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Li K, Wang J, Zhao P, Julian McClements D, Liu X, Liu F. Effect of ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction on glycosylation of goat whey protein: Structure and functional properties. Food Chem 2024; 441:138292. [PMID: 38183717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Goat whey protein (GWP) has a rich amino acid profile and good techno-functional attributes but still has limited functional performance for certain applications. This study introduces an innovative ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction to enhance GWP's functional properties by conjugating it with either gum Arabic (GA) or citrus pectin (CP). Sonication accelerated the Maillard reaction, and the glycosylation of GWP was significantly enhanced after optimization of the conjugation conditions. Gel electrophoresis examination verified the creation of GWP-polysaccharide conjugates, while scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed structural modifications caused by polysaccharide grafting and sonication. The use of ultrasound in the Maillard reaction notably enhanced the solubility, foaming capacity, and emulsifying attributes of the GWPs. Among the conjugates, the GWP-GA ones exhibited the best functional properties. Our findings suggest that this approach can notably improve the functional attributes of GWPs, thus broadening their potential uses in the food sector and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiangyue Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | | | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
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2
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Sui Z, Xue X, Wang Q, Li M, Zou Y, Zhang W, Lu C. Facile fabrication of 3D Janus foams of electrospun cellulose nanofibers/rGO for high efficiency solar interface evaporation. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121859. [PMID: 38388055 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Solar-powered interfacial evaporation is one of the most efficient state-of-the-art technologies for producing clean water via desalination. Herein, we report a novel bio-based nanofibrous foam for high efficiency solar interface evaporation. To this end, a hybrid membrane of cellulose nanofibers/graphene oxide (GO) is first fabricated by electrospinning coupled with in situ layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. After that, the membrane is subjected to a foaming process in an aqueous NaBH4, which effectively transforms the 2D membrane into a 3D foam. This structure can improve the photothermal conversion efficiency and also facilitate the water transport at the gas-water interface. In the meantime, the GO is converted to the reduced GO (rGO) with a higher light absorption efficiency. Finally, one side of the foam is hydrophobically modified via spray-coating with a fluorocarbon resin (FR) to obtain the Janus type 3D foam, namely FR@EC/rGO. The resultant 3D foam combines the functions of solar energy absorption in the upper layer and water pumping capability in the lower layer. It exhibits an extraordinary solar vapor conversion efficiency of 94.2 % and a fast evaporation rate of 1.83 kg m-2 h-1, showing high potential in future seawater desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyan Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaolin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qunhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuefei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China.
| | - Canhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute at Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Advanced Polymer Materials Research Center of Sichuan University, Shishi 362700, China.
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3
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Mitraka GC, Kontogiannopoulos KN, Zouboulis AI, Kougias PG. Evaluation of the optimal sewage sludge pre-treatment technology through continuous reactor operation: Process performance and microbial community insights. Water Res 2024; 257:121662. [PMID: 38678834 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of two low-temperature thermal pre-treatments on continuous anaerobic reactors' performance, sequentially fed with sludge of different total solids content (∼3 % and ∼6 %) and subjected to progressively increasing Organic Loading Rates (OLR) from 1.0 to 2.5 g volatile solids/(LReactor⋅day). Assessing pre-treatments' influence on influent sludge characteristics revealed enhanced organic matter hydrolysis, facilitating sludge solubilization and methanogenesis; volatile fatty acids concentration also increased, particularly in pre-treated sludge of ∼6 % total solids, indicating improved heating efficiency under increased solids content. The reactor fed with sludge pre-treated at 45 °C for 48 h and 55 °C for an extra 48 h exhibited the highest methane yield under all applied OLRs, peaking at 240 ± 3.0 mL/g volatile solids at the OLR of 2.5 g volatile solids/(LReactor⋅day). 16S rRNA gene sequencing demonstrated differences in the reactors' microbiomes as evidence of sludge thickening and the different pre-treatments applied, which promoted the release of organic matter in diverse concentrations and compositions. Finally, the microbial analysis revealed that specific foam-related genera increased in abundance in the foam layer of reactors' effluent bottles, dictating their association with the sludge foaming incidents that occurred inside the reactors during their operation at 2.0 g volatile solids/(LReactor⋅day).
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia-Christina Mitraka
- Laboratory of Chemical & Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece; Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, P.O. Box 60458, Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Konstantinos N Kontogiannopoulos
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, P.O. Box 60458, Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece
| | - Anastasios I Zouboulis
- Laboratory of Chemical & Environmental Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - Panagiotis G Kougias
- Soil and Water Resources Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organisation Dimitra, Thermi, P.O. Box 60458, Thessaloniki GR-57001, Greece.
