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Abdelatty RH, Radwan AB, Youssef K, Ijaz MF, Abdul Shakoor R. Effect of AlN on the Mechanical and Electrochemical Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3258. [PMID: 38998342 PMCID: PMC11242719 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In the present investigation, aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMs) reinforced with aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticulates at different volumetric ratios of (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 vol.%) were manufactured via a microwave-assisted powder metallurgy technique. The morphological, physical, mechanical, and electrochemical properties of the produced billets were examined to reflect the impact of the successive addition of AlN into the aluminum (Al) matrix. The morphological analysis revealed the high crystalline patterns of the formation of the Al-AlN composites. The microstructural analysis confirmed the presence of the elemental constituents of Al and AlN particles in the fabricated composites, showing an enhanced degree of agglomeration in conjunction with the additional amount of AlN. Positive behavior exhibited by the micro- and nanohardness was noticeable in the Al-AlN composites, especially at the ultimate concentration of AlN in the Al matrix of a 2 vol.%, where it reached 669.4 ± 28.1 MPa and 659.1 ± 11 MPa compared to the pure Al metal at 441.2 ± 20 MPa and 437.5 ± 11 MPa, respectively. A declining trend in the compressive strength was recorded in the reinforced Al samples. The corrosion resistance of the AlN-reinforced Al metal matrix was estimated at 3.5 wt.% NaCl using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The results reveal that the inclusion of 2.0 vol.%AlN led to the lowest corrosion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rokaya H Abdelatty
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Materials Science and Technology Graduate Program, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | | | - Khaled Youssef
- Materials Science and Technology Graduate Program, Department of Physics and Materials Science, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Muhammad Farzik Ijaz
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Abdul Shakoor
- Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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Iqbal AKMA, Harcen CS, Haque M. Graphene (GNP) reinforced 3D printing nanocomposites: An advanced structural perspective. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28771. [PMID: 38576547 PMCID: PMC10990871 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The influence of macro-micro structural design on the mechanical response of structural nanocomposites is substantial. The advancement of additive manufacturing especially three-dimensional (3-D) printing technology offers a promising avenue for the efficient and precise fabrication of multi-functional low-weight and high-strength nanocomposites. In contemporary discourse, there is a notable emphasis on carbon-based nanomaterials as nanofillers for structural composites due to their substantial specific surface area and exceptional load-bearing ability in mechanical structures. Notably, graphene, a distinctive two-dimensional (2-D) nanomaterial, exhibits very large elastic modulus and ultimate strength as well as remarkable plasticity. The utilization of graphene nanoparticles (GNPs) in the field of 3-D printing enables the production of intricate three-dimensional structures of varying sizes and configurations. This is achieved through the macro-assembly process, which facilitates the creation of a well-organized distribution of graphene and the establishment of a comprehensive physical network through precise micro-regulation. This paper presents an overview of multiscale structural composites that are strengthened by the incorporation of graphene and prepared by 3-D printing. The composites discussed in this study encompass graphene-polymer composites, graphene-ceramic composites, and graphene-metal composites. Furthermore, an analysis of the present obstacles and potential future advancements in this rapidly expanding domain is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- AKM Asif Iqbal
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199, Taikang East Road, Yinzhou, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Clement Stefano Harcen
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199, Taikang East Road, Yinzhou, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Mainul Haque
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Yinzhou, Ningbo 315100, China
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Li J, Peng R, Ru J, Wu J, Zhou K, Yan Y, Xu X, Zhou Y. Effects of Chromium Carbide Coatings on Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Mg/Diamond Composites Prepared by Squeeze Casting. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041284. [PMID: 35207826 PMCID: PMC8875996 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium matrix composites are considered a desired solution for lightweight applications. As an attractive thermal management material, diamond particle-reinforced Mg matrix (Mg/diamond) composites generally exhibit thermal conductivities lower than expected. To exploit the potential of heat conduction, a combination of Cr coating on diamond particles and squeeze casting was used to prepare Mg/diamond (Cr) composites. The thickness of the Cr coating under different coating processes (950 °C/30 min, 950 °C/60 min, 950 °C/90 min, 1000 °C/30 min, and 1050 °C/30 min) was measured by FIB-SEM to be 1.09–2.95 μm. The thermal conductivity (TC) of the Mg/diamond composites firstly increased and then decreased, while the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of Mg/diamond (Cr) composite firstly decreased and then increased with the increase in Cr coating thickness. The composite exhibited the maximum TC of 202.42 W/(m·K) with a 1.20 μm Cr coating layer, while a minimum CTE of 5.82 × 10−6/K was recorded with a coating thickness of 2.50 μm. The results clearly manifest the effect of Cr layer thickness on the TC and CTE of Mg/diamond composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.L.); (R.P.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Ren Peng
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.L.); (R.P.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Jinming Ru
- Jones PLC Tech Yixing, Tengfei Road, Yixing 21420, China;
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.L.); (R.P.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Yongxin Yan
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.L.); (R.P.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.L.); (R.P.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.)
