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López-García S, Sánchez-Bautista S, García-Bernal D, Lozano A, Forner L, Sanz JL, Murcia L, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Premixed calcium silicate-based ceramic sealers promote osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells: A microscopy study. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1584-1597. [PMID: 38433562 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of premixed calcium silicate based ceramic sealers on the viability and osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). The materials evaluated were TotalFill BC Sealer (TFbc), AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbc), and Neosealer Flo (Neo). Standardized discs and 1:1, 1:2, and 1:4 eluates of the tested materials were prepared. The following in vitro experiments were carried out: ion release, cell metabolic activity 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, cell migration, immunofluorescence experiment, cell attachment, gene expression, and mineralization assay. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (p < .05). Increased Ca2+ release was detected in TFbc compared to AHPbc and Neo (*p < .05). Biological assays showed a discrete cell metabolic activity and cell migration in Neo-treated cell, whereas scanning electronic microscopy assay exhibited that TFbc group had a better cell adhesion process of substrate attachment, spreading, and cytoskeleton development on the niche-like structures of the cement than AHPbc and Neo. The sealers tested were able to induce overexpression of the CEMP-1, ALP, and COL1A1 genes in the first days of exposure, particularly in the case of TFbc (***p < .001). All materials tested significantly increased the mineralization of hPDLSCs when compared to the negative control, although more pronounced calcium deposition was observed in the TFbc-treated cells (***p < .001). Our results suggested that TFbc promotes cell differentiation, both by increasing the expression of key osteo/odontogenic genes and by promoting mineralization of the extracellular matrix, whereas this phenomenon was less evident in Neo and AHPbc. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: TFbc group had a better cell adhesion process of substrate attachment, spreading, and cytoskeleton development on the niche-like structures of the cement than AHPbc and Neo. The sealers tested were able to induce overexpression of the CEMP-1, ALP, and COL1A1 genes in the first days of exposure, particularly in the case of TFbc. All materials tested significantly increased the mineralization of hPDLSCs when compared to the negative control, although more pronounced calcium deposition was observed in the TFbc-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio López-García
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - David García-Bernal
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, IMIB Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrián Lozano
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo Forner
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Murcia
- Department of Health Sciences, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, IMIB Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ricardo E Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, IMIB Pascual Parrilla, Murcia, Spain
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Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Sebastian S, El-Sayed W, Adtani P, Zaarour RF, Nandakumar A, Elemam RF, Eid B, Elsewify T. Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER flo bioceramic sealers. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:491-497. [PMID: 38939551 PMCID: PMC11205165 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_103_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Aim Evaluation of the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo bioceramic sealers compared to AH Plus resin sealer. Materials and Methods Modified direct contact test was used on three sets of sealers: Freshly mixed sealers, sealers that were 1-day old, and sealers that were 7-day old. After 24 h of incubation, the colony-forming units were digitally counted using Promega Colony Counter after 30 and 60 min of exposure to Enterococcus faecalis. For cytotoxic effect evaluation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed at three different time points: 24 h, 48 h, and 120 h after adding the sealer eluates to human gingival fibroblasts, to assess cell viability. Data were analyzed using mixed model analysis of variance followed by post hoc test. Results TotalFill bioceramic sealer showed the highest bacterial reduction against E. faecalis throughout all intervals. AH Plus showed great antibacterial activity initially which reduced drastically after 7 days. All the sealers showed a reduction in their antibacterial activity with time. TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo showed very high cell viability in contrast to AH Plus. Conclusion TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo demonstrate superior antimicrobial properties against E. faecalis which reduces with time. TotalFill and NeoSEALER Flo demonstrate acceptable biocompatibility against human gingival fibroblasts, which decreased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabatiny Sebastian
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Walid El-Sayed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, Suez Canal Univesity, Egypt
| | - Pooja Adtani
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | | | - Aswathy Nandakumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Ranya F. Elemam
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Bassem Eid
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
| | - Tarek Elsewify
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, UAE
