1
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Zhang Q, Zhao K, Tang X, Song A, Zhang Z, Yin D. Rational design of an AIEgen for imaging lipid droplets polarity change during ferroptosis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124701. [PMID: 38917752 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis can regulate cell death by accumulating lipid peroxides, affecting the structure and polarity of lipid droplets (LDs), but clear evidence is still lacking. Fluorescence imaging is the most powerful technique for studying LDs' function. However, developing AIE fluorescent probes with high selectivity and sensitivity for targeting LDs remains challenging. In this study, we rationally designed an AIEgen, as a novel fluorescent probe TPE-BD, by constructing a push-pull electron structure. The probe has benzo[b]thiophene-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide as the electron acceptor, tetraphenylethylene (AIE skeleton) as the electron donor, and thiophene as the bridging group. The optical performance of probe TPE-BD indicated that the UV-visible absorption spectrum of the probe was minimally affected by solvent polarity (except for glycerol and PBS solvents), but the fluorescence of probe is very sensitive to changes in polarity, achieving the goal of polarity detection in LDs. CCK-8 assay and cell imaging experiments demonstrated that probe TPE-BD exhibited good cell compatibility and effectively targeted LDs, enabling the monitoring of LDs' polarity and quantity during ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Zhang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Kunyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Tang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Ajuan Song
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zezhi Zhang
- College of Environment Economic, Henan Finance University, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Dan Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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2
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Dinh DT, Li CY, Wu MW, Hsieh CF, Chen XY, Chang CC. An acridone based fluorescent dye for lipid droplet tracking and cancer diagnosis. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 258:113000. [PMID: 39121718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are spherical organelles that localize in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. Different proteins are embedded on the surface of LDs, so LDs play a vital role in the physiological activities of cells. The dysregulation of LDs is associated with various human diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, it is essential to develop a fluorescent dye that labels LDs to detect and monitor illnesses. In this study, we developed the compound BDAA12C for staining LDs in cells. BDAA12C exhibits excellent LD specificity and low toxicity, enabling us to successfully stain and observe the fusion of LDs in A549 cancer cells. Furthermore, we also successfully distinguished A549 cancer cells and MRC-5 normal cells in a co-culture experiment and in normal and tumour tissues. Interestingly, we found different localizations of BDAA12C in well-fed and starved A549 cancer cells and consequently illustrated the transfer of fatty acids (FAs) from LDs to mitochondria to supply energy for β-oxidation upon starvation. Therefore, BDAA12C is a promising LD-targeted probe for cancer diagnosis and tracking lipid trafficking within cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat Thanh Dinh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Li
- Department of Surgery, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan; PhD Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Feng Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Intelligent Minimally-Invasive Device Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan..
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3
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Aknine N, Klymchenko AS. Push-Pull Fluorescent Dyes with Trifluoroacetyl Acceptor for High-Fidelity Sensing of Polarity and Heterogeneity of Lipid Droplets. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 39083638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Imaging and sensing of lipid droplets (LDs) attracted significant attention due to growing evidence for their important role in cell life. Solvatochromic dyes are promising tools to probe LDs' local polarity, but this analysis is biased by their non-negligible emission from intracellular membranes and capacity to emit from both the apolar core and polar interface of LDs. Here, we developed two push-pull solvatochromic dyes based on naphthalene and fluorene cores bearing an exceptionally strong electron acceptor, the trifluoroacetyl group. The latter was found to boost the optical properties of the dyes by shifting their absorption and emission to red and increasing their extinction coefficient, photostability, and sensitivity to solvent polarity (solvatochromism). In contrast to classical solvatochromic dyes, such as parent aldehydes and reference Nile Red, the new dyes exhibited strong fluorescence quenching by millimolar water concentrations in organic solvents. In live cells, the trifluoroacetyl dyes exhibited high specificity to LDs, whereas the parent aldehydes and Nile Red showed a detectable backgrounds from intracellular membranes. Experiments in model lipid membranes and nanoemulsion droplets confirmed the high selectivity of new probes to LDs in contrast to classical solvatochromic dyes. Moreover, the new probes were found to be selective to the LDs oil core, where they can sense lipid unsaturation and chain length. Their ratiometric imaging in cells revealed strong heterogeneity in polarity within LDs, which covered the range of polarities of unsaturated triglyceride oils, whereas Nile Red failed to properly estimate the local polarity of LDs. Finally, the probes revealed that LDs core polarity can be altered by fatty acid diets, which correlates with their chain length and unsaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Aknine
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, ITI SysChem, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
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4
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Madsen S, Delgado AC, Cadilhac C, Maillard V, Battiston F, Igelbüscher CM, De Neck S, Magrinelli E, Jabaudon D, Telley L, Doetsch F, Knobloch M. A fluorescent perilipin 2 knock-in mouse model reveals a high abundance of lipid droplets in the developing and adult brain. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5489. [PMID: 38942786 PMCID: PMC11213871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are dynamic lipid storage organelles. They are tightly linked to metabolism and can exert protective functions, making them important players in health and disease. Most LD studies in vivo rely on staining methods, providing only a snapshot. We therefore developed a LD-reporter mouse by labelling the endogenous LD coat protein perilipin 2 (PLIN2) with tdTomato, enabling staining-free fluorescent LD visualisation in living and fixed tissues and cells. Here we validate this model under standard and high-fat diet conditions and demonstrate that LDs are highly abundant in various cell types in the healthy brain, including neurons, astrocytes, ependymal cells, neural stem/progenitor cells and microglia. Furthermore, we also show that LDs are abundant during brain development and can be visualized using live imaging of embryonic slices. Taken together, our tdTom-Plin2 mouse serves as a novel tool to study LDs and their dynamics under both physiological and diseased conditions in all tissues expressing Plin2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Christelle Cadilhac
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vanille Maillard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Battiston
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Simon De Neck
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elia Magrinelli
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Jabaudon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic Telley
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marlen Knobloch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Rubio V, McInchak N, Fernandez G, Benavides D, Herrera D, Jimenez C, Mesa H, Meade J, Zhang Q, Stawikowski MJ. Modular Fluorescent Cholesterol Naphthalimide Probes And Their Application For Cholesterol Trafficking Studies In Cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.24.600118. [PMID: 38979187 PMCID: PMC11230193 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.24.600118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Development of fluorescent cholesterol analogs to better understand subcellular cholesterol trafficking is of great interest for cell biology and medicine. Our approach utilizes a bifunctional 1,8-naphthalimide scaffold with a push-pull character, modified on one side with a head group and a linker on the other side connecting it to cholesterol via an ester bond. Through structure-function studies, we've explored how different substituents-linkers and head groups-affect the ability of these fluorescent cholesterol naphthalimide analogs (CNDs) to mimic natural cholesterol behavior at both molecular and cellular levels. We categorized the resulting analogs into three groups: neutral, charged, and those featuring a hydroxyl group. Each compound was assessed for its solvatochromic behavior in organic solvents and model membranes. Extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations helped us examine how these analogs perform in model membranes compared to cholesterol. Additionally, we investigated the partitioning of these fluorescent probes in phase-separated giant unilamellar vesicles. We evaluated the uptake and distribution of these probes within mouse fibroblast cells and astrocytes, for their subcellular distributions in lysosomes and compared that to BODIPY-cholesterol, a well-regarded fluorescent cholesterol analog. The internalization efficiency of the fluorescent probes varies in different cell types and is affected mainly by the head groups. Our results demonstrate that the modular design significantly simplifies the creation of fluorescent cholesterol probes bearing distinct spectral, biophysical, and cellular targeting features, which makes it a valuable toolkit for the investigation of subcellular distribution and trafficking of cholesterol and its derivatives.
