1
|
Walling B, Bharali P, Ramachandran D, Kanagasabai V, Dutta N, Hazarika S, Maadurshni GB, Manivannan J, Kumari S, Acharjee SA, Gogoi B, Alemtoshi, Sorhie V, Vishwakarma V. Bacterial valorization of agricultural-waste into a nano-sized cellulosic matrix for mitigating emerging pharmaceutical pollutants: An eco-benign approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133684. [PMID: 39084979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
For Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC) production, standard methods are well-established, but there is a pressing need to explore cost-effective alternatives for BNC commercialization. This study investigates the feasibility of using syrup prepared from maize stalk as a valuable nutrient and sustainable carbon source for BNC production. Our study achieved a remarkable BNC production yield of 19.457 g L-1 by utilizing Komagataeibacter saccharivorans NUWB1 in combination with components from the Hestrin-Schramm (HS) medium. Physicochemical properties revealed that the obtained BNC exhibited a crystallinity index of 60.5 %, tensile strength of 43.5 MPa along with enhanced thermostability reaching up to 360 °C. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm of the BNC displayed characteristics of type IV, indicating the presence of a mesoporous structure. The produced BNC underwent thorough investigation, focusing on its efficacy in addressing environmental concerns, particularly in removing emerging pharmaceutical pollutants like Metformin and Paracetamol. Remarkably, the BNC exhibited strong adsorption capabilities, aligning with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed a spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process. Furthermore, the BNC showed potential for regeneration, enabling up to five recycling cycles. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress assays validated the biocompatibility of BNC. Lastly, the BNC films displayed an impressive 88.73 % biodegradation within 21 days.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bendangtula Walling
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, -798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Pranjal Bharali
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, -798627, Nagaland, India.
| | - D Ramachandran
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai, -600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Viswanathan Kanagasabai
- Centre for Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Jeppiaar Nagar, Rajiv Gandhi Road, Chennai, -600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nipu Dutta
- Department of Chemical Science, Tezpur University, Napaam, Tezpur, -784028, Assam, India
| | - Swapnali Hazarika
- Chemical Engineering Group, CSIR-North East Institute of Science & Technology, Jorhat, -785006, Assam, India
| | | | - Jeganathan Manivannan
- Environmental Health & Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Bharathiar University, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sony Kumari
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Science and Technology, Meghalaya, Ri Bhoi, Baridua 793101, India
| | - Shiva Aley Acharjee
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, -798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Bhagyudoy Gogoi
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, -798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Alemtoshi
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, -798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Viphrezolie Sorhie
- Applied Environmental Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Nagaland University, Lumami, Zunheboto, -798627, Nagaland, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, NCR, Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Šuca H, Čoma M, Tomšů J, Sabová J, Zajíček R, Brož A, Doubková M, Novotný T, Bačáková L, Jenčová V, Kuželová Košťáková E, Lukačín Š, Rejman D, Gál P. Current Approaches to Wound Repair in Burns: How far Have we Come From Cover to Close? A Narrative Review. J Surg Res 2024; 296:383-403. [PMID: 38309220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Burn injuries are a significant global health concern, with more than 11 million people requiring medical intervention each year and approximately 180,000 deaths annually. Despite progress in health and social care, burn injuries continue to result in socioeconomic burdens for victims and their families. The management of severe burn injuries involves preventing and treating burn shock and promoting skin repair through a two-step procedure of covering and closing the wound. Currently, split-thickness/full-thickness skin autografts are the gold standard for permanent skin substitution. However, deep burns treated with split-thickness skin autografts may contract, leading to functional and appearance issues. Conversely, defects treated with full-thickness skin autografts often result in more satisfactory function and appearance. The development of tissue-engineered dermal templates has further expanded the scope of wound repair, providing scar reductive and regenerative properties that have extended their use to reconstructive surgical interventions. Although their interactions with the wound microenvironment are not fully understood, these templates have shown potential in local infection control. This narrative review discusses the current state of wound repair in burn injuries, focusing on the progress made from wound cover to wound closure and local infection control. Advancements in technology and therapies hold promise for improving the outcomes for burn injury patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of wound repair and tissue regeneration may provide new insights for developing more effective treatments in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Šuca
- Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Čoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic; Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Júlia Tomšů
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Sabová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Robert Zajíček
- Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Brož
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Doubková
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Novotný
- Department of Orthopaedics, University J.E. Purkině and Masaryk Hospital, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic; Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bačáková
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Jenčová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kuželová Košťáková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | - Štefan Lukačín
- Department of Heart Surgery, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Gál
