1
|
Kumari S, Verma A, Mishra RK, Avinashi SK, Shweta, Singh S, Behera P, Rao J, Gautam RK, Pradhan BL, Dey KK, Ghosh M, Mishra M, Gautam C. Synergetic impact of MgO on PMMA-ZrO 2 hybrid composites: Evaluation of structural, morphological and improved mechanical behavior for dental applications. Dent Mater 2024; 40:1216-1230. [PMID: 38851967 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
This work aims to demonstrate the effect of ZrO2 and MgO inclusion into the Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). To fabricate novel hybrid composites via heat cure method, various composites (PZM2, PZM4 and PZM6) were synthesized in the system [(95-x) PMMA + 5 ZrO2 + x MgO] (x = 2, 4, and 6) respectively. Density of the prepared composites were determined and varying between 1.035-1.152 g/cm3. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) followed by EDAX and mechanical testing were performed to evaluate the fabricated composite properties. Moreover, to explore the structure of the fabricated composites the 13 C CP-MAS SSNMR and 1 H-13 C Phase-Modulated Lee Goldberg (PMLG) HETCOR Spectrum were recorded which clarify chemical shifting and motional dynamics of the composites. Mechanical tests were performed by UTM and the obtained parameters such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, fracture toughness, brittleness coefficient, flexural strength and flexural modulus are found to be in the range of 91-100 MPa, 0.48-0.51 GPa, 9.122-9.705 MPa.m1/2, 0.66-0.815, 51.03-42.78 MPa and 499-663 MPa respectively. Some more mechanical parameters such as proportional limit, elastic limit, failure strength, modulus of resilience and modulus of toughness were also calculated. Furthermore, tribological properties were also determined and the coefficient of friction (COF) was decreased by 17.4 % and 38 % for composite PZM6 at 20 N and 40 N as compared to the composite PZM2 and the lowest wear volume of 1.55 mm3 was observed for PZM2, whereas the maximum volume loss of 5.64 mm3 is observed for composite PZM6. To check out the biocompatibility, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the fabricated composites the Trypan-blue assay was also performed for PZM2 and PZM6 composites. Dissection on the gut of larvae was also performed on the both composites followed by DAPI and DCFH-DA staining. Therefore, these synthesized samples can be used for the fabrication of denture materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savita Kumari
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Anuj Verma
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Mishra
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | | | - Shweta
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India
| | - Shweta Singh
- Department of Prosthodontics, King George Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Priyatama Behera
- Neural Development Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Jitendra Rao
- Department of Prosthodontics, King George Medical University, Shah Mina Road, Chowk, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Gautam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Bijay Laxmi Pradhan
- Physics Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar-Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Krishna Kishor Dey
- Department of Physics, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, Madhya-Pradesh 470003, India
| | - Manasi Ghosh
- Physics Section, Mahila Maha Vidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar-Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Monalisa Mishra
- Neural Development Biology Lab, Department of Life Science, NIT Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Chandkiram Gautam
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226007, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhat C, Prajapati MJ, Kumar A, Jeng JY. Additive Manufacturing-Enabled Advanced Design and Process Strategies for Multi-Functional Lattice Structures. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3398. [PMID: 39063693 PMCID: PMC11277650 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The properties of each lattice structure are a function of four basic lattice factors, namely the morphology of the unit cell, its tessellation, relative density, and the material properties. The recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) have facilitated the easy manipulation of these factors to obtain desired functionalities. This review attempts to expound on several such strategies to manipulate these lattice factors. Several design-based grading strategies, such as functional grading, with respect to size and density manipulation, multi-morphology, and spatial arrangement strategies, have been discussed and their link to the natural occurrences are highlighted. Furthermore, special emphasis is given to the recently designed tessellation strategies to deliver multi-functional lattice responses. Each tessellation on its own acts as a novel material, thereby tuning the required properties. The subsequent section explores various material processing techniques with respect to multi-material AM to achieve multi-functional properties. The sequential combination of multiple materials generates novel properties that a single material cannot achieve. The last section explores the scope for combining the design and process strategies to obtain unique lattice structures capable of catering to advanced requirements. In addition, the future role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in developing function-specific lattice properties is highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmai Bhat
