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Venkataramanachar B, Li J, Islam TU, Wang Y, den Toonder JMJ. Nanomagnetic Elastomers for Realizing Highly Responsive Micro- and Nanosystems. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9203-9211. [PMID: 37467140 PMCID: PMC10603798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Evolution has produced natural systems that generate motion and sense external stimuli at the micro- and nanoscales. At extremely small scales, the intricate motions and large deformations shown by these biosystems are due to a tipping balance between their structural compliance and the actuating force generated in them. Artificially mimicking such ingenious systems for scientific and engineering applications has been approached through the development and use of different smart materials mostly limited to microscale dimensions. To push the application range down to the nanoscale, we developed a material preparation process that yields a library of nanomagnetic elastomers with high magnetic particle concentrations. Through this process, we have realized a material with the highest magnetic-to-elastic force ratio, as is shown by an extensive mechanical and magnetic characterization of the materials. Furthermore, we have fabricated and actuated micro- and nanostructures mimicking cilia, demonstrating the extreme compliance and responsiveness of the developed materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana
B. Venkataramanachar
- Microsystems
Section, Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jianing Li
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Tanveer ul Islam
- Microsystems
Section, Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Ye Wang
- Microsystems
Section, Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. den Toonder
- Microsystems
Section, Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5612 AZ, The Netherlands
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2
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Kumar V, Alam MN, Yewale MA, Park SS. Tailoring Triple Filler Systems for Improved Magneto-Mechanical Performance in Silicone Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102287. [PMID: 37242867 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The demand for multi-functional elastomers is increasing, as they offer a range of desirable properties such as reinforcement, mechanical stretchability, magnetic sensitivity, strain sensing, and energy harvesting capabilities. The excellent durability of these composites is the key factor behind their promising multi-functionality. In this study, various composites based on multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), clay minerals (MT-Clay), electrolyte iron particles (EIP), and their hybrids were used to fabricate these devices using silicone rubber as the elastomeric matrix. The mechanical performance of these composites was evaluated, with their compressive moduli, which was found to be 1.73 MPa for the control sample, 3.9 MPa for MWCNT composites at 3 per hundred parts of rubber (phr), 2.2 MPa for MT-Clay composites (8 phr), 3.2 MPa for EIP composites (80 phr), and 4.1 MPa for hybrid composites (80 phr). After evaluating the mechanical performance, the composites were assessed for industrial use based on their improved properties. The deviation from their experimental performance was studied using various theoretical models such as the Guth-Gold Smallwood model and the Halpin-Tsai model. Finally, a piezo-electric energy harvesting device was fabricated using the aforementioned composites, and their output voltages were measured. The MWCNT composites showed the highest output voltage of approximately 2 milli-volt (mV), indicating their potential for this application. Lastly, magnetic sensitivity and stress relaxation tests were performed on the hybrid and EIP composites, with the hybrid composite demonstrating better magnetic sensitivity and stress relaxation. Overall, this study provides guidance on achieving promising mechanical properties in such materials and their suitability for various applications, such as energy harvesting and magnetic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Najib Alam
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Manesh A Yewale
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Shin Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Muhammad Zaki N, Yunus NA, Yusoff MS, Mazlan SA, Abdul Aziz SA, Izni NA, Bahiuddin I. Effects of Petroleum-Based Oils as Dispersing Aids on Physicochemical Characteristics of Magnetorheological Elastomers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227026. [PMID: 34832425 PMCID: PMC8617985 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigated the effects of petroleum-based oils (PBOs) as a dispersing aid on the physicochemical characteristics of natural rubber (NR)-based magnetorheological elastomers (MREs). The addition of PBOs was expected to overcome the low performance of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers due to their inhomogeneous dispersion and the mobility of magnetic particles within the elastomer matrix. The NR-based MREs were firstly fabricated by mixing the NR compounds homogeneously with different ratios of naphthenic oil (NO), light mineral oil (LMO), and paraffin oil (PO) to aromatic oil (AO), with weight percentage ratios of 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70, respectively. From the obtained results, the ratios of NO mixed with low amounts of AO improved the material physicochemical characteristics, such as thermal properties. Meanwhile, LMO mixed the AO led to the best results for curing characteristics, microstructure observation, and magnetic properties of the MREs. We found that the LMO mixed with a high content of AO could provide good compatibility between the rubber molecular and magnetic particles due to similar chemical structures, which apparently enhance the physicochemical characteristics of MREs. In conclusion, the 30:70 ratio of LMO:AO is considered the preferable dispersing aid for MREs due to structural compounds present in the oil that enhance the physicochemical characteristics of the NR-based MREs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norizatie Muhammad Zaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (N.M.Z.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Nurul Azhani Yunus
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (N.M.Z.); (M.S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-5368-7202
| | - Muhamad Shakir Yusoff
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia; (N.M.Z.); (M.S.Y.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.A.M.); (S.A.A.A.)
