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Lee D, Noh J, Moon SY, Shin TJ, Choi YK, Park J. Pectin Nanoporous Structures Prepared via Salt-Induced Phase Separation and Ambient Azeotropic Evaporation Processes. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1709-1723. [PMID: 38377481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharide nanoporous structures are suitable for various applications, ranging from biomedical scaffolds to adsorption materials, owing to their biocompatibility and large surface areas. Pectin, in particular, can create 3D nanoporous structures in aqueous solutions by binding with calcium cations and creating nanopores by phase separation; this process involves forming hydrogen bonds between alcohols and pectin chains in water and alcohol mixtures and the resulting penetration of alcohols into calcium-bound pectin gels. However, owing to the dehydration and condensation of polysaccharide chains during drying, it has proven to be challenging to maintain the 3D nanoporous structure without using a freeze-drying process or supercritical fluid. Herein, we report a facile method for creating polysaccharide-based xerogels, involving the co-evaporation of water with a nonsolvent (e.g., a low-molecular-weight hydrophobic alcohol such as isopropyl or n-propyl alcohol) at ambient conditions. Experiments and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that salt-induced phase separation and hydrogen bonding between hydrophobic alcohols and pectin chains were the dominant processes in mixtures of pectin, water, and hydrophobic alcohols. Furthermore, the azeotropic evaporation of water and alcohol mixed in approximately 1:1 molar ratios was maintained during the natural drying process under ambient conditions, preventing the hydration and aggregation of the hydrophilic pectin chains. These results introduce a simple and convenient process to produce 3D polysaccharide xerogels under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Juran Noh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Su-Young Moon
- Gas & Carbon Convergent Research Center, Chemical & Process Technology, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Joo Shin
- UNIST Central Research Facilities & School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeol Kyo Choi
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Juhyun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Intelligent Energy and Industry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Zanotti A, Baldino L, Reverchon E. Production of Exopolysaccharide-Based Porous Structures for Biomedical Applications: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2920. [PMID: 37999274 PMCID: PMC10675614 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides, obtained from microorganisms as fermentation products, are interesting candidates for biomedical applications as scaffolds: they are biocompatible, nontoxic, antimicrobial, antitumor materials. To produce exopolysaccharide-based scaffolds, sol-gel technology could be used, which ends with the removal of the liquid phase from the polymeric network (i.e., the drying step). The aim of this review is to point out the most relevant strengths and weaknesses of the different drying techniques, focusing attention on the production of exopolysaccharide-based porous structures. Among these drying processes, supercritical carbon dioxide-assisted drying is the most promising strategy to obtain dried gels to use in the biomedical field: it produces highly porous and lightweight devices with outstanding surface areas and regular microstructure and nanostructure (i.e., aerogels). As a result of the analysis carried out in the present work, it emerged that supercritical technologies should be further explored and applied to the production of exopolysaccharide-based nanostructured scaffolds. Moving research towards this direction, exopolysaccharide utilization could be intensified and extended to the production of high added-value devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Departement of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.Z.); (E.R.)