| | - Yuhua Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Manufacturing and Modern Equipment Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (J.L.); (R.P.); (K.Z.); (Y.Y.); (X.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Opálek A, Emmer Š, Čička R, Beronská N, Oslanec P, Kováčik J. Structure and Thermal Expansion of Cu-90 vol. % Graphite Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14227089. [PMID: 34832491 PMCID: PMC8624432 DOI: 10.3390/ma14227089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Copper-graphite composites are promising functional materials exhibiting application potential in electrical equipment and heat exchangers, due to their lower expansion coefficient and high electrical and thermal conductivities. Here, copper-graphite composites with 10-90 vol. % graphite were prepared by hot isostatic pressing, and their microstructure and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were experimentally examined. The CTE decreased with increasing graphite volume fraction, from 17.8 × 10-6 K-1 for HIPed pure copper to 4.9 × 10-6 K-1 for 90 vol. % graphite. In the HIPed pure copper, the presence of cuprous oxide was detected by SEM-EDS. In contrast, Cu-graphite composites contained only a very small amount of oxygen (OHN analysis). There was only one exception, the composite with 90 vol. % graphite contained around 1.8 wt. % water absorbed inside the structure. The internal stresses in the composites were released during the first heating cycle of the CTE measurement. The permanent prolongation and shape of CTE curves were strongly affected by composition. After the release of internal stresses, the CTE curves of composites did not change any further. Finally, the modified Schapery model, including anisotropy and the clustering of graphite, was used to model the dependence of CTE on graphite volume fraction. Modeling suggested that the clustering of graphite via van der Waals bonds (out of hexagonal plane) is the most critical parameter and significantly affects the microstructure and CTE of the Cu-graphite composites when more than 30 vol. % graphite is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Opálek
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.B.); (P.O.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Štefan Emmer
- IVMA STU, Vazovova 5, 812 43 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Roman Čička
- Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology, Jána Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Naďa Beronská
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.B.); (P.O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Peter Oslanec
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.B.); (P.O.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Jaroslav Kováčik
- Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 13 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.B.); (P.O.J.); (J.K.)
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Influence of Nanoscale Inhomogeneity Incorporating Interface Effect on Crack Nucleation at Intersection of Twin and Grain Boundary in Nanocomposite. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216718. [PMID: 34772256 PMCID: PMC8588319 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nanocracks can generate at the intersection of the deformation twin and grain boundary (GB). A mathematical model is built to study the nanoinhomogeneity effect on nanocrack nucleation and propagation in the nanocrystalline matrix. The boundary condition at the interface between the nanoinhomogeneity and the matrix is modified by incorporating the interface effect. The influence of the nanoinhomogeneity shear modulus, the nanoinhomogeneity radius, the nanoinhomogeneity position, the interface effect, and the external stress on the nanocrack nucleation and propagation is investigated in detail. The results indicate that the stiff nanoinhomogeneity suppresses nanocrack nucleation and propagation and thereby improves the tensile ductility of nanocomposites without loss of their predominantly high strength. Both the positive interface residual tension and interface elastic constants suppress nanocrack nucleation and propagation, while the negative interface residual tension and interface elastic constants promote nanocrack nucleation and propagation. Furthermore, the effect of interface residual tension is rather significant. The interface elastic constants have a weak effect on nanocrack nucleation and propagation.
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Chen X, Zhao L, Jiang L, Wang H. Microstructures and Properties of Cu-rGO Composites Prepared by Microwave Sintering. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14174899. [PMID: 34500989 PMCID: PMC8432697 DOI: 10.3390/ma14174899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of microwave sintering on the microstructures and properties of copper-rGO composites. Graphene oxide was coated onto copper particles by wet ball milling, and copper-rGO composites were formed upon microwave sintering in an argon atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy was then used to observe the mixing in the ball-milled composite powder, and the morphology of the bulk composite after microwave sintering. Raman spectra revealed how graphene oxide changed with ball milling and with microwave sintering. The microhardness, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity of the composite were also measured. The results showed that graphene oxide and copper particles were well combined and uniformly distributed after wet ball milling. The overall microhardness of microwave-sintered samples was 81.1 HV, which was 14.2% greater than that of pure copper (71 HV). After microwave sintering, the microhardness of the samples in areas showing copper oxide precipitates with eutectic structures was 89.5 HV, whereas the microhardness of the precipitate-free areas was 70.6 HV. The electrical conductivity of the samples was 87.10 IACS%, and their thermal conductivity was 391.62 W·m−1·K−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, The NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Liwu Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-010-62181950 (H.W.)