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6
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Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Du H, Zhang G, Zhang C, Shuang S, Dong C. A specific dual-locked fluorescence probe to visualize the dynamic changes of lipid droplets and hypochlorous acid in inflammation. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124182. [PMID: 38522376 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key factor leading to the occurrence and development of many diseases, both lipid droplets (LDs) and hypochlorous acid (HClO/ClO-) are regarded as the important biomarkers of inflammation. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an efficient single chemical sensor that can simultaneously detect these two biomarkers. To achieve the goal, we developed a dual-locked fluorescence probe (TPA-DNP) by fusing two targets activated reporting system, its implementation was achieved by turning-on the fluorescence of TPA-DNP through LDs and HClO/ClO- simultaneously. In simulated LDs environment, TPA-DNP displayed excellent selectivity to HClO/ClO-, high sensitivity (LOD = 0.527 μM) and strong anti-interference ability. In addition, cell and zebrafish imaging experiments showed that TPA-DNP could be utilized to visualize exogenous/endogenous HClO/ClO- in LDs environment, and could also be used to observe the impact of LDs changes on the HClO/ClO- detection. On the basis, TPA-DNP served as a favorable tool to achieve visualization of inflammatory dynamic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Huizhi Du
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guomei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Shaomin Shuang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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7
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Li Y, Munoz-Mayorga D, Nie Y, Kang N, Tao Y, Lagerwall J, Pernaci C, Curtin G, Coufal NG, Mertens J, Shi L, Chen X. Microglial lipid droplet accumulation in tauopathy brain is regulated by neuronal AMPK. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1351-1370.e8. [PMID: 38657612 PMCID: PMC11153007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in aging and Alzheimer's disease brains is considered a pathological phenomenon with unresolved cellular and molecular mechanisms. Utilizing stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, we observed significant in situ LD accumulation in microglia of tauopathy mouse brains. SRS imaging, combined with deuterium oxide (D2O) labeling, revealed heightened lipogenesis and impaired lipid turnover within LDs in tauopathy fly brains and human neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Transfer of unsaturated lipids from tauopathy iPSC neurons to microglia induced LD accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, and impaired phagocytosis. Neuronal AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibits lipogenesis and promotes lipophagy in neurons, thereby reducing lipid flux to microglia. AMPK depletion in prodromal tauopathy mice increased LD accumulation, exacerbated pro-inflammatory microgliosis, and promoted neuropathology. Our findings provide direct evidence of native, aberrant LD accumulation in tauopathy brains and underscore the critical role of AMPK in regulating brain lipid homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Munoz-Mayorga
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuhang Nie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ningxin Kang
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yuren Tao
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Lagerwall
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Carla Pernaci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Genevieve Curtin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jerome Mertens
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lingyan Shi
- Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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8
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Engelhardt PM, Veronese M, Eryiğit AA, Das A, Kaczmarek AT, Rugarli EI, Schmalz HG. A pH-Sensitive Double Chromophore Fluorescent Dye for Live-Tracking of Lipophagy. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400808. [PMID: 38506349 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplet (LD) degradation provides metabolic energy and important building blocks for various cellular processes. The two major LD degradation pathways include autophagy (lipophagy), which involves delivery of LDs to autolysosomes, and lipolysis, which is mediated by lipases. While abnormalities in LD degradation are associated with various pathological disorders, our understanding of lipophagy is still rudimentary. In this study, we describe the development of a lipophilic dye containing two fluorophores, one of which is pH-sensitive and the other pH-stable. We further demonstrate that this "Lipo-Fluddy" can be used to visualize and quantify lipophagy in living cells, in an easily applicable and protein label-free approach. After estimating the ability of compound candidates to penetrate LDs, we synthesized several BODIPY and (pH-switchable) rhodol dyes, whose fluorescence properties (incl. their photophysical compatibility) were analyzed. Of three Lipo-Fluddy dyes synthesized, one exhibited the desired properties and allowed observation of lipophagy by fluorescence microscopy. Also, this dye proved to be non-toxic and suitable for the examination of various cell lines. Moreover, a method was developed to quantify the lipophagy process using flow cytometry, which could be applied in the future in the identification of lipophagy-related genes or in the screening of potential drugs against lipophagy-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal M Engelhardt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matteo Veronese
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alpay A Eryiğit
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anushka Das
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander T Kaczmarek
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Elena I Rugarli
- Cluster of Excellence-Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Schmalz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
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9
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Kim ES, Lee JM, Kwak JY, Lee HW, Lee IJ, Kim HM. Multicolor Two-Photon Microscopy Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Liver Capsule Macrophages In Vivo. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8467-8473. [PMID: 38723271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) store energy and supply fatty acids and cholesterol. LDs are a hallmark of chronic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, studies have focused on the role of hepatic macrophages in NAFLD. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is used for labeling the characteristic targets in bioimaging analysis. Cx3cr1-GFP mice are widely used in studying the liver macrophages such as the NAFLD model. Here, we have developed a tool for two-photon microscopic observation to study the interactions between LDs labeled with LD2 and liver capsule macrophages labeled with GFP in vivo. LD2, a small-molecule two-photon excitation fluorescent probe for LDs, exhibits deep-red (700 nm) fluorescence upon excitation at 880 nm, high cell staining ability and photostability, and low cytotoxicity. This probe can clearly observe LDs through two-photon microscopy (TPM) and enables the simultaneous imaging of GFP+ liver capsule macrophages (LCMs) in vivo in the liver capsule of Cx3cr1-GFP mice. In the NAFLD mouse model, Cx3cr1+ LCMs and LDs increased with the progress of fatty liver disease, and spatiotemporal changes in LCMs were observed through intravital 3D TPM images. LD2 will aid in studying the interactions and immunological roles of hepatic macrophages and LDs to better understand NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seo Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - In-Jeong Lee
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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10
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Kim EJ, Jeon HB, Kang MJ, Lee J. Dynamic Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Cells and Tissues by Using Dioxaborine Barbiturate-Based Fluorogenic Probes. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8356-8364. [PMID: 38753674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Lipids are essential for various cellular functions, including energy storage, membrane flexibility, and signaling molecule production. Maintaining proper lipid levels is important to prevent health problems such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Monitoring cellular lipid droplets (LDs) in real-time with high resolution can provide insights into LD-related pathways and diseases owing to the dynamic nature of LDs. Fluorescence-based imaging is widely used for tracking LDs in live cells and animal models. However, the current fluorophores have limitations such as poor photostability and high background staining. Herein, we developed a novel fluorogenic probe based on a push-pull interaction combined with aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) for dynamic imaging of LDs. Probe 1 exhibits favorable membrane permeability and spectroscopic characteristics, allowing specific imaging of cellular LDs and time-lapse imaging of LD accumulation. This probe can also be used to examine LDs in fruit fly tissues in various metabolic states, serving as a highly versatile and specific tool for dynamic LD imaging in cellular and tissue environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Kim
- Department of Next-Generation Applied Science and School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Bin Jeon
- Department of Next-Generation Applied Science and School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of Next-Generation Applied Science and School of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, Sungshin University, Seoul 01133, Republic of Korea
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11
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Michel L, Durand P, Chevalier A. A Naphthalimide Based "Turn-ON" Probe for Wash-Free Imaging of Lipid-Droplet in Living Cells With an Excellent Selectivity. Chembiochem 2024:e202400270. [PMID: 38683177 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The impacts of dimethylation of 4-Amino-1,8-Naphthalimide (ANI) on its photophysical properties are reported. The resulting 4-DiMe-ANI displays completely different fluorescence properties, conferring it ability to selectively label lipid droplets in living cells. A comprehensive photophysical study revealed that this selectivity arises from an Internal Charge Transfer favored in lipophilic media to the detriment of a non-emissive TICT in more polar media. This results in a very high "LDs/Cytosol" signal ratio, enabling LDs to be imaged with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio, and positioning its performance above that of the BODIPY 493/503 commonly used to image LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurane Michel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Dpt Chemobiology, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Dpt Chemobiology, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Dpt Chemobiology, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Tacke E, Hoang MD, Estaque L, Durand P, Pieters G, Chevalier A. CinNapht AIE(E)gens for selective imaging of lipid droplets. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2739-2743. [PMID: 38497223 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00247d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This article describes the synthesis and photophysical properties of Aggregation-Induced Emission (enhancement) luminogens derivated from CinNaphts dyes. These fluorophores can be obtained in good yields in a single SNAr step of a fluorinated CinNapht derivative by incorporating hindered aromatic amines. They exhibit AIE(E) behavior associated with solid-state fluorescence covering an emission range from 563 to 722 nm. One carbazole derivative demonstrates a remarkable efficiency in imaging lipid droplets in living cells through an original photophysical mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore Tacke
