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Trembecka-Wójciga K, Ortyl J. Enhancing 3D printed ceramic components: The function of dispersants, adhesion promoters, and surface-active agents in Photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103251. [PMID: 39053160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
In the domain of photopolymerization-based additive manufacturing (3D vat printing), ceramic photopolymer resins represent a multifaceted composite, predominantly comprising oligomers, ceramic fillers, and photoinitiators. However, the synergy between the ceramic fillers and polymer matrix, along with the stabilization and homogenization of the composite, is facilitated by specific additives, notably surface-active agents, dispersants, and adhesion promoters. Although these additives constitute a minor fraction in terms of volume, their influence on the final properties of the material is substantial. Consequently, their meticulous selection and integration are crucial, subtly guiding the performance and characteristics of the resultant ceramic matrix composites toward enhancement. This review delves into the array of dispersants and coupling agents utilized in the additive manufacturing of ceramic components. It elucidates the interaction mechanisms between these additives and ceramic fillers and examines how these interactions affect the additive manufacturing process. Furthermore, this review investigates the impact of various additives on the rheological behavior of ceramic slurries and their subsequent effects on the post-manufacturing stages, such as debinding and sintering. It also addresses the challenges and prospects in the optimization of dispersants and coupling agents for advanced ceramic additive manufacturing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Trembecka-Wójciga
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 25, 30-059 Cracow, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Cracow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Ortyl
- Department of Biotechnology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Cracow, Poland; Photo4Chem Lea 114, 30-133 Cracow, Poland; Photo HiTech Ltd., Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348 Cracow, Poland.
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Zhu H, Jiang J, Wang Y, Wang S, He Y, He F. Additive manufacturing of dental ceramics in prosthodontics: The status quo and the future. J Prosthodont Res 2024; 68:380-399. [PMID: 38346729 DOI: 10.2186/jpr.jpr_d_23_00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aims to summarize the available technologies, material categories, and prosthodontic applications of additive manufacturing (AM) dental ceramics, evaluate the achievable accuracy and mechanical properties in comparison with current mainstream computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) subtractive manufacturing (SM) methods, and discuss future prospects and directions. STUDY SELECTION This paper is based on the latest reviews, state-of-the-art research, and existing ISO standards on AM technologies and prosthodontic applications of dental ceramics. PubMed, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were amongst the sources searched for narrative reviews. RESULTS Relatively few AM technologies are available and their applications are limited to crowns and fixed partial dentures. Although the accuracy and strength of AM dental ceramics are comparable to those of SM, they have the limitations of relatively inferior curved surface accuracy and low strength reliability. Furthermore, functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), a potential direction for AM, enables the realization of biomimetic structures, such as natural teeth; however, specific studies are currently lacking. CONCLUSIONS AM dental ceramics are not sufficiently developed for large-scale clinical applications. However, with additional research, it may be possible for AM to replace SM as the mainstream manufacturing technology for ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhu
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jimin Jiang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Periodontics, Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Devices of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
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Teixeira ABV, Carvalho-Silva JM, Ferreira I, Schiavon MA, Cândido Dos Reis A. Silver vanadate nanomaterial incorporated into heat-cured resin and coating in printed resin - Antimicrobial activity in two multi-species biofilms and wettability. J Dent 2024; 145:104984. [PMID: 38583645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To incorporate the nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (AgVO3) into denture base materials: heat-cured (HC) and 3D printed (3DP) resins, at concentrations of 2.5 %, 5 %, and 10 %; and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity in two multi-species biofilm: (1) Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, and Streptococcus mutans, (2) Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and the wettability. METHODS The AgVO3 was added to the HC powder, and printed samples were coated with 3DP with AgVO3 incorporated. After biofilm formation, the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL), metabolic activity, and epifluorescence microscopy. Wettability was assessed by the contact angles with water and artificial saliva. RESULTS In biofilm (1), HC-5 % and HC-10 % showed activity against S. mutans, HC-10 % against C. glabrata, and HC-10 % and 3DP-10 % had higher CFU/mL of C. albicans. 3DP-5 % had lower metabolic activity than the 3DP control. In biofilm (2), HC-10 % reduced S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, and HC-5 %, 3DP-2.5 %, and 3DP-5 % reduced S. aureus. 3DP incorporated with AgVO3, HC-5 %, and HC-10 % reduced biofilm (2) metabolic activity. 3DP-5 % and 3DP-10 % increased wettability with water and saliva. CONCLUSION HC-10 % was effective against C. glabrata, S. mutans, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus, and HC-5 % reduced S. mutans and S. aureus. For 3DP, 2.5 % and 5 % reduced S. aureus. The incorporation of AgVO3 into both resins reduced the metabolic activity of biofilms but had no effect on C. albicans. The wettability of the 3DP with water and saliva increased with the addition of AgVO3. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The incorporation of silver vanadate into the denture base materials provides antimicrobial efficacy and can prevent the aggravation of oral and systemic diseases. The incorporation of nanomaterials into printed resins is challenging and the coating is an alternative to obtain the inner denture base with antimicrobial effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Vilela Teixeira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Carvalho-Silva