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Wang Z, Xu Z, Yang X, Li M, Yip RCS, Li Y, Chen H. Current application and modification strategy of marine polysaccharides in tissue regeneration: A review. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213580. [PMID: 37634336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Marine polysaccharides (MPs) are exceptional bioactive materials that possess unique biochemical mechanisms and pharmacological stability, making them ideal for various tissue engineering applications. Certain MPs, including agarose, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, and glucan have been successfully employed as biological scaffolds in animal studies. As carriers of signaling molecules, scaffolds can enhance the adhesion, growth, and differentiation of somatic cells, thereby significantly improving the tissue regeneration process. However, the biological benefits of pure MPs composite scaffold are limited. Therefore, physical, chemical, enzyme modification and other methods are employed to expand its efficacy. Chemically, the structural properties of MPs scaffolds can be altered through modifications to functional groups or molecular weight reduction, thereby enhancing their biological activities. Physically, MPs hydrogels and sponges emulate the natural extracellular matrix, creating a more conducive environment for tissue repair. The porosity and high permeability of MPs membranes and nanomaterials expedite wound healing. This review explores the distinctive properties and applications of select MPs in tissue regeneration, highlighting their structural versatility and biological applicability. Additionally, we provide a brief overview of common modification strategies employed for MP scaffolds. In conclusion, MPs have significant potential and are expected to be a novel regenerative material for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokun Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Man Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Ryan Chak Sang Yip
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Hao Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, NO. 180 Wenhua West Road, Gao Strict, Weihai 264209, China; The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, NO. 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Souto-Lopes M, Fernandes MH, Monteiro FJ, Salgado CL. Bioengineering Composite Aerogel-Based Scaffolds That Influence Porous Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and In Vivo Regeneration for Bone Tissue Application. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4483. [PMID: 37374666 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration of large bone defects is still a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering employs biomimetic strategies to produce graft composite scaffolds that resemble the bone extracellular matrix to guide and promote osteogenic differentiation of the host precursor cells. Aerogel-based bone scaffold preparation methods have been increasingly improved to overcome the difficulties in balancing the need for an open highly porous and hierarchically organized microstructure with compression resistance to withstand bone physiological loads, especially in wet conditions. Moreover, these improved aerogel scaffolds have been implanted in vivo in critical bone defects, in order to test their bone regeneration potential. This review addresses recently published studies on aerogel composite (organic/inorganic)-based scaffolds, having in mind the various cutting-edge technologies and raw biomaterials used, as well as the improvements that are still a challenge in terms of their relevant properties. Finally, the lack of 3D in vitro models of bone tissue for regeneration studies is emphasized, as well as the need for further developments to overcome and minimize the requirement for studies using in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Souto-Lopes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- Bonelab-Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária da Universidade do Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE-Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde/Rede de Química e Tecnologia, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane Laranjo Salgado
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Liu H, Zhao X, Li Y, Yi J, Zhang C, Zheng Z, Dai S, Yin G, Zhao S. Bioinformatic analysis of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of bone defects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1157099. [PMID: 37359021 PMCID: PMC10286739 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1157099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The pathophysiology of bone defects (BDs) is complex, and the treatment for bone defects, in particular massive bone defects, remains a major clinical challenge. Our study was conducted to explore the molecular events related to the progression of bone defects a common clinical condition. Methods First, microarray data of GSE20980 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, where 33 samples in total were used to analyze the molecular biological processes related to bone defects. Next, the original data were normalized and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted. Finally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed and the trends of the different genes were confirmed. Results Compared with the samples of non-critical size defects (NCSD), the samples of critical size defects (CSD) had 2057, 827, and 1,024 DEGs at 7, 14, and 21 days post injury, respectively. At day 7, the DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways, at day 14 the DEGs were predominantly enriched in G-protein coupled signaling pathways and the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway, and at day 21 the DEGs were mainly enriched in circadian entrainment and synaptic-related functions. The PPI network showed similar results. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB) were performed to validate the partial results of sequencing. Conclusion This study provides some clues about the molecular mechanism behind bone defects, which should contribute to scientific research and clinical treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Yi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziyang Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siming Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoyong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Institute of Functional Reconstruction and Rehabilitation, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Spinal Cord Disease Research Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Tian Z, Yu T, Liu J, Wang T, Higuchi A. Introduction to stem cells. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 199:3-32. [PMID: 37678976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have self-renewal capability and can proliferate and differentiate into a variety of functionally active cells that can serve in various tissues and organs. This review discusses the history, definition, and classification of stem cells. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) mainly include embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass of the embryo. Induced pluripotent stem cells are derived from reprogramming somatic cells. Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into cells derived from all three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm). Adult stem cells can be multipotent or unipotent and can produce tissue-specific terminally differentiated cells. Stem cells can be used in cell therapy to replace and regenerate damaged tissues or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Akon Higuchi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Pérez LA, Hernández R, Alonso JM, Pérez-González R, Sáez-Martínez V. Granular Disulfide-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Hydrogels: A Systematic Study of Reaction Conditions on Thiol Substitution and Injectability Parameters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040966. [PMID: 36850248 PMCID: PMC9967816 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Granular polymer hydrogels based on dynamic covalent bonds are attracting a great deal of interest for the design of injectable biomaterials. Such materials generally exhibit shear-thinning behavior and properties of self-healing/recovery after the extrusion that can be modulated through the interactions between gel microparticles. Herein, bulk macro-hydrogels based on thiolated-hyaluronic acid were produced by disulphide bond formation using oxygen as oxidant at physiological conditions and gelation kinetics were monitored. Three different thiol substitution degrees (SD%: 65%, 30% and 10%) were selected for hydrogel formation and fully characterized as to their stability in physiological medium and morphology. Then, extrusion fragmentation technique was applied to obtain hyaluronic acid microgels with dynamic disulphide bonds that were subsequently sterilized by autoclaving. The resulting granular hyaluronic hydrogels were able to form stable filaments when extruded through a syringe. Rheological characterization and cytotoxicity tests allowed to assess the potential of these materials as injectable biomaterials. The application of extrusion fragmentation for the formation of granular hyaluronic hydrogels and the understanding of the relation between the autoclaving processes and the resulting particle size and rheological properties should expand the development of injectable materials for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Andrés Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Rebeca Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), c/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-915-622900 (R.H.); +34-945-561134 (V.S.-M.)
| | - José María Alonso
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Raúl Pérez-González
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Virginia Sáez-Martínez
- i+Med S. Coop. Parque Tecnológico de Álava, Albert Einstein 15, Nave 15, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.H.); (V.S.-M.); Tel.: +34-915-622900 (R.H.); +34-945-561134 (V.S.-M.)
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Rasyida A, Halimah S, Wijayanti ID, Wicaksono ST, Nurdiansah H, Silaen YMT, Ni’mah YL, Ardhyananta H, Purniawan A. A Composite of Hydrogel Alginate/PVA/r-GO for Scaffold Applications with Enhanced Degradation and Biocompatibility Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030534. [PMID: 36771834 PMCID: PMC9921136 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported in this study the interrelation between the addition of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 wt. % reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) into PVA/Alginate and their degradation and biocompatibility properties. The r-GO was synthesized by using the Hummer's method. A crosslinker CaSO4 was added to prepare Alginate/PVA/r-GO Hydrogel composite. A Field Emission in Lens (FEI)-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), along with X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), was performed, characterizing the morphology of the composite. A compressive test was conducted, determining the mechanical properties of the composite with the highest achieved 0.0571 MPa. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity was conducted to determine the biocompatibility properties of the studied composite. An MTT assay was applied to measure cell viability. In general, the presence of r-GO was found to have no significant effect on the morphology of the hydrogel. Indeed, adding 0.4% r-GO to the PVA/Alginate increased the cell viability up to 122.26 ± 0.93, indicating low toxicity. The studied composites have almost no changes in weight and shape, which proves that low degradation occurred in addition to this after 28 days of immersion in saline phosphate buffer solution. In conclusion, achieving minimal degradation and outstanding biocompatibility lead to PVA/Alginate/r-GO hydrogel composites being the most attractive materials for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaliya Rasyida