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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Malta CP, Santi SS, Barcelos RCS, Zanatta FB, Bier CAS, Morgental RD. Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo animal studies and in vitro laboratory studies. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:345-359. [PMID: 38779200 PMCID: PMC11108423 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_24_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Objectives The aim was to determine whether premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better biological properties than AH Plus. Materials and Methods Searches of studies published up to January 2023 were performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE and EMBASE and via other methods (databases of the International Endodontic Journal, Journal of Endodontics, and gray literature). The inclusion criteria were in vivo animal and in vitro studies that analyzed the response in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of rats, cell viability, and genotoxicity. Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation Risk of Bias (RoB) tool for in vivo studies and modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro were appraised. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata. Results Fifty-two studies were included. In the RoB, in vivo studies fulfilled 20%-50% of the items and in vitro 60%-100%. The studies included in the meta-analysis demonstrated better histocompatibility with the premixed calcium silicate-based sealers at 30 days and greater cell viability with these sealers when used in undiluted extracts in experimental period of 72 h and in extracts with 1:2 and 1:4 dilution in 24 and 72 h. In contrast, no difference between materials was found concerning genotoxicity. Conclusion Premixed calcium silicate-based root canal sealers have better histocompatibility and are less cytotoxic than the epoxy resin-based sealer AH Plus, demonstrating favorable biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pereira Malta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Samantha Simoni Santi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Fabrício Batistin Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Azizi H, Hadad A, Levy DH, Ben Itzhak J, Kim HC, Solomonov M. Epoxy vs. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers for Different Clinical Scenarios: A Narrative Review. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:85. [PMID: 38667997 PMCID: PMC11048901 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to review the considerations for choosing a suitable sealer according to various endodontic scenarios. An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science was undertaken for the keywords of 'sealer choosing', 'appropriate sealer', 'suitable sealer', 'sealer for clinical scenario', and 'sealer for clinical situations'. However, the literature review revealed a lack of studies with practical clinical recommendations regarding the choice of appropriate endodontic root canal sealers for particular clinical situations of root canal treatment. Therefore, a narrative review was undertaken under the basis of the characteristics of an epoxy resin-based sealer (ERS) versus a calcium silicate-based sealer (CSS). Based on the evidence found through the review, the choice of an appropriate sealer in a variety of clinical scenarios was proposed. An ERS is recommended for one-visit non-vital cases, teeth with periodontal involvement, cracked teeth, and internal root resorption without root perforation. A CSS is recommended for vital or non-vital cases in multiple visits, teeth with internal root resorption with perforation or internal approach for external cervical resorption, teeth with open apices, and teeth with iatrogenic aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avi Hadad
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Henry Levy
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan 46241, Republic of Korea;
| | - Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- “Bina” Program, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Alchawoosh A, Hashimoto K, Kawashima N, Noda S, Nozaki K, Okiji T. Hydraulic calcium silicate-based root canal sealers mitigate proinflammatory cytokine synthesis and promote osteogenesis in vitro. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1731-1739. [PMID: 37799856 PMCID: PMC10547950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The mineralized tissue-inductive ability and anti-inflammatory properties of hydraulic calcium silicate-based (HCSB) sealers have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the HCSB sealers Bio-C sealer (BioC), Well-Root ST (WST), and EndoSequence BC sealer (BC), on osteoblastic differentiation/mineralization and proinflammatory cytokine synthesis by macrophages. Materials and methods Diluted extracts of set sealers or calcium chloride solutions of approximately equivalent Ca2+ concentrations were applied to a mouse osteoblastic cell line (Kusa-A1 cells) and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line (RAW264.7 cells). Expressions of osteoblastic markers in Kusa-A1 cells and proinflammatory cytokines in RAW264.7 cells were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mineralized nodules were detected by Alizarin red S staining. Cell proliferation was assessed by WST-8 assay and cell attachment on set sealers was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Results The three sealer extracts significantly upregulated osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA, and promoted significant mineralized nodule formation in Kusa-A1 cells. The three sealer extracts significantly downregulated the mRNA expressions of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. Calcium chloride solutions induced osteoblastic differentiation/mineralization. AH Plus Jet (a control sealer) extract did not. The three HCSB sealers did not interfere with the growth and attachment of Kusa-A1 cells. Conclusion BioC, WST, and BC were biocompatible, upregulated osteoblastic differentiation/mineralization, and downregulated proinflammatory cytokine expression. Ca2+ released from HCSB sealers might be involved, at least in part, in the induction of osteoblastic differentiation/mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Alchawoosh