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio Schiavon
- Department of Natural Sciences, Federal University of São João Del-Rei, São João Del-Rei, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cândido Dos Reis
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthesis, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Periferakis A, Periferakis AT, Troumpata L, Dragosloveanu S, Timofticiuc IA, Georgatos-Garcia S, Scheau AE, Periferakis K, Caruntu A, Badarau IA, Scheau C, Caruntu C. Use of Biomaterials in 3D Printing as a Solution to Microbial Infections in Arthroplasty and Osseous Reconstruction. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:154. [PMID: 38534839 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of microbial infections in orthopedic prosthetic surgeries is a perennial problem that increases morbidity and mortality, representing one of the major complications of such medical interventions. The emergence of novel technologies, especially 3D printing, represents a promising avenue of development for reducing the risk of such eventualities. There are already a host of biomaterials, suitable for 3D printing, that are being tested for antimicrobial properties when they are coated with bioactive compounds, such as antibiotics, or combined with hydrogels with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, such as chitosan and metal nanoparticles, among others. The materials discussed in the context of this paper comprise beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), hydroxyapatite, lithium disilicate glass, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF), poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), and zirconia. While the recent research results are promising, further development is required to address the increasing antibiotic resistance exhibited by several common pathogens, the potential for fungal infections, and the potential toxicity of some metal nanoparticles. Other solutions, like the incorporation of phytochemicals, should also be explored. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in the development of certain orthopedic implants and the potential use of AI against bacterial infections might represent viable solutions to these problems. Finally, there are some legal considerations associated with the use of biomaterials and the widespread use of 3D printing, which must be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyrios Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Elkyda, Research & Education Centre of Charismatheia, 17675 Athens, Greece
| | - Lamprini Troumpata
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia
- Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society (TILT), Tilburg University, 5037 DE Tilburg, The Netherlands
- Corvers Greece IKE, 15124 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Konstantinos Periferakis
- Akadimia of Ancient Greek and Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16675 Athens, Greece
- Pan-Hellenic Organization of Educational Programs (P.O.E.P.), 17236 Athens, Greece
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, "Carol Davila" Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, "Foisor" Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, "Prof. N.C. Paulescu" National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
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Hajjaj MS, Alamoudi RAA, Babeer WA, Rizg WY, Basalah AA, Alzahrani SJ, Yeslam HE. Flexural strength, flexural modulus and microhardness of milled vs. fused deposition modeling printed Zirconia; effect of conventional vs. speed sintering. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38185744 PMCID: PMC10771678 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various methods can be used for creating zirconia dental restorations, including 3-dimensional (3D) printing and computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) milling. The fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing method for zirconia presents numerous advantages, albeit research on the mechanical properties of these materials and resultant restorations remains scarce. Such developments are undeniably intriguing and warrant further investigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the sintering firing cycle (Conventional vs. Speed sintering) on the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and Vickers Microhardness of milled vs. FDM printed zirconia. METHODS A total of 60 bars (2 × 5 × 27 mm) were fabricated for flexural strength testing, along with 40 discs (12 × 1.5 mm) for Vickers microhardness testing. Half of the specimens underwent conventional sintering, while the other half underwent a speed sintering cycle. The flexural strength and modulus were determined by a three-point bending test in a universal testing machine. The microhardness of the specimens was evaluated using a Vickers microhardness tester. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test with a post-hoc Tukey test (p < 0.05). RESULTS CAD/CAM milled zirconia had significantly higher flexural strength and modulus than FDM-printed zirconia. The sintering process did not significantly affect the flexural strength or modulus of milled or FDM-printed zirconia. The milled speed sintering group had significantly higher values in the Vickers microhardness test compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS The mechanical properties of FDM-printed zirconia specimens were not found to be comparable to those of milled zirconia. Speed sintering cycle may produce milled zirconia restorations with similar flexural strength and modulus to conventional sintering, and even higher Vickers Microhardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher S Hajjaj