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Minh-Duc Hoang
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Lilian Estaque
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Philippe Durand
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Grégory Pieters
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301, 91198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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13
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Pirnat G, Marinčič M, Ravnik M, Humar M. Quantifying local stiffness and forces in soft biological tissues using droplet optical microcavities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314884121. [PMID: 38232279 PMCID: PMC10823245 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314884121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical properties of biological tissues fundamentally underlie various biological processes and noncontact, local, and microscopic methods can provide fundamental insights. Here, we present an approach for quantifying the local mechanical properties of biological materials at the microscale, based on measuring the spectral shifts of the optical resonances in droplet microcavities. Specifically, the developed method allows for measurements of deformations in dye-doped oil droplets embedded in soft materials or biological tissues with an error of only 1 nm, which in turn enables measurements of anisotropic stress inside tissues as small as a few pN/μm2. Furthermore, by applying an external strain, Young's modulus can be measured in the range from 1 Pa to 35 kPa, which covers most human soft tissues. Using multiple droplet microcavities, our approach could enable mapping of stiffness and forces in inhomogeneous soft tissues and could also be applied to in vivo and single-cell experiments. The developed method can potentially lead to insights into the mechanics of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Pirnat
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Marinčič
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Miha Ravnik
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Humar
- Condensed Matter Department, J. Stefan Institute, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
- Center of Excellence on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Nanocenter, LjubljanaSI-1000, Slovenia
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14
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Rajput MD, Mahalingavelar P, Patel MD, Bait A, Mandal P, Soppina V, Kanvah S. Lipid Droplets Specific Fluorophore for Demarcation of Normal and Diseased Tissues. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202300698. [PMID: 37889156 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Using high-fidelity, permeable, lipophilic, and bright fluorophores for imaging lipid droplets (LDs) in tissues holds immense potential in diagnosing conditions such as diabetic or alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this work, we utilized linear and Λ-shaped polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes for imaging LDs in both cellular and tissue environments, specifically in rats with diabetic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. The fluorescent probes possess several key characteristics, including high permeability, lipophilicity, and brightness, which make them well-suited for efficient LD imaging. Notably, the probes exhibit a substantial Stokes shift, with 143 nm for DCS and 201 nm for DCN with selective targeting of the lipid droplets. Our experimental investigations successfully differentiated morphological variations between diseased and normal tissues in three distinct tissue types: liver, adipose, and small intestine. They could help provide pointers for improved detection and understanding of LD-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ms Deeksha Rajput
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Paramasivam Mahalingavelar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, 30332, USA
| | - Ms Dhara Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Amey Bait
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Palash Mandal
- Department of Biological Sciences, P. D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology Changa, 388421, Anand, Gujarat, India
| | - Virupakshi Soppina
- Department of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
| | - Sriram Kanvah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382055, India
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15
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Moghtaderi S, Mandapati A, Davies G, Wahid KA, Lukong KE. Smart and low-cost fluorometer for identifying breast cancer malignancy based on lipid droplets accumulation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294988. [PMID: 38128020 PMCID: PMC10735024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common cause of breast cancer-related death is tumor recurrence. To develop more effective treatments, the identification of cancer cell specific malignancy indicators is therefore critical. Lipid droplets are known as an emerging hallmark in aggressive breast tumors. A common technique that can be used for observing molecules in cancer microenvironment is fluorescence microscopy. We describe the design, development and applicability of a smart fluorometer to detect lipid droplet accumulation based on the emitted fluorescence signals from highly malignant (MDA-MB-231) and mildly malignant (MCF7) breast cancer cell lines, that are stained with BODIPY dye. This device uses a visible-range light source as an excitation source and a spectral sensor as the detector. A commercial imaging system was used to examine the fluorescent cancer cell lines before being validated in a preclinical setting with the developed prototype. The outcomes indicate that this low-cost fluorometer can effectively detect the alterations levels of lipid droplets and hence distinguish between "moderately malignant" and "highly malignant" cancer cells. In comparison to prior research that used fluorescence spectroscopy techniques to detect cancer biomarkers, this study revealed enhanced capability in classifying mildly and highly malignant cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Moghtaderi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Aditya Mandapati
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gerald Davies
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Khan A. Wahid
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kiven Erique Lukong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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16
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Ouellet B, Morneau Z, Abdel-Mawgoud AM. Nile red-based lipid fluorometry protocol and its use for statistical optimization of lipids in oleaginous yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:7313-7330. [PMID: 37741936 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
As lipogenic yeasts are becoming increasingly harnessed as biofactories of oleochemicals, the availability of efficient protocols for the determination and optimization of lipid titers in these organisms is necessary. In this study, we optimized a quick, reliable, and high-throughput Nile red-based lipid fluorometry protocol adapted for oleaginous yeasts and validated it using different approaches, the most important of which is using gas chromatography coupled to flame ionization detection and mass spectrometry. This protocol was applied in the optimization of the concentrations of ammonium chloride and glycerol for attaining highest lipid titers in Rhodotorula toruloides NRRL Y-6987 and Yarrowia lipolytica W29 using response surface central composite design (CCD). Results of this optimization showed that the optimal concentration of ammonium chloride and glycerol is 4 and 123 g/L achieving a C/N ratio of 57 for R. toruloides, whereas for Y. lipolytica, concentrations are 4 and 139 g/L with a C/N ratio of 61 for Y. lipolytica. Outside the C/N of 33 to 74 and 45 to 75, respectively, for R. toruloides and Y. lipolytica, lipid productions decrease by more than 10%. The developed regression models and response surface plots show the importance of the careful selection of C/N ratio to attain maximal lipid production. KEY POINTS: • Nile red (NR)-based lipid fluorometry is efficient, rapid, cheap, high-throughput. • NR-based lipid fluorometry can be well used for large-scale experiments like DoE. • Optimal molar C/N ratio for maximum lipid production in lipogenic yeasts is ~60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ouellet
- Institute of Integrative Biology and Systems, Laval University, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Ave. de la Médecine,, QC, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, 1045 Ave. de la Médecine, QC, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Zacharie Morneau
- Institute of Integrative Biology and Systems, Laval University, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Ave. de la Médecine,, QC, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Ahmad M Abdel-Mawgoud
- Institute of Integrative Biology and Systems, Laval University, Pavillon Charles-Eugène-Marchand, 1030 Ave. de la Médecine,, QC, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Laval University, 1045 Ave. de la Médecine, QC, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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17
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Loppi SH, Tavera-Garcia MA, Scholpa NE, Maiyo BK, Becktel DA, Morrison HW, Schnellmann RG, Doyle KP. Boosting Mitochondrial Biogenesis Diminishes Foam Cell Formation in the Post-Stroke Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16632. [PMID: 38068955 PMCID: PMC10706318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following ischemic stroke, the degradation of myelin and other cellular membranes surpasses the lipid-processing capabilities of resident microglia and infiltrating macrophages. This imbalance leads to foam cell formation in the infarct and areas of secondary neurodegeneration, instigating sustained inflammation and furthering neurological damage. Given that mitochondria are the primary sites of fatty acid metabolism, augmenting mitochondrial biogenesis (MB) may enhance lipid processing, curtailing foam cell formation and post-stroke chronic inflammation. Previous studies have shown that the pharmacological activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) stimulates MB. Consequently, our study sought to discern the effects of intensified β2-AR signaling on MB, the processing of brain lipid debris, and neurological outcome using a mouse stroke model. To achieve this goal, aged mice were treated with formoterol, a long-acting β2-AR agonist, daily for two and eight weeks following stroke. Formoterol increased MB in the infarct region, modified fatty acid metabolism, and reduced foam cell formation. However, it did not reduce markers of post-stroke neurodegeneration or improve recovery. Although our findings indicate that enhancing MB in myeloid cells can aid in the processing of brain lipid debris after stroke, it is important to note that boosting MB alone may not be sufficient to significantly impact stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna H. Loppi
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Marco A. Tavera-Garcia
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Natalie E. Scholpa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (N.E.S.); (R.G.S.)
| | - Boaz K. Maiyo
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | - Danielle A. Becktel
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
| | | | - Rick G. Schnellmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (N.E.S.); (R.G.S.)
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- R. Ken Coit Center for Longevity and Neurotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kristian P. Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; (S.H.L.); (M.A.T.-G.); (B.K.M.); (D.A.B.)