- Prague Burn Center, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Královské Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic; Department of Biomedical Research, East-Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Inc, Košice, Slovak Republic; Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Posada L, Jaramillo-Quiceno N, Castro C, Osorio M. Mucoadhesive capsules based on bacterial nanocellulose and chitosan as delivery system of turmeric extract. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21836. [PMID: 38034640 PMCID: PMC10682617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Current efforts in stomach-related drug design focus on improving drug bioavailability within the gastric region. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has been established as a suitable material for drug delivery systems; however, it lacks adhesion to the gastric environment. This limitation can be addressed by leveraging the mucoadhesive properties of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC). Therefore, we aimed to develop mucoadhesive capsules constructed from BNC coated with crosslinked LMWC, intended for targeted drug delivery in the gastric region. The capsules were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and mucoadhesion assessments. Under acidic conditions, crosslinked chitosan exhibited enhanced swelling relative to neutral conditions. The coating of chitosan onto the BNC fibrillar network of the capsules resulted in the superimposition of vibration bands and enhanced thermal stability. Furthermore, the capsules exhibited significant mucoadhesive properties in the gastric environment, with an attachment force measuring 89.151 ± 6.226 mN. To validate the efficacy of the system, we utilized antioxidant turmeric extract (TE) as a bioactive compound with chemopreventive potential against stomach cancer. TE was adsorbed onto BNC in a reversible multilayer system, enabling controlled adsorption and desorption. These findings highlight the significance of developing mucoadhesive capsules as a tailored drug delivery system for gastric conditions, particularly in the context of treating stomach diseases as cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laia Posada
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1°, No. 70-01, Medellín, 050031, Colombia
| | - Natalia Jaramillo-Quiceno
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1°, No. 70-01, Medellín, 050031, Colombia
| | - Cristina Castro
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1°, No. 70-01, Medellín, 050031, Colombia
| | - Marlon Osorio
- School of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Circular 1°, No. 70-01, Medellín, 050031, Colombia
- School of Health Science, Grupo de Investigación Biología de Sistemas, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78B No. 72a-159, Medellín, 050036, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ghilan A, Nicu R, Ciolacu DE, Ciolacu F. Insight into the Latest Medical Applications of Nanocellulose. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4447. [PMID: 37374630 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs) are appealing nanomaterials that have experienced rapid development in recent years, with great potential in the biomedical field. This trend aligns with the increasing demand for sustainable materials, which will contribute both to an improvement in wellbeing and an extension of human life, and with the demand to keep up with advances in medical technology. In recent years, due to the diversity of their physical and biological properties and the possibility of tuning them according to the desired goal, these nanomaterials represent a point of maximum interest in the medical field. Applications such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, wound dressing, medical implants or those in cardiovascular health are some of the applications in which NCs have been successfully used. This review presents insight into the latest medical applications of NCs, in the forms of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), with an emphasis on the domains that have recently experienced remarkable growth, namely wound dressing, tissue engineering and drug delivery. In order to highlight only the most recent achievements, the presented information is focused on studies from the last 3 years. Approaches to the preparation of NCs are discussed either by top-down (chemical or mechanical degradation) or by bottom-up (biosynthesis) techniques, along with their morphological characterization and unique properties, such as mechanical and biological properties. Finally, the main challenges, limitations and future research directions of NCs are identified in a sustained effort to identify their effective use in biomedical fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Ghilan
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohammadi S, Jabbari F, Babaeipour V. Bacterial cellulose-based composites as vehicles for dermal and transdermal drug delivery: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124955. [PMID: 37245742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a significant amount of drugs have been taken orally, which are not as effective as desired. To solve this problem, bacterial cellulose-based dermal/transdermal drug delivery systems (BC-DDSs) with unique properties such as cell compatibility, hemocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, and the ability to encapsulate various therapeutic agents with the controlled release have been introduced. A BC-dermal/transdermal DDS reduces first-pass metabolism and systematic side effects while improving patient compliance and dosage effectiveness by controlling drug release through the skin. The barrier function of the skin, especially the stratum corneum, can interfere with drug delivery. Few drugs can pass through the skin to reach effective concentrations in the blood to treat diseases. Due to their unique physicochemical properties and high potential to reduce immunogenicity and improve bioavailability, BC-dermal/transdermal DDSs are widely used to deliver various types of drugs for disease treatment. In this review, we describe the different types of BC-dermal/ transdermal DDSs, along with a critical discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of these systems. After the general presentation, the review is focused on recent advances in the preparation and applications of BC-based dermal/transdermal DDSs in various types of disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Mohammadi
- 3D Microfluidic Biofabrication Lab, Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-science (CLN2S), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome 00161, Italy; Department of Basic and Applied Science for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Farzaneh Jabbari
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran 14155-4777, Iran
| | - Valiollah Babaeipour
