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Paul AR, Singh S, Hirwani J, Yadav S, Dekiwadia C, Mukherjee M, Kalyanasundaram D. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Material Property and Cell Viability of Wire Arc Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4 V. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:3096-3109. [PMID: 38764432 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) holds promise for producing medium to large industrial components. Application of WAAM in the manufacturing of biomedical materials has not yet been evaluated. The current study addresses two key research questions: first, the suitability of the WAAMed Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications, and second, the effect of Ti6Al4V's constituents (α and β phases) on the cell viability. The WAAMed Ti6Al4V alloy was fabricated (as-deposited: AD) using a metal inert gas (MIG)-based wire arc system using an in-house designed shielding chamber filled with argon. Subsequently, samples were subjected to solution treatment (950 °C for 1 h), followed by aging at 480 °C (T1), 530 °C (T2), and 580 °C (T3) for 8 h and subsequent normalization to ambient conditions. Microstructural analysis revealed ∼45.45% of α'-Ti colonies in the as-deposited samples, reducing to 23.26% postaging at 580 °C (T3). The α-lath thickness and interstitial oxygen content in the sample were observed to be proportional to the aging temperature, peaking at 580 °C (T3). Remarkably, during tribocorrosion analysis in simulated body fluid, the 580 °C-aged T3 sample displayed the lowest corrosion rate (7.9 μm/year) and the highest coefficient of friction (CoF) at 0.58, showing the effect of increasing oxygen content in the alloy matrix. Cell studies showed significant growth at 530 and 580 °C by day 7, correlated with higher oxygen content, while other samples had declining cell density. Additionally, optimal metallurgical property ranges were identified to enhance the Ti6Al4V alloy's biocompatibility, providing crucial insights for biomedical implant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit Raj Paul
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
- RMIT Centre for Additive Manufacturing, School of Engineering, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Sonu Singh
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Jaswant Hirwani
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Suraj Yadav
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and MicroAnalysis Facility, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Manidipto Mukherjee
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Mirza-Rosca J, Hulka I, Fratila A, Saceleanu A. Surface Characterization of 5M NaOH Treated Ti-Ta Alloys Exposed to Simulated Body Fluid. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1259-1261. [PMID: 37613655 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad067.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mirza-Rosca
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Spain
| | - Iosif Hulka
- Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Spain
- Research Institute for Renewable Energy, Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Anca Fratila
- Dental Medicine and Nursing, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania
| | - Adriana Saceleanu
- Dental Medicine and Nursing, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, Romania
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Gad SM, Jin Z, Emad S, Vergara JE, Yawas DS, Dagwa IM, Momoh-Bello Omiogbemi I. Potential of rare-earth compounds as anticorrosion pigment for protection of aerospace AA2198-T851 alloy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14693. [PMID: 37101480 PMCID: PMC10123218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the anticorrosion potential of carboxylic compounds; Lanthanum 4-hydroxycinnamate La(4OHCin)3, Cerium 4-hydroxycinnamate Ce(4OHCin)3 and Praseodymium 4-hydroxycinnamate Pr(4OHCin)3 for the protection of Al-Cu-Li alloy was investigated in 3.5% NaCl solution using electrochemical tests (EIS and PDP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The findings achieved show a very good correlation between electrochemical responses and surface morphologies of the exposed alloy, indicating a modification of the surface by precipitation of the inhibitor species, leading to effective protection against corrosion. At optimum concentration 200 ppm, the trend of inhibition efficiency η (%) increases in the order Ce(4OHCin)3 93.35% > Pr(4OHCin)3 85.34% > La(4OHCin)3 82.25%. XPS complemented the findings by detecting and providing information about the oxidation states of the protective species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shedrack Musa Gad
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Zelong Jin
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Seydgholamreza Emad
- Corrosion and Protection Centre, School of Materials, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | | | - Danjuma Saleh Yawas