- BIO5 Institute, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Arizona Center on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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18
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Hong J, Liu Y, Tan X, Feng G. Engineering of a NIR fluorescent probe for high-fidelity tracking of lipid droplets in living cells and nonalcoholic fatty liver tissues. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115646. [PMID: 37657311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
LDs (Lipid droplets) are key organelles for lipid metabolism and storage, which are closely related to ferroptosis and fatty liver. Due to its small size and highly dynamic nature, developing high-fidelity fluorescent probes for imaging of LDs is crucial for observing the dynamic physiological processes of LDs and investigating LDs-associated diseases. Herein, we synthesized three dicyanoisophorone-based fluorescent probes (DCIMe, DCIJ, and DCIQ) with different electron-donating groups and studied their imaging performance for LDs. The results show that DCIQ is highly polarity sensitive and can perform high-fidelity imaging for LDs, with significantly better performance than DCIMe, DCIJ, and commercial LD probe BODIPY 493/503. Based on this, DCIQ was successfully applied to real-time observe the interplays between LDs and other organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum), and to image the dynamics of LDs with fast scanning mode (0.44 s/frame) and the generation of oleic acid-induced LDs with high-fidelity. Finally, DCIQ was used to study the changes of LDs in the ferroptosis process and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease tissues. Overall, this study provided a powerful tool for high-fidelity imaging of LDs in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Yijia Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xiaodong Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Guoqiang Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, 152 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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19
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Liu Y, Yang S, Chen X, Ke M. Comparison of different lipid staining methods in human meibomian gland epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2023; 236:109658. [PMID: 37741430 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the utility of four different dyes for intracellular lipid detection in immortalized human meibomian gland epithelial cells (IHMGECs). IHMGECs were cultured in a serum-containing medium for 10 days in the presence or absence of Roxadustat (Roxa), a known inducer of IHMGEC differentiation. Cells were then fixed and stained with Oil Red O (ORO), Sudan III (SIII), LipidTOX green (LT), or Nile Red (NR). IHMGECs were evaluated for the number, size, and area of stained intracellular lipid vesicles or the intensity of staining using bright field (ORO, SIII) or fluorescence (LT, NR) microscopy. Data were captured with ImageJ and analyzed with Student's two-tailed t-test. Our findings demonstrate that different staining methods can yield significantly different patterns of intracellular lipid quantity and/or distribution in IHMGECs. ORO and SIII significantly increased the size and area of lipid-containing vesicles in Roxa-treated cells. Neither stain showed a change in the number of vesicles during IHMGEC differentiation. Vesicle size was significantly greater in cells stained with ORO, as compared to SIII. In addtion, LT, but not NR, showed a significant increase in intracellular lipid intensity in IHMGECs following Roxa -induced differentiation. Our results demonstrate significant differences in the distribution patterns and intensities of lipid-containing vesicles in IHMGECs after staining with ORO, SIII, LT, and NR. ORO, SIII, and LT, but not NR staining, are helpful methods to help identify and quantitate the extent of intracellular lipid accumulation during IHMGEC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Sharma CP, Vyas A, Pandey P, Gupta S, Vats RP, Jaiswal SP, Bhatt MLB, Sachdeva M, Goel A. A new class of teraryl-based AIEgen for highly selective imaging of intracellular lipid droplets and its detection in advanced-stage human cervical cancer tissues. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:9922-9932. [PMID: 37840367 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01764h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have drawn much attention in recent years. They serve as the energy reservoir of cells and also play an important role in numerous physiological processes. Furthermore, LDs are found to be associated with several pathological conditions, including cancer and diabetes mellitus. Herein, we report a new class of teraryl-based donor-acceptor-appended aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen), 6a, for selective staining of intracellular LDs in in vitro live 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the HeLa cancer cell line. In addition, AIEgen 6a was found to be capable of staining and quantifying the LD accumulation in the tissue sections of advanced-stage human cervical cancer patients. Unlike commercial LD staining dyes Nile Red, BODIPY and LipidTOX, AIEgen 6a showed a high Stokes shift (195 nm), a good fluorescence lifetime decay of 12.7 ns, and LD staining persisting for nearly two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Prakash Sharma
- Fluorescent Chemistry Lab, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Akanksha Vyas
- Division of Endocrinology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Pandey
- Fluorescent Chemistry Lab, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Shashwat Gupta
- Fluorescent Chemistry Lab, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ravi Prakash Vats
- Fluorescent Chemistry Lab, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sakshi Priya Jaiswal
- Fluorescent Chemistry Lab, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | | | - Monika Sachdeva
- Division of Endocrinology CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Atul Goel
- Fluorescent Chemistry Lab, Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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21
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Shan L, Li X, Zheng X, Wu J, Ren H, Liu W, Wang P. Two Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes Based on Curcumin Analogs for Visualizing Polarity Changes in Lipid Droplets. Molecules 2023; 28:6626. [PMID: 37764402 PMCID: PMC10535065 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a class of highly dynamic organelles, lipid droplets (LDs) are involved in numerous physiological functions, and the changes in polarity of LDs are closely related to a variety of diseases. In this work, we developed two polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes (CC-CH and CC-Cl) based on curcumin analogs. CC-CH and CC-Cl with a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) structure exhibited the property of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT); thus, their fluorescence emissions were significantly attenuated with increasing ambient polarity. Cell experiments indicated that CC-CH and CC-Cl showed excellent photostability, a low cytotoxicity, and a superior targeting ability regarding LDs. After treatment with oleic acid (OA) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), the polarity changes of LDs in living cells could be visualized by using CC-CH and CC-Cl. In addition, CC-CH and CC-Cl could monitor polarity changes of LDs in different pathological processes, including inflammatory responses, nutrient deprivation, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Therefore, CC-CH and CC-Cl are promising potential fluorescent probes for tracking intracellular LD polarity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Shan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiuli Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiasheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Optical Physics and Engineering Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Haohui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Institute of Optical Physics and Engineering Technology, Qilu Zhongke, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials and CityU-CAS Joint Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Hernández-Juárez C, Morales-Villafaña G, López-Casillas F, Jiménez-Sánchez A. Fluorescent Probe for in Vivo Partitioning into Dynamic Lipid Droplets Enables Monitoring of Water Permeability-Induced Edema. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3076-3085. [PMID: 37477354 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles found in most cell types from adipocytes to cancer cells. Although recent investigations have implicated LDs in numerous diseases, the current available methods to monitor them in vertebrate models rely on static imaging using fluorescent dyes, limiting the investigation of their rapid in vivo dynamics. Here, we report a fluorophore chemistry approach to enable in vivo LD dynamic monitoring using a Nernstian partitioning mechanism. Interestingly, the effect of atorvastatin and osmotic treatments toward LDs revealed an unprecedented dynamic enhancement. Then, using a designed molecular probe with an optimized response to hydration and LD dynamics applied to Zebrafish developing pericardial and yolk-sac edema, which represents a tractable model of a human cardiovascular disease, we also provide a unique dual method to detect disease evolution and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Hernández-Juárez
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory (BioChela) at Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria. Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Gilberto Morales-Villafaña
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology at Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Fernando López-Casillas
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology at Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Arturo Jiménez-Sánchez
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory (BioChela) at Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria. Circuito Exterior s/n, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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23
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Hammoudeh N, Soukkarieh C, Murphy DJ, Hanano A. Mammalian lipid droplets: structural, pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological roles. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101233. [PMID: 37156444 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian lipid droplets (LDs) are specialized cytosolic organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a membrane made up of a phospholipid monolayer and a specific population of proteins that varies according to the location and function of each LD. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of LD biogenesis and functions. LDs are now recognized as dynamic organelles that participate in many aspects of cellular homeostasis plus other vital functions. LD biogenesis is a complex, highly-regulated process with assembly occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum although aspects of the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain elusive. For example, it is unclear how many enzymes participate in the biosynthesis of the neutral lipid components of LDs and how this process is coordinated in response to different metabolic cues to promote or suppress LD formation and turnover. In addition to enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of neutral lipids, various scaffolding proteins play roles in coordinating LD formation. Despite their lack of ultrastructural diversity, LDs in different mammalian cell types are involved in a wide range of biological functions. These include roles in membrane homeostasis, regulation of hypoxia, neoplastic inflammatory responses, cellular oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, and protection against potentially toxic intracellular fatty acids and lipophilic xenobiotics. Herein, the roles of mammalian LDs and their associated proteins are reviewed with a particular focus on their roles in pathological, immunological and anti-toxicological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Hammoudeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Chadi Soukkarieh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Damascus, Damascus, Syria
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, Wales, United Kingdom..
| | - Abdulsamie Hanano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus, Syria..
