1
|
Görbe Á, Varga LJ, Bárány T. Development of nanoparticle-filled polypropylene-based single polymer composite foams. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19638. [PMID: 37809927 PMCID: PMC10558882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our focus was on developing and investigating nanoparticle-filled polypropylene-based single polymer composite foams. These composites had porous and nanotube-reinforced matrices, with plain woven polypropylene (PP) fabric as reinforcement. Our main objective was to enhance the energy absorption and stiffness of the single polymer composites (SPCs) by modifying their matrices. We produced SPCs with two different matrices: one of amorphous poly-alpha-olefin (APAO) and one of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blended with APAO. We observed that the APAO matrix exhibited better impregnation of the fabric due to its low viscosity, while the composites with the TPE matrix showed significantly better tensile properties. The foaming process applied to the matrices resulted in a substantial increase in energy absorption for the SPCs, while preserving their tensile properties relative to their density. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed that foaming of the APAO matrix was notably more effective, primarily due to its low viscosity. Furthermore, we successfully enhanced the stiffness and tensile properties of the SPCs by nano-reinforcing the matrices with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Due to the size of the nanotubes, this reinforcement did not compromise the impact properties of the SPCs. Scanning electron microscope images also demonstrated improved dispersion of the nanotubes within the APAO matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Görbe
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László József Varga
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bárány
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Lightweight Polymer Composites Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Šmídová N, Peidayesh H, Baran A, Fričová O, Kovaľaková M, Králiková R, Chodák I. Influence of Air Humidity Level on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Thermoplastic Starch-Montmorillonite Nanocomposite during Storage. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16030900. [PMID: 36769907 PMCID: PMC9917559 DOI: 10.3390/ma16030900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) consisting of corn starch and glycerol as a plasticizer, and TPS-montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposite were stored at room temperature in the air with relative humidities (RH) of 11, 55 and 85% for seven weeks. Mechanical testing and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) were performed to detect changes in their mechanical properties. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy monitoring the changes in molecular mobility in the samples provided an insight into relations between mechanical properties and local structure. The results of mechanical testing indicated that the addition of MMT results in the increase in the tensile strength and Young's modulus while elongation at break decreased, indicating the reinforcing effect of MMT. DMTA experiments revealed a decrease in glass transition temperature of starch-rich phase below room temperature for samples stored at higher RH (55 and 85%). This indicates that absorbed water molecules had additional plasticizing effect on starch resulting in higher mobility of starch chain segments. Recrystallization in these samples was deduced from the shape of cross-polarization magic-angle spinning 13C NMR spectra. The shape of broad-line 1H NMR spectra reflected changes in molecular mobility in the studied samples during seven weeks of storage and revealed that a high amount of water molecules impacts the starch intermolecular hydrogen bond density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália Šmídová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Hamed Peidayesh
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Baran
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Oľga Fričová
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mária Kovaľaková
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ružena Králiková
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 5, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Chodák
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Functionalization of Conductive Polymers through Covalent Postmodification. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 15:polym15010205. [PMID: 36616554 PMCID: PMC9824246 DOI: 10.3390/polym15010205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic chemical reactions have been used to functionalize preformed conducting polymers (CPs). The extensive work performed on polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and polythiophene (PT) is described together with the more limited work on other CPs. Two approaches have been taken for the functionalization: (i) direct reactions on the CP chains and (ii) reaction with substituted CPs bearing reactive groups (e.g., ester). Electrophilic aromatic substitution, SEAr, is directly made on the non-conductive (reduced form) of the CPs. In PANI and PPy, the N-H can be electrophilically substituted. The nitrogen nucleophile could produce nucleophilic substitutions (SN) on alkyl or acyl groups. Another direct reaction is the nucleophilic conjugate addition on the oxidized form of the polymer (PANI, PPy or PT). In the case of PT, the main functionalization method was indirect, and the linking of functional groups via attachment to reactive groups was already present in the monomer. The same is the case for most other conducting polymers, such as poly(fluorene). The target properties which are improved by the functionalization of the different polymers is also discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Venkatesh A, Forsgren L, Avella A, Banke K, Wahlberg J, Vilaseca F, Lo Re G, Boldizar A. Water‐assisted melt processing of cellulose biocomposites with poly(ε‐caprolactone) or poly(ethylene‐acrylic acid) for the production of carton screw caps. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Venkatesh