- Shell Professorial Chair, Mechanical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru Campus, Community Market, 810211, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ishaya Musa Dagwa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Abuja, Main Campus, Airport Road, P.M.B. 117 Abuja, Nigeria
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Hulka I, Mirza-Rosca JC, Buzdugan D, Saceleanu A. Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of Ti-Ta Alloys before and after NaOH Treatment and Their Behavior in Simulated Body Fluid. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1943. [PMID: 36903057 PMCID: PMC10003825 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-xTa (x = 5%, 15%, and 25% wt. Ta) alloys produced by using an induced furnace by the cold crucible levitation fusion technique were investigated and compared. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The alloys present a microstructure characterized by the α' lamellar structure in a matrix of the transformed β phase. From the bulk materials, the samples for the tensile tests were prepared and based on the results and the elastic modulus was calculated by deducting the lowest values for the Ti-25Ta alloy. Moreover, a surface alkali treatment functionalization was performed using 10 M NaOH. The microstructure of the new developed films on the surface of the Ti-xTa alloys was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the chemical analysis revealed the formation of sodium titanate and sodium tantanate along with titanium and tantalum oxides. Using low loads, the Vickers hardness test revealed increased hardness values for the alkali-treated samples. After exposure to simulated body fluid, phosphorus and calcium were identified on the surface of the new developed film, indicating the development of apatite. The corrosion resistance was evaluated by open cell potential measurements in simulated body fluid before and after NaOH treatment. The tests were performed at 22 °C as well as at 40 °C, simulating fever. The results show that the Ta content has a detrimental effect on the investigated alloys' microstructure, hardness, elastic modulus, and corrosion behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Hulka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
- Research Institute for Renewable Energy, Politehnica University Timisoara, 138 Gavril Musicescu Street, 300774 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Julia Claudia Mirza-Rosca
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Dragos Buzdugan
- Department of Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Politehnica University Timișoara, Piața Victoriei, No. 2, 300006 Timișoara, Romania
| | - Adriana Saceleanu
- Medicine Faculty, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550024 Sibiu, Romania
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Electrochemical corrosion and impedance studies of Ti-30Zr-xNb (x = 7, 10, 13 at.%) alloy in simulated downhole environment. J Solid State Electrochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-023-05430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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Santos AA, Teixeira JVU, Pintão CAF, Correa DRN, Grandini CR, Lisboa-Filho PN. Ti-15Zr and Ti-15Zr-5Mo Biomaterials Alloys: An Analysis of Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Behavior in Phosphate-Buffered Saline Solution. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1826. [PMID: 36902942 PMCID: PMC10004271 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial for clinical needs to develop novel titanium alloys feasible for long-term use as orthopedic and dental prostheses to prevent adverse implications and further expensive procedures. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the corrosion and tribocorrosion behavior in the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) of two recently developed titanium alloys, Ti-15Zr and Ti-15Zr-5Mo (wt.%) and compare them with the commercially pure titanium grade 4 (CP-Ti G4). Density, XRF, XRD, OM, SEM, and Vickers microhardness analyses were conducted to give details about the phase composition and the mechanical properties. Additionally, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to supplement the corrosion studies, while confocal microscopy and SEM imaging of the wear track were used to evaluate the tribocorrosion mechanisms. As a result, the Ti-15Zr (α + α' phase) and Ti-15Zr-5Mo (α″ + β phase) samples exhibited advantageous properties compared to CP-Ti G4 in the electrochemical and tribocorrosion tests. Moreover, a better recovery capacity of the passive oxide layer was observed in the studied alloys. These results open new horizons for biomedical applications of Ti-Zr-Mo alloys, such as dental and orthopedical prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Alencar Santos
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Valdir Uchôa Teixeira
- Materials Science and Technology Program, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Fonzar Pintão
- Physical and Rheological Characterization Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa
- Laboratory of Anelasticity and Biomaterials, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Grandini