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24
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Ventura AE, Pokorna S, Huhn N, Santos TCB, Prieto M, Futerman AH, Silva LC. Cell lipid droplet heterogeneity and altered biophysical properties induced by cell stress and metabolic imbalance. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2023:159347. [PMID: 37271251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) are important regulators of lipid metabolism and are implicated in several diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying the roles of LD in cell pathophysiology remain elusive. Hence, new approaches that enable better characterization of LD are essential. This study establishes that Laurdan, a widely used fluorescent probe, can be used to label, quantify, and characterize changes in cell LD properties. Using lipid mixtures containing artificial LD we show that Laurdan GP depends on LD composition. Accordingly, enrichment in cholesterol esters (CE) shifts Laurdan GP from ~0.60 to ~0.70. Moreover, live-cell confocal microscopy shows that cells present multiple LD populations with distinctive biophysical features. The hydrophobicity and fraction of each LD population are cell type dependent and change differently in response to nutrient imbalance, cell density, and upon inhibition of LD biogenesis. The results show that cellular stress caused by increased cell density and nutrient overload increased the number of LD and their hydrophobicity and contributed to the formation of LD with very high GP values, likely enriched in CE. In contrast, nutrient deprivation was accompanied by decreased LD hydrophobicity and alterations in cell plasma membrane properties. In addition, we show that cancer cells present highly hydrophobic LD, compatible with a CE enrichment of these organelles. The distinct biophysical properties of LD contribute to the diversity of these organelles, suggesting that the specific alterations in their properties might be one of the mechanisms triggering LD pathophysiological actions and/or be related to the different mechanisms underlying LD metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Ventura
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarka Pokorna
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Natalie Huhn
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia C B Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Prieto
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anthony H Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Liana C Silva
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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25
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Dai J, Wu Z, Li D, Peng G, Liu G, Zhou R, Wang C, Yan X, Liu F, Sun P, Zhou J, Lu G. Super-resolution dynamic tracking of cellular lipid droplets employing with a photostable deep red fluorogenic probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 229:115243. [PMID: 36989580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are critical organelles involved in many physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. To visualize and study LDs, particular the small/nascent LDs, the emerging super-resolution fluorescence imaging techniques with nanoscale resolution would be much more powerful in comparison to the conventional confocal/wide-field imaging techniques. However, directly limited by the availability of advanced LDs probes, super-resolution fluorescence imaging of LDs is a practically challenging task. In this context, a superior LDs fluorescent probe named Lipi-Deep Red is newly developed for structured illumination microscopy (SIM) super-resolution imaging. This fluorescent probe features with the advantages of strong deep red/NIR emission, fluorogenic character, high LDs specificity, and outstanding photostability. These advantages enable the fluorescent probe to be finely applied in SIM super-resolution imaging, e.g. time-lapse imaging (up to 1000 frames) to monitor the LDs dynamics at nanoscale (159 nm), two-color time-lapse imaging to discover the nearby contact/interaction between LDs and mitochondria. Consequently, the fusion processes of LDs are impressively visualized at a high spatial and temporal resolution. Two kinds of contact models between LDs and mitochondria (dynamic contact and stable contact) newly proposed in the recent literatures are successfully revealed.
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26
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Huo Z, Cao X, Sun D, Xu W, Yang B, Xu S. Carbonized Polymer Dot Probe for Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Living Cells and Tissues. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1939-1949. [PMID: 37130122 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As a dynamic and multifunctional organelle, lipid droplets (LDs) are essential in maintaining lipid balance and transducing biological signals. LD accumulation and catabolism are closely associated with energy metabolism and cell signaling. In order to easily trace LDs in living cells, a novel carbonized polymer dot (CPD)-based fluorescent nanoprobe is reported to serve the needs of LD-targeting imaging. This probe exhibits the advantages of excellent biocompatibility, simple preparation, good lipophilicity, and high compatibility with commercial dyes. Transient absorption spectroscopy was employed to discuss the luminescence mechanism of CPDs, and the results indicate that the excellent fluorescence property and the environment-responsive feature of our CPDs are derived from the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) characteristics and the D-π-A structure that possibly formed in CPD. This nanoprobe is available for one-photon fluorescence (OPF) and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging and is also practicable for staining LDs in living/fixed cells and lipids in tissue sections. The staining process is completed within several seconds, with no washing step. The intracellular LDs involving the intranuclear LDs (nLDs) can be selectively lit up. This probe is feasible for visualizing dynamic interactions among LDs, which suggests its great potential in revealing the secret of LD metabolism. The in situ TPF spectra were analyzed to determine surrounding microenvironment according to the polarity-responsive feature of our CPDs. This work expands the applications of CPDs in biological imaging, helps design new LD-selective fluorescent probes, and has implications for studying LD-related metabolism and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiumian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Dong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
- Center for Supramolecular Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China
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27
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Cytometric Evaluation of Mitosis via Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Spectral Phasor Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7244-7253. [PMID: 37097612 PMCID: PMC10173251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a robust imaging tool for the analysis of biological systems. Here, we present a unique perspective, a label-free spatiotemporal map of mitosis, by integrating hyperspectral SRS microscopy with advanced chemometrics to assess the intrinsic biomolecular properties of an essential process of mammalian life. The application of spectral phasor analysis to multiwavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber (HWN) region of the Raman spectrum enabled the segmentation of subcellular organelles based on innate SRS spectra. Traditional imaging of DNA is primarily reliant on using fluorescent probes or stains which can affect the biophysical properties of the cell. Here, we demonstrate the label-free visualization of nuclear dynamics during mitosis coupled with an evaluation of its spectral profile in a rapid and reproducible manner. These results provide a snapshot of the cell division cycle and chemical variability between intracellular compartments in single-cell models, which is central to understanding the molecular foundations of these fundamental biological processes. The evaluation of HWN images by phasor analysis also facilitated the differentiation between cells in separate phases of the cell cycle based solely on their nuclear SRS spectral signal, which offers an interesting label-free approach in combination with flow cytometry. Therefore, this study demonstrates that SRS microscopy combined with spectral phasor analysis is a valuable method for detailed optical fingerprinting at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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28
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Liu L, Cui Y, Yang Y, Zhu W, Li C, Fang M. A novel lipid droplets/lysosomes-targeting colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent probe for Cu 2+ and its application. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 291:122333. [PMID: 36621028 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A novel multifunctional fluorescent probe LL2 was prepared via a one-step condensation reaction between 3-formyl-N-butylcarbazole and 2-Hydroxy-1-naphthylhydrazone. LL2 can work as a colorimetric probe for Cu2+, and can also selectively recognize Cu2+ via ratiometric fluorescence signal. After the addition of Cu2+, the probe LL2 responded rapidly within 5 s and reached stability within 30 s. In natural light, when Cu2+ were added to the solution, the color of probe LL2 changed from yellowish to colorless, while there was a discernible fluorescence changed from green to blue under a 365 nm UV lamp. The ratiometric fluorescence intensity (F449/F510) showed a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9902) with Cu2+ concentration in the concentration range of 0-5 μmol/L, and the minimum detection limit was 1.96 μM. Cell imaging experiments showed that LL2 could capture fluorescence signals in the green and blue channels of HepG2 cells through fluorescence confocal microscope, and successfully recognize exogenous Cu2+ in HepG2 cells. In addition, fluorescence co-localization experiments showed that LL2 could target both lipid droplets and lysosomes. Meanwhile, LL2 could be applied to filter paper strip assay and detection of Cu2+ in actual water samples. These results indicated that probe LL2 has a good capability for monitoring Cu2+ in environment and living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Yixian Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Weiju Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
| | - Cun Li
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China
| | - Min Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Polymer Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, PR China.
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29
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Wang J, Jiang Z, Huang C, Zhao S, Zhu S, Liu R, Zhu H. Self-Assembled BODIPY Nanoparticles for Near-Infrared Fluorescence Bioimaging. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28072997. [PMID: 37049760 PMCID: PMC10096313 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28072997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo optical imaging is an important application value in disease diagnosis. However, near-infrared nanoprobes with excellent luminescent properties are still scarce. Herein, two boron–dipyrromethene (BODIPY) molecules (BDP-A and BDP-B) were designed and synthesized. The BODIPY emission was tuned to the near-infrared (NIR) region by regulating the electron-donating ability of the substituents on its core structure. In addition, the introduction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains on BODIPY enabled the formation of self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) to form optical nanoprobes. The self-assembled BODIPY NPs present several advantages, including NIR emission, large Stokes shifts, and high fluorescence quantum efficiency, which can increase water dispersibility and signal-to-noise ratio to decrease the interference by the biological background fluorescence. The in vitro studies revealed that these NPs can enter tumor cells and illuminate the cytoplasm through fluorescence imaging. Then, BDP-B NPs were selected for use in vivo imaging due to their unique NIR emission. BDP-B was enriched in the tumor and effectively illuminated it via an enhanced penetrability and retention effect (EPR) after being injected into the tail vein of mice. The organic nanoparticles were metabolized through the liver and kidney. Thus, the BODIPY-based nanomicelles with NIR fluorescence emission provide an effective research basis for the development of optical nanoprobes in vivo.
