1
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Zou W, Deng J, Wang Z, Sun D, Zou N. Encapsulation of thermochromic tetradecyl myristate/methyl red composite via full poplar-based cellulose/lignin/SiO 2 framework for preparation of thermochromic wood with thermal response and storage. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133881. [PMID: 39029822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Thermochromic wood (TW), a smart material that can respond to temperature changes and store thermal energy, holds broad potential for application in the construction industry. This study fabricated thermochromic poplar (TP) by encapsulating a thermochromic phase change material (TPCM), consisting of tetradecyl myristate and methyl red, within a full poplar-based cellulose/lignin/SiO2 framework. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses indicate that the poplar matrix and the incorporated SiO2 formed an integrated cellulose/lignin/SiO2 framework, which encapsulated the TPCM within the poplar ducts. The TP exhibits a color change from light purple to dark purple within the temperature range of 30-48 °C, with a pronounced shift at approximately 42 °C, correlating with the sensation of scalding. Thus, TP-based products can alert users to the risk of scalding through a noticeable color change. The full poplar-based framework mitigates the impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the TP and prevents the loss of TPCM during thermal processing. The mechanical properties of TP are enhanced to a strength grade comparable to that of Manchurian ash wood, making it suitable for load-bearing components in wooden structures. Additionally, the average temperature of TP is around 10 °C higher than that of untreated poplar within 25 min after the same thermal treatment. Consequently, TP can serve as a building material with capabilities for temperature response, thermal energy storage, and structural load-bearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zou
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Jie Deng
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhangheng Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Delin Sun
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Naike Zou
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha 410004, China
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2
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Zeng K, Xue C, Wu J, Wen W. Development of Advanced Solid-State Thermochromic Materials for Responsive Smart Window Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2385. [PMID: 39204604 PMCID: PMC11359470 DOI: 10.3390/polym16162385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study introduces the synthesis and detailed characterization of a novel thermochromic material capable of reversible alterations in its thermotropic transmittance. Through an emulsion polymerization process, this newly developed material is composed of 75-85% octadecyl acrylate and 0-7% allyl methacrylate, demonstrating a pronounced discoloration effect across a narrow yet critical temperature range of 24.5-39 °C. The synthesized powder underwent a battery of tests, including differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy. These comprehensive evaluations confirmed the material's exceptional thermal stability, uniform particle size distribution, and strong anchoring properties. Building upon these findings, we advanced the development of thermochromic polyvinyl butyral films and laminated glass products. By utilizing a coextrusion technique, we integrated these films into laminated glass, setting a new benchmark against existing glass technologies. Remarkably, the incorporation of thermochromic PVB films into laminated glass led to a significant reduction in solar irradiance of 20-30%, outperforming traditional double silver low-emissivity glass. This achievement demonstrates the exceptional shading and thermal insulation properties of the material. The research presented herein not only pioneers a valuable methodology for the engineering of smart materials with tunable thermotropic transmittance but also holds the key to unlocking enhanced energy efficiency across a spectrum of applications. The potential impact of this innovation on the realm of sustainable building materials is profound, promising significant strides toward energy conservation and environmental stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zeng
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Chang Xue
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jinbo Wu
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
- Faculty of Materials Science, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen 518115, China
| | - Weijia Wen
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (K.Z.); (J.W.)
- Department of Physics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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3
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Supian ABM, Asyraf MRM, Syamsir A, Najeeb MI, Alhayek A, Al-Dala’ien RN, Manar G, Atiqah A. Thermochromic Polymer Nanocomposites for the Heat Detection System: Recent Progress on Properties, Applications, and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1545. [PMID: 38891491 PMCID: PMC11174980 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversible thermochromic polymers have emerged as compelling candidates in recent years, captivating attention for their application in heat detection systems. This comprehensive review navigates through the multifaceted landscape, intricately exploring both the virtues and hurdles inherent in their integration within these systems. Their innate capacity to change colour in response to temperature fluctuations renders reversible thermochromic nanocomposites promising assets for heat detection technologies. However, despite their inherent potential, certain barriers hinder their widespread adoption. Factors such as a restricted colour spectrum, reliance on external triggers, and cost considerations have restrained their pervasive use. For instance, these polymer-based materials exhibit utility in the domain of building insulation, where their colour-changing ability serves as a beacon, flagging areas of heat loss or inadequate insulation, thus alerting building managers and homeowners to potential energy inefficiencies. Nevertheless, the limited range of discernible colours may impede precise temperature differentiation. Additionally, dependency on external stimuli, such as electricity or UV light, can complicate implementation and inflate costs. Realising the full potential of these polymer-based materials in heat detection systems necessitates addressing these challenges head-on. Continuous research endeavours aimed at augmenting colour diversity and diminishing reliance on external stimuli offer promising avenues to enhance their efficacy. Hence, this review aims to delve into the intricate nuances surrounding reversible thermochromic nanocomposites, highlighting their transformative potential in heat detection and sensing. By exploring their mechanisms, properties, and current applications, this manuscript endeavours to shed light on their significance, providing insights crucial for further research and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. M. Supian
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Defence Research and Technology (CODRAT), Universiti Pertahanan National Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Engineering Design Research Group (EDRG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Agusril Syamsir
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
- Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.)
| | - M. I. Najeeb
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdulrahman Alhayek
- Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.)
| | - Rayeh Nasr Al-Dala’ien
- Civil Engineering Department, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan IKRAM-UNITEN, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.)
| | - Gunasilan Manar
- Centre for Defence Research and Technology (CODRAT), Universiti Pertahanan National Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - A. Atiqah
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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4
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Nematollahi AH, Fathi S, Mahravan A. Investigating the energy-saving potential of using thermochromic coatings on opaque and transparent elements of educational buildings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18157-18170. [PMID: 36757595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25723-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Buildings consume about 40% of global energy. It is essential to use various measures to reduce the energy consumption of the buildings as much as possible. This research investigates the impact of using a new combination of thermochromic (TC) materials in the building envelope of educational buildings. A case study building at Razi University was selected, and a 3D model was created in DesignBuilder software. Firstly, TC coating for external walls was entered into the base model, and several simulations were performed to find the effect of this coating on the energy consumption of the building. Then, a low-emissivity thermochromic (LETC) window was defined using energy management system (EMS) scripting and was entered into the base model. Finally, these two measures were combined, and the cumulative effect of using both TC coating on the external walls and LETC window was identified. Results indicated that the simultaneous application of these two measures reduced the heating demand of the building more in Tabriz, with the least cooling degree days (CDD). Also, simulation results revealed that the simultaneous use of these measures decreased the cooling demand of the building more in Bandar Abbas, with the highest CDD. Using TC coating on the external walls and LETC windows together reduced the energy consumption of the building more in Bandar Abbas. Consequently, integrating these measures can reduce the heating demand of educational buildings more in heating-dominated climates. Also, the simultaneous use of these measures can reduce cooling demand more in cooling-dominated climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Nematollahi
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Soheil Fathi
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abbas Mahravan
- Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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5
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Gao Y, Li K, Ren X, Gao G. Thermochromic Hydrogels with Opaque-Transparent Gradient Transition for Switchable Window and Temperature Monitor. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302147. [PMID: 37584162 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the thermochromic hydrogel was acted as suitable sandwiching material to adjust light transmission. However, to accurately control the thermochromic temperature in a wide range still was a significant challenge. Here, a simple method was explored to prepare hydrogels with gradient opaque-transparent transition thermochromic temperature from 5 °C to 53 °C, which was regulated by the aggregation state of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles by adding potassium tartrate hemihydrate and cations. Using Li+ , Na+ , and K+ as cations, the accuracy was controlled at 1 °C. Moreover, the transmittance of the hydrogel was not changed when the thermochromic temperature was adjusted. As a result, an intelligent window was fabricated by utilizing thermochromic hydrogel as a sandwiching layer into the outer glass layers, which could effectively and stably regulate the visible and infrared light. The temperature monitors/detectors were also designed, which showed excellent temperature monitoring/detecting ability. Therefore, this low-cost, high-efficient, large-scale prepared thermochromic hydrogel provided more potential for intelligent temperature devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kunming Li
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiuyan Ren
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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6
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Zhu L, Tian L, Jiang S, Han L, Liang Y, Li Q, Chen S. Advances in photothermal regulation strategies: from efficient solar heating to daytime passive cooling. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:7389-7460. [PMID: 37743823 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00500c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal regulation concerning solar harvesting and repelling has recently attracted significant interest due to the fast-growing research focus in the areas of solar heating for evaporation, photocatalysis, motion, and electricity generation, as well as passive cooling for cooling textiles and smart buildings. The parallel development of photothermal regulation strategies through both material and system designs has further improved the overall solar utilization efficiency for heating/cooling. In this review, we will review the latest progress in photothermal regulation, including solar heating and passive cooling, and their manipulating strategies. The underlying mechanisms and criteria of highly efficient photothermal regulation in terms of optical absorption/reflection, thermal conversion, transfer, and emission properties corresponding to the extensive catalog of nanostructured materials are discussed. The rational material and structural designs with spectral selectivity for improving the photothermal regulation performance are then highlighted. We finally present the recent significant developments of applications of photothermal regulation in clean energy and environmental areas and give a brief perspective on the current challenges and future development of controlled solar energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Liang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Siyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Lihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yunzheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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7
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Liu H, Deng Y, Ye Y, Liu X. Reversible Thermochromic Microcapsules and Their Applications in Anticounterfeiting. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5150. [PMID: 37512425 PMCID: PMC10384105 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The common, commercial reversible thermochromic (RT) melamine-formaldehyde resin microcapsules containing formaldehyde are very harmful to human health. To address this issue, we successfully prepared a novel formaldehyde-free microcapsule via interfacial polymerization using RT compositions as the core and poly(urethane-urea) (PUU) as the shell. The core material consisted of a color former (crystal violet lactone), a developer (bisphenol AF), and a solvent (methyl stearate). To optimize the synthesis of the microcapsules, an L9 (34) orthogonal design and single-factor experiments were employed to analyze the effects of four factors (N3300-to-L75 shell material mass ratio, core-to-shell material mass ratio, emulsifier concentration, and shear rate during emulsification) on the encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that the optimal parameter values were as follows: a shear rate of 2500 rpm, N3300-to-L75 shell material mass ratio of 1:4, core-to-shell material mass ratio of 11:5, and emulsifier concentration of 3.5%. The influence of the shear rate on the particle size and distribution, surface morphology, dispersibility, and reversible thermochromic properties of the microcapsules was investigated. Furthermore, analyses on the phase-change characteristics, thermal stability, ultraviolet aging, and solvent and acid-base resistances of the microcapsules were conducted systematically. Finally, a reversible thermochromic mark containing the RTPUU microcapsules was designed and fabricated, which could be used against falsification. Moreover, these RTPUU microcapsules can be potentially used for anticounterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuhao Deng
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xingqiang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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8
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Hirai T, Kugimoto K, Oyama S, Takeda Y. Scalable Thermochromic Composite Based on a Ternary Polymer Blend for Temperature-Adaptive Solar Heat Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19427-19434. [PMID: 37022935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A scalable and durable thermochromic composite is developed for temperature-adaptive solar heat management using a carbon absorber and a thermoresponsive polymer blend consisting of an isolated polycaprolactone phase (PCL) and a continuous phase of miscible poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyvinylidene fluoride. The ternary blend exhibits reversible haze transition originating from the melting and crystallization of PCL. The refractive index matching between the molten PCL and surrounding miscible blend contributes to high-contrast haze switching in the range of 14-91% across the melting temperature of PCL (ca. 55 °C). The solar-absorption-switching properties of the composite are due to the spontaneous light-scattering switching in the polymer blend and the presence of a small amount of carbon black. Spectral measurements indicate that the solar reflectance of the composite sheet varies by 20% between 20 and 60 °C upon lamination with a Ag mirror. Solar heat management using the thermochromic composite is successfully demonstrated under natural sunlight, thereby realizing a temperature-adaptive thermal management system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hirai
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Ko Kugimoto
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Shin Oyama
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Takeda
- Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
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9
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Topić E, Rubčić M. Structural Insights into Layered Tetrahalocuprates(II) Based on Small Unsaturated and Cyclic Primary Ammonium Cations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2236. [PMID: 36984117 PMCID: PMC10055728 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid halometallates represent a promising class of multifunctional materials, yet with many open challenges regarding the interaction between building blocks. In this work, we present a synthetic and analytical methodology for the efficient synthesis and structural analysis of a series of novel tetrahalocuprate(II) hybrids based on small alkylammonium cations. Observed robustness in geometrical motifs provided a platform for crystal structure determination, even from the complex laboratory powder diffraction data. The slight differences in inorganic layer geometry and severe differences in organic bilayer packing are quantified using well-established descriptors for these materials, and dependences of geometric parameters on anion and cation choice are accounted for. Temperature dependence of structural parameters for one of the tetrachlorocuprate hybrids that was chosen as a model unveils a possible geometrical origin of thermochromism in these materials.
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10
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Mondal I, Awasthi N, Ganesha MK, Singh AK, Kulkarni GU. Cost-Effective Smart Window: Transparency Modulation via Surface Contact Angle Controlled Mist Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:3613-3620. [PMID: 36606698 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Implementing simple and inexpensive energy-saving smart technologies in households is quite effective to accomplish on-demand privacy control and reduction in energy consumption. Conventional smart glasses face difficulty in making inroads into the consumer market due to utilizing expensive active layers, electrolytes, and transparent electrodes. Thus, the need of the hour is to develop an unconventional smart window, which should be cost-effective, power-efficient, and simple to fabricate. Against this backdrop, we report the fabrication of a new class of smart partition windows termed "mist-driven transparency switching glass". The fabrication protocol includes surface energy modification of two glass panes, followed by assembling them into a square or rectangular-shaped narrow cell with appropriate inlets and outlets for mist. In its pristine state, the device is transparent, as expected of two plain glasses forming a cell. Insertion of cool mist into the device produces tiny droplets onto the inner walls due to condensation enabling scattering of light, thereby producing the translucent state. The optimized device shows a transmittance modulation of as much as ∼65% at 550 nm, allowing it to reduce the indoor temperature by more than 30% compared to a regular glass windowpane. To realize commercial viability, a large area device (30 × 30 cm2) was fabricated, which could be operated wirelessly through a cellphone application paving the way for incorporating the Internet of Things into the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Mondal
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Nilay Awasthi
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
| | - Mukhesh K Ganesha
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh K Singh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences, Bangalore 562162, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Giridhar U Kulkarni
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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11
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Galeotti F, Scatena L, Trespidi F, Pasini M. A Comparative Study of Cellulose Ethers as Thermotropic Materials for Self-Tracking Solar Concentrators. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238464. [PMID: 36500552 PMCID: PMC9737304 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continuous growth in energy demand requires researchers to find new solutions to enlarge and diversify the possible ways of exploiting renewable energy sources. Our idea is the development of a solar concentrator based on trapping the luminous radiation with a smart window. This system is able to direct light towards the photovoltaic cells placed on window borders and produce electricity, without any movable part and without changing its transparency. Herein, we report a detailed study of cellulose ethers, a class of materials of natural origin capable of changing their state, from transparent aqueous solution to scattering hydrogel, in response to a temperature change. Cellulose thermotropism can be used to produce a scattering spot in a window filled with the thermotropic fluid to create a new kind of self-tracking solar concentrator. We demonstrate that the properties of the thermotropic fluid can be finely tuned by selecting the cellulose functionalization, the co-dissolved salt, and by regulating their dosage. Lastly, the results of our investigation are tested in a proof-of-concept demonstration of solar concentration achieved by thermotropism-based light trapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Lorenzo Scatena
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Franco Trespidi
- Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE), Strada Torre della Razza, Loc. Le Mose, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “G. Natta” (SCITEC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via A. Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.G.); (M.P.)
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12
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Resines‐Urien E, García‐Tuñón MÁG, García‐Hernández M, Rodríguez‐Velamazán JA, Espinosa A, Costa JS. Concomitant Thermochromic and Phase-Change Effect in a Switchable Spin Crossover Material for Efficient Passive Control of Day and Night Temperature Fluctuations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202253. [PMID: 35712765 PMCID: PMC9404398 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing environmental protection demand has prompted the development of passive thermal regulation systems that reduce temperature fluctuations in buildings. Here, it is demonstrated that the heat generated by the sun can trigger a spin crossover (SCO) in a molecule-base material, resulting in a concomitant color variation (from pink to white) and a phase transition. This leads to a cooling effect with respect to other thermochromic materials. In addition, when the material is cooled, a dampening of the temperature decrease is produced. Therefore, these materials can potentially be implemented for passive temperature control in buildings. Furthermore, SCO materials are remarkably stable upon cycling and highly versatile, which allows for the design of compounds with properties tailored for the desired climatic conditions and comfortable temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mar García‐Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridCSICC/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3Madrid28049Spain
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13
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A simulation of diffractive liquid crystal smart window for privacy application. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11384. [PMID: 35790764 PMCID: PMC9256592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15636-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a single substrate, we demonstrate a simple two-dimensional (2-D) phase grating cell with an octothorp electrode. Owing to the large spatial phase difference in any direction, the proposed grating cell has a high haze value in the opaque state (76.7%); Moreover, it has the advantages of a one-dimensional (1-D) phase grating cell, such as high fabricability, fast response time, and low operating voltage. Furthermore, the proposed grating cell has a faster response time than the 2-D grating cell (comparable to a 1-D grating cell). All the electro-optic parameters have been calculated using a commercial modeling tool. Consequently, we expect our proposed grating cell to find applications in virtual reality (VR)/augmented reality (AR) systems or window displays with fast response times.
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Hamaguchi T, Matsuda Y, Satomi N, Ishikawa R, Hayami S, Ando I, Kawata S. Thermochromism in a dinuclear copper complex by spin state changes at various temperatures. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Zou W, Li Z, Wang Z, Sun D, Zhang P. Poplar-based thermochromic composites that change colour at 38 °C to 46 °C. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16865. [PMID: 34413331 PMCID: PMC8377062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The red thermochromic dye (R-TD) is the tetradecanoic acid tetradecyl ester (C28H56O2) and methyl red (C15H15N3O2) mixture that has better permeability enabling its infiltration into wood and better thermochromic properties changing its colour at above 30 °C after about 0.5 min. Thicker poplar-based thermochromic composite specimens (R-PTC, thickness: 5.0 mm) were prepared by filling the R-TD into pre-treated poplar veneer (thickness: 5.0 mm) thus allowing better penetration after pre-treatment. After R-TD infiltration, the R-PTC samples were covered by polypropylene wax for preventing R-TD from overflowing from R-PTC under the action of phase-change temperature. This R-PTC, whose colour can change from light-red to dark-red at 38 °C to 46 °C, can recover to light-red at below 38 °C after about 14 h, and the peak of colour change is at about 42 °C. R-PTC will be suitable for materials used in thermochromic furniture that can indicate the surface temperature to potential users, thus allowing assessment of likely scalded pain when used the furniture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zou
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Zimu Li
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Zhangheng Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Delin Sun
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha, 410004, China.
| | - Pingfang Zhang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Shaoshan South Road 498, Changsha, 410004, China
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16
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Filtering of yellow light in a liquid-crystal light shutter for higher color contrast and reduced glare. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Kragt AJJ, Loonen RCGM, Broer DJ, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. 'Smart' light‐reflective windows based on temperature responsive twisted nematic liquid crystal polymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Augustinus J. J. Kragt
- Stimuli‐responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China
- ClimAd Technology Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Roel C. G. M. Loonen
- Unit Building Physics and Services, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Stimuli‐responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli‐responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli‐responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
- SCNU‐TUE Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM) South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou China
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven The Netherlands
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18
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Xiao X, Shi D, Yang Z, Yu Q, Kaneko D, Chen M. Near infrared-sensitive smart windows from Au nanorod–polymer hybrid photonic hydrogels. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05705c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We developed a hybrid photonic hydrogel consisting of Au NRs, the P(NIPAm-co-AAm) hydrogel, and a photonic crystal and fabricated a NIR-sensitive smart window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Dongjian Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Zhaokun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Qiuyan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Daisaku Kaneko
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Mingqing Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
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19
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Description of Thermochromic Offset Prints Morphologies Depending on Printing Substrate. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10228095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of physio-chemical properties of four printing substrates, fibrous papers (filter, bulky, recycled), and polymer film (synthetic paper) on the size of the thermochromic (TC) prints microcapsules was investigated. Results indicate that interaction between thermochromic ink and printing substrate determine the print morphology, i.e., porosity and roughness of printing substrate affect dimensions of TC microcapsules of resulting prints, while ink adhesion affects dimensional changes during heating–cooling cycle. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that microcapsules of the prints, on the surface of the smoothest synthetic paper, possess the smallest diameter and height, while, on the most porous and the most roughened surface of F paper, the microcapsules of the prints possess the highest diameter and height. By increasing the temperature to 40 °C, the biggest changes in the shape of the microcapsules (increase in height and decrease in diameter) were obtained using the surface of the hydrophilic filter paper. While using the recycled paper surface, the situation is opposite; the height and diameter of the microcapsules are reduced, and the microcapsules penetrate deeper into the paper structure (due to optimum adhesion). On the bulky paper surfaces, which are more hydrophobic than recycled paper (higher interfacial tension), the increase of temperature does not cause any significant changes in the shape and position of the microcapsules. The same behavior is observed using hydrophobic non-porous synthetic paper.
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20
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Li K, Meng S, Xia S, Ren X, Gao G. Durable and Controllable Smart Windows Based on Thermochromic Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42193-42201. [PMID: 32820627 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of smart windows to adjust sunlight to achieve energy conversion has received increasing attention. In this paper, a novel smart window was easily prepared by using thermochromic hydrogels as an interlayer and indium tin oxide films as an electric heating layer. The shielding transmission rates of visible and near-infrared light reached 88.3 and 85.4% at the temperature of 25 °C, respectively. However, the transmittance at a light wavelength of 550 nm was greater than 70% after applying voltage. The smart windows with different components could possess thermochromic temperature ranging from 28 to 35 °C, which was suitable for daily life. The smart window could maintain a stable reversible thermochromic transition. Importantly, the time of light transition and the demand of energy efficiency could be adjusted by controlling the magnitude of the output voltage, which benefited the development of energy-efficient materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Li
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shengfei Meng
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Shan Xia
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiuyan Ren
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
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21
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Rajadurai RS, Lee JH. High Temperature Sensing and Detection for Cementitious Materials Using Manganese Violet Pigment. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040993. [PMID: 32098441 PMCID: PMC7078599 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, advanced materials have attracted considerable interest in the field of temperature detection and sensing. This study examined the thermochromic properties of inorganic manganese violet (MV) with increasing temperature. According to the thermochromic test, the material was found to have reversible and irreversible color change properties. The MV pigment was then applied to cementitious material at ratios of 1%, 3%, and 5%. The mixed cement samples with MV pigment were heated in a furnace, and digital images were captured at each temperature interval to evaluate the changes in the color information on the surface of the specimen. The mixed samples exhibited an irreversible thermochromic change from dark violet to grayish green above 400 °C. At the critical temperature of 440 °C, the RGB values increased by approximately 22%–55%, 28%–68%, and 7%–25%, depending on the content of MV pigment. In Lab space, the L value increased by approximately 23%–60% at 440 °C. The a value completely changed from positive to negative, and the b value changed from negative to positive. All the values differed according to the content of MV pigment at room temperature but approached similar ranges at the critical temperature, irrespective of the amount of MV pigment. To assess the changes in their microstructure and composition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were performed on the samples exposed to temperatures ranging from room temperature to 450 °C.
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22
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Liu J, Liao W, Li P, Tang Y, Chen X, Song X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, You Y, Xiong R. A Molecular Thermochromic Ferroelectric. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3495-3499. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Chao Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Jiang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Han‐Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Meng You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Ren‐Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
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23
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Liu J, Liao W, Li P, Tang Y, Chen X, Song X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, You Y, Xiong R. A Molecular Thermochromic Ferroelectric. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Chao Liu
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Wei‐Qiang Liao
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Peng‐Fei Li
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Yuan‐Yuan Tang
- Ordered Matter Science Research CenterNanchang University Nanchang 330031 P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Gang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Xian‐Jiang Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Han‐Yue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Meng You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
| | - Ren‐Gen Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for ScienceApplications of Molecular FerroelectricsSoutheast University Nanjing 211189 P. R. China
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24
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Tajima K, Watanabe H, Nishino M, Kawamoto T. Green fabrication of a complementary electrochromic device using water-based ink containing nanoparticles of WO 3 and Prussian blue. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2562-2565. [PMID: 35496121 PMCID: PMC9048757 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09153j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We fabricated a complementary electrochromic device (ECD) by using water-dispersible nanoparticles (NP) of Prussian blue (PB) and WO3 by using a wet process, which involved just coating. Although the ECD had a thick WO3 film, it showed much higher contrast compared to other techniques. In addition, the ECD also showed fast optical switching speed and high durability over 100 cycles because of wettability control of NP inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Tajima
- Nanomaterial Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Nanomaterial Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Mizuka Nishino
- Nanomaterial Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
| | - Tohru Kawamoto
- Nanomaterial Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
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25
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Li R, Xu FF, Gong ZL, Zhong YW. Thermo-responsive light-emitting metal complexes and related materials. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00779j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the fundamentals and design strategies for the development of thermo-responsive metal–ligand coordination materials and the applications of these materials in temperature sensing, bioimaging, information security, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fa-Feng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zhong-Liang Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yu-Wu Zhong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry
- CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Kambiz Sadeghi
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeol Yoon
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Jongchul Seo
- Department of Packaging, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do, South Korea
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27
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Zhang C, Deng H, Kenderes SM, Su JW, Whittington AG, Lin J. Chemically Interconnected Thermotropic Polymers for Transparency-Tunable and Impact-Resistant Windows. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:5393-5400. [PMID: 30644710 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b19740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thermotropic polymers with the capability of thermally tuning transparency are widely applied in smart windows and energy-saving windows, playing a critical role in enhancing comfort level and energy efficiency of indoor spaces. Usually, thermotropic polymer systems are constructed by physically dispersing phase transition materials in transparent hosting materials. However, bad interfaces universally exist in these systems, resulting in poor mechanical properties, weak interfaces to substrates, or bad long-term stability. Herein, we demonstrate a novel chemically interconnected thermotropic polymer, which is obtained by reacting dodecanedioic acid (DDA) with glycerol. In the system, some of DDA molecules were cross-linked to form a polyester network, poly(glycerol-dodecanoate) (PGD). Other grafted but non-cross-linked DDA molecules form semicrystalline domains, which possess a solid-liquid phase transition within the PGD matrix. The phase transition offers the resulting hybrid materials with tunable optical transparency. The PGD-DDA system shows stable performance after 100 heating-cooling cycles. In addition, when applied for window coating, it results in tough interfacial bonding to glass substrates with toughness of >6910 J m-2 below its transition temperature and >135 J m-2 above its transition temperature. It increases the impact resistance of the window by multiple times.
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28
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van Heeswijk EPA, Kragt AJJ, Grossiord N, Schenning APHJ. Environmentally responsive photonic polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2880-2891. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09672d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This feature article focuses on photonic polymers that change colouration due to an environmental stimulus and highlights their industrial feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen P. A. van Heeswijk
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Augustinus J. J. Kragt
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- SABIC
- T&I, Plasticslaan 1
- 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom
- The Netherlands
| | - Albertus P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
- The Netherlands
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29
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Jones CL, Skelton JM, Parker SC, Raithby PR, Walsh A, Wilson CC, Thomas LH. Living in the salt-cocrystal continuum: indecisive organic complexes with thermochromic behaviour. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce02066c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The thermochromic behaviour of the haloaniline – 3,5-dinotrobenzoic acid cocrystals over the temperature range from 30–108 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen C. Parker
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
- School of Chemistry
| | | | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials
- Imperial College, London
- London SW7 2AZ
- UK
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30
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Mattox TM, Urban JJ. Tuning the Surface Plasmon Resonance of Lanthanum Hexaboride to Absorb Solar Heat: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2473. [PMID: 30563148 PMCID: PMC6316924 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While traditional noble metal (Ag, Au, and Cu) nanoparticles are well known for their plasmonic properties, they typically only absorb in the ultraviolet and visible regions. The study of metal hexaborides, lanthanum hexaboride (LaB₆) in particular, expands the available absorbance range of these metals well into the near-infrared. As a result, LaB₆ has become a material of interest for its energy and heat absorption properties, most notably to those trying to absorb solar heat. Given the growing popularity of LaB₆, this review focuses on the advances made in the past decade with respect to controlling the plasmonic properties of LaB₆ nanoparticles. This review discusses the fundamental structure of LaB₆ and explains how decreasing the nanoparticle size changes the atomic vibrations on the surface and thus the plasmonic absorbance band. We explain how doping LaB₆ nanoparticles with lanthanide metals (Y, Sm, and Eu) red-shifts the absorbance band and describe research focusing on the correlation between size dependent and morphological effects on the surface plasmon resonance. This work also describes successes that have been made in dispersing LaB₆ nanoparticles for various optical applications, highlighting the most difficult challenges encountered in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Mattox
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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31
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Zakirullin R. Optimized angular selective filtering of direct solar radiation. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2018; 35:1592-1598. [PMID: 30183015 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.35.001592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A method to optimize the angular selective filtering of direct solar radiation by minimization of light transmission of a window at a preset date and time of day, taking into account the orientation of the window to the cardinal, the latitude of the building, and the seasonal and daily distribution of solar radiation intensity, is described. Optimization is carried out using an optical filter with two thin-film surface gratings with alternating transmissive and non-transmissive parallel strips. The optimal slope angle of the strips to horizontal, the widths of the strips, the shift of input and output gratings relative to each other, and the angular characteristics of light transmittance are calculated.
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32
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Kim D, Lee E, Yoon J. Optically Bistable Switching Glazing Achieved by Memory Function of Grafted Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22711-22717. [PMID: 29883091 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Active switching glazings driven by electrical energy have been widely used for the on-demand control of the optical transmittance of smart windows; however, continuous electrical energy consumption is necessary to maintain the optical state. In this work, to minimize the energy consumption during operation of switchable windows, we have developed an optically bistable switching glazing based on the memory function in the volume change of the hydrogels. By grafting a multicomponent copolymer that has a chemical composition gradient of three different monomers onto the methyl cellulose backbone, the prepared hydrogel exhibits a smooth transition during heating and a large thermal hysteresis in the swelling behavior during cooling. On the basis of the novel thermal behavior of the triangular shape in volume phase transitions, an optically bistable window capable of retaining a switched state as well as stepwise activation, depending on the applied current, can be prepared. The developed bistable glazing is expected to provide energy-saving devices for on-demand solar control and variation in visibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials , Pusan National University , 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil , Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry , Dong-A University , 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil , Saha-gu, Busan 49315 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry Education, Graduate Department of Chemical Materials, and Institute for Plastic Information and Energy Materials , Pusan National University , 2 Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil , Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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33
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Ahmed SA, Okasha RM, Khairou KS, Afifi TH, Mohamed AAH, Abd-El-Aziz AS. Design of Thermochromic Polynorbornene Bearing Spiropyran Chromophore Moieties: Synthesis, Thermal Behavior and Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9110630. [PMID: 30965934 PMCID: PMC6418514 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of thermochromic polynorbornene with pendent spiropyran moieties has been synthesized. Functionalization of norbornene monomers with spirobenzopyran moieties has been achieved using Steglich esterification. These new monomeric materials were polymerized via Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP). In spite of their poor solubility, polynorbornenes with spirobenzopyran exhibited thermochromic behavior due to the conversion of their closed spiropyran moieties to the open merocyanine form. Moreover, these polymers displayed bathochromic shifts in their optical response, which was attributed to the J-aggregation of the attached merocyanine moieties that were associated with their high concentration in the polymeric chain. The surface of the obtained polymers was exposed to atmospheric pressure air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma system, which resulted in the reduction of the surface porosity and converted some surface area into completely non-porous regions. Moreover, the plasma system created some areas with highly ordered J-aggregates of the merocyanine form in thread-like structures. This modification of the polymers’ morphology may alter their applications and allow for these materials to be potential candidates for new applications, such as non-porous membranes for reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, or molecular separation in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
| | - Rawda M Okasha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid S Khairou
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
| | - Tarek H Afifi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdel-Aleam H Mohamed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia.
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt.
| | - Alaa S Abd-El-Aziz
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P, Canada.
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34
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Zhang D, Sun HJ, Wang MH, Miao LH, Liu HZ, Zhang YZ, Bian JM. VO₂ Thermochromic Films on Quartz Glass Substrate Grown by RF-Plasma-Assisted Oxide Molecular Beam Epitaxy. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10030314. [PMID: 28772673 PMCID: PMC5503335 DOI: 10.3390/ma10030314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2) thermochromic thin films with various thicknesses were grown on quartz glass substrates by radio frequency (RF)-plasma assisted oxide molecular beam epitaxy (O-MBE). The crystal structure, morphology and chemical stoichiometry were investigated systemically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. An excellent reversible metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) characteristics accompanied by an abrupt change in both electrical resistivity and optical infrared (IR) transmittance was observed from the optimized sample. Remarkably, the transition temperature (TMIT) deduced from the resistivity-temperature curve was reasonably consistent with that obtained from the temperature-dependent IR transmittance. Based on Raman measurement and XPS analyses, the observations were interpreted in terms of residual stresses and chemical stoichiometry. This achievement will be of great benefit for practical application of VO2-based smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- New Energy Source Research Center, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China.
| | - Hong-Jun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Min-Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Li-Hua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hong-Zhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yu-Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Inorganic Coating Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China.
| | - Ji-Ming Bian
- New Energy Source Research Center, Shenyang Institute of Engineering, Shenyang 110136, China.
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams(Ministry of Education), School of Physics and Optoelectronic Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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35
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Lee HY, Cai Y, Bi S, Liang YN, Song Y, Hu XM. A Dual-Responsive Nanocomposite toward Climate-Adaptable Solar Modulation for Energy-Saving Smart Windows. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:6054-6063. [PMID: 28112905 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel fully autonomous photothermotropic material made by hybridization of the poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel and antimony-tin oxide (ATO) is presented. In this photothermotropic system, the near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing ATO acts as nanoheater to induce the optical switching of the hydrogel. Such a new passive smart window is characterized by excellent NIR shielding, a photothermally activated switching mechanism, enhanced response speed, and solar modulation ability. Systems with 0, 5, 10, and 15 atom % Sb-doped ATO in PNIPAM were investigated, and it was found that a PNIPAM/ATO nanocomposite is able to be photothermally activated. The 10 atom % Sb-doped PNIPAM/ATO exhibits the best response speed and solar modulation ability. Different film thicknesses and ATO contents will affect the response rate and solar modulation ability. Structural stability tests at 15 cycles under continuous exposure to solar irradiation at 1 sun intensity demonstrated the performance stability of such a photothermotropic system. We conclude that such a novel photothermotropic hybrid can be used as a new generation of autonomous passive smart windows for climate-adaptable solar modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yeong Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yufeng Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuguang Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen Nan Liang
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yujie Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiao Matthew Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore, Singapore
- Environmental Chemistry and Materials Centre, Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute , 1 Cleantech Loop, 637141 Singapore, Singapore
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36
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Zhu J, Huang A, Ma H, Chen Y, Zhang S, Ji S, Bao S, Jin P. Hybrid films of VO2 nanoparticles and a nickel(ii)-based ligand exchange thermochromic system: excellent optical performance with a temperature responsive colour change. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03369e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a VO2/NLETS hybrid film with a 127% increase in ΔTsol and an evident temperature-responsive colour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Aibin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Haibin Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yunxiang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Sanpei Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shidong Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Shanhu Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Ping Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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37
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Zhu J, Huang A, Ma H, Ma Y, Tong K, Ji S, Bao S, Cao X, Jin P. Composite Film of Vanadium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Ionic Liquid-Nickel-Chlorine Complexes with Excellent Visible Thermochromic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:29742-29748. [PMID: 27739664 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vanadium dioxide (VO2), as a typical thermochromic material used in smart windows, is always limited by its weaker solar regulation efficiency (ΔTsol) and lower luminous transmittance (Tlum). Except for common approaches such as doping, coating, and special structure, compositing is another effective method. The macroscopic thermochromic (from colorless to blue) ionic liquid-nickel-chlorine (IL-Ni-Cl) complexes are selected in this paper to be combined with VO2 nanoparticles forming a composite film. This novel scheme demonstrates outstanding optical properties: ΔTsol = 26.45% and Tlum,l = 66.44%, Tlum,h = 43.93%. Besides, the addition of the IL-Ni-Cl complexes endows the film with an obvious color change from light brown to dark green as temperature rises. This splendid visible thermochromic performance makes the composite film superior in function exhibiting and application of smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan 19, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Aibin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan 19, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haibin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan 19, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yining Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan 19, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Tong
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Yuquan 19, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shidong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Shanhu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Xun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dingxi 1295, Changning, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Materials Research Institute for Sustainable Development, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , Moriyama, Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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38
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Lee E, Kim D, Yoon J. Stepwise Activation of Switchable Glazing by Compositional Gradient of Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26359-26364. [PMID: 27642662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Thermotropic glazing is one of the most promising developments for adaptive solar control; however, a monotonic transparent-opaque transition limits its practical application. In this work, to render stepwise activation of the switchable glazing, we prepared multicomposition copolymers having a compositional gradient. By slow addition of the monomers in the reaction mixture during free-radical polymerization, the blend of copolymers with each polymer having different compositions of the monomers could be prepared. We found that the developed copolymers exhibit different thermal behaviors according to the monomer composition, yielding the nearly linear transmittance change over a wide temperature range due to the gradient hydrophilic-hydrophobic balances. By combining prepared copolymers with photothermal graphene oxide as a heat transducer, we demonstrated gradual solar control of the smart window in response to sunlight intensity in outdoor testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University , 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University , 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhwan Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University , 37 Nakdong-Daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan, 49315, Republic of Korea
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39
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Zhu JT, Huang AB, Ma HB, Bao SH, Ji SD, Jin P. Solar-thermochromism of a hybrid film of VO2 nanoparticles and CoII–Br–TMP complexes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14232j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports a VO2/CoII–Br–TMP hybrid film with excellent optical performance and an evident temperature-dependent colour change.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. T. Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - A. B. Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - H. B. Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - S. H. Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - S. D. Ji
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
| | - P. Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changning
- China
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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40
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Gruber DP, Winkler G, Resch K. Comprehensive study on the light shielding potential of thermotropic layers for the development of new materials. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:150-156. [PMID: 25967611 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.000150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In recent years thermotropic overheating protection glazings have been the focus for both solar thermal collector technology and architecture. A thermotropic glazing changes its light transmittance from highly transparent to light diffusing upon reaching a certain threshold temperature autonomously and reversibly. In thermotropic systems with fixed domains (TSFD) the scattering domains are embedded in a polymer matrix, which exhibits a sudden change of the refractive index upon reaching a threshold temperature. The aim of the present study was to comprehensively investigate the light shielding characteristics and potential of TSFD materials by applying simulation of light scattering in particle-filled layers. In random walk simulations a variety of parameters were varied systematically, and the effect on the light transmission behavior of TSFD was studied. The calculation steps of the simulation process are shown in detail. The simulations demonstrate that there is great potential for the production of functional materials with high overheating protection efficiency.
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41
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Kim D, Lee E, Lee HS, Yoon J. Energy efficient glazing for adaptive solar control fabricated with photothermotropic hydrogels containing graphene oxide. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7646. [PMID: 25561372 PMCID: PMC4284500 DOI: 10.1038/srep07646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glazing for adaptive solar control is the most promising for energy efficient development, because the use of this technology in buildings can be expected to significantly impact energy use and efficiency by screening sunlight that enters a building in summer. To achieve autonomous adjustable transparency, we have developed photothermotropic material system by combining photothermal materials with thermotropic hydrogels. We found that graphene oxide dispersed within a hydrogel matrix effectively converts the photo energy of sunlight into thermal energy, providing the efficient means to trigger transparency of thermotropic hydrogels. Therefore, we could develop switchable glazing of novel photothermotropic mechanism that screen strong sunlight and heat radiation in response to the sunlight intensity, as well as the temperature. Furthermore, in this study, a prototype device was manufactured with developed materials and successfully operated in outdoor testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University
| | - Eunsu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-A University
| | - Heon Sang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dong-A University
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42
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Juetten MJ, Buck AT, Winter AH. A radical spin on viologen polymers: organic spin crossover materials in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:5516-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc07119k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A polymer containing viologen radical cation monomer units is shown to reversibly switch between paramagnetic and diamagnetic statesvianon-covalent host–guest interactions or temperature control in water.
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43
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Niklasson GA, Li SY, Granqvist CG. Thermochromic vanadium oxide thin films: Electronic and optical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/559/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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44
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Wang M, Gao Y, Cao C, Chen K, Wen Y, Fang D, Li L, Guo X. Binary Solvent Colloids of Thermosensitive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgel for Smart Windows. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie502828b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda
Rd., Baoshan, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Chuanxiang Cao
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Kaimin Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yicun Wen
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Dingye Fang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Li Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Key
Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang
Uygur Autonomous Region, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, PR China
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45
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Jarumaneeroj C, Tashiro K, Chirachanchai S. Shifting from hydrogen bond network to π-π stacking: a key mechanism for reversible thermochromic sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone). Macromol Rapid Commun 2014; 35:1397-401. [PMID: 24942891 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) thin film performs reversible thermochromic property by developing the color to be yellowish at the temperature above 190 °C. The detailed analyses based on temperature-dependent techniques suggest the thermal treatment inducing the shifting of the hydrogen bond network between the sulfonated group and the hydrated water molecules to the π-π stacking among aromatic rings in SPEEK chains. Although it is general that the polymer chain packing is unfavorable at high temperature, the present work shows a good example that when the polymer chains can form specific molecular interaction, such as π-π stacking, even in harsh thermal treatment, a rearrangement will effectively occur, which leads to an external stimuli-responsive property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatchai Jarumaneeroj
- The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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46
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Smart materials based on DNA aptamers: taking aptasensing to the next level. SENSORS 2014; 14:3156-71. [PMID: 24553083 PMCID: PMC3958272 DOI: 10.3390/s140203156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
"Smart" materials are an emerging category of multifunctional materials with physical or chemical properties that can be controllably altered in response to an external stimulus. By combining the standard properties of the advanced material with the unique ability to recognize and adapt in response to a change in their environment, these materials are finding applications in areas such as sensing and drug delivery. While the majority of these materials are responsive to physical or chemical changes, a particularly exciting area of research seeks to develop smart materials that are sensitive to specific molecular or biomolecular stimuli. These systems require the integration of a molecular recognition probe specific to the target molecule of interest. The ease of synthesis and labeling, low cost, and stability of DNA aptamers make them uniquely suited to effectively serve as molecular recognition probes in novel smart material systems. This review will highlight current work in the area of aptamer-based smart materials and prospects for their future applications.
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47
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Seeboth A, Lötzsch D, Ruhmann R, Muehling O. Thermochromic Polymers—Function by Design. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3037-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arno Seeboth
- Department of Chromogenic
Polymers, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Volmerstraße
7b, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlef Lötzsch
- Department of Chromogenic
Polymers, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Volmerstraße
7b, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Ruhmann
- Department of Chromogenic
Polymers, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Volmerstraße
7b, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Olaf Muehling
- Department of Chromogenic
Polymers, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research, Volmerstraße
7b, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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48
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49
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Yadav A, Srivastava AK, Balamurugan A, Boomishankar R. A cationic copper(i) iodide cluster MOF exhibiting unusual ligand assisted thermochromism. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:8166-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cationic CuI cluster MOF 1, {Cu6I5[(NHAQ)3PS]2(OH)·3DMF·2.5MeOH}n (AQ = 3-quinolinyl), was shown to exhibit an unusual thermochromic luminescent behaviour emitting a blue fluorescence at 298 K and a pale-orange phosphorescence at 77 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Yadav
- Mendeleev Block
- Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
- Pune, India
| | - Anant Kumar Srivastava
- Mendeleev Block
- Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
- Pune, India
| | - Ayyakkalai Balamurugan
- Mendeleev Block
- Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
- Pune, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Boomishankar
- Mendeleev Block
- Chemistry Division
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)
- Pune, India
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50
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Abstract
The colour changing temperature of the thermo-solvatochromic solution of a chloro-nickel complex, di-(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium) tetrachloronickelate, [bmim]2NiCl4 (0.14 mol L−1 in the photograph), in 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [C2OHmim]BF4, can be continuously decreased from above room temperature to well below 0 °C simply by addition of excess [bmim]Cl (1.4 mol L−1 in the photograph), bringing about unprecedented cryo-solvatochromism in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linpo Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- and Energy and Sustainability Research Division
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, UK
| | - George Z. Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- and Energy and Sustainability Research Division
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, UK
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