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran 1774-15875, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Samyn P, Meftahi A, Geravand SA, Heravi MEM, Najarzadeh H, Sabery MSK, Barhoum A. Opportunities for bacterial nanocellulose in biomedical applications: Review on biosynthesis, modification and challenges. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123316. [PMID: 36682647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural polysaccharide produced as extracellular material by bacterial strains and has favorable intrinsic properties for primary use in biomedical applications. In this review, an update on state-of-the art and challenges in BNC production, surface modification and biomedical application is given. Recent insights in biosynthesis allowed for better understanding of governing parameters improving production efficiency. In particular, introduction of different carbon/nitrogen sources from alternative feedstock and industrial upscaling of various production methods is challenging. It is important to have control on the morphology, porosity and forms of BNC depending on biosynthesis conditions, depending on selection of bacterial strains, reactor design, additives and culture conditions. The BNC is intrinsically characterized by high water absorption capacity, good thermal and mechanical stability, biocompatibility and biodegradability to certain extent. However, additional chemical and/or physical surface modifications are required to improve cell compatibility, protein interaction and antimicrobial properties. The novel trends in synthesis include the in-situ culturing of hybrid BNC nanocomposites in combination with organic material, inorganic material or extracellular components. In parallel with toxicity studies, the applications of BNC in wound care, tissue engineering, medical implants, drug delivery systems or carriers for bioactive compounds, and platforms for biosensors are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Samyn
- SIRRIS, Department Innovations in Circular Economy, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Amin Meftahi
- Department of Polymer and Textile Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Abbasi Geravand
- Department of Technical & Engineering, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamideh Najarzadeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Science And Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ahmed Barhoum
- NanoStruc Research Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, D09 Y074 Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen X, Yang R, Shen J, Huang Q, Wu Z. Research Progress of Bioinspired Nanostructured Systems for the Treatment of Ocular Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16010096. [PMID: 36678597 PMCID: PMC9865244 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
How to enhance the bioavailability and prolong the residence time of drugs in the eye present the major barriers to traditional eye delivery. Nanotechnology has been widely used in ocular drug delivery systems because of its advantages of minimizing adverse reactions, decreasing the frequency of administration, prolonging the release time, and improving the bioavailability of the drug in the eye. As natural product-based nanostructured systems, bioinspired nanostructured systems have presented as less toxic, easy to prepare, and cost-effective and have potential application value in the field of nanotechnology. A systematic classification of bioinspired nanostructured systems based on their inspiration source and formulation and their brief applications in disease are presented here. A review of recent research progress of the bioinspired nanostructured systems for the treatment of the anterior and posterior segment of ocular disorders is then presented in detail. Finally, current challenges and future directions with regard to manufacturing bioinspired nanomaterials are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jinyan Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Qingyu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Zhifeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Second People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Wuxi Clinical College of Nantong University, Wuxi 214002, China
- Correspondence: (R.Y.); (Z.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alves C, Ribeiro A, Pinto E, Santos J, Soares G. Exploring Z-Tyr-Phe-OH-based hydrogels loaded with curcumin for the development of dressings for wound healing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
9
|
A pH-Gated Functionalized Hollow Mesoporous Silica Delivery System for Photodynamic Sterilization in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15082815. [PMID: 35454508 PMCID: PMC9031160 DOI: 10.3390/ma15082815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria are increasing, particularly those embedded in microbial biofilm. These bacteria account for most microbial infections in humans. Traditional antibiotic treatment has low efficiency in sterilization of biofilm-associated pathogens, and thus the development of new approaches is highly desired. In this study, amino-modified hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (AHMSN) were synthesized and used as the carrier to load natural photosensitizer curcumin (Cur). Then glutaraldehyde (GA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were used to seal the porous structure of AHMSN by the Schiff base reaction, forming positively charged AHMSN@GA@PEI@Cur. The Cur delivery system can smoothly diffuse into the negatively charged biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Then Cur can be released to the biofilm after the pH-gated cleavage of the Schiff base bond in the slightly acidic environment of the biofilm. After the release of the photosensitizer, the biofilm was irradiated by the blue LED light at a wavelength of 450 nm and a power of 37.4 mV/cm2 for 5 min. Compared with the control group, the number of viable bacteria in the biofilm was reduced by 98.20%. Therefore, the constructed pH-gated photosensitizer delivery system can efficiently target biofilm-associated pathogens and be used for photodynamic sterilization, without the production of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nicu R, Ciolacu F, Ciolacu DE. Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1125. [PMID: 34452086 PMCID: PMC8399340 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising "green" materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals-CNC, cellulose nanofibrils-CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose-BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raluca Nicu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Florin Ciolacu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana E. Ciolacu
- Department of Natural Polymers, Bioactive and Biocompatible Materials, “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|