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30
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Li S, Wang P, Ye M, Yang K, Cheng D, Mao Z, He L, Liu Z. Cysteine-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Dual-Channel Tracking Lipid Droplets and Mitochondria in Epilepsy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5133-5141. [PMID: 36893258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Dual-channel fluorescent probes could respond to a specific target and emit different wavelengths of fluorescence before and after the response. Such probes could alleviate the influence caused by the variation of the probe concentration, excitation intensity, and so on. However, for most dual-channel fluorescent probes, the probe and fluorophore faced spectral overlap, which reduced sensitivity and accuracy. Herein, we introduced a cysteine (Cys)-responsive and near-infrared (NIR) emissive AIEgen (named TSQC) with good biocompatibility to dual-channel monitor Cys in mitochondria and lipid droplets (LDs) during cell apoptosis through wash-free fluorescence bio-imaging. TSQC can label mitochondria with bright fluorescence around 750 nm, and after reacting with Cys, the reaction product TSQ could spontaneously target LDs with emissions around 650 nm. Such spatially separated dual-channel fluorescence responses could significantly improve detection sensitivity and accuracy. Furthermore, the Cys-triggered dual-channel fluorescence imaging in LDs and mitochondria during apoptosis induced by UV light exposure, H2O2, or LPS treatment is clearly observed for the first time. Besides, we also report here that TSQC can be used to image subcellular Cys in different cell lines by measuring the fluorescence intensities of different emission channels. In particular, TSQC shows superior utility for the in vivo imaging of apoptosis in acute and chronic epilepsy mice. In brief, the newly designed NIR AIEgen TSQC can respond to Cys and separate two fluorescence signals to mitochondria and LDs, respectively, to study Cys-related apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjiao Li
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Miantai Ye
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Dan Cheng
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mao
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Longwei He
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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31
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Wu S, Cui Y, Zhou M, Tao F, Wu W, Xing S, Sun R, Li X, Hu Q. pH-Triggered Charge Reversible Fluorescent Probe for Simultaneous Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Nucleoli in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4005-4014. [PMID: 36795765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Cooperation between organelles is essential to maintain the normal functions of cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) and nucleoli, as important organelles, play an important role in the normal activities of cells. However, due to the lack of appropriate tools, in situ observation of the interaction between them has been rarely reported. In this work, taking into full consideration the pH and charge differences between LDs and nucleoli, a pH-triggered charge reversible fluorescent probe (LD-Nu) was constructed based on a cyclization-ring-opening mechanism. The in vitro pH titration experiment and 1H NMR showed that LD-Nu gradually transferred from the charged form to the electroneutral form with the increase of pH, and thus, the conjugate plane was reduced and its fluorescence blue-shifted. Most importantly, the physical contact between LDs and nucleoli was visualized for the first time. Meanwhile, the relationship between LDs and nucleoli was also further investigated, and the results showed that their interaction was more liable to be affected by the abnormality of LDs than those of nucleoli. Moreover, the cell imaging results displayed that the LDs both in the cytoplasm and nucleus were observed using the probe LD-Nu, and interestingly, the LDs in the cytoplasm were more susceptible to external stimuli than those in the nucleus. In a word, the probe LD-Nu can serve as a powerful tool for further exploration of the interaction mechanism between LDs and nucleoli in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shining Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yuezhi Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Furong Tao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Wenli Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shu Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Qiongzheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
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32
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Purevsuren K, Shiozaki S, Mizukami K, Tobita S, Yoshihara T. In Vivo Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Oxygen Status in Hepatic Tissues of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Model Mice Using a Lipophilic Ir(III) Complex. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3729-3735. [PMID: 36759196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming common worldwide. In pathophysiological studies of NAFLD, an in vivo optical probe that enables visualization of lipid droplets (LDs) and imaging of oxygen status in hepatic tissues simultaneously would be very useful. Here, we present the phosphorescent Ir(III) complex BTP ((btp)2Ir(acac) (btp = benzothienylpyridine, acac = acetylacetone)) as the first probe that meets this requirement. BTP was efficiently taken up into cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes and selectively accumulated into LDs. Quantifying oxygen levels in LDs based on the phosphorescence lifetime of BTP allowed us to track changes in cellular oxygen tension after treatment with metabolic stimulants. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy combined with intravenously administered BTP in mice enabled specific visualization of LDs in hepatic lobules and simultaneous imaging of the oxygen gradient that decreased from the portal vein (PV) to the central vein (CV). NAFL model mice were created by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to mice for 3 or 7 days. The mice fed an HFD showed a marked increase in the amount and size of LDs in hepatocytes compared with those fed a normal diet, leading to abnormal microvascular structures. In addition, HFD-fed mice also exhibited reduced oxygen tension in areas other than the CV. Multicolor imaging with the LD-accumulated oxygen probe BTP and vasculature-staining FITC-lectin suggested that structural distortions of the sinusoidal microvasculature caused by enlarged LDs were associated with partial hypoxia in NAFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulan Purevsuren
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Shuichi Shiozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kiichi Mizukami
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Seiji Tobita
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
| | - Toshitada Yoshihara
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan
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33
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Le Mentec H, Monniez E, Legrand A, Monvoisin C, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. A New In Vivo Zebrafish Bioassay Evaluating Liver Steatosis Identifies DDE as a Steatogenic Endocrine Disruptor, Partly through SCD1 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043942. [PMID: 36835354 PMCID: PMC9959061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which starts with liver steatosis, is a growing worldwide epidemic responsible for chronic liver diseases. Among its risk factors, exposure to environmental contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), has been recently emphasized. Given this important public health concern, regulation agencies need novel simple and fast biological tests to evaluate chemical risks. In this context, we developed a new in vivo bioassay called StAZ (Steatogenic Assay on Zebrafish) using an alternative model to animal experimentation, the zebrafish larva, to screen EDCs for their steatogenic properties. Taking advantage of the transparency of zebrafish larvae, we established a method based on fluorescent staining with Nile red to estimate liver lipid content. Following testing of known steatogenic molecules, 10 EDCs suspected to induce metabolic disorders were screened and DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT, was identified as a potent inducer of steatosis. To confirm this and optimize the assay, we used it in a transgenic zebrafish line expressing a blue fluorescent liver protein reporter. To obtain insight into DDE's effect, the expression of several genes related to steatosis was analyzed; an up-regulation of scd1 expression, probably relying on PXR activation, was found, partly responsible for both membrane remodeling and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Mentec
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Monniez
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236-MOBIDIC, INSERM, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Zhuang W, Chen J, Li C, Li S, Chen M. Aggregation-induced emission fluorescent probes for lipid droplets-specific bioimaging of cells and atherosclerosis plaques. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 286:122017. [PMID: 36323086 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Visualizing lipid droplets (LDs) using fluorescence imaging is highly desirable for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic heart diseases. However, the imaging performance of the current commercial lipid probes is unsatisfactory. In this study, we prepared two probes (TTM and MeO-TTM) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) properties for LD imaging with efficiency. Interestingly, TTM and MeO-TTM showed low emissions in H2O but their emissions were significantly increased in oil. Moreover, TTM and MeO-TTM showed great biocompatibility and intracellular LDs would be specifically illuminated by these probes with good resistance to photobleaching. In addition, TTM and MeO-TTM also exhibited great imaging performance in studying the spatial distribution of LDs in mouse atherosclerotic plaques. This work not only provides a simple tool for studying atherosclerosis but also hopes to enhance the development of fluorescent probes for LDs-specific imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weihua Zhuang
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jingruo Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengming Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shufen Li
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Mao Chen
- Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China; Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Abstract
Biomembranes are ubiquitous lipid structures that delimit the cell surface and organelles and operate as platforms for a multitude of biomolecular processes. The development of chemical tools─fluorescent probes─for the sensing and imaging of biomembranes is a rapidly growing research direction, stimulated by a high demand from cell biologists and biophysicists. This Account focuses on advances in these smart molecules, providing a voyage from the cell frontier─plasma membranes (PM)─toward intracellular membrane compartments─organelles. General classification of the membrane probes can be based on targeting principles, sensing profile, and optical response. Probes for PM and organelle membranes are designed based on multiple targeting principles: conjugation with natural lipids or synthetic targeting ligands and in situ cell labeling by bio-orthogonal chemistry, conjugation to protein tags, and receptor-ligand interactions. Thus, to obtain membrane probes targeting PM with selectivity to one leaflet, we designed membrane anchor ligands based on a charged group and an alkyl chain. According to the sensing profile, we define basic membrane markers with constant emission and probes for biophysical and chemical sensing. The markers are built from classical fluorophores, exemplified by a series of bright cyanines and BODIPY dyes bearing the PM anchors (MemBright). Membrane probes for biophysical sensing are based on environment-sensitive fluorophores: (1) polarity-sensitive solvatochromic dyes; (2) viscosity-sensitive fluorescent molecular rotors; (3) mechanosensitive fluorescent flippers; and (4) voltage-sensitive electrochromic dyes. Our solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red (NR12S, NR12A, NR4A), Laurdan (Pro12A), and 3-hydroxyflavone (F2N12S) through polarity-sensing can visualize liquid ordered and disordered phases of lipid membranes, sense lipid order and its heterogeneity in cell PM, detect apoptosis, etc. Chemically sensitive probes, combining a dye, membrane-targeting ligand, and molecular recognition unit, enable the detection of pH, ions, redox species, lipids, and proteins at the biomembrane surface. In terms of the optical response profile, we can identify (1) fluorogenic (turn-on) probes, allowing background-free imaging; (2) ratiometric probes, e.g., solvatochromic probes, which enable ratiometric imaging by changing their emission/excitation color; (3) fluorescence lifetime-responsive probes, e.g., fluorescence molecular rotors and flippers, suitable for fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM); and (4) switchable probes, important for single-molecule localization microscopy. We showed that combining solvatochromic probes with on-off switching through a reversible binding specifically to cell PM enables the mapping of their biophysical properties with superior resolution. While the majority of efforts have been focused on PM, the probes for cellular organelles, such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, etc., emerge rapidly. Thus, nontargeted solvatochromic probes can distinguish organelles by the emission color. Targeted solvatochromic probes based on Nile Red revealed unique signatures of polarity and lipid order of individual organelles and their different sensitivities to oxidative or mechanical stress. Lipid droplets, which are membraneless lipidic structures, constitute another interesting organelle target for probing the cell stress. Currently, we stand at the beginning of a long route with big challenges ahead, in particular (1) to achieve superior organelle specificity; (2) to label specific biomembrane leaflets, notably the inner leaflet of PM; (3) to detect lipid organization in a proximity of specific proteins; and (4) to probe biomembranes in tissues and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