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sonoko Noda
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Nozaki
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Boreak NM, Qadi MA, Khormi FH, Faqiri LM, Zaylai SO, Jad YA, Hamdi BA, Juraybi A. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate-based Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:610-619. [PMID: 38193186 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM This review aimed to evaluate the in vitro studies done with regard to the cytotoxicity associated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal sealers. BACKGROUND Root canal sealers are used during endodontic treatment as fillers to seal the gaps between the canal gutta-percha cone and canal walls. It is necessary to understand the cytotoxicity of these materials on human-derived cells as these materials interact with human cells periapically. REVIEW RESULTS Six in vitro studies were chosen for review. In these selected studies, along with MTA-based root canal sealers, other sealers were tested for cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells, human PDL fibroblasts, and human osteoblast cells. Regarding cytotoxicity, the studies were diverse, and most were based on 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. In general, the studies suggested that root canal sealers cause mild to severe cytotoxic effects and that several factors influence this effect, such as material setting time, concentration, and duration of exposure. CONCLUSION All studies in the review indicated that MTA. Fillapex must be used cautiously as it exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect compared to other MTA-based and non-MTA-based sealers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Endodontic sealers do serve the purpose of bridging the gaps between the gutta-percha cone and the canal wall but knowing its biocompatibility becomes important as the material is extruded beyond the apical foramen where it comes in contact with the surrounding tissues. The effect of sealers on the surrounding tissues affects the healing and prognosis of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Mohammed Boreak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 599016688, e-mail:
| | - Mazen Ahmed Qadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Hadi Khormi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luay Mutaen Faqiri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeem Omar Zaylai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Ali Jad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Ali Hamdi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asayil Juraybi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
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Shokrzadeh M, Motafeghi FS, Lotfizadeh A, Ghorbani M, Haddadi Kohsar A. Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4376579. [PMID: 37293576 PMCID: PMC10247329 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4376579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials, specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26). Materials and Methods In this experiment, the cytotoxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin red staining assay. Prism, ver.3, software was used to perform statistical tests. One-way analysis of variance analysis, followed by Tukey's test, was used to determine the group differences. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually (P < 0.0001). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P < 0.001). In terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two-calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity (P < 0.0001). Among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two-calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by Endoseal MTA was higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anahita Lotfizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Azam Haddadi Kohsar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Rebolledo S, Alcántara-Dufeu R, Luengo Machuca L, Ferrada L, Sánchez-Sanhueza GA. Real-time evaluation of the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based endodontic cements: An in vitro study. Clin Exp Dent Res 2023; 9:322-331. [PMID: 36866428 PMCID: PMC10098287 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An ideal filling material should hermetically seal the communication pathways between the canal system and surrounding tissues. Therefore, during the last few years, the development of obturation materials and techniques to create optimal conditions for the proper healing of apical tissues has been a focus of interest. The effects of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) on periodontal ligament cells have been investigated, and promising results have been obtained. To date, there are no reports in the literature that have evaluated the biocompatibility of CSCs using a real-time live cell system. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the real-time biocompatibility of CSCs with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). METHODOLOGY hPDLC were cultured with testing media of endodontic cements for 5 days: TotalFill-BC Sealer, BioRoot RCS, Tubli-Seal, AH Plus, MTA ProRoot, Biodentine, and TotalFill-BC RRM Fast Set Putty. Cell proliferation, viability, and morphology were quantified using real-time live cell microscopy with the IncuCyte S3 system. Data were analyzed using the one-way repeated measures (RM) analysis of variance multiple comparison test (p < .05). RESULTS Compared to the control group, cell proliferation in the presence of all cements was significantly affected at 24 h (p < .05). ProRoot MTA and Biodentine lead to an increase in cell proliferation; there were no significant differences with the control group at 120 h. In contrast, Tubli-Seal and TotalFill-BC Sealer inhibited cell growth in real-time and significantly increased cell death compared to all groups. hPDLC co-cultured with sealer and repair cements showed a spindle-shaped morphology except with cements Tubli-Seal and TotalFill-BC Sealer where smaller and rounder cells were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The biocompatibility of the endodontic repair cements performed better than the sealer cements, highlighting the cell proliferation of the ProRoot MTA and Biodentine in real-time. However, the calcium silicate-based TotalFill-BC Sealer presented a high percentage of cell death throughout the experiment similar to that obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rebolledo
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Raúl Alcántara-Dufeu
- Departamento de Odontología Restauradora, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luis Luengo Machuca
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Luciano Ferrada
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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Cui H, You Y, Cheng GW, Lan Z, Zou KL, Mai QY, Han YH, Chen H, Zhao YY, Yu GT. Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2156257. [PMID: 36632346 PMCID: PMC9828859 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2022.2156257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral disease, as a class of diseases with very high morbidity, brings great physical and mental damage to people worldwide. The increasing burden and strain on individuals and society make oral diseases an urgent global health problem. Since the treatment of almost all oral diseases relies on materials, the rapid development of advanced materials and technologies has also promoted innovations in the treatment methods and strategies of oral diseases. In this review, we systematically summarized the application strategies in advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases according to the etiology of the diseases and the comparison of new and old materials. Finally, the challenges and directions of future development for advanced materials and technologies in the treatment of oral diseases were refined. This review will guide the fundamental research and clinical translation of oral diseases for practitioners of oral medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan You
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wang Cheng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhou Lan
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Long Zou
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Ying Mai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hua Han
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yue Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Tao Yu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Bang JY, Youn KE, Kim RH, Song M. Effect of the amnion-chorion or collagen membrane as a matrix on the microenvironment during a regenerative endodontic procedure. J Endod 2022; 48:1285-1293.e2. [PMID: 35850299 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During regenerative endodontic procedures, the microenvironment of the canal is formed by the degree of disinfection and release of ions from the applied materials onto the top surface. This study aimed to characterize the effects of amnion-chorion membrane (ACM) and collagen membrane (CM) on pulp-dentin regeneration compared to calcium silicate cements (CSCs), focusing on cell migration, mineralization potential, anti-inflammation, and angiogenesis. METHODS Two CSCs and two membranes were used: ProRoot® MTA (PM; Dentsply, Tulsa, OK, USA), RetroMTA® (RM; BioMTA, Seoul, Korea), Collagen Membrane® (CM; Genoss, Suwon, Korea), and BioXclude® (ACM; Snoasis Medical, Colorado, USA). Transwell and scratch assays were used to evaluate cell migration and wound healing. Mineralization potential was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining, and quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the expression of marker genes. qRT-PCR was used to measure the levels of angiogenic genes and inflammatory mediators. An endothelial tube formation assay was used to assess angiogenesis. RESULTS The membranes showed superior migration and wound healing compared with CSCs. Except for RM, PM and the two membranes showed high ALP activity and mineralization nodule formation and upregulated mRNA expression of markers for mineralization. Membranes upregulated the mRNA of angiogenesis genes and increased the capillary tube formation of endothelial cells compared to CSCs. Furthermore, the membrane matrix decreased the expression of inflammatory genes. CONCLUSIONS CM and ACM showed prominent cell migration, angiogenesis, and healing effects against inflammation, as well as comparable mineralization potential compared to CSCs, recommending the use of membrane as a matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Bang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Youn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Reuben H Kim
- The Shapiro Family Laboratory of Viral Oncology and Aging Research, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Section of Restorative Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Minju Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea; Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea.