- High-Value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology, No. 1, Section 3, Zhongxiao East Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
| | - Mayur Jiyalal Prajapati
- Taiwan High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ajeet Kumar
- Design for Additive Manufacturing & Innovation (DAMi) Lab, Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Jeng-Ywan Jeng
- Taiwan High Speed 3D Printing Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, Dasyue Rd, East District, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- The Extreme Light Infrastructure (ELI ERIC), 252 41 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Babu S, Shanmugavadivu A, Selvamurugan N. Tunable mechanical properties of chitosan-based biocomposite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132820. [PMID: 38825286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) aims to develop implantable bone replacements for severe skeletal abnormalities that do not heal. In the field of BTE, chitosan (CS) has become a leading polysaccharide in the development of bone scaffolds. Although CS has several excellent properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties, it has limitations for use in BTE because of its poor mechanical properties, increased degradation, and minimal bioactivity. To address these issues, researchers have explored other biomaterials, such as synthetic polymers, ceramics, and CS coatings on metals, to produce CS-based biocomposite scaffolds for BTE applications. These CS-based biocomposite scaffolds demonstrate superior properties, including mechanical characteristics, such as compressive strength, Young's modulus, and tensile strength. In addition, they are compatible with neighboring tissues, exhibit a controlled rate of degradation, and promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteoblast differentiation. This review provides a brief outline of the recent progress in making different CS-based biocomposite scaffolds and how to characterize them so that their mechanical properties can be tuned using crosslinkers for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Babu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abinaya Shanmugavadivu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Selvamurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo W, Bu W, Mao Y, Wang E, Yang Y, Liu C, Guo F, Mai H, You H, Long Y. Magnesium Hydroxide as a Versatile Nanofiller for 3D-Printed PLA Bone Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:198. [PMID: 38256997 PMCID: PMC10820754 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) has attracted much attention in bone tissue engineering due to its good biocompatibility and processability, but it still faces problems such as a slow degradation rate, acidic degradation product, weak biomineralization ability, and poor cell response, which limits its wider application in developing bone scaffolds. In this study, Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles were employed as a versatile nanofiller for developing PLA/Mg(OH)2 composite bone scaffolds using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technology, and its mechanical, degradation, and biological properties were evaluated. The mechanical tests revealed that a 5 wt% addition of Mg(OH)2 improved the tensile and compressive strengths of the PLA scaffold by 20.50% and 63.97%, respectively. The soaking experiment in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) revealed that the alkaline degradation products of Mg(OH)2 neutralized the acidic degradation products of PLA, thus accelerating the degradation of PLA. The weight loss rate of the PLA/20Mg(OH)2 scaffold (15.40%) was significantly higher than that of PLA (0.15%) on day 28. Meanwhile, the composite scaffolds showed long-term Mg2+ release for more than 28 days. The simulated body fluid (SBF) immersion experiment indicated that Mg(OH)2 promoted the deposition of apatite and improved the biomineralization of PLA scaffolds. The cell culture of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) indicated that adding 5 wt% Mg(OH)2 effectively improved cell responses, including adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation, due to the release of Mg2+. This study suggests that Mg(OH)2 can simultaneously address various issues related to polymer scaffolds, including degradation, mechanical properties, and cell interaction, having promising applications in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wenlang Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yufeng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Enyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (F.G.); (H.M.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huaming Mai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (F.G.); (H.M.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hui You