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Salma Halimah
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Wijayanti
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Sigit Tri Wicaksono
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Haniffudin Nurdiansah
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Yohannes Marudut Tua Silaen
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Yatim Lailun Ni’mah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sains and Analytica Data, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Hosta Ardhyananta
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
| | - Agung Purniawan
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology and System Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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Li Y, Tian B, Xiao R, Li X, Liu Y, Ye Q, Zhu N, Peng K, Chen X, Wu B, Zhang R, Liang H. Paenibacillus mucilaginosus LT1906 exopolysaccharide-based composite aerogel for flexible strain sensor. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nanofibrous Hydrogel Nanocomposite Based on Strontium-Doped Bioglass Nanofibers for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101472. [PMID: 36290377 PMCID: PMC9598828 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Currently, bone defects, diseases, and injuries are common and global problems. These defects can be treated with several surgical methods and bone grafting, but these methods have limitations, including immune disorders, risk of infection, long-term recovery, movement problems, and high costs. A promising treatment option for bone replacement is the design and construction of scaffolds that mimic the properties of bone tissue and provide a suitable environment for cell and tissue growth. Achieving successful results in this method is dependent on the composition and structure of materials used as scaffolds. Bone is a composite consisting of a mineral fraction, mainly a combination of calcium phosphate, and an organic matrix. Here, we designed and produced a porous, non-toxic, and degradable scaffold made of alginate natural polymer and bioactive glass that contains strontium as well as the common elements of bioglasses—silica, calcium, sodium, and phosphorus. The scaffold is degraded at an optimized rate with the simultaneous proliferation and growth of cells, thus providing a suitable environment for the growth and development of new tissue and blood vessels. The outcomes of this study presented this scaffold as a functional structure to be used in treating bone defects and reconstructing damaged bone. Abstract The main aim of the current study is to fabricate an osteocompatible, bioactive, porous, and degradable bone tissue engineering scaffold. For this purpose, bioactive glasses (BGs) were chosen due to their similarity to bone’s natural mineral composition, and the effect of replacing Ca ions with Sr on their properties were considered. First, strontium-containing BGs (Sr-BGs) were synthesized using the electrospinning technique and assembled by the sol–gel method, then they were incorporated into the alginate (Alg) matrix. Photographs of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that the BG nanofibers have a diameter of 220 ± 36 nm, which was smaller than the precursor nanofibers (275 ± 66 nm). The scaffolds possess a porous internal microstructure (230–330 nm pore size) with interconnected pores. We demonstrated that the scaffolds could be degraded in the acetate sodium buffer and phosphate-buffered saline. The osteoactivity of the scaffolds was confirmed via visual inspection of the SEM illustrations after seven days of immersing them in the SBF solution. In vitro assessments disclosed that the produced Alg-based composites including Sr-BGs (Alg/Sr-BGs) are blood-compatible and biocompatible. Accumulating evidence shows that Alg/Sr-BG (5%, 10%, and 15%) hydrogels could be a promising scaffold for bone regeneration.
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Polysaccharide-Based Edible Gels as Functional Ingredients: Characterization, Applicability, and Human Health Benefits. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080524. [PMID: 36005125 PMCID: PMC9407509 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, edible materials such as polysaccharides have gained attention due to their valuable attributes, especially gelling property. Polysaccharide-based edible gels (PEGs) can be classified as (i) hydrogels, (ii) oleogels and bigels, (iii) and aerogels, cryogels and xerogels, respectively. PEGs have different characteristics and benefits depending on the functional groups of polysaccharide chains (e.g., carboxylic, sulphonic, amino, methoxyl) and on the preparation method. However, PEGs are found in the incipient phase of research and most studies are related to their preparation, characterization, sustainable raw materials, and applicability. Furthermore, all these aspects are treated separately for each class of PEG, without offering an overview of those already obtained PEGs. The novelty of this manuscript is to offer an overview of the classification, definition, formulation, and characterization of PEGs. Furthermore, the applicability of PEGs in the food sector (e.g., food packaging, improving food profile agent, delivery systems) and in the medical/pharmaceutical sector is also critically discussed. Ultimately, the correlation between PEG consumption and polysaccharides properties for human health (e.g., intestinal microecology, "bridge effect" in obesity, gut microbiota) are critically discussed for the first time. Bigels may be valuable for use as ink for 3D food printing in personalized diets for human health treatment. PEGs have a significant role in developing smart materials as both ingredients and coatings and methods, and techniques for exploring PEGs are essential. PEGs as carriers of bioactive compounds have a demonstrated effect on obesity. All the physical, chemical, and biological interactions among PEGs and other organic and inorganic structures should be investigated.
