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Zhang C, Li Y, Yu Z, Liu Y, Dong L. Effectiveness of biological drying for citric acid dewatered sludge: Evaluating the impact of energy-efficient ventilation strategies. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 182:237-249. [PMID: 38677141 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of dehydration and utilization processes for citric acid dewatered sludge is hampered by its high concentrations of polysaccharides, proteins, and water-binding properties of microbial extracellular polymers (EPS). This research explores the efficacy and mechanisms involved in extracting water from this type of sludge using biological drying technology, with varying rates of ventilation. Especially pertinent was the use of low ventilation rates as control variables. Our results suggest that a scheduled intermittent ventilation at lower rates allows for the most efficient removal of water, achieving a rate of 41.71 % within eight days, according to the zero-order kinetic model. Remarkably, the peak temperature registered was 60 °C, reaching this threshold in just 0.1 days and maintaining high temperatures for approximately 5.9 days. Component analysis of organic matter illustrated a preferential degradation process for lipids under these ventilation conditions which is pivotal for releasing and transforming bound water for efficient extraction, as well as facilitating the breakdown of easily hydrolysable materials. Further, polysaccharide/protein (EPS) decomposition contributed to water removal, though less significantly. The periodic ventilation strategy allowed for the maximum cumulative temperature to be sustained, demonstrating superior efficiency in harnessing bio-generated heat (82.77 % for water evaporation), resulting in dry sludge suitable for self-sustained combustion at relatively low cost ($26.61/t). Highlighted by this study is the considerable potential of energy-efficient ventilation methods in the biological drying treatment of citric acid fermented sludge and similar industrial waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - YangYang Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhanQiu Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - YanFeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing, China
| | - LiMing Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing, China.
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Ye Y, Huang Q, Li X. Effect of Fiber Loading on Mechanical and Flame-Retardant Properties of Poplar-Fiber-Reinforced Gypsum Composites. Molecules 2024; 29:2674. [PMID: 38893551 PMCID: PMC11174024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Gypsum-based composites were prepared via a slurry casting process using construction gypsum as the binding material and poplar fibers as reinforcing material. The effects of different fiber content and curing time on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and flame retardancy of these composites were investigated, and the influence mechanism was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometry. The results showed that the best composite mechanical strength was achieved with 10% poplar fiber- content, and the absolute dry flexural and compressive strengths reached 3.59 and 8.06 MPa, respectively. Compared with pure gypsum, the flexural strength and compressive strength increased by 10% and 19%, respectively. The inclusion of fibers somewhat prevented the migration of free water within the composites and enhanced their water resistance. At 10% fiber content, the composite's 24 h water absorption rate was 34.3%, 8% lower than that of pure gypsum, with a softening coefficient of 0.55. However, fiber content increases the porosity of gypsum-based composites. When heated, this increased porosity accelerates' heat conduction within the matrix, raising the peak and total exothermic rates, thereby weakening the composites' inherently flame-retardant properties. Poplar-fiber-reinforced gypsum-based composites offered superior performance in commercial applications, compared to pure gypsum board, providing a sustainable and green alternative for ceilings, partitions, and other applications, while broadening the prospects for gypsum-based composites in the engineering field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xingong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; (Y.Y.); (Q.H.)
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Chen Y, Mi Z, Yang J, Zheng X, Wang H, Record MC, Boulet P, Wang J, Albina JM, Huang Y. Synthesis and Characterisation of Hemihydrate Gypsum-Polyacrylamide Composite: A Novel Inorganic/Organic Cementitious Material. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1510. [PMID: 38612025 PMCID: PMC11012305 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This study combined inorganic α-hemihydrate gypsum (α-HHG) with organic polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogel to create a novel α-HHG/PAM composite material. Through this facile composite strategy, this fabricated material exhibited a significantly longer initial setting time and higher mechanical strength compared to α-HHG. The effects of the addition amount and the concentration of PAM precursor solution on the flowability of the α-HHG/PAM composite material slurry, initial setting time, and mechanical properties of the hardened specimens were investigated. The structural characteristics of the composite material were examined using XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA. The results showed that the initial setting time of the α-HHG/PAM composite material was 25.7 min, which is an extension of 127.43% compared to that of α-HHG. The flexural strength and compressive strength of the oven-dried specimens were 23.4 MPa and 58.6 MPa, respectively, representing increases of 34.73% and 84.86% over values for α-HHG. The XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA results all indicated that the hydration of α-HHG in the composite material was incomplete. The incompleteness is caused by the competition between the hydration process of inorganic α-HHG and the gelation process of the acrylamide molecules for water, which hinders some α-HHG from entirely reacting with water. The enhanced mechanical strength of the α-HHG/PAM composite material results from the tight interweaving and integrating of organic and inorganic networks. This study provides a concise and efficient approach to the modification research of hemihydrate gypsum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Zerui Mi
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Jiatong Yang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Huihu Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Marie-Christine Record
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, CEDEX 20, France
- CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, CEDEX 20, France
| | - Pascal Boulet
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
- Aix-Marseille University, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, CEDEX 20, France
- CNRS, IM2NP, 13397 Marseille, CEDEX 20, France
| | - Juan Wang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Jan-Michael Albina
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
| | - Yiwan Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Light-Weight Materials and Processing, and School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.M.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.); (H.W.); (J.W.); (J.-M.A.)
- New Materials and Green Manufacturing Talent Introduction and Innovation Demonstration Base, Wuhan 430068, China; (M.-C.R.); (P.B.)
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Vasina M, Straznicky P, Hrbacek P, Rusnakova S, Bosak O, Kubliha M. Investigation of Physical Properties of Polymer Composites Filled with Sheep Wool. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:690. [PMID: 38475373 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sheep farmers are currently facing an oversupply of wool and a lack of willing buyers. Due to low prices, sheep wool is often either dumped, burned, or sent to landfills, which are unsustainable and environmentally unfriendly practices. One potential solution is the utilization of sheep wool fibers in polymer composites. This paper focuses on the study of mechanical vibration damping properties, sound absorption, light transmission, electrical conductivity of epoxy (EP), polyurethane (PU), and polyester (PES) resins, each filled with three different concentrations of sheep wool (i.e., 0%, 3%, and 5% by weight). It can be concluded that the sheep wool content in the polymer composites significantly influenced their physical properties. The impact of light transmission through the tested sheep wool fiber-filled polymer composites on the quality of daylight in a reference room was also mathematically simulated using Wdls 5.0 software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Vasina
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, Poruba, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Premysl Straznicky
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrbacek
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Sona Rusnakova
- Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 5669, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bosak
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bottova 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Kubliha
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bottova 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
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