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life-Cycle Safety for Composite Structures, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (W.B.); (Y.M.); (E.W.); (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Manufacturing System and Advanced Manufacturing Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rifai A, Weerasinghe DK, Tilaye GA, Nisbet D, Hodge JM, Pasco JA, Williams LJ, Samarasinghe RM, Williams RJ. Biofabrication of functional bone tissue: defining tissue-engineered scaffolds from nature. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1185841. [PMID: 37614632 PMCID: PMC10444209 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1185841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Damage to bone leads to pain and loss of movement in the musculoskeletal system. Although bone can regenerate, sometimes it is damaged beyond its innate capacity. Research interest is increasingly turning to tissue engineering (TE) processes to provide a clinical solution for bone defects. Despite the increasing biomimicry of tissue-engineered scaffolds, significant gaps remain in creating the complex bone substitutes, which include the biochemical and physical conditions required to recapitulate bone cells' natural growth, differentiation and maturation. Combining advanced biomaterials with new additive manufacturing technologies allows the development of 3D tissue, capable of forming cell aggregates and organoids based on natural and stimulated cues. Here, we provide an overview of the structure and mechanical properties of natural bone, the role of bone cells, the remodelling process, cytokines and signalling pathways, causes of bone defects and typical treatments and new TE strategies. We highlight processes of selecting biomaterials, cells and growth factors. Finally, we discuss innovative tissue-engineered models that have physiological and anatomical relevance for cancer treatments, injectable stimuli gels, and other therapeutic drug delivery systems. We also review current challenges and prospects of bone TE. Overall, this review serves as guide to understand and develop better tissue-engineered bone designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaqil Rifai
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - D. Kavindi Weerasinghe
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Gebreselassie Addisu Tilaye
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - David Nisbet
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason M. Hodge
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie A. Pasco
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine-Western Health, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Lana J. Williams
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu W, Lu Z, Lu C, Sun X, Ni B, Cölfen H, Xiong R. Bioinspired Stabilization of Amorphous Calcium Carbonate by Carboxylated Nanocellulose Enables Mechanically Robust, Healable, and Sensing Biocomposites. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6664-6674. [PMID: 36946540 PMCID: PMC10100558 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nature builds numerous structurally complex composites with fascinating mechanical robustness and functionalities by harnessing biopolymers and amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). The key to successfully mimicking these natural designs is efficiently stabilizing ACC, but developing highly efficient, biodegradable, biocompatible, and sustainable stabilizing agents remains a grand challenge since anhydrous ACC is inherently unstable toward crystallization in the wet state. Inspired by the stabilized ACC in crustacean cuticles, we report the efficient stabilization ability of the most abundant biopolymer-cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) for ACC. Through the cooperative stabilizing effect of surface carboxyl groups and a rigid segregated network, the CNFs exhibit long-term stability (more than one month) and achieved a stabilization efficiency of 3.6 and 4.4 times that of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and alginate, respectively, even higher than poly(acrylic acid). The resulting CNF/ACC dispersions can be constructed into transparent composite films with the high strength of 286 MPa and toughness up to 28.5 MJ/m3, which surpass those of the so far reported synthetic biopolymer-calcium carbonate/phosphate composites. The dynamic interfacial interaction between nanocomponents also provides the composite films with good self-healing properties. Owing to their good wet stability, the composite films present high humidity sensitivity for monitoring respiration and finger contact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Wu
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Engineering
Research Center of Polymer Green Recycling of Ministry of Education,
College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xunwen Sun
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Rui Xiong
- State Key
Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Niu Y, Du T, Liu Y. Biomechanical Characteristics and Analysis Approaches of Bone and Bone Substitute Materials. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14040212. [PMID: 37103302 PMCID: PMC10146666 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone has a special structure that is both stiff and elastic, and the composition of bone confers it with an exceptional mechanical property. However, bone substitute materials that are made of the same hydroxyapatite (HA) and collagen do not offer the same mechanical properties. It is important for bionic bone preparation to understand the structure of bone and the mineralization process and factors. In this paper, the research on the mineralization of collagen is reviewed in terms of the mechanical properties in recent years. Firstly, the structure and mechanical properties of bone are analyzed, and the differences of bone in different parts are described. Then, different scaffolds for bone repair are suggested considering bone repair sites. Mineralized collagen seems to be a better option for new composite scaffolds. Last, the paper introduces the most common method to prepare mineralized collagen and summarizes the factors influencing collagen mineralization and methods to analyze its mechanical properties. In conclusion, mineralized collagen is thought to be an ideal bone substitute material because it promotes faster development. Among the factors that promote collagen mineralization, more attention should be given to the mechanical loading factors of bone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumiao Niu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tianming Du
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Youjun Liu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ammarullah MI, Hartono R, Supriyono T, Santoso G, Sugiharto S, Permana MS. Polycrystalline Diamond as a Potential Material for the Hard-on-Hard Bearing of Total Hip Prosthesis: Von Mises Stress Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030951. [PMID: 36979930 PMCID: PMC10045939 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to polymeric wear debris causing osteolysis from polymer, metal ions causing metallosis from metal, and brittle characteristic causing fracture failure from ceramic in the application on bearing of total hip prosthesis requires the availability of new material options as a solution to these problems. Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) has the potential to become the selected material for hard-on-hard bearing in view of its advantages in terms of mechanical properties and biocompatibility. The present study contributes to confirming the potential of PCD to replace metals and ceramics for hard-on-hard bearing through von Mises stress investigations. A computational simulation using a 2D axisymmetric finite element model of hard-on-hard bearing under gait loading has been performed. The percentage of maximum von Mises stress to respective yield strength from PCD-on-PCD is the lowest at 2.47%, with CoCrMo (cobalt chromium molybdenum)-on-CoCrMo at 10.79%, and Al2O3 (aluminium oxide)-on-Al2O3 at 13.49%. This confirms that the use of PCD as a hard-on-hard bearing material is the safest option compared to the investigated metal and ceramic hard-on-hard bearings from the mechanical perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imam Ammarullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rachmad Hartono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Toto Supriyono
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Gatot Santoso
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - S Sugiharto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muki Satya Permana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
- Biomechanics and Biomedics Engineering Research Centre, Universitas Pasundan, Bandung 40153, West Java, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan Z, Hu Y, Shi H, Wang P, Liu Z, Tian Y, Zhuang Z. Experimentally characterizing the spatially varying anisotropic mechanical property of cancellous bone via a Bayesian calibration method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 138:105643. [PMID: 36603525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Traditional experimental tests for characterizing bone's mechanical properties usually hypothesize a uniaxial stress condition without quantitatively evaluating the influence of spatially varying principal material orientations, which cannot accurately predict the mechanical properties distribution of bones in vivo environment. In this study, a Bayesian calibrating procedure was developed using quantified multiaxial stress to investigate cancellous bone's local anisotropic elastic performance around joints as the spatial variation of main bearing orientations. First, the bone cube specimens from the distal femur of sheep are prepared using traditional anatomical axes. The multiaxial stress state of each bone specimen is calibrated using the actual principal material orientations derived from fabric tensor at different anatomical locations. Based on the calibrated multiaxial stress state, the process of identifying mechanical properties is described as an inverse problem. Then, a Bayesian calibration procedure based on a surrogate constitutive model was developed via multiaxial stress correction to identify the anisotropic material parameters. Finally, a comparison between the experiment and simulation results is discussed by applying the optimal model parameters obtained from the Bayesian probability distribution. Compared to traditional uniaxial methods, our results prove that the calibration based on the spatial variation of the main bearing orientations can significantly improve the accuracy of characterizing regional anisotropic mechanical responses. Moreover, we determine that the actual mechanical property distribution is influenced by complicated mechanical stimulation. This study provides a novel method to evaluate the spatially varying mechanical properties of bone tissues enduring complex mechanical loading accurately and effectively. It is expected to provide more realistic mechanical design targets in vivo for a personalized artificial bone prosthesis in clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Yan