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Greco I, Varon C, Iorio CS. Synthesis and Characterization of a new Alginate-Gelatine Aerogel for Tissue Engineering. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:3915-3918. [PMID: 36086473 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scaffolds have been used to stimulate cell migration, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation as extracellular matrix analogues. This study proposes a novel method for creating hybrid alginate-gelatine aerogel-based scaffold, which could be suitable for cell adhesion. To this end, alginate-gelatine at 4% was first used to make stable hydrogels, which were then frozen at -70°C and dried under a vacuum to produced aerogels. Aerogels are materials known for their extremely low density, which, by definition, should be lower than 0.5 g/cm3, In this study, a bulk density of 0.16 g/cm3 was reached, confirming that the created material fits within the definition of an aerogel. In addition, the material presented a sponge-like structure, high absorption properties, and high-porosity, with an average pore size of 193μm. These properties fit within the requirements for fibroblast cell infiltrate and survival, demonstrating that the proposed alginate-gelatine aerogels are suitable candidates for various applications such as tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Advanced Polymeric Nanocomposites for Water Treatment Applications: A Holistic Perspective. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122462. [PMID: 35746038 PMCID: PMC9231113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Water pollution remains one of the greatest challenges in the modern era, and water treatment strategies have continually been improved to meet the increasing demand for safe water. In the last few decades, tremendous research has been carried out toward developing selective and efficient polymeric adsorbents and membranes. However, developing non-toxic, biocompatible, cost-effective, and efficient polymeric nanocomposites is still being explored. In polymer nanocomposites, nanofillers and/or nanoparticles are dispersed in polymeric matrices such as dendrimer, cellulose, resins, etc., to improve their mechanical, thermophysical, and physicochemical properties. Several techniques can be used to develop polymer nanocomposites, and the most prevalent methods include mixing, melt-mixing, in-situ polymerization, electrospinning, and selective laser sintering techniques. Emerging technologies for polymer nanocomposite development include selective laser sintering and microwave-assisted techniques, proffering solutions to aggregation challenges and other morphological defects. Available and emerging techniques aim to produce efficient, durable, and cost-effective polymer nanocomposites with uniform dispersion and minimal defects. Polymer nanocomposites are utilized as filtering membranes and adsorbents to remove chemical contaminants from aqueous media. This study covers the synthesis and usage of various polymeric nanocomposites in water treatment, as well as the major criteria that influence their performance, and highlights challenges and considerations for future research.
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Chitosan Based Aerogels with Low Shrinkage by Chemical Cross-Linking and Supramolecular Interaction. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020131. [PMID: 35200512 PMCID: PMC8924760 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CTS) aerogel is a new type of functional material that could be possibly applied in the thermal insulation field, especially in energy-saving buildings. However, the inhibition method for the very big shrinkage of CTS aerogels from the final gel to the aerogel is challenging, causing great difficulty in achieving a near-net shape of CTS aerogels. Here, this study explored a facile strategy for restraining CTS-based aerogels’ inherent shrinkage depending on the chemical crosslinking and the interpenetrated supramolecular interaction by introducing nanofibrillar cellulose (NFC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) chains. The effects of different aspect ratios of NFC on the CTS-based aerogels were systematically analyzed. The results showed that the optimal aspect ratio for NFC introduction was 37.5 from the comprehensive property perspective. CTS/PVA/NFC hybrid aerogels with the aspect ratio of 37.5 for NFC gained a superior thermal conductivity of 0.0224 W/m·K at ambient atmosphere (the cold surface temperature was only 33.46 °C, despite contacting the hot surface of 80.46 °C), a low density of 0.09 g/cm3, and a relatively high compressive stress of 0.51 MPa at 10% strain.