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metal Materials Characterization, The NCS Testing Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100081, China;
- Correspondence: (L.J.); (H.W.); Tel.: +86-010-62181950 (H.W.)
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Sayedain SS, Ekrami A, Badrossamay M. Production and characterization of Ti6Al4V/CaP nanocomposite powder for powder-based additive manufacturing systems. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Development and Mechanical Characterisation of Al6061-Al2O3-Graphene Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5060155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
MMC based on aluminium (Al) were produced for light-weight applications especially in aviation and automobile areas. Present paper deals with the fabrication and mechanical performance of AA6061 matrix composites fortified with Al2O3 (alumina) and graphene particulates. Fluid metallurgy method namely stir casting route was employed for fabricating the hybrid composites. Al2O3p and graphene powder are mixed in different weight fractions in which graphene (1 wt. %) particle reinforcement is held consistent and Al2O3 reinforcement is differed freely with 5, 10 and 15 wt. %. Using optical analyser and SEM equipment, microstructural examination is carried out and the result reveals that the graphene and Al2O3 particles prevalently are homogeneously appropriated on the grain limits of Al matrix and Al2O3 particles are disseminated between graphene in the as-cast AA6061 MMC’s. Detailed analysis on investigation of the microstructure and mechanical aspects of Al6061-graphene-Al2O3p composites is presented by following ASTM guidelines; results uncovered that with increment in reinforcement particles, there is an enhancement in the hardness, ultimate strength, yield strength and a decline in the elongation values was however noticed when contrasted with Al6061 alloy. Fractography investigation revealed dimples in unreinforced alloy and the composite.
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Effect of Silicon Nitride and Graphene Nanoplatelets on the Properties of Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14081898. [PMID: 33920317 PMCID: PMC8068802 DOI: 10.3390/ma14081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research work aims at investigating the influence of a fixed content of silicon nitride (Si3N4) and varied contents of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) on the physical (density, structural, morphological) and mechanical properties (microhardness, nanoindentation) of Al-Si3N4-GNPs composites. The composites were fabricated by a microwave-assisted powder metallurgy route. The Si3N4 concentration was fixed at (5 wt.%) in Al-Si3N4-GNPs composites while the GNPs concentration was varied between (0 wt.%) to (1.5 wt.%) with an increment of (0.5 wt.%). The structural analysis indicates the formation of phase pure materials with high crystallinity. The microstructural analysis confirmed the presence of the Si3N4 and GNPs showing enhanced agglomeration with the increasing amount of GNPs. Moreover, the surface roughness of the synthesized composites increases with an increasing amount of GNPs reaching its maximum value (RMS = 65.32 nm) at 1.5 wt.% of GNPs. The Al-Si3N4-GNPs composites exhibit improved microhardness and promising load-indentation behavior during nanoindentation when compared to pure aluminum (Al). Moreover, Al-Si3N4-GNPs composites demonstrate higher values of compressive yield strength (CYS) and ultimate compressive strength (UCS) when compared to pure Al despite showing a declining trend with an increasing amount of GNPs in the matrix. Finally, a shear mode of fracture is prevalent in Al-Si3N4-GNPs composites under compression loading.
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Srinivasan V, Kunjiappan S, Palanisamy P. A brief review of carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composites for aerospace and defense applications. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-021-00328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Kabir H, Munir K, Wen C, Li Y. Recent research and progress of biodegradable zinc alloys and composites for biomedical applications: Biomechanical and biocorrosion perspectives. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:836-879. [PMID: 33024903 PMCID: PMC7530311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable metals (BMs) gradually degrade in vivo by releasing corrosion products once exposed to the physiological environment in the body. Complete dissolution of biodegradable implants assists tissue healing, with no implant residues in the surrounding tissues. In recent years, three classes of BMs have been extensively investigated, including magnesium (Mg)-based, iron (Fe)-based, and zinc (Zn)-based BMs. Among these three BMs, Mg-based materials have undergone the most clinical trials. However, Mg-based BMs generally exhibit faster degradation rates, which may not match the healing periods for bone tissue, whereas Fe-based BMs exhibit slower and less complete in vivo degradation. Zn-based BMs are now considered a new class of BMs due to their intermediate degradation rates, which fall between those of Mg-based BMs and Fe-based BMs, thus requiring extensive research to validate their suitability for biomedical applications. In the present study, recent research and development on Zn-based BMs are reviewed in conjunction with discussion of their advantages and limitations in relation to existing BMs. The underlying roles of alloy composition, microstructure, and processing technique on the mechanical and corrosion properties of Zn-based BMs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humayun Kabir
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Khurram Munir
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Cuie Wen
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Yuncang Li
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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A Review on Recent Advancements of Graphene and Graphene-Related Materials in Biological Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is the most outstanding material among the new nanostructured carbonaceous species discovered and produced. Graphene’s astonishing properties (i.e., electronic conductivity, mechanical robustness, large surface area) have led to a deep change in the material science field. In this review, after a brief overview of the main characteristics of graphene and related materials, we present an extensive overview of the most recent achievements in biological uses of graphene and related materials.