- Laboratory of Anelasticity and Biomaterials, Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Noronha Lisboa-Filho
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department of Physics, School of Sciences, UNESP—São Paulo State University, Bauru 17033-360, SP, Brazil
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Jimenez-Marcos C, Mirza-Rosca JC, Baltatu MS, Vizureanu P. Experimental Research on New Developed Titanium Alloys for Biomedical Applications. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9110686. [PMID: 36421087 PMCID: PMC9688035 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior of two new titanium alloys, Ti20Mo7Zr and Ti20Mo7Zr0.5Si, are investigated in this paper. The alloys have been manufactured by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) technique and studied to determine their microstructure, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties. Metallographic observations and quantitative microanalysis by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM, and energy dispersive X-rays spectroscopy EDX were performed. Data about the three-point bending test and microhardness are presented. For electrochemical properties, three different environments were used: Ringer solution at 25 °C, Ringer solution at 40 °C simulating fever condition, and 3.5% NaCl solution. Metallographic investigation revealed the biphasic and dendritic structure of both samples when the procedures were performed. Electrochemical testing in body simulation fluid, fever conditions, and saline medium showed that the lower the proportion of silicon in the samples, the higher the corrosion resistance. The formation of a titanium oxide layer on the surface of both samples was noticed using quantitative EDX analysis. The three-point bending test for the two samples revealed that the presence of silicon decreases the modulus of elasticity; the surface of the samples displayed soft and hard phases in the microhardness test. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were carried out at different potentials, and the obtained spectra exhibit a two-time constant system, attesting double-layer passive film on the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jimenez-Marcos
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, 35017 Tafira, Spain
| | - Julia Claudia Mirza-Rosca
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, 35017 Tafira, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.-R.); (M.S.B.); (P.V.)
| | - Madalina Simona Baltatu
- Department of Technologies and Equipment for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.-R.); (M.S.B.); (P.V.)
| | - Petrica Vizureanu
- Department of Technologies and Equipment for Materials Processing, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iaşi, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- Correspondence: (J.C.M.-R.); (M.S.B.); (P.V.)
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Vizureanu P. Future Trends in Advanced Materials and Processes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6554. [PMID: 36233886 PMCID: PMC9572364 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this Special Issue was to publish original high-quality research papers covering the most recent advances in materials properties, as well as comprehensive reviews addressing the relevant state-of-the-art topics in the area of materials processing, with relevant practical applications [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrica Vizureanu
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, 41 D. Mangeron St., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Bulevardul Dacia 26, 030167 București, Romania
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Electrochemical Evaluation of Protective Coatings with Ti Additions on Mild Steel Substrate with Potential Application for PEM Fuel Cells. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155364. [PMID: 35955302 PMCID: PMC9369684 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the corrosion behavior of NiCr(Ti) protective coatings deposited on mild steel substrates through laser cladding technology is studied as an alternative new material for metallic bipolar plates used in PEMFC applications. For electrochemical testing, a solution consisting of 0.5 M H2SO4 + 2 ppm F− at room temperature is used as an electrolyte. The fluoride ions are added to simulate the conditions in the PEM fuel cell due to degradation of the proton exchange membrane and fluoride release. A saturated calomel electrode (SCE) is used as a reference electrode and a platinum mesh as the counter electrode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) are used for studying the morphology of the protective coatings and the effect of Ti addition. The electrochemical evaluation consisted of measuring the open circuit potential (OCP), followed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization. It is found that the coatings with 5% Ti, 7% Ti and 10% Ti addition comply with the conditions of the US DOE regarding corrosion performance to be used as materials for the manufacture of the bipolar plates.