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Syeda HI, Yap PS. A review on three-dimensional cellulose-based aerogels for the removal of heavy metals from water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:150606. [PMID: 34592292 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the aquatic ecosystem by heavy metals is a growing concern that has yet to be addressed with an efficient, cost-effective and environmentally-friendly solution. Heavy metals occur naturally in the earth's crust and also result from anthropogenic activities. Due to the rapid increase in industrialization, there is an increase in consumer demands across various industries such as metal processing, mining sector, agricultural activities, etc. and this has led to an increase in heavy metal concentrations in the aqueous environment. Cellulose-based aerogels are a novel third-generation of aerogels that have recently attracted a lot of attention due to their high adsorption efficiency, eco-friendly prospects and cost effectiveness. In this review, recent literature on cellulose-based aerogel adsorbents used for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution has been compiled. The preparation of cellulose-based aerogels, adsorption mechanisms, effects of experimental factors such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial metal concentration and adsorbent dose have been discussed. In addition, cost analysis of cellulose-based adsorbents and some challenges in this research field along with recommendations of improvements have been presented. It can be concluded that functionalizing of cellulose-based aerogels with amine groups, thiol groups, other compounds such as nanobentonite and chitosan results in very high adsorption capacities. The adsorption studies revealed that pseudo-second-order kinetic model was the most commonly encountered adsorption kinetic model, and the most commonly encountered adsorption isotherm model was the Langmuir isotherm model. The main adsorption mechanisms were electrostatic interaction, complexation and ion exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Iqbal Syeda
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, Deakin University, Victoria 3216, Australia.
| | - Pow-Seng Yap
- Department of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China
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16
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Ullah A, Lim SI. Bioinspired tunable hydrogels: An update on methods of preparation, classification, and biomedical and therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121368. [PMID: 34896566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels exhibit water-insoluble three-dimensional polymeric networks capable of absorbing large amounts of biological fluids. Both natural and synthetic polymers are used for the preparation of hydrogel networks. Such polymeric networks are fabricated through chemical or physical mechanisms of crosslinking. Chemical crosslinking is accomplished mainly through covalent bonding, while physical crosslinking involves self-healing secondary forces like H-bonding, host-guest interactions, and antigen-antibody interactions. The building blocks of the hydrogels play an important role in determining the mechanical, biological, and physicochemical properties. Hydrogels are used in a variety of biomedical applications like diagnostics (biodetection and bioimaging), delivery of therapeutics (drugs, immunotherapeutics, and vaccines), wound dressing and skin materials, cardiac complications, contact lenses, tissue engineering, and cell culture because of the inherent characteristics like enhanced water uptake and structural similarity with the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review highlights the recent trends and advances in the roles of hydrogels in biomedical and therapeutic applications. We also discuss the classification and methods of hydrogels preparation. A brief outlook on the future directions of hydrogels is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Valdés C, Valdés O, Bustos D, Abril D, Cabrera-Barjas G, Pereira A, Villaseñor J, Polo-Cuadrado E, Carreño G, Durán-Lara EF, Marican A. Use of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Malic Acid (CLHPMA) Hydrogels and Chitosan Coated Calcium Alginate (CCCA) Microparticles as Potential Sorbent Phases for the Extraction and Quantitative Determination of Pesticides from Aqueous Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3993. [PMID: 34833292 PMCID: PMC8619381 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are used worldwide to increase crop yields in agriculture. However, their toxicity and accumulation capacity can make them toxic to the environment, animals and humans. In the case of workers chronically exposed to these substances, they must be sampled continuously, so urine is an excellent option. In this sense, this study proposes to use poly(vinyl alcohol)-malic acid hydrogels, and chitosan-coated calcium alginate as new sorbent phases to be used in pesticide determination processes in urine. To better understand the behavior of these materials in the capture and desorption process, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) were used, and desorption experiments were performed, using mechanical agitation, ultrasound, and pH variation in the desorption process, in order to optimize the parameters to obtain better recoveries. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the maximum recoveries were of the order of 11% (CFN), 3% (KCF), 53% (DMT), 18% (MTD) and 35% (MTL). Although the recoveries were not exhaustive, they are a first approximation for the use of these new sorbent phases in the determination of this type of compound in aqueous solutions and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Valdés
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoria de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (C.V.); (O.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Oscar Valdés
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoria de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (C.V.); (O.V.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bustos
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoria de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile; (C.V.); (O.V.); (D.B.)