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lilian Forsgren
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Angelica Avella
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | | | | | - Fabiola Vilaseca
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Girona Girona Spain
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Antal Boldizar
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohamad N, Abd Ghani AA, Amran MAA, Abd Razak J, Raja Abdullah RI, Mohd Ali MA, Ab Maulod HE, Meng SS. Brief Review on Potential Production of Plastic Waste Concrete Aggregates Using Water-Assisted Melt Compounding. LECTURE NOTES IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 2022:523-532. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8954-3_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
6
|
Rivadeneira-Velasco KE, Utreras-Silva CA, Díaz-Barrios A, Sommer-Márquez AE, Tafur JP, Michell RM. Green Nanocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Starch: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193227. [PMID: 34641042 PMCID: PMC8512963 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bio-based materials has been a consequence of the environmental awareness generated over time. The versatility of native starch is a promising starting point for manufacturing environmentally friendly materials. This work aims to compile information on the advancements in research on thermoplastic starch (TPS) nanocomposites after the addition of mainly these four nanofillers: natural montmorillonite (MMT), organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF). The analyzed properties of nanocomposites were mechanical, barrier, optical, and degradability. The most important results were that as the nanofiller increases, the TPS modulus and strength increase; however, the elongation decreases. Furthermore, the barrier properties indicate that that the incorporation of nanofillers confers superior hydrophobicity. However, the optical properties (transparency and luminosity) are mostly reduced, and the color variation is more evident with the addition of these fillers. The biodegradability rate increases with these nanocompounds, as demonstrated by the study of the method of burial in the soil. The results of this compilation show that the compatibility, proper dispersion, and distribution of nanofiller through the TPS matrix are critical factors in overcoming the limitations of starch when extending the applications of these biomaterials. TPS nanocomposites are materials with great potential for improvement. Exploring new sources of starch and natural nano-reinforcement could lead to a genuinely eco-friendly material that can replace traditional polymers in applications such as packaging.
Collapse
|
7
|
Clemons C, Sabo R. A Review of Wet Compounding of Cellulose Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:911. [PMID: 33809615 PMCID: PMC8001547 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs) are an emerging class of materials with numerous potential applications, including as additives or reinforcements for thermoplastics. Unfortunately, the preparation of CNs typically results in dilute, aqueous suspensions, and the lack of efficient water removal methods has hindered commercialization. However, water may also present opportunities for improving overall efficiencies if its potential is better understood and if it is better managed through the various stages of CN and composite production. Wet compounding represents one such possible opportunity by leveraging water's ability to aid in CN dispersion, act as a transport medium for metering and feeding of CNs, plasticize some polymers, or potentially facilitate the preparation of CNs during compounding. However, there are also considerable challenges and much investigation remains. Here, we review various wet compounding approaches used in the preparation of cellulose nanocomposites as well as the related concepts of wet feeding and wet extrusion fibrillation of cellulose. We also discuss potential opportunities, remaining challenges, and research and development needs with the ultimate goal of developing a more integrated approach to cellulose nanocomposite preparation and a more sophisticated understanding of water's role in the compounding process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig Clemons
- USDA Forest Products Laboratory, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun S, Xue Y, Xu X, Ding L, Jiang Z, Meng L, Song P, Bai Y. Highly Stretchable, Ultratough, and Strong Polyesters with Improved Postcrystallization Optical Property Enabled by Dynamic Multiple Hydrogen Bonds. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yijiao Xue
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Liping Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Linghui Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia
| | - Yongping Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Wuxi HIT New Material Research Institute Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sessini V, Haseeb B, Boldizar A, Lo Re G. Sustainable pathway towards large scale melt processing of the new generation of renewable cellulose-polyamide composites. RSC Adv 2020; 11:637-656. [PMID: 35423714 PMCID: PMC8693428 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07141b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern society's growing demands for accountable high-performance and more environmentally friendly materials is leading to increased interest and fast development of sustainable polymeric composite materials. New generations of "greener" products originating from renewable resources fulfil emerging requirements of low environmental and health & safety impacts and contribute to diminishing global dependence on fossil feedstock. The preparation of sustainable polymeric composites via reliable and reproducible melt-compounding methods is still challenging but has the potential to yield applicable and market competitive products. This literature survey reviews the current state of research involving the use of cellulosic materials, as bio-sourced and sustainable reinforcement in melt-processed polyamides and focuses on the main hurdles that prevent their successful large-scale melt-compounding. Particular emphasis is dedicated to emerging bio-sourced polyamides fitting the performance of engineering materials and at the same time offering additional interesting properties for advanced applications such as piezoelectricity for transducers, sensors, actuators and energy harvesters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sessini