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Huibin Shi
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhanli Liu
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Yun Tian
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China; Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Zhuang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim YS, Baek JW, Jin Z, Jeon HC, Han MW, Lim JY. Mechanical Properties of a Bone-like Bioceramic-Epoxy-Based Composite Material with Nanocellulose Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:739. [PMID: 36676477 PMCID: PMC9863595 DOI: 10.3390/ma16020739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Several composite materials are being investigated as reinforcement fillers for surgery simulations. This study presents an artificial composite material with properties similar to those of the human bone, which may be used in surgery simulations. Moreover, considering the potential toxicity of debris generated during sawing, a safe epoxy-based composite material was synthesized using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and bioceramics (i.e., hydroxyapatite, Yttria stabilized zirconia oxide, Zirconia oxide), which were used to mimic the stiffness of human bone. To examine the change in mechanical properties according to the composition, 1, 3, and 5 wt% of CNCs were mixed with 5 wt% of the bioceramics. When CNCs were added at 1 wt%, there was a confirmed change in the non-linear stiffness and ductility. The CNC-added specimen fractured when forming a nano-network around the local CNCs during curing. In contrast, the specimen without CNCs was more densely structured, and combined to form a network of all specimens such that a plastic region could exist. Thus, this study successfully manufactured a material that could mimic longitudinal and transverse characteristics similar to those of real human bone, as well as exhibit mechanical properties such as strength and stiffness. Bioceramics are harmless to the human body, and can be used by controlling the added quantity of CNCs. We expect that this material will be suitable for use in surgery simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seong Kim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Baek
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengyun Jin
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chang Jeon
- Quantum Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Han
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong Yeon Lim
- Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Panchenko S, Kolosov D, Onyshchenko S, Zub T, Chechel T. Study of the Stress-Strain State of the "Bone–Fixation Plate" System in Conjunction With Cortical Tissue Mechanical Properties. INNOVATIVE BIOSYSTEMS AND BIOENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.20535/ibb.2022.6.2.264237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Bone osteosynthesis is considered one of the most efficient methods of treating fractures of long tubular bones. Development of modern computer technology and specialized software makes it possible for a traumatologist to perform preliminary efficiency estimation of osteosynthesis using fixation plates of various designs. Results of such studies can significantly depend on calculation model parameters. In most papers related to the study of a stress-strain state of “bone–fixator” systems, bone tissue is considered as a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic medium. However, in fact it is heterogeneous and has an anisotropy of mechanical characteristics. Accordingly in a case of using a simplified isotropic model of bone tissue, when performing calculations, there is a possibility of obtaining inaccurate results.
Objective. Estimation of influence of orthotropy of the bone tissue physical and mechanical properties on a stress-strain state of the “bone–fixator” system.
Methods. The study is performed in the software environment based on the finite element method. Osteosynthesis of a low transverse fracture of a fibula using a smooth plate is selected as a computational case. Two computational models simplified in terms of geometry are constructed to solve the problem. These models are different only in properties of cortical bone tissue.
Results. Analysis of a stress state in elements of models indicated that normal stresses reached the highest values, and tangential stresses are relatively small. In addition, the character of stress distribution turned out to be significantly inhomogeneous. However, stress state patterns are qualitatively similar for both computational models. A common feature of the maximum stresses both in the bone and in the plate turned out to be that all the maximum stresses are the result of their concentration.