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López-Valverde N, Aragoneses J, López-Valverde A, Rodríguez C, Macedo de Sousa B, Aragoneses JM. Role of chitosan in titanium coatings. trends and new generations of coatings. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907589. [PMID: 35935477 PMCID: PMC9354072 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival studies of dental implants currently reach high figures. However, considering that the recipients are middle-aged individuals with associated pathologies, research is focused on achieving bioactive surfaces that ensure osseointegration. Chitosan is a biocompatible, degradable polysaccharide with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, capable of inducing increased growth and fixation of osteoblasts around chitosan-coated titanium. Certain chemical modifications to its structure have been shown to enhance its antibacterial activity and osteoinductive properties and it is generally believed that chitosan-coated dental implants may have enhanced osseointegration capabilities and are likely to become a commercial option in the future. Our review provided an overview of the current concepts and theories of osseointegration and current titanium dental implant surfaces and coatings, with a special focus on the in vivo investigation of chitosan-coated implants and a current perspective on the future of titanium dental implant coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nansi López-Valverde
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Aragoneses
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio López-Valverde
- Department of Surgery, University of Salamanca, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Antonio López-Valverde,
| | - Cinthia Rodríguez
- Department of Dentistry, Universidad Federico Henríquez y Carvajal, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Bruno Macedo de Sousa
- Institute for Occlusion and Orofacial Pain, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Polo I‐Edifício Central Rua Larga, Coimbra, Portugal
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Adamek G, Kozlowski M, Junka A, Siwak P, Jakubowicz J. Preparation and Properties of Bulk and Porous Ti-Ta-Ag Biomedical Alloys. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124332. [PMID: 35744391 PMCID: PMC9227435 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the results of the preparation of bulk and porous Ti-Ta-Ag alloys. The first step of this study was the preparation of the powder alloys using mechanical alloying (MA). The second was hot-pressing consolidation and sintering with a space holder, which resulted in high-density and high-porosity (approximately 70%) samples, respectively. Porosity, morphology, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antibacterial behavior were investigated and related to the preparation procedures. The authors found that Ta and Ag heavily influence the microstructure and determine other biomaterial-related properties. These new materials showed positive behavior in the MTT assay, and antibacterial properties. Such materials could find applications in the production of hard tissue implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Adamek
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-665-3665
| | - Mikolaj Kozlowski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Adam Junka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-534 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Siwak
- Institute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jaroslaw Jakubowicz
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Jana Pawla II 24, 61-138 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.J.)
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Wang Z, Fu B, Wang Y, Dong T, Li J, Li G, Zhao X, Liu J, Zhang G. Effect of Cu Content on the Precipitation Behaviors, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of As-Cast Ti-Cu Alloys. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051696. [PMID: 35268932 PMCID: PMC8911372 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Ti-Cu alloys have broad application prospects in the biomedical field due to their excellent properties. The properties of Ti-Cu alloys are strongly dependent on Cu content, microstructures, its Ti2Cu phase and its preparation process. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of Cu content on the precipitation behaviors, mechanical and corrosion properties of the as-cast Ti-Cu alloys. The microstructures and phase evolution were characterized by SEM and TEM, and the properties were studied by tensile and electrochemical test. The results show that the volume fraction of Ti2Cu phase increases with the increase of Cu content. The Ti2Cu phase presents a variety of microscopic morphologies with different Cu content, such as rod, granular, lath and block shaped. The crystal orientation relationships between the Ti2Cu and α-Ti matrix in Ti-4Cu and Ti-10Cu alloys are (103)Ti2Cu//(0[11¯11)α-Ti, [3¯01]Ti2Cu//[21¯1¯0]α-Ti, and (103)Ti2Cu//(0002)α-Ti, [3¯31]Ti2Cu//[12¯10]α-Ti, respectively. The tensile strength, Vickers hardness and Young’s modulus of the Ti-Cu alloys increase with the increase of Cu content, whereas the elongation decreases. The fracture morphologies of these alloys reveal ductile, ductile-brittle hybrid, and cleavage brittle mode, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the Ti-Cu alloys in SBF solution can be described as: Ti-4Cu alloy > Ti-10Cu alloy > Ti-7Cu alloy. The volume fraction of Ti2Cu phases and the “protective barrier” provided by the fine lath Ti2Cu phases strongly affected the electrochemical performances of the alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Binguo Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
- Tianjin Institute of Aerospace Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300301, China
- Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Mould Materials for Glass and Rubber in Hebei Province, Cangzhou 061100, China;
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Aerospace Mechanical and Electrical Equipment, Tianjin 300301, China
- Correspondence: (B.F.); (Y.W.)
| | - Tianshun Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jingkun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guolu Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuebo Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinhai Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; (Z.W.); (T.D.); (J.L.); (G.L.); (X.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Guixian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Mould Materials for Glass and Rubber in Hebei Province, Cangzhou 061100, China;
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