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Abstract
Graphene is a new generation material, which finds potential and practical applications in a vast range of research areas. It has unrivalled characteristics, chiefly in terms of electronic conductivity, mechanical robustness and large surface area, which allow the attainment of outstanding performances in the material science field. Some unneglectable issues, such as the high cost of production at high quality and corresponding scarce availability in large amounts necessary for mass scale distribution, slow down graphene widespread utilization; however, in the last decade both basic academic and applied industrial materials research have achieved remarkable breakthroughs thanks to the implementation of graphene and related 1D derivatives. In this work, after briefly recalling the main characteristics of graphene, we present an extensive overview of the most recent advances in the development of the Li-ion battery anodes granted by the use of neat and engineered graphene and related 1D materials. Being far from totally exhaustive, due to the immense scientific production in the field yearly, we chiefly focus here on the role of graphene in materials modification for performance enhancement in both half and full lithium-based cells and give some insights on related promising perspectives.
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Chen H, Mi G, Li P, Huang X, Cao C. Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Graphene-Oxide-Reinforced High-Temperature Titanium-Alloy-Matrix Composites. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13153358. [PMID: 32751121 PMCID: PMC7435466 DOI: 10.3390/ma13153358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, graphene-oxide (GO)-reinforced Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Nb-Si high-temperature titanium-alloy-matrix composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy. The mixed powders with well-dispersed GO sheets were obtained by temperature-controlled solution mixing, in which GO sheets adsorb on the surface of titanium alloy particles. Vacuum deoxygenating was applied to remove the oxygen-containing groups in GO, in order to reduce the introduction of oxygen. The compact composites with refined equiaxed and lamellar α phase structures were prepared by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). The results show that in-situ TiC layers form on the surface of GO and GO promotes the precipitation of hexagonal (TiZr)6Si3 particles. The composites exhibit significant improvement in strength and microhardness. The room-temperature tensile strength, yield strength and microhardness of the composite added with 0.3 wt% GO are 9%, 15% and 27% higher than the matrix titanium alloy without GO, respectively, and the tensile strength and yield strength at 600 °C are 3% and 21% higher than the matrix alloy. The quantitative analysis indicates that the main strengthening mechanisms are load transfer strengthening, grain refinement and (TiZr)6Si3 s phase strengthening, which accounted for 48%, 30% and 16% of the improvement of room-temperature yield strength, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Chen
- National Center of Novel Materials for International Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.C.); (P.L.)
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Titanium Alloys, AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China; (X.H.); (C.C.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Graphene and Application, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Guangbao Mi
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Titanium Alloys, AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China; (X.H.); (C.C.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Graphene and Application, Beijing 100095, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6249-6627
| | - Peijie Li
- National Center of Novel Materials for International Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.C.); (P.L.)
| | - Xu Huang
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Titanium Alloys, AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China; (X.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Chunxiao Cao
- Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Titanium Alloys, AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China; (X.H.); (C.C.)
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Characterization of Composite Powder Feedstock from Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Perspective. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12223673. [PMID: 31703412 PMCID: PMC6888312 DOI: 10.3390/ma12223673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This research aims at evaluating the characteristics of the 5 wt.% B4C/Ti-6Al-4V composite powder feedstock prepared by two different categories of mechanical mixing for powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Microstructural features, particle size, size distribution, sphericity, conditioned bulk density and flow behavior of the developed powders were examined. The flowability of the regularly mixed powders was significantly lower than that of the Ti-6Al-4V powder. However, the flowability of the ball-milled systems was a significant function of the milling time. The decrease in the flowability of the 2 h ball-milled powder compared to the Ti-6Al-4V powder was attributed to the mechanical interlocking and the entangling caused by the B4C particles fully decorating the Ti-6Al-4V particles. Although the flattened/irregular shape of powder particles in the 6 h milled system acted to reduce the flowability, the overall surface area reduction led to higher flowability than that for the 2 h milling case. Regardless of the mixing method, incorporation of B4C particles into the system decreased the apparent density of the Ti-6Al-4V powder. The composite powder obtained by 2 h of ball milling was suggested as the best possible condition, meeting the requirements of PBF–AM processes.
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