- Laboratorio de Bioinformática y Química Computacional (LBQC), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Escuela de Bioingeniería Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Diana Abril
- Departamento de Biología y Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas
- Unidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 3349001, Chile;
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile; (A.P.); (J.V.); (E.P.-C.); (G.C.)
| | - Jorge Villaseñor
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile; (A.P.); (J.V.); (E.P.-C.); (G.C.)
| | - Efraín Polo-Cuadrado
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile; (A.P.); (J.V.); (E.P.-C.); (G.C.)
| | - Gustavo Carreño
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile; (A.P.); (J.V.); (E.P.-C.); (G.C.)
- Bio and NanoMaterials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile
| | - Esteban F. Durán-Lara
- Bio and NanoMaterials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile
| | - Adolfo Marican
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile; (A.P.); (J.V.); (E.P.-C.); (G.C.)
- Bio and NanoMaterials Lab, Drug Delivery and Controlled Release, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Maule, Chile
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Guastaferro M, Baldino L, Reverchon E, Cardea S. Production of Porous Agarose-Based Structures: Freeze-Drying vs. Supercritical CO 2 Drying. Gels 2021; 7:198. [PMID: 34842697 PMCID: PMC8628673 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the effect of two processes, i.e., freeze-drying and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) drying, on the final morphology of agarose-based porous structures, was investigated. The agarose concentration in water was varied from 1 wt% up to 8 wt%. Agarose cryogels were prepared by freeze-drying using two cooling rates: 2.5 °C/min and 0.1 °C/min. A more uniform macroporous structure and a decrease in average pore size were achieved when a fast cooling rate was adopted. When a slower cooling rate was performed instead, cryogels were characterized by a macroporous and heterogenous structure at all of the values of the biopolymer concentration investigated. SC-CO2 drying led to the production of aerogels characterized by a mesoporous structure, with a specific surface area up to 170 m2/g. Moreover, agarose-based aerogels were solvent-free, and no thermal changes were detected in the samples after processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Baldino
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (M.G.); (E.R.); (S.C.)
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Mesoporous Aerogel Microparticles Injected into the Abdominal Cavity of Mice Accumulate in Parathymic Lymph Nodes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189756. [PMID: 34575919 PMCID: PMC8465913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoporous aerogel microparticles are promising drug delivery systems. However, their in vivo biodistribution pathways and health effects are unknown. Suspensions of fluorescein-labeled silica-gelatin hybrid aerogel microparticles were injected into the peritoneum (abdominal cavity) of healthy mice in concentrations of 52 and 104 mg kg-1 in a 3-week-long acute toxicity experiment. No physiological dysfunctions were detected, and all mice were healthy. An autopsy revealed that the aerogel microparticles were not present at the site of injection in the abdominal cavity at the end of the experiment. The histological study of the liver, spleen, kidneys, thymus and lymphatic tissues showed no signs of toxicity. The localization of the aerogel microparticles in the organs was studied by fluorescence microscopy. Aerogel microparticles were not detected in any of the abdominal organs, but they were clearly visible in the cortical part of the parathymic lymph nodes, where they accumulated. The accumulation of aerogel microparticles in parathymic lymph nodes in combination with their absence in the reticuloendothelial system organs, such as the liver or spleen, suggests that the microparticles entered the lymphatic circulation. This biodistribution pathway could be exploited to design passive targeting drug delivery systems for flooding metastatic pathways of abdominal cancers that spread via the lymphatic circulation.
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Gorshkova N, Brovko O, Palamarchuk I, Bogolitsyn K, Ivakhnov A. Preparation of bioactive aerogel material based on sodium alginate and chitosan for controlled release of levomycetin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Gorshkova
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Olga Brovko
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Irina Palamarchuk
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Konstantin Bogolitsyn
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
| | - Artem Ivakhnov
- N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Arkhangelsk Russia
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