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12
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Özdemir O, Kopac T. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of root canal sealers: A review on recent studies. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221076325. [PMID: 35164598 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221076325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of endodontic root canal sealers have been employed for the purpose of filling voids and irregularities in root canals, as well as reducing/removing bacterial remnants/remains. Sealers are available in various formulations, and research work to find the most appropriate ones is still ongoing. Recently, many kinds of novel root canal sealers have been introduced under various commercial names. However, most sealers are known to exhibit different levels of cytotoxicity on tissues which would result in prolonged wound healing, inflammation, and bone resorption. Preferably, sealers need to have tolerable biological and physico-chemical properties along with biocompatibility. Additives promoting the biocompatibility and bioactivity of sealers are of major concern in clinical applications. The aim of this review was to compare, evaluate, and analyze comparatively the cytotoxic effects, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of recently used root canal sealers. A comprehensive literature search was made to identify their properties involving biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In general, the sealers reported in recent literature exhibited favorable biological features in comparison to conventional ones. They promoted better cell viability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of additives influences favorably the potential negative effects. However, it has been highlighted that there is a lack of well-designed long-term clinical applications, and more in vitro and in vivo research work would be helpful to confirm the sustainability of the sealers for further clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Özdemir
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Turkan Kopac
- Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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13
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Huang G, Liu SY, Wu JL, Qiu D, Dong YM. A novel bioactive glass-based root canal sealer in endodontics. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:217-224. [PMID: 35028041 PMCID: PMC8739251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Bioactive glass (BG), one type of bioceramics, shows similar or better characteristics to calcium silicate which has been regarded as a promising root filling material in endodontics. This study aimed to develop a novel BG-based root canal sealer for endodontics. Materials and methods The novel BG-based root canal sealer was composed of phytic acid derived bioactive calcium phosphosilicate glass named PSC mixed with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as powder, and phosphate solution (PS) dissolved with sodium alginate (SA) named PS-SA as liquid. Moreover, the physicochemical properties, mineralization, sealing ability and biocompatibility of the novel BG-based root canal sealer were evaluated. Results This study developed a novel BG-based sealer named BGS-SA-Zr which contained the powder of PSC and ZrO2 and the liquid of PS-SA. Results indicated that the flow, film thickness and radiopacity of BGS-SA-Zr conformed to ISO 6876:2012. The setting time and solubility of BGS-SA-Zr were 53.7 ± 1.5 min and 21.46 ± 0.54%, respectively. The pH value of the simulated body fluid (SBF) immersed with BGS-SA-Zr raised slightly up to 7.70. The CCK-8 assay indicated that BGS-SA-Zr had no cytotoxic effects on MG-63 cells. After immersion in SBF for 4 weeks, dense hydroxyapatite crystals were observed on the surface of BGS-SA-Zr. Furthermore, there was no difference in the sealing ability between BGS-SA-Zr and the bioceramic sealer iRoot SP whether setting at 1 day or immersed in SBF for 4 weeks (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that the novel BG-based sealer may be a promising sealer for endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji-Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
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14
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Pedrosa MDS, Alves T, Nogueira FN, Holzhausen M, Sipert CR. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production by calcium silicate-based materials on periodontal ligament stem cells. Braz Dent J 2021; 32:65-74. [PMID: 34755791 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of three commercial calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on cytotoxicity and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Culture of hPDLSCs was established and characterized. Extracts of Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and PBS Cimmo HP (Cimmo Soluções em Saúde, Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil) were prepared by placing cement specimens (5 x 3 mm) in culture medium. Then, the extracts were serially two-fold diluted (1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16) and inserted into the cell-seeded wells for 24, 48 and 72 h for MTT assays. TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines were quantified by ELISA at 24h-cell supernatants. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). All CSBM exhibited some cytotoxicity that varied according to extract concentration and time of evaluation. MTA Fillapex presented the highest cytotoxic effects with significant reduction of metabolic activity/cell viability when compared to Bio-C Sealer and Cimmo HP®. TNF-α was significantly upregulated by the three tested cements (p < 0.05) while only MTA Fillapex significantly upregulated IL-10 in comparison to control. Taken collectively, the results showed that PBS Cimmo HP®, Bio-C Sealer and MTA Fillapex present mild and transient cytotoxicity and slightly induced TNF-α production. MTA Fillapex upregulated IL-10 release by hPDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlus da Silva Pedrosa