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (S.A.M.); (S.A.A.A.)
| | - Nor Aziyatul Izni
- Department of Actuarial Science & Applied Statistics, Faculty of Business and Management, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur (South Wing), Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia;
| | - Irfan Bahiuddin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vocational College, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Yacaranda Sekip Unit IV, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia;
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4
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Schümann M, Odenbach S. The microstructure of magnetorheological materials characterized by means of computed X-ray microtomography. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2019-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Magnetorheological materials are a class of “smart materials”, where mechanical material properties can be tuned by the application of externally applied fields. To accomplish the magneto-sensitive quality, magnetic particlesare distributed in a host matrix. In the last year’s interest gained in materials based on solid matrices. In contrast to fluid systems, within a solid matrix, the particles are fixed within the material. This enables an evaluation of the structures formed by the particles by means of computed X-ray microtomography. As known from past investigations, the arrangement and movement of the magnetic particles within the matrix play a major role in determining the overall material properties. Computed X-ray microtomography proved to be a convenient tool, providing important new knowledge about those materials. This paper gives an overview of the application of the method of computed X-ray microtomography on several kinds of solid magnetorheological materials, the broad possibilities of data evaluation, and fundamental results obtained with this method and the described materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Schümann
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
| | - Stefan Odenbach
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , TU Dresden , Dresden , Germany
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6
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Lu Q, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:512. [PMID: 33567794 PMCID: PMC7915058 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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7
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Agafonov AV, Kraev AS, Egorova AA, Baranchikov AE, Kozyukhin SA, Ivanov VK. Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers Filled with Rod-Like α-MnO 2 Nanoparticles: An Interplay of Structure and Electrorheological Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2810. [PMID: 33260930 PMCID: PMC7759881 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the first time, electroactive nanocomposite elastomers based on polydimethylsiloxane and filled with rod-like α-MnO2 nanoparticles have been obtained. The curing of the filled elastomer in an electric field, resulting in the ordering of the α-MnO2 particles, had a significant effect on the degree of polymer crosslinking, as well as on the electrorheological characteristics of the nanocomposites obtained through this process, namely the values of the storage and loss moduli. The dielectric spectra of filled elastomers in the frequency range 25-106 Hz were analysed in terms of interfacial relaxation processes. It has been shown, for the first time, that the application of an electric field leads to a decrease in the value of the Payne effect in composite elastomers. Analysis of the rheological effect in the obtained materials has demonstrated the possibility of designing highly efficient electrorheological elastomers that change their elastic properties by 4.3 times in electric fields of up to 2 kV/mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Agafonov
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.S.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Research Tomsk State University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Anton S. Kraev
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (A.V.A.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Anastasia A. Egorova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.E.); (A.E.B.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Alexander E. Baranchikov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.E.); (A.E.B.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Sergey A. Kozyukhin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.E.); (A.E.B.); (S.A.K.)
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.E.); (A.E.B.); (S.A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
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8
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Abstract
Magnetic Soft Matter is a rapidly evolving discipline with fundamental and practical interest. This is due to the fact that its physical properties can be easily controlled through external magnetic fields. In this review paper, we revisit the most recent progress in the field (since 2010) emphasizing the rheological properties of these fascinating materials. New formulations and flow kinematics are discussed. Also, new members are integrated into the long-lived magnetorheology family and suggestions are provided for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Morillas
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group and Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 - Granada, Spain.