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Advanced Technology Dental Research Laboratory, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80209, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rana A A Alamoudi
- Prosthodontic Master Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Babeer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Y Rizg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine (CIPM), 3D Bioprinting Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Basalah
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed J Alzahrani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanin E Yeslam
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Timofticiuc IA, Călinescu O, Iftime A, Dragosloveanu S, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Badarau IA, Didilescu AC, Caruntu C, Scheau C. Biomaterials Adapted to Vat Photopolymerization in 3D Printing: Characteristics and Medical Applications. J Funct Biomater 2023; 15:7. [PMID: 38248674 PMCID: PMC10816811 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Along with the rapid and extensive advancements in the 3D printing field, a diverse range of uses for 3D printing have appeared in the spectrum of medical applications. Vat photopolymerization (VPP) stands out as one of the most extensively researched methods of 3D printing, with its main advantages being a high printing speed and the ability to produce high-resolution structures. A major challenge in using VPP 3D-printed materials in medicine is the general incompatibility of standard VPP resin mixtures with the requirements of biocompatibility and biofunctionality. Instead of developing completely new materials, an alternate approach to solving this problem involves adapting existing biomaterials. These materials are incompatible with VPP 3D printing in their pure form but can be adapted to the VPP chemistry and general process through the use of innovative mixtures and the addition of specific pre- and post-printing steps. This review's primary objective is to highlight biofunctional and biocompatible materials that have been adapted to VPP. We present and compare the suitability of these adapted materials to different medical applications and propose other biomaterials that could be further adapted to the VPP 3D printing process in order to fulfill patient-specific medical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif-Aliodor Timofticiuc
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Octavian Călinescu
- Department of Biophysics, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Iftime
- Department of Biophysics, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Titu Maiorescu University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Anca Badarau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristiana Didilescu
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Dentistry, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Boulevard, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
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Branco AC, Colaço R, Figueiredo-Pina CG, Serro AP. Recent Advances on 3D-Printed Zirconia-Based Dental Materials: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1860. [PMID: 36902976 PMCID: PMC10004380 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zirconia-based materials are widely used in dentistry due to their biocompatibility and suitable mechanical and tribological behavior. Although commonly processed by subtractive manufacturing (SM), alternative techniques are being explored to reduce material waste, energy consumption and production time. 3D printing has received increasing interest for this purpose. This systematic review intends to gather information on the state of the art of additive manufacturing (AM) of zirconia-based materials for dental applications. As far as the authors know, this is the first time that a comparative analysis of these materials' properties has been performed. It was performed following the PRISMA guidelines and using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to select studies that met the defined criteria without restrictions on publication year. Stereolithography (SLA) and digital light processing (DLP) were the techniques most focused on in the literature and the ones that led to most promising outcomes. However, other techniques, such as robocasting (RC) and material jetting (MJ), have also led to good results. In all cases, the main concerns are centered on dimensional accuracy, resolution, and insufficient mechanical strength of the pieces. Despite the struggles inherent to the different 3D printing techniques, the commitment to adapt materials, procedures and workflows to these digital technologies is remarkable. Overall, the research on this topic can be seen as a disruptive technological progress with a wide range of application possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Catarina Branco
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Célio Gabriel Figueiredo-Pina
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Produto e Transferência de Tecnologia, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Estefanilha, 2910-761 Setúbal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
- Center of Physics and Engineering of Advanced Materials, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Serro
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Departamento de Engenharia Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