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tomaz Alves
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Neves Nogueira
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marinella Holzhausen
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, Discipline of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Renata Sipert
- University of São Paulo - USP, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Sanz JL, Guerrero-Gironés J, Pecci-Lloret MP, Pecci-Lloret MR, Melo M. Biological interactions between calcium silicate-based endodontic biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells: A systematic review of in vitro studies. Int Endod J 2021; 54:2025-2043. [PMID: 34338339 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, the biological interactions, that is cytocompatibility, cell differentiation and mineralization potential, between calcium silicate-based biomaterials and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have been studied at an in vitro level, in order to predict their clinical behaviour during endodontic procedures involving direct contact with periodontal tissues, namely root canal treatment, endodontic surgery and regenerative endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to present a qualitative synthesis of available in vitro studies assessing the biological interaction of PDLSCs and calcium silicate-based biomaterials. METHODOLOGY The present review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An advanced database search was performed in Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and SciELO on 1 July 2020 and last updated on 22 April 2021. Studies assessing the biological interactions of PDLSCs with calcium silicate-based sealers (CSSs) and/or cements (CSCs) at an in vitro level were considered for inclusion. The evaluation of the 'biological interaction' was defined as any assay or test on the cytotoxicity, cytocompatibility, cell plasticity or differentiation potential, and bioactive properties of PDLSCs cultured in CSC or CSS-conditioned media. Quality (risk of bias) was assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist for in vitro studies of dental materials. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included for the qualitative synthesis. CSCs and CSSs, as a group of endodontic materials, exhibit adequate cytocompatibility and favour the osteo/cementogenic differentiation and mineralization potential of PDLSCs, as evidenced from the in vitro studies included in the present systematic review. DISCUSSION The influence of the compositional differences, inclusion of additives, sample preparation, and varying conditions and manipulations on the biological properties of calcium silicate-based materials remain a subject for future research. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of the in vitro nature of the included studies, this work supports the potential use of calcium silicate-based endodontic materials in stem cell therapy and biologically based regenerative endodontic procedures. REGISTRATION OSF Registries; https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/SQ9UY.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Sanz
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Julia Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel R Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Melo
- Departament d'Estomatologia, Facultat de Medicina I Odontologia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Park MG, Kim IR, Kim HJ, Kwak SW, Kim HC. Physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of newly developed calcium silicate-based sealers. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:512-519. [PMID: 33894082 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the physical properties and cytocompatibility of contemporary calcium silicate-based sealers. Four calcium silicate-based sealers (BrightEndo MTA sealer, CeraSeal, EndoSeal TCS and One-Fil) were compared to an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus). Flow, setting time, radiopacity and dimensional change were evaluated according to ISO 6876 standards. Cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (hPDLF) cells was compared for biological properties using MTT assay. The surface of the sealer was analysed using scanning electron microscopy to evaluate cell attachment. Flow and radiopacity of all sealers met ISO standards, while setting time and dimensional stability did not meet the ISO standards. Calcium silicate-based sealers showed favourable cytocompatibility, and hPDLF cells were well attached to the calcium silicate-based sealers. Calcium silicate-based sealers have clinically acceptable flow and radiopacity, and cytocompatibility. However, these sealers had longer setting time and higher dimensional change than those required by ISO 6876.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Gyu Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Oral Physiology, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Won Kwak
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan, Korea.,Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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17
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Pérez-Serrano RM, Soza-Bolaños AI, Castillo-Valdés SN, Hernández-Valdez G, Mora-Izaguirre O, González-Dávalos ML, Dammaschke T, Domínguez-Pérez RA. Endodontic set sealer eluates promote cytokine production in human mononuclear and periodontal ligament cells. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:415-422. [PMID: 33650775 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic freshly mixed sealers display toxic effects; however, these are significantly reduced and most become relatively inert in the set state but there is no information about the possible inflammatory reaction promoted by them. Four contemporary and different formulated endodontic set sealers (MTA Fillapex, BioRoot RCS, AH Plus, and Pulp Canal Sealer) were evaluated. Human periodontal ligament cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All endodontic set sealer eluates promoted a similar production (P ˃ 0.05) of the four cytokines. However, their concentrations decreased within a short time period to nearly undetectable concentrations after 24 h, suggesting that the studied endodontic set sealers do not possess inflammatory properties which has favoured their long-term use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Pérez-Serrano