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4
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Yang J, Li Y, Li X, Ji M, Peng S, Man J, Zhou L, Li F, Zhang C. Starch-fiber foaming biodegradable composites with polylactic acid hydrophobic surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131406. [PMID: 38582472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Starch and plant fibers are abundant natural polymers that offer biodegradability, making them potential substitutes for plastics in certain applications, but are usually limited by its high hydrophilicity, and low mechanical performance. To address this issue, polylactic acid (PLA) is blended with cellulose and chitosan to create a waterproof film that can be applied to starch-fiber foaming biodegradable composites to enhance their water resistance properties. Here, plant fibers as a reinforcement is incorporated to the modified starch by foaming mold at 260 °C, and PLA based hydrophobic film is coated onto the surface to prepare the novel hydrophobic bio-composites. The developed bio-composite exhibits comprehensive water barrier properties, which is significantly better than that of traditional starch and cellulose based materials. Introducing PLA films decreases water vapor permeability from 766.83 g/m2·24h to 664.89 g/m2·24h, and reduce hysteresis angles from 15.57° to 8.59° within the first five minutes after exposure to moisture. The water absorption rate of PLA films also decreases significantly from 12.3 % to 7.9 %. Additionally, incorporating hydrophobic films not only enhances overall waterproof performance but also improves mechanical properties of the bio-composites. The fabricated bio-composite demonstrates improved tensile strength from 2.09 MPa to 3.53 MPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Yang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Yanhui Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Xinlin Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, China
| | - Maocheng Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (M of E), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Sixian Peng
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (M of E), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Jia Man
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (M of E), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Lirong Zhou
- College of Big Data Statistics, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Fangyi Li
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture (M of E), School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Chuanwei Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, 266071, China.
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5
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Xiong W, Liu B, Lu H, Liu X. Two novel bacteriophages isolated from the environment that can help control activated sludge foaming. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01145-4. [PMID: 38363443 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Nocardia spp., which belongs to one of the Nocardio-form filamentous bacteria, is usually surface hydrophobic and when overproduced attaches to the surface of bubbles under the action of surfactants, allowing the stable presence of foam on the surface of aeration tanks, leading to the occurrence of sludge-foaming events. Two novel phages, P69 and KYD2, were isolated from the environment, and their hosts were Nocardia transvalensis and Nocardia carnea, respectively. These two phages are Siphophages-like with long tails. An aeration tank pilot plant was constructed in the laboratory to simulate sludge foaming, and these two strains of phage were applied. Compared with the reactor not dosed with phage, the application of phage could reduce the host level in the reactor, resulting in the highest decrease in turbidity by more than 68% and sludge volume index by more than 25%. The time for surface foam disappearance was 9 h earlier than that of the control group (the group with the same concentration of Nocardia carnea but no bacteriophage applied), significantly improving water quality. The phage can effectively inhibit the propagation of Nocardia in the actual sludge-foaming event, control the sludge foaming, and improve the effluent quality. It provides a novel and relatively economical solution for controlling sludge foaming in sewage treatment plants in the future, shows that the phages have potential application value in the prevention and control of Nocardia, and provides another way to control the sludge-foaming event caused by the excessive reproduction of Nocardia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Xiong
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Han Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xinchun Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province, 256606, China.
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Görbe Á, Varga LJ, Bárány T. Development of nanoparticle-filled polypropylene-based single polymer composite foams. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19638. [PMID: 37809927 PMCID: PMC10558882 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, our focus was on developing and investigating nanoparticle-filled polypropylene-based single polymer composite foams. These composites had porous and nanotube-reinforced matrices, with plain woven polypropylene (PP) fabric as reinforcement. Our main objective was to enhance the energy absorption and stiffness of the single polymer composites (SPCs) by modifying their matrices. We produced SPCs with two different matrices: one of amorphous poly-alpha-olefin (APAO) and one of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) blended with APAO. We observed that the APAO matrix exhibited better impregnation of the fabric due to its low viscosity, while the composites with the TPE matrix showed significantly better tensile properties. The foaming process applied to the matrices resulted in a substantial increase in energy absorption for the SPCs, while preserving their tensile properties relative to their density. Scanning electron microscope images confirmed that foaming of the APAO matrix was notably more effective, primarily due to its low viscosity. Furthermore, we successfully enhanced the stiffness and tensile properties of the SPCs by nano-reinforcing the matrices with multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Due to the size of the nanotubes, this reinforcement did not compromise the impact properties of the SPCs. Scanning electron microscope images also demonstrated improved dispersion of the nanotubes within the APAO matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ákos Görbe
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László József Varga
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Bárány
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Lendület Lightweight Polymer Composites Research Group, Műegyetem rkp. 