Conclusions. Consideration of orthotropy of elastic parameters of a bone led to significant quantitative changes in the indicators of a stress state. It is established that the minimum safety margins for both models turned out to be considered by the maximum tensile stresses acting in the vertical direction. A similar result in estimating bone strength also occurs in a case when only elastic orthotropy is considered, but the orthotropy of strength indicators is not considered. If the strength orthotropy is considered for the isotropic model of cortical bone, the pattern changes qualitatively. The normal tensile stress directed along the tangent to a circumference of bone cross-section is considered unsafe. Calculations results indicate a possibility of using an isotropic model of cortical tissue when performing comparative estimations in order to identify the most efficient, in terms of strength, fixation plate designs.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bioresorbable Chitosan-Based Bone Regeneration Scaffold Using Various Bioceramics and the Alteration of Photoinitiator Concentration in an Extended UV Photocrosslinking Reaction. Gels 2022; 8:gels8110696. [DOI: 10.3390/gels8110696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is an ongoing field of research based on clinical needs to treat delayed and non-union long bone fractures. An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should have a biodegradability property matching the rate of new bone turnover, be non-toxic, have good mechanical properties, and mimic the natural extracellular matrix to induce bone regeneration. In this study, biodegradable chitosan (CS) scaffolds were prepared with combinations of bioactive ceramics, namely hydroxyapatite (HAp), tricalcium phosphate-α (TCP- α), and fluorapatite (FAp), with a fixed concentration of benzophenone photoinitiator (50 µL of 0.1% (w/v)) and crosslinked using a UV curing system. The efficacy of the one-step crosslinking reaction was assessed using swelling and compression testing, SEM and FTIR analysis, and biodegradation studies in simulated body fluid. Results indicate that the scaffolds had comparable mechanical properties, which were: 13.69 ± 1.06 (CS/HAp), 12.82 ± 4.10 (CS/TCP-α), 13.87 ± 2.9 (CS/HAp/TCP-α), and 15.55 ± 0.56 (CS/FAp). Consequently, various benzophenone concentrations were added to CS/HAp formulations to determine their effect on the degradation rate. Based on the mechanical properties and degradation profile of CS/HAp, it was found that 5 µL of 0.1% (w/v) benzophenone resulted in the highest degradation rate at eight weeks (54.48% degraded), while maintaining compressive strength between (4.04 ± 1.49 to 10.17 ± 4.78 MPa) during degradation testing. These results indicate that incorporating bioceramics with a suitable photoinitiator concentration can tailor the biodegradability and load-bearing capacity of the scaffolds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Iolascon G, Paoletta M, Liguori S, Gimigliano F, Moretti A. Bone fragility: conceptual framework, therapeutic implications, and COVID-19-related issues. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2022; 14:1759720X221133429. [PMID: 36317067 PMCID: PMC9614590 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x221133429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone fragility is the susceptibility to fracture even for common loads because of structural, architectural, or material alterations of bone tissue that result in poor bone strength. In osteoporosis, quantitative and qualitative changes in density, geometry, and micro-architecture modify the internal stress state predisposing to fragility fractures. Bone fragility substantially depends on the structural behavior related to the size and shape of the bone characterized by different responses in the load-deformation curve and on the material behavior that reflects the intrinsic material properties of the bone itself, such as yield and fatigue. From a clinical perspective, the measurement of bone density by DXA remains the gold standard for defining the risk of fragility fracture in all population groups. However, non-quantitative parameters, such as macro-architecture, geometry, tissue material properties, and microcracks accumulation can modify the bone's mechanical strength. This review provides an overview of the role of different contributors to bone fragility and how these factors might be influenced by the use of anti-osteoporotic drugs and by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Iolascon
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Paoletta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Liguori
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| | - Antimo Moretti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shen Y, Wang N, Zhang Q, Liu Y, Wu Q, He Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Qin L, Zhang Q. Jin-Tian-Ge ameliorates ovariectomy-induced bone loss in rats and modulates osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Chin Med 2022; 17:78. [PMID: 36195960 PMCID: PMC9533506 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tiger bone, which had been one of the most famous traditional Chinese medicine for 2000 years, was originate from the skeleton of Panthera tigris L., and had the actions of anti-inflammatory, analgesic, immune-regulatory and promoting healing of bone fracture, and was used for the treatment of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Jin-Tian-Ge (JTG), the artificial tiger bone powder, were