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ana I Soza-Bolaños
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Samantha N Castillo-Valdés
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Valdez
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Till Dammaschke
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Rubén A Domínguez-Pérez
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico
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18
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Jamali S, Darvish M, Nasrabadi N, Jafarizadeh S. Evaluation of the Effect of the Intensity and Occurrence of Postoperative Pain of Resin-Based and Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial Studies. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Oh H, Kim E, Lee S, Park S, Chen D, Shin SJ, Kim E, Kim S. Comparison of Biocompatibility of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers and Epoxy Resin-Based Sealer on Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225242. [PMID: 33233519 PMCID: PMC7699603 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of calcium silicate-based sealers (CeraSeal and EndoSeal TCS) and epoxy resin-based sealer (AH-Plus) in terms of cell viability, inflammatory response, expression of mesenchymal phenotype, osteogenic potential, cell attachment, and morphology, of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). hPDLSCs were acquired from the premolars (n = 4) of four subjects, whose ages extended from 16 to 24 years of age. Flow cytometry analysis showed stemness of hPDLSCs was maintained in all materials. In cell viability test, AH-Plus showed the lowest cell viability, and CeraSeal showed significantly higher cell viability than others. In ELISA test, AH-Plus showed higher expression of IL-6 and IL-8 than calcium silicate-based sealers. In an osteogenic potential test, AH-Plus showed a lower expression level than other material; however, EndoSeal TCS showed a better expression level than others. All experiments were repeated at least three times per cell line. Scanning electronic microscopy studies showed low degree of cell proliferation on AH-Plus, and high degree of cell proliferation on calcium silicate-based sealers. In this study, calcium silicate-based sealers appear to be more biocompatible and less cytotoxic than epoxy-resin based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanseul Oh
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Egan Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Sukjoon Lee
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Soyeon Park
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Dongzi Chen
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
| | - Su-Jung Shin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Gangnam Severance Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 211 Eonju-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
- BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University College of Engineering, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sunil Kim
- Microscope Center, Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Science Research Center, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (H.O.); (E.K.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2228-3148
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20
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Jo SB, Kim HK, Lee HN, Kim YJ, Dev Patel K, Campbell Knowles J, Lee JH, Song M. Physical Properties and Biofunctionalities of Bioactive Root Canal Sealers In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1750. [PMID: 32899641 PMCID: PMC7559325 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Calcium silicate-based bioactive glass has received significant attention for use in various biomedical applications due to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. However, the bioactivity of calcium silicate nanoparticle-incorporated bioactive dental sealer is not much explored. Herein, three commercially available bioactive root canal sealers (Endoseal MTA (EDS), Well-Root ST (WST), and Nishika Canal Sealer BG (NBG)) were compared with a resin-based control sealer (AH Plus (AHP)) in terms of physical, chemical, and biological properties. EDS and NBG showed 200 to 400 nm and 100 to 200 nm nanoparticle incorporation in the SEM image, respectively, and WST and NBG showed mineral deposition in Hank's balanced salt solution after 28 days. The flowability and film thickness of all products met the ISO 3107 standard. Water contact angle, linear dimensional changes, and calcium and silicate ion release were significantly different among groups. All bioactive root canal sealers released calcium ions, while NBG released ~10 times more silicon ions than the other bioactive root canal sealers. Under the cytocompatible extraction range, NBG showed prominent cytocompatibility, osteogenecity, and angiogenecity compared to other sealers in vitro. These results indicate that calcium silicate nanoparticle incorporation in dental sealers could be a potential strategy for dental periapical tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Bin Jo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.N.L.)
| | - Hae Nim Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.N.L.)
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Kapil Dev Patel
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jonathan Campbell Knowles
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HH, UK
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6HH, UK
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minju Song
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (S.B.J.); (Y.-J.K.); (K.D.P.); (J.C.K.)
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Cheonan 31116, Korea; (H.K.K.); (H.N.L.)