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá 28805 Alcalá de Henares Madrid Spain
| | - Bashar Haseeb
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology Rannvagen 2A SE-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Antal Boldizar
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology Rannvagen 2A SE-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Giada Lo Re
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology Rannvagen 2A SE-412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center (WWSC), KTH Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 56 SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drakopoulos SX, Karger‐Kocsis J, Psarras GC. The effect of micro‐fibrillated cellulose upon the dielectric relaxations and DC conductivity in thermoplastic starch bio‐composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stavros X. Drakopoulos
- Smart Materials and Nanodielectrics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science University of Patras Patras Hellas Greece
- Department of Materials Loughborough University Leicestershire United Kingdom
| | - József Karger‐Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary
- MTA–BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology Budapest Hungary
| | - Georgios C. Psarras
- Smart Materials and Nanodielectrics Laboratory, Department of Materials Science University of Patras Patras Hellas Greece
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Venoor V, Park JH, Kazmer DO, Sobkowicz MJ. Understanding the Effect of Water in Polyamides: A Review. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1855196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Venoor
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Jay Hoon Park
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - David O Kazmer
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Margaret J Sobkowicz
- Department of Plastics Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lendvai L. A novel preparation method of polypropylene/natural rubber blends with improved toughness. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László Lendvai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Széchenyi István University Győr Hungary
- Department of Polymer Engineering Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tomara GN, Karahaliou PK, Anastassopoulos DL, Georga SN, Krontiras CA, Karger‐Kocsis J. Effect of moisture and filler content on the structural, thermal and dielectric properties of polyamide‐6/boehmite alumina nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jozsef Karger‐Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest Hungary
- MTA‐BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Polystyrene/cellulose nanofibril composites: Fiber dispersion driven by nanoemulsion flocculation. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
15
|
Lendvai L, Sajó I, Karger-Kocsis J. Effect of Storage Time on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Starch/Bentonite Nanocomposites. STARCH-STARKE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- László Lendvai
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Materials Science and Technology; Széchenyi István University; Egyetem tér 1., H-9026 Győr Hungary
| | - István Sajó
- Szentágothai Research Centre; University of Pécs; Ifjúság útja 20., H-7624 Pécs Hungary
| | - József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology; Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Reinforcement of Thermoplastic Corn Starch with Crosslinked Starch/Chitosan Microparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10090985. [PMID: 30960910 PMCID: PMC6403725 DOI: 10.3390/polym10090985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microparticles of corn starch and chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, produced by the solvent exchange technique, are studied as reinforcement fillers for thermoplastic corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The presence of 10% w/w chitosan in the microparticles is shown to be essential to guaranteeing effective crosslinking, as demonstrated by water solubility assays. Crosslinked chitosan forms an interpenetrating polymer network with starch chains, producing microparticles with a very low solubility. The thermal stability of the microparticles is in agreement with their polysaccharide composition. An XRD analysis showed that they have crystalline fraction of 32% with Va-type structure, and have no tendency to undergo retrogradation. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness of thermoplastic starch increased by the incorporation of the crosslinked starch/chitosan microparticles by melt-mixing. Toughness increased 360% in relation to unfilled thermoplastic starch.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lo Re G, Sessini V. Wet Feeding Approach for Cellulosic Materials/PCL Biocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2018-1304.ch011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Lo Re
- Division of Biocomposites, Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valentina Sessini