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Jung JM, Kim GN, Koh YH, Kim HE. Manufacturing and Characterization of Dental Crowns Made of 5-mol% Yttria Stabilized Zirconia by Digital Light Processing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1447. [PMID: 36837076 PMCID: PMC9963883 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We herein report manufacturing of dental crowns made of 5-mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (5Y-PSZ) with desired mechanical properties, optical translucency and dimensional accuracy using digital light processing (DLP). To this end, all processing parameters were carefully controlled and optimized. First, 5Y-PSZ particles with a bimodal distribution were prepared via calcination of as-received granules and subsequent ball-milling and then used to formulate 5Y-PSZ suspensions with a high solid loading of 50 vol% required for high densification after sintering. Dispersant content was also optimized. To provide high dimensional accuracy, initial dimensions of dental crowns for 3D printing were precisely determined by considering increase and decrease in dimensions during photopolymerization and sintering, respectively. Photopolymerization time was also optimized for a given layer thickness of 50 μm to ensure good bonding between layers. A multi-step debinding schedule with a slow heating rate was employed to avoid formation of any defects. After sintering at 1500 °C for 2 h, 5Y-PSZ could be almost fully densified without noticeable defects within layers and at interfaces between layers. They had high relative densities (99.03 ± 0.39%) with a high cubic phase content (59.1%). These characteristics allowed for achievement of reasonably high mechanical properties (flexural strength = 625.4 ± 75.5 MPa and Weibull modulus = 7.9) and % transmittance (31.4 ± 0.7%). In addition, 5Y-PSZ dental crowns showed excellent dimensional accuracy (root mean square (RMS) for marginal discrepancy = 44.4 ± 10.8 μm and RMS for internal gap = 22.8 ± 1.6 μm) evaluated by the 3D scanning technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Jung
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Nam Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Yang SY, Koh YH, Kim HE. Digital Light Processing of Zirconia Suspensions Containing Photocurable Monomer/Camphor Vehicle for Dental Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16010402. [PMID: 36614741 PMCID: PMC9821819 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the utility of solid camphor as a novel diluent in photocurable hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) monomer to manufacture 4 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (4Y-PSZ) components for dental applications by digital light processing (DLP). The use of a 65 wt% HDDA-35 wt% camphor solution allowed 4Y-PSZ suspensions to have reasonably low viscosities (1399 ± 55.8 mPa·s at a shear rate of 75 s-1), measured by a cone/plate viscometer, at a high solid loading of 48 vol%, where 4Y-PSZ particles prepared by calcination of as-received 4Y-PSZ granules, followed by a ball-milling process, were used with assistance of a dispersant. These 4Y-PSZ suspensions could be successfully applied to our custom-made DLP machine for manufacturing 4Y-PSZ components. To this end, several processing parameters, including layer thickness of 4Y-PSZ suspension, UV illumination time for layer-by-layer photocuring process, and initial dimensions of 4Y-PSZ objects, were tightly controlled. As sintering temperature increased from 1300 °C to 1500 °C, relative density and grain size of 4Y-PSZ objects increased, and cubic phase content also increased. Thus, after sintering at the highest temperature of 1500 °C for 3 h, high mechanical properties (biaxial flexural strength = 911 ± 40.7 MPa, hardness = 1371 ± 14.4 Hv) and reasonably high optical transmittance (translucency parameter = 7.77 ± 0.32, contrast ratio = 0.809 ± 0.007), evaluated by a spectrophotometer, were obtained due to a high relative density (97.2 ± 1.38%), which would be useful for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Young Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hag Koh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Kang JH, Sakthiabirami K, Kim HA, Hosseini Toopghara SA, Jun MJ, Lim HP, Park C, Yun KD, Park SW. Effects of UV Absorber on Zirconia Fabricated with Digital Light Processing Additive Manufacturing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8726. [PMID: 36556530 PMCID: PMC9783351 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of UV absorbers on the dimensional accuracy of zirconia specimens fabricated by additive manufacturing using a digital light process. Zirconia suspension for additive manufacturing was prepared by setting the volume fractions (0, 0.005, 0.05, and 0.1%) of various UV absorbers. The effect of UV absorber content was evaluated through curing thickness, geometric overgrowth model design, linear deviation, and microstructure evaluation before and after sintering. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis H and post-tested by the Bonferroni correction method. There was no significant difference in the cure depth according to the presence or absence of the UV absorber, the difference in geometric overgrowth was from 2.1 to 12.5%, and the overgrowth significantly decreased as the amount of added UV absorber increased. This result may contribute to improved precision of 3D multilayer ceramic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ho Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kumaresan Sakthiabirami
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Evaluation and Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mee-Jin Jun
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Gwangju Health University, Gwangju 62287, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Pil Lim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwi-Dug Yun
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Park
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Evaluation and Research Centre, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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