifications of its physical and chemical features, as well as its functional mechanical and in vitro and in vivo biological performance. A comprehensive inventory of the progresses achieved so far is both opportune and of paramount importance, in order to not only gather and summarize information, but to also allow fellow researchers to compare with ease and filter the best solutions for the cation substitution of HA-based materials and enable the development of multi-functional biomedical designs. The review surveys preparation and synthesis methods, pinpoints all the explored cation dopants, and discloses the full application range of substituted HA. Special attention is dedicated to the antimicrobial efficiency spectrum and cytotoxic trade-off concentration values for various cell lines, highlighting new prophylactic routes for the prevention of implant failure. Importantly, the current in vitro biological tests (widely employed to unveil the biological performance of HA-based materials), and their ability to mimic the in vivo biological interactions, are also critically assessed. Future perspectives are discussed, and a series of recommendations are underlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy Tite
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - Adrian-Claudiu Popa
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
- Army Centre for Medical Research, RO-010195 Bucharest, Romania.
| | | | | | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
| | - José M F Ferreira
- Department of Materials and Ceramics Engineering, CICECO, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - George E Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania.
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Li T, Hu Y, Zhang B. Biomineralization Induced by Colletotrichum acutatum: A Potential Strategy for Cultural Relic Bioprotection. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1884. [PMID: 30158913 PMCID: PMC6104437 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum acutatum is a fungus capable of biomineralization reported in our previous study. In this paper, we compared the ability of this fungus to induce mineralization under different calcium sources, pH levels, and differing carbon availability. Here we found that organic acids, the alkalinity of the environment, and low carbon conditions were major factors influencing calcium carbonate precipitation. High performance liquid chromatography showed that citric acid was a metabolite produced by C. acutatum, and that other organic acids including formic, propionic, α-ketoglutaric, lactic, and succinic acids can be used by this fungus to promote CaCO3 formation. Based on these findings, the mechanism of the biomineralization induced by C. acutatum should be divided into three processes: secreting organic acid to dissolve limestone, utilizing the acid to increase the alkalinity of the microenvironment, and chelating free calcium ions with extracellular polymeric substances or the cell surface to provide a nucleation site. Interestingly, we found that hydroxyapatite rather than calcium carbonate could be produced by this fungus in the presence of phosphate. We also found that the presence of acetic acid could inhibit the transformation of vaterite to calcite. Further, we evaluated whether the proliferation of C. acutatum could influence the deterioration of stone relics. We found that low carbon conditions protected calcium carbonate from dissolution, indicating that the risk of degradation of limestone substrates caused by C. acutatum could be controlled if the fungi were used to consolidate or restore stone monuments. These results suggest that C. acutatum-induced biomineralization may be a useful treatment for deteriorated stone relics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bingjian Zhang
- Department of Cultural Heritage and Museology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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