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9
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Kang SS, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Magnetorheological Elastomers: Fabrication, Characteristics, and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E4597. [PMID: 33076562 PMCID: PMC7602820 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers become one of the most powerful smart and advanced materials that can be tuned reversibly, finely, and quickly in terms of their mechanical and viscoelastic properties by an input magnetic field. They are composite materials in which magnetizable particles are dispersed in solid base elastomers. Their distinctive behaviors are relying on the type and size of dispersed magnetic particles, the type of elastomer matrix, and the type of non-magnetic fillers such as plasticizer, carbon black, and crosslink agent. With these controllable characteristics, they can be applied to various applications such as vibration absorber, isolator, magnetoresistor, and electromagnetic wave absorption. This review provides a summary of the fabrication, properties, and applications of MR elastomers made of various elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Soon Kang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
| | - Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
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10
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Djordjevic I, Wicaksono G, Solic I, Steele TWJ. In Vitro Biocompatibility of Diazirine‐Grafted Biomaterials. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000235. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Djordjevic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Gautama Wicaksono
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Ivan Solic
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore
| | - Terry W. J. Steele
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) Nanyang Technological University (NTU) Singapore 639798 Singapore
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11
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Agafonov AV, Kraev AS, Baranchikov AE, Ivanov VK. Electrorheological Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane/TiO 2-Based Composite Elastomers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092137. [PMID: 32962065 PMCID: PMC7569977 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrorheological elastomers based on polydimethylsiloxane filled with hydrated titanium dioxide with a particle size of 100-200 nm were obtained by polymerization of the elastomeric matrix, either in the presence, or in the absence, of an external electric field. The viscoelastic and dielectric properties of the obtained elastomers were compared. Analysis of the storage modulus and loss modulus of the filled elastomers made it possible to reveal the influence of the electric field on the Payne effect in electrorheological elastomers. The elastomer vulcanized in the electric field showed high values of electrorheological sensitivity, 250% for storage modulus and 1100% for loss modulus. It was shown, for the first time, that vulcanization of filled elastomers in the electric field leads to a significant decrease in the degree of crosslinking in the elastomer. This effect should be taken into account in the design of electroactive elastomeric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Agafonov
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Anton S. Kraev
- Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Alexander E. Baranchikov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.B.); (V.K.I.)
| | - Vladimir K. Ivanov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.E.B.); (V.K.I.)
- Higher School of Economics, National Research University, 101000 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Design and Implementation of an IoT-Oriented Strain Smart Sensor with Exploratory Capabilities on Energy Harvesting and Magnetorheological Elastomer Transducers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10124387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work designed and implemented a new low-cost, Internet of Things-oriented, wireless smart sensor prototype to measure mechanical strain. The research effort explores the use of smart materials as transducers, e.g., a magnetorheological elastomer as an electrical-resistance sensor, and a cantilever beam with piezoelectric sensors to harvest energy from vibrations. The study includes subsequent and validated results with a magnetorheological elastomer transducer that contained multiwall carbon nanotubes with iron particles, generated voltage tests from an energy-harvesting system that functions with an array of piezoelectric sensors embedded in a rubber-based cantilever beam, wireless communication to send data from the sensor’s central processing unit towards a website that displays and stores the handled data, and an integrated manufactured prototype. Experiments showed that electrical-resistivity variation versus measured strain, and the voltage-generation capability from vibrations have the potential to be employed in smart sensors that could be integrated into commercial solutions to measure strain in automotive and aircraft systems, and civil structures. The reported experiments included cloud-computing capabilities towards a potential Internet of Things application of the smart sensor in the context of monitoring automotive-chassis vibrations and airfoil damage for further analysis and diagnostics, and in general structural-health-monitoring applications.
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Hapipi NM, Mazlan SA, Ubaidillah U, Abdul Aziz SA, Ahmad Khairi MH, Nordin NA, Nazmi N. Solvent Dependence of the Rheological Properties in Hydrogel Magnetorheological Plastomer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1793. [PMID: 32151055 PMCID: PMC7084487 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemically crosslinked hydrogel magnetorheological (MR) plastomer (MRP) embedded with carbonyl iron particles (CIPs) exhibits excellent magnetic performance (MR effect) in the presence of external stimuli especially magnetic field. However, oxidation and desiccation in hydrogel MRP due to a large amount of water content as a dispersing phase would limit its usage for long-term applications, especially in industrial engineering. In this study, different solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are also used to prepare polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel MRP. Thus, to understand the dynamic viscoelastic properties of hydrogel MRP, three different samples with different solvents: water, DMSO, and their binary mixtures (DMSO/water) were prepared and systematically carried out using the oscillatory shear. The outcomes demonstrate that the PVA hydrogel MRP prepared from precursor gel with water shows the highest MR effect of 15,544% among the PVA hydrogel MRPs. However, the samples exhibit less stability and tend to oxidise after a month. Meanwhile, the samples with binary mixtures (DMSO/water) show an acceptable MR effect of 11,024% with good stability and no CIPs oxidation. Otherwise, the sample with DMSO has the lowest MR effect of 7049% and less stable compared to the binary solvent samples. This confirms that the utilisation of DMSO as a new solvent affects the rheological properties and stability of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norhiwani Mohd Hapipi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - U. Ubaidillah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A Kentingan Jebres, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
- National Center for Sustainable Transportation Technology (NCSTT), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Siti Aishah Abdul Aziz
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Muntaz Hana Ahmad Khairi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Nur Azmah Nordin
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
| | - Nurhazimah Nazmi
- Engineering Materials and Structures (eMast) iKohza, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; (N.M.H.); (S.A.A.A.); (M.H.A.K.); (N.A.N.); (N.N.)