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21
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Sanz JL, López-García S, Lozano A, Pecci-Lloret MP, Llena C, Guerrero-Gironés J, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Forner L. Microstructural composition, ion release, and bioactive potential of new premixed calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers indicated for warm vertical compaction technique. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1451-1462. [PMID: 32651645 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the microstructural composition, ion release, cytocompatibility, and mineralization potential of Bio-C Sealer ION+ (BCI) and EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow (BCHiF), compared with AH Plus (AHP), in contact with human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The sealers' ionic composition and release were assessed using energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. For the biological assays, hPDLCs were isolated from third molars, and sealer extracts were prepared (undiluted, 1:2, and 1:4 ratios). An MTT assay, wound-healing assay, and cell morphology and adhesion analysis were performed. Activity-related gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and mineralization potential was assessed using Alizarin Red staining (ARS). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (α < 0.05). RESULTS The three sealers exhibited variable levels of silicon, calcium, zirconium, and tungsten release and in their composition. Both BCI and BCHiF groups showed positive results in cytocompatibility assays, unlike AHP. The BCHiF group showed an upregulation of CAP (p < 0.01), CEMP1, ALP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001) compared with the negative control, while the BCI group showed an upregulation of CEMP1 (p < 0.01), CAP, and RUNX2 (p < 0.001). Both groups also exhibited a greater mineralization potential than the negative and positive controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The calcium silicate-based sealers considered in the present in vitro study exhibited a high calcium ion release, adequate cytocompatibility, upregulated osteo/cementogenic gene expression, and increased mineralized nodule formation in contact with hPDLCs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE From a biological perspective, BCI and BCHiF could be clinically suitable for root canal filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Sanz
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - S López-García
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A Lozano
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - M P Pecci-Lloret
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - C Llena
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guerrero-Gironés
- Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - F J Rodríguez-Lozano
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, Virgen de la Arrixaca Clinical University Hospital, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain. .,Department of Dermatology, Stomatology, Radiology and Physical Medicine, Morales Meseguer Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
| | - L Forner
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, 46010, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Washio A, Morotomi T, Yoshii S, Kitamura C. Bioactive Glass-Based Endodontic Sealer as a Promising Root Canal Filling Material without Semisolid Core Materials. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12233967. [PMID: 31795433 PMCID: PMC6926972 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic treatment for a tooth with damaged dental pulp aims to both prevent and cure apical periodontitis. If the tooth is re-infected as a result of a poorly obturated root canal, periapical periodontitis may set-in due to invading bacteria. To both avoid any re-infection and improve the success rate of endodontic retreatment, a treated root canal should be three-dimensionally obturated with a biocompatible filling material. Recently, bioactive glass, one of the bioceramics, is focused on the research area of biocompatible biomaterials for endodontics. Root canal sealers derived from bioactive glass-based have been developed and applied in clinical endodontic treatments. However, at present, there is little evidence about the patient outcomes, sealing mechanism, sealing ability, and removability of the sealers. Herein, we have developed a bioactive glass-based root canal sealer and provided evidence concerning its physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, sealing ability, and removability. We also review the classification of bioceramics and characteristics of bioactive glass. Additionally, we describe the application of bioactive glass to facilitate the development of a new root canal sealer. Furthermore, this review shows the potential application of bioactive glass-based cement as a root canal filling material in the absence of semisolid core material.
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Comparative Cytocompatibility and Mineralization Potential of Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12193087. [PMID: 31546696 PMCID: PMC6804055 DOI: 10.3390/ma12193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the cytocompatibility and mineralization potential of two premixed hydraulic endodontic sealers compared with an epoxy resin-based root canal sealer. The cellular responses and mineralization capacity were studied in human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) that were exposed to premixed hydraulic sealers, Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrína, PR, Brazil), TotalFill BC Sealer (FKG Dentaire SA, La-Chaux-de-fonds, Switzerland) and an epoxy resin-based material, AH Plus (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany). Non-exposed cultures served as the control. The endodontic sealers were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX). Statistical analyses were done using Analisis of Variance (ANOVA), with Bonferroni adjusted pairwise comparison (p = 0.05). AH Plus reduced cell viability and cell migration, whereas increased cell viability and cell migration were observed in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer (p < 0.05). The lowest cell attachment and spreading were observed for all concentrations of AH Plus, whereas the highest were observed for TotalFill BC Sealer. At the end of 21 days, only the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer supported matrix mineralization (p < 0.05). Additionally, SEM-EDX revealed high content of calcium, oxygen, and silicon in the Bio-C Sealer and the TotalFill BC Sealer. Based on the results from this study, Bio-C Sealer and TotalFill BC Sealer demonstrated better cytocompatibility in terms of cell viability, migration, cell morphology, cell attachment, and mineralization capacity than AH Plus.
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