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36
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Zhou R, Wang C, Liang X, Liu F, Sun P, Yan X, Jia X, Liu X, Wang Y, Lu G. A new organic molecular probe as a powerful tool for fluorescence imaging and biological study of lipid droplets. Theranostics 2023; 13:95-105. [PMID: 36593956 PMCID: PMC9800742 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipid droplets (LDs) are critical organelles associated with many physiological processes in eukaryotic cells. To visualize and study LDs, fluorescence imaging techniques including the confocal imaging as well as the emerging super-resolution imaging of stimulated emission depletion (STED), have been regarded as the most useful methods. However, directly limited by the availability of advanced LDs fluorescent probes, the performances of LDs fluorescence imaging are increasingly unsatisfied with respect to the fast research progress of LDs. Methods: We herein newly developed a superior LDs fluorescent probe named Lipi-QA as a powerful tool for LDs fluorescence imaging and biological study. Colocalization imaging of Lipi-QA and LDs fluorescent probe Ph-Red was conducted in four cell lines. The LDs staining selectivity and the photostability of Lipi-QA were also evaluated by comparing with the commercial LDs probe Nile Red. The in-situ fluorescence lifetime of Lipi-QA in LDs was determined by time-gated detection. The cytotoxicity of Lipi-QA was assessed by MTT assay. The STED saturation intensity as well as the power- and gate time-dependent resolution were tested by Leica SP8 STED super-resolution nanoscopy. The time-lapse 3D confocal imaging and time-lapse STED super-resolution imaging were then designed to study the complex physiological functions of LDs. Results: Featuring with the advantages of the super-photostability, high LDs selectivity, long fluorescence lifetime and low STED saturation intensity, the fluorescent probe Lipi-QA was capable of the long-term time-lapse three-dimensional (3D) confocal imaging to in-situ monitor LDs in 3D space and the time-lapse STED super-resolution imaging (up to 500 STED frames) to track the dynamics of LDs with nanoscale resolution (37 nm). Conclusions: Based on the state-of-the-art fluorescence imaging results, some new biological insights into LDs have been successfully provided. For instance, the long-term time-lapse 3D confocal imaging has surely answered an important and controversial question that the number of LDs would significantly decrease rather than increase upon starvation stimulation; the time-lapse STED super-resolution imaging with the highest resolution has impressively uncovered the fission process of nanoscale LDs for the first time; the starvation-induced change of LDs in size and in speed has been further revealed at nanoscale by the STED super-resolution imaging. All of these results not only highlight the utility of the newly developed fluorescent probe but also significantly promote the biological study of LDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Chenguang Wang, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. ; Geyu Lu, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Xishuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Chenguang Wang, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China. ; Geyu Lu, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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37
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Bisogno S, Gąsior Ł, Ptak GE. Nile Red and BODIPY Staining of Lipid Droplets in Mouse Oocytes and Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2566:205-212. [PMID: 36152253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2675-7_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular structures composed of hydrophobic lipids. Their amount in oocytes and embryos varies among the mammalian species and even among different strains of the same species. Here we describe a method to stain LDs, which can be applied to previously fixed mouse oocytes and embryos. This method is based on fluorescent dyes, Nile red and BODIPY, which allow visualization and quantification of LDs using conventional and confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bisogno
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Gąsior
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna E Ptak
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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38
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Purevsuren K, Shibuta Y, Shiozaki S, Tsunoda M, Mizukami K, Tobita S, Yoshihara T. Blue-emitting lipid droplet probes based on coumarin dye for multi-color imaging of living cells and fatty livers of mice. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2023.114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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39
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Zhu X, Feng L, Cao S, Wang J, Niu G. Donor–Acceptor–Acceptor-Conjugated Dual-State Emissive Acrylonitriles: Investigating the Effect of Acceptor Unit Order and Biological Imaging. Org Lett 2022; 24:8305-8309. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Shandong 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Shixian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010021, P. R. China
| | - Guangle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, P. R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Shandong 215123, P. R. China
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40
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Pirone D, Sirico DG, Mugnano M, Del Giudice D, Kurelac I, Cavina B, Memmolo P, Miccio L, Ferraro P. Finding intracellular lipid droplets from the single-cell biolens' signature in a holographic flow-cytometry assay. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:5585-5598. [PMID: 36733743 PMCID: PMC9872869 DOI: 10.1364/boe.460204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, intracellular LDs have been discovered to play an important role in several pathologies. Therefore, detection of LDs would provide an in-demand diagnostic tool if coupled with flow-cytometry to give significant statistical analysis and especially if the diagnosis is made in full non-invasive mode. Here we combine the experimental results of in-flow tomographic phase microscopy with a suited numerical simulation to demonstrate that intracellular LDs can be easily detected through a label-free approach based on the direct analysis of the 2D quantitative phase maps recorded by a holographic flow cytometer. In fact, we demonstrate that the presence of LDs affects the optical focusing lensing features of the embracing cell, which can be considered a biological lens. The research was conducted on white blood cells (i.e., lymphocytes and monocytes) and ovarian cancer cells. Results show that the biolens properties of cells can be a rapid biomarker that aids in boosting the diagnosis of LDs-related pathologies by means of the holographic flow-cytometry assay for fast, non-destructive, and high-throughput screening of statistically significant number of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pirone
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technologies, University of Naples "Federico II", via Claudio 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
- contributed equally
| | - Daniele G Sirico
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
- DICMaPI, Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II", Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- contributed equally
| | - Martina Mugnano
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Danila Del Giudice
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Ivana Kurelac
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Centro di Studio e Ricerca (CSR) sulle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Cavina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Centro di Studio e Ricerca (CSR) sulle Neoplasie Ginecologiche, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Memmolo
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Lisa Miccio
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "E. Caianiello", Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy
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Peng G, Dai J, Zhou R, Liu G, Liu X, Yan X, Liu F, Sun P, Wang C, Lu G. Highly Efficient Red/NIR-Emissive Fluorescent Probe with Polarity-Sensitive Character for Visualizing Cellular Lipid Droplets and Determining Their Polarity. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12095-12102. [PMID: 36006461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are ubiquitous organelles existing in almost all eukaryotic cells, have attracted a lot of attention in the field of cell biology over the last decade. For the biological study of LDs via fluorescence imaging, the superior LD fluorescent probes with environmental polarity-sensitive character are highly desired and powerful but are very scarce. Herein, we have newly developed such a kind of fluorescent probe named LDs-Red which enables us to visualize LDs and to further reveal their polarity information. This fluorescent probe displays the advantages of intense red/near-infrared emission, high LD staining specificity, and good photostability; thus, it would be very useful for LD fluorescence imaging application. As a result, the three-dimensional confocal imaging to visualize spatial distribution of LDs and the multicolor confocal imaging to simultaneously observe LDs and other cellular organelles have been realized using this new LD fluorescent probe. Furthermore, the polarity-sensitive emission character of this probe enables us to quantitatively determine the LD polarity via spectral scan imaging. Consequently, the cancer cells (HepG2, HeLa, and Panc02) displaying lower polarity of LDs than the normal cells (L929, U251, and HT22) have been systematically demonstrated. In addition, this polarity-sensitive probe displaying shorter fluorescence wavelengths in cancer cells than in normal cells has an important and potential ability to distinguish them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guishan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ri Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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42