prepared from skeletons of several farmed animals to substitute the natural tiger bone, and has been used for the treatment of osteoporosis in clinical practice. However, the characteristic and mechanism of action of JTG for the therapy of osteoporosis need to be further evidenced by using modern pharmacological methods. The aim of this work is to investigate the bone-protective effects of JTG, and explore the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Ovariectomy (OVX) rats were orally administrated JTG or estradiol valerate (EV) for 12 weeks. We investigated the pharmacodynamic effects of JTG on anti-bone loss in OVX rats, and also investigated the role of JTG in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. RESULTS JTG increased the bone mineral density (BMD), improved the bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in ovariectomized rast, whereas reversed the bone high turnover in OVX rats as evidenced by serum biochemical markers in OVX rats. JTG increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro, and up-regulated the expression of the key proteins of BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. JTG also inhibited the osteoclastogenesis of BMM as evidenced by the alteration of the TRAP activity, F-actin construction and the expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, Cathepsin K (Ctsk) and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) of OCs induced with RANKL and LPS, reduced the expression and phosphorylation of NF-κB in OCs. CONCLUSIONS JTG prevented bone loss in OVX rats and increased osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs through regulation of the BMP and Wnt/β-catenin pathway, inhibited osteoclastogenesis by suppressing the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that JTG had the potentials for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis by modulating formation and differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Wang
- Ginwa Enterprise (Group) INC, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuling Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qudi Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine & Health Industry Group CO., LTD, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanlong Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Binwen Road 584, 310053, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Treatment Effect of Platelet Gel on Reconstructing Bone Defects and Nonunions: A Review of In Vivo Human Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911377. [PMID: 36232679 PMCID: PMC9570043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In ideal circumstances, a fractured bone can heal properly by itself or with the aid of clinical interventions. However, around 5% to 10% of bone fractures fail to heal properly within the expected time even with the aid of clinical interventions, resulting in nonunions. Platelet gel is a blood-derived biomaterial used in regenerative medicine aiming to promote wound healing and regeneration of damaged tissues. The purpose of this paper is to review relevant articles in an attempt to explore the current consensus on the treatment effect of platelet gel on reconstructing bone defects and nonunions, hoping to provide a valuable reference for clinicians to make treatment decisions in clinical practice. Based on the present review, most of the studies applied the combination of platelet gel and bone graft to reconstruct bone defects and nonunions, and most of the results were positive, suggesting that this treatment strategy could promote successful reconstruction of bone defects and nonunions. Only two studies tried to apply platelet gel alone to reconstruct bone defects and nonunions, therefore a convincing conclusion could not be made yet regarding the treatment effect of platelet gel alone on reconstructing bone defects and nonunions. Only one study applied platelet gel combined with extracorporeal shock wave therapy to reconstruct nonunions, and the results were positive; the hypothetical mechanism of this treatment strategy is reasonable and sound, and more future clinical studies are encouraged to further justify the effectiveness of this promising treatment strategy. In conclusion, the application of platelet gel could be a promising and useful treatment method for reconstructing bone defects and nonunions, and more future clinical studies are encouraged to further investigate the effectiveness of this promising treatment method.
Collapse
|
16
|
Translating Material Science into Bone Regenerative Medicine Applications: State-of-The Art Methods and Protocols. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169493. [PMID: 36012749 PMCID: PMC9409266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, bone regenerative research has experienced exponential growth thanks to the discovery of new nanomaterials and improved manufacturing technologies that have emerged in the biomedical field. This revolution demands standardization of methods employed for biomaterials characterization in order to achieve comparable, interoperable, and reproducible results. The exploited methods for characterization span from biophysics and biochemical techniques, including microscopy and spectroscopy, functional assays for biological properties, and molecular profiling. This review aims to provide scholars with a rapid handbook collecting multidisciplinary methods for bone substitute R&D and validation, getting sources from an up-to-date and comprehensive examination of the scientific landscape.