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14
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Yoon J, Shin M, Lee T, Choi JW. Highly Sensitive Biosensors Based on Biomolecules and Functional Nanomaterials Depending on the Types of Nanomaterials: A Perspective Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E299. [PMID: 31936530 PMCID: PMC7013709 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors are very important for detecting target molecules with high accuracy, selectivity, and signal-to-noise ratio. Biosensors developed using biomolecules such as enzymes or nucleic acids which were used as the probes for detecting the target molecules were studied widely due to their advantages. For example, enzymes can react with certain molecules rapidly and selectively, and nucleic acids can bind to their complementary sequences delicately in nanoscale. In addition, biomolecules can be immobilized and conjugated with other materials by surface modification through the recombination or introduction of chemical linkers. However, these biosensors have some essential limitations because of instability and low signal strength derived from the detector biomolecules. Functional nanomaterials offer a solution to overcome these limitations of biomolecules by hybridization with or replacing the biomolecules. Functional nanomaterials can give advantages for developing biosensors including the increment of electrochemical signals, retention of activity of biomolecules for a long-term period, and extension of investigating tools by using its unique plasmonic and optical properties. Up to now, various nanomaterials were synthesized and reported, from widely used gold nanoparticles to novel nanomaterials that are either carbon-based or transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based. These nanomaterials were utilized either by themselves or by hybridization with other nanomaterials to develop highly sensitive biosensors. In this review, highly sensitive biosensors developed from excellent novel nanomaterials are discussed through a selective overview of recently reported researches. We also suggest creative breakthroughs for the development of next-generation biosensors using the novel nanomaterials for detecting harmful target molecules with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.Y.); (M.S.)
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Minkyu Shin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.Y.); (M.S.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Wolgye-dong, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01899, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-Ro, Mapo-Gu, Seoul 04107, Korea; (J.Y.); (M.S.)
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Isaev D, Semisalova A, Alekhina Y, Makarova L, Perov N. Simulation of Magnetodielectric Effect in Magnetorheological Elastomers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061457. [PMID: 30909424 PMCID: PMC6470718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of numerical simulation of magnetodielectric effect (MDE) in magnetorheological elastomers (MRE)—the change of effective permittivity of elastomer placed under the external magnetic field. The computer model of effect is based on an assumption about the displacement of magnetic particles inside the elastic matrix under the external magnetic field and the formation of chain-like structures. Such displacement of metallic particles between the planes of capacitor leads to the change of capacity, which can be considered as a change of effective permittivity of elastomer caused by magnetic field (magnetodielectric effect). In the literature, mainly the 2D approach is used to model similar effects. In this paper, we present a new approach of magnetorheological elastomers simulation—a 3D-model of the magnetodielectric effect with ability to simulate systems of 105 particles. Within the framework of the model, three types of particle size distributions were simulated, which gives an advantage over previously reported approaches. Lognormal size distribution was shown to give better qualitative match of the modeling and experimental results than monosized type. The developed model resulted in a good qualitative agreement with all experimental data obtained earlier for Fe-based elastomers. The proposed model is useful to study these novel functional materials, analyze the features of magnetodielectric effect and predict the optimal composition of magnetorheological elastomers for further profound experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danil Isaev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Anna Semisalova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yulia Alekhina
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Liudmila Makarova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Matematics & IT, Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia.
| | - Nikolai Perov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
- Institute of Physics, Matematics & IT, Baltic Federal University, 236041 Kaliningrad, Russia.
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