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Tang Y, Song S, Peng J, Zhang Q, Lin W. An ultrasensitive lipid droplet-targeted NIR emission fluorescent probe for polarity detection and its application in liver disease diagnosis. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6974-6982. [PMID: 36000501 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01145j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compared to normal cells, cancer cells require more energy supply during proliferation and metabolism. In living cells, in addition to mitochondria, lipid droplets are also an important organelle for providing energy. Studies have shown that the number and distribution of lipid droplets change significantly during the production of lesions in cells. At this stage, the predisposing factors for the development of cellular lesions are not clear, thus leading to limitations in the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases such as liver injury, fatty liver, and hepatitis. To meet the urgent challenge, we used a near-infrared emission fluorescent probe SSR-LDs based on the intramolecular charge transfer effect (ICT) to detect polarity changes within intracellular lipid droplets. The probe SSR-LDs has ultra-sensitive polarity sensitivity, excellent chemical stability and photo-stability. In addition, by comparing normal and cancer cells through cell imaging experiments, we found that the robust probe has the ability to sensitively monitor the changes in lipid droplet polarity in the living cells. More importantly, using the constructed fluorescent probe, we have achieved an in vitro fluorescence detection of liver injury and fatty liver, and the detection of hepatitis at the in vivo level. The unique fluorescent probe SSR-LDs is expected to serve as a powerful tool for the medical diagnosis of diseases related to lipid droplet polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Sirui Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Juanjuan Peng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Weiying Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical Energy Materials, Institute of Optical Materials and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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43
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Hoang MD, Savina F, Durand P, Méallet-Renault R, Clavier G, Chevalier A. Tunable Naphthalimide/Cinnoline‐Fused (CinNapht) Hybrid Dyes for Fluorescence Imaging in Living Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Duc Hoang
- ICSN: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Chemical Biology FRANCE
| | - Farah Savina
- ISMO: Institut des Sciences Moleculaires d'Orsay SYSTEMAE FRANCE
| | - Philippe Durand
- ICSN: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Chemical Biology FRANCE
| | | | - Gilles Clavier
- ENS Paris-Saclay: Ecole Normale Superieure Paris-Saclay PPSM FRANCE
| | - Arnaud Chevalier
- ICSN: Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles Biological Chemistry 1 Avenue de la terrasse 91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette FRANCE
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44
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Paul S, Bhattacharya A, Hazra N, Gayen K, Sen P, Banerjee A. Yellow-Emitting Carbon Dots for Selective Fluorescence Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Living Cells. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:8829-8836. [PMID: 35819238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study shows a one-pot preparation of carbon dots by a solvothermal method in ethylene glycol. The carbon dots show yellow-colored fluorescence emission in water. The carbon dots showed distinct preference to be present in the hydrophobic environment which was evident from their efficient transfer from aqueous phase to organic phase. They were also found to locate themselves in the vesicle bilayer and micelle core. This inherent lipophilic character of these carbon dots has been successfully utilized for the selective imaging of lipid droplets inside the living cells. The selective imaging of lipid droplets was confirmed by similar staining patterns with other staining dyes and the starvation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Paul
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | | | - Niladri Hazra
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Kousik Gayen
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Prosenjit Sen
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Arindam Banerjee
- School of Biological Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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45
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Cao M, Zhu T, Zhao M, Meng F, Liu Z, Wang J, Niu G, Yu X. Structure Rigidification Promoted Ultrabright Solvatochromic Fluorescent Probes for Super-Resolution Imaging of Cytosolic and Nuclear Lipid Droplets. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10676-10684. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fanda Meng
- School of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Guangle Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
- Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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46
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Imaging of Lipid Droplets in Prostate Cells Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Multivariate Analysis. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8899-8908. [PMID: 35699644 PMCID: PMC9244870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Hyperspectral stimulated
Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a
powerful imaging modality for the analysis of biological systems.
Here, we report the application of k-means cluster
analysis (KMCA) of multi-wavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber
region of the Raman spectrum as a robust and reliable method for the
segmentation of cellular organelles based on the intrinsic SRS spectrum.
KMCA has been applied to the study of the endogenous lipid biochemistry
of prostate cancer and prostate healthy cell models, while the corresponding
SRS spectrum of the lipid droplet (LD) cluster enabled direct comparison
of their composition. The application of KMCA in visualizing the LD
content of prostate cell models following the inhibition of de novo
lipid synthesis (DNL) using the acetyl-coA carboxylase inhibitor,
5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid (TOFA), is demonstrated. This method
identified a reliance of prostate cancer cell models upon DNL for
metabolic requirements, with a significant reduction in the cellular
LD content after treatment with TOFA, which was not observed in normal
prostate cell models. SRS imaging combined with KMCA is a robust method
for investigating drug–cell interactions in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K
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47
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Jung Y, Jin JH, Kim Y, Oh JH, Moon H, Jeong H, Kim J, Park YK, Oh Y, Park S, Kim D. Development of a fluorescent nanoprobe based on an amphiphilic single-benzene-based fluorophore for lipid droplet detection and its practical applications. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5423-5433. [PMID: 35758412 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00830k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are crucial biological organelles connected with metabolic pathways in biological systems and diseases. To monitor the locations and accumulation of LDs in lipid-related diseases, the development of a visualization tool for LDs has gained importance. In particular, LD visualization using fluorescent probes has gained attention. Herein, a new fluorescent nanoprobe, BMeS-Ali, is developed that can sense LDs based on an amphiphilic single benzene-based fluorophore (SBBF). BMeS-Ali consists of hydrophilic (-NH2) and hydrophobic (-C12H25) moieties and exists as a micelle nanostructure in aqueous media. BMeS-Ali has a weak fluorescence, but its emission was dramatically enhanced upon exposure to the LD components such as oleic acids (OA) by reassembling its nano-formulation. BMeS-Ali showed a selective LD staining ability and great biocompatibility in cells (cancer cells and stem cells). It also showed a practical sensing ability towards biologically derived lipids and can be applied to the visualization of human fingerprints. We found that the nanoprobe BMeS-Ali has significant potential to serve as a practical dye and sensor for lipids, especially for LD imaging in the biomedical research area and broader industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hye Jin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngseo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Heechang Moon
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Huisu Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon Kyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yohan Oh
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Sungnam Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea. .,Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.,KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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48
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Leitner N, Hlavaty J, Heider S, Ertl R, Gabriel C, Walter I. Lipid droplet dynamics in healthy and pyometra-affected canine endometrium. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:221. [PMID: 35689217 PMCID: PMC9188128 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) was recently observed in pyometra-affected uteri. As data about their nature and function are missing we intended to compare the localization, quality and quantity of LDs in canine healthy and pyometra-affected tissues and in an in vitro model. METHODS AND RESULTS We characterized LDs in healthy and pyometra uterine tissue samples as well as in canine endometrial epithelial cells (CEECs) in vitro by means of histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, transmission electron microscopy, western blot, and RT-qPCR. Oil Red O (ORO) staining and quantification as well as p-phenylenediamine staining showed a higher number of LDs in epithelial cells of pyometra samples. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the amount of LDs coated by perilipin2 (PLIN2) protein was also higher in pyometra samples. Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase of LD size in surface and glandular epithelial cells of pyometra samples. In cell culture experiments with CEECs, supplementation with oleic acid alone or in combination with cholesterol lead to an increased LD accumulation. The expression of PLIN2 at protein and mRNA level was also higher upon oleic acid supplementation. Most LDs were double positive for ORO and PLIN2. However, ORO positive LDs lacking PLIN2 coating or LDs positive for PLIN2 but containing a lipid class not detectable by ORO staining were identified. CONCLUSIONS We found differences in the healthy and pyometra-affected endometrium with respect to LDs size. Moreover, several kinds of LDs seem to be present in the canine endometrium. In vitro studies with CEECs could show their responsiveness to external lipids. Since epithelial cells reacted only to oleic acid stimulation, we assume that the cyclic lipid accumulation in the canine endometrium is based mainly on triglycerides and might serve as energy provision for the developing early embryo. Further studies are necessary to verify the complex role of lipids in the healthy and pyometra-affected canine endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Leitner
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Juraj Hlavaty
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Heider
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Ertl
- VetCORE Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Gabriel
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- Institute of Morphology, Working Group Histology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria. .,VetCORE Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210, Vienna, Austria.
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49
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Highly lipophilic coumarin fluorophore with excimer-monomer transition property for lipid droplet imaging. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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50
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Doloczki S, Holmberg KO, Fdez Galván I, Swartling FJ, Dyrager C. Photophysical characterization and fluorescence cell imaging applications of 4- N-substituted benzothiadiazoles. RSC Adv 2022; 12:14544-14550. [PMID: 35702197 PMCID: PMC9101220 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a series of fluorescent 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives with various N-substituents in the 4-position was synthesized and photophysically characterized in various solvents. Three compounds emerged as excellent fluorescent probes for imaging lipid droplets in cancer cells. A correlation between their high lipophilicity and lipid droplet specificity could be found, with log P ≥ 4 being characteristic for lipid droplet accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Doloczki
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Karl O Holmberg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University 75185 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ignacio Fdez Galván
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Fredrik J Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University 75185 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry - BMC, Uppsala University Box 576 75123 Uppsala Sweden
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