Collapse
|
17
|
A Simple Replica Method as the Way to Obtain a Morphologically and Mechanically Bone-like Iron-Based Biodegradable Material. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134552. [PMID: 35806677 PMCID: PMC9267498 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Porous iron-based scaffolds were prepared by the simple replica method using polyurethane foam as a template and applying the sintering process in a tube furnace. Their surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and phase homogeneity was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behavior was determined using immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The surface energy was calculated by studying the changes of enthalpy of calorimetric immersion. A preliminary biological test was also carried out and was done using the albumin adsorption procedure. Results of our work showed that in using the simple replica method it is possible to obtain iron biomaterial with morphology and mechanical properties almost identical to bones, and possessing adequate wettability, which gives the potential to use this material as biomaterial for scaffolds in orthopedics.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yuan D, Wu Z, Luo S, Zou Q, Zou Z, Ye C. Impact of Femoral Neck Cortical Bone Defect Induced by Core Decompression on Postoperative Stability: A Finite Element Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3667891. [PMID: 35647189 PMCID: PMC9142285 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3667891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyze the impact of femoral neck cortical bone defect induced by core decompression on postoperative biomechanical stability using the finite element method. Methods Five finite element models (FEMs) were established, including the standard operating model and four models of cortical bone defects at different portions of the femoral neck (anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior). The maximum stress of the proximal femur was evaluated during normal walking and walking downstairs. Results Under both weight-bearing conditions, the maximum stress values of the five models were as follows: femoral neck (inferior) > femoral neck (superior) > femoral neck (posterior) > femoral neck (anterior) > standard operation. Stress concentration occurred in the areas of femoral neck cortical bone defect. Under normal walking, the maximum stress of four bone defect models and its increased percentage comparing the standard operation were as follows: anterior (17.17%), posterior (39.02%), superior (57.48%), and inferior (76.42%). The maximum stress was less than the cortical bone yield strength under normal walking conditions. Under walking downstairs, the maximum stress of four bone defect models and its increased percentage comparing the standard operation under normal walking were as follows: anterior (36.75%), posterior (67.82%), superior (83.31%), and inferior (103.65%). Under walking downstairs conditions, the maximum stress of bone defect models (anterior, posterior, and superior) was less than the yield strength of cortical bone, while the maximum stress of bone defect model (inferior) excessed yield strength value. Conclusions The femoral neck cortical bone defect induced by core decompression can carry out normal walking after surgery. To avoid an increased risk of fracture after surgery, walking downstairs should be avoided when the cortical bone defect is inferior to the femoral neck except for the other three positions (anterior, posterior, and superior).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daizhu Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Sports Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zhanyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Qiang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Zihao Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
A bioactive porous scaffold containing collagen/ phosphorous-modified polycaprolactone for osteogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) alloy is one of the most widely used orthopedic implant materials due to its mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility nature. Porous Ti64 structures are gaining more research interest as bone implants as they can help in reducing the stress-shielding effect when compared to their solid counterpart. The literature shows that porous Ti64 implants fabricated using different additive manufacturing (AM) process routes, such as laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) and electron beam melting (EBM) can be tailored to mimic the mechanical properties of natural bone. This review paper categorizes porous implant designs into non-gradient (uniform) and gradient (non-uniform) porous structures. Gradient porous design appears to be more promising for orthopedic applications due to its closeness towards natural bone morphology and improved mechanical properties. In addition, this paper outlines the details on bone structure and its properties, mechanical properties, fatigue behavior, multifunctional porous implant designs, current challenges, and literature gaps in the research studies on porous Ti64 bone implants.
Collapse
|
21
|
Troy E, Tilbury MA, Power AM, Wall JG. Nature-Based Biomaterials and Their Application in Biomedicine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3321. [PMID: 34641137 PMCID: PMC8513057 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers, based on proteins or polysaccharides, have attracted increasing interest in recent years due to their broad potential uses in biomedicine. The chemical stability, structural versatility, biocompatibility and high availability of these materials lend them to diverse applications in areas such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing. Biomaterials purified from animal or plant sources have also been engineered to improve their structural properties or promote interactions with surrounding cells and tissues for improved in vivo performance, leading to novel applications as implantable devices, in controlled drug release and as surface coatings. This review describes biomaterials derived from and inspired by natural proteins and polysaccharides and highlights their promise across diverse biomedical fields. We outline current therapeutic applications of these nature-based materials and consider expected future developments in identifying and utilising innovative biomaterials in new biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Troy
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
| | - Maura A. Tilbury
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Power
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - J. Gerard Wall
- Microbiology, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland; (E.T.); (M.A.T.)
- SFI Centre for Medical Devices (CÚRAM), NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|