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials, University of Mons – UMONS, Place du Parc 23, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Karger-Kocsis J, Kéki S. Review of Progress in Shape Memory Epoxies and Their Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:E34. [PMID: 30966068 PMCID: PMC6415015 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Shape memory polymer (SMP) is capable of memorizing one or more temporary shapes and recovering successively to the permanent shape upon various external stimuli. Beside of the above mentioned one-way variants, also two-way shape memory polymers (SMPs) and shape memory (SM) systems exist which feature a reversible shape change on the basis of "on-off switching" of the external stimulus. The preparation, properties and modelling of shape memory epoxy resins (SMEP), SMEP foams and composites have been surveyed in this exhaustive review article. The underlying mechanisms and characteristics of SM were introduced. Emphasis was put to show new strategies on how to tailor the network architecture and morphology of EPs to improve their SM performance. To produce SMEPs novel preparation techniques, such as electrospinning, ink printing, solid-state foaming, were tried. The potential of SMEPs and related systems as multifunctional materials has been underlined. Added functionality may include, among others, self-healing, sensing, actuation, porosity control, recycling. Recent developments in the modelling of SMEPs were also highlighted. Based on the recent developments some open topics were deduced which are merit of investigations in future works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA⁻BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characterization of layered silicate-reinforced blends of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Carbohydr Polym 2017; 173:566-572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
20
|
Affiliation(s)
- József Karger‐Kocsis
- Department of Polymer EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMuegyetem rkp. 3, BudapestH‐1111 Hungary
- MTA–BME Research Group for Composite Science and TechnologyMuegyetem rkp. 3, BudapestH‐1111 Hungary
| | - László Lendvai
- Department of Polymer EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMuegyetem rkp. 3, BudapestH‐1111 Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Thermoplastic starch modified with microfibrillated cellulose and natural rubber latex: A broadband dielectric spectroscopy study. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:711-718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
22
|
Rheological properties of graphene/nylon 6 nanocomposites prepared by masterbatch melt mixing. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-016-1144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Ludueña LN, Fortunati E, Morán JI, Alvarez VA, Cyras VP, Puglia D, Manfredi LB, Pracella M. Preparation and characterization of polybutylene-succinate/poly(ethylene-glycol)/cellulose nanocrystals ternary composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro N. Ludueña
- Composite Materials Division (CoMP)-National Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)-National Research Council (CONICET)-National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP); Solís 7575 (B7608FDQ) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Elena Fortunati
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department-UdR INSTM Strada di Pentima 4 (05100) Terni; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Juan I. Morán
- Composite Materials Division (CoMP)-National Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)-National Research Council (CONICET)-National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP); Solís 7575 (B7608FDQ) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Vera A. Alvarez
- Composite Materials Division (CoMP)-National Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)-National Research Council (CONICET)-National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP); Solís 7575 (B7608FDQ) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Viviana P. Cyras
- Ecomaterials Division-National Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)-National Research Council (CONICET)-National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP); Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, (B7608FDQ) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Debora Puglia
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department-UdR INSTM Strada di Pentima 4 (05100) Terni; University of Perugia; Perugia Italy
| | - Liliana B. Manfredi
- Ecomaterials Division-National Research Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA)-National Research Council (CONICET)-National University of Mar del Plata (UNMdP); Av. Juan B. Justo 4302, (B7608FDQ) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - Mariano Pracella
- Institute for Polymers; Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB-CNR)-Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering-University of Pisa; Largo L. Lazzarino 2 (56122) Pisa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lendvai L, Karger-Kocsis J, Kmetty Á, Drakopoulos SX. Production and characterization of microfibrillated cellulose-reinforced thermoplastic starch composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- László Lendvai
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Muegyetem rkp. 3. H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - József Karger-Kocsis
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Muegyetem rkp. 3. H-1111 Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology; Muegyetem rkp. 3. H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Ákos Kmetty
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Muegyetem rkp. 3. H-1111 Budapest Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group for Composite Science and Technology; Muegyetem rkp. 3. H-1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Stavros X. Drakopoulos
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Muegyetem rkp. 3. H-1111 Budapest Hungary
- Department of Materials Science; University of Patras; Patras GR-26504 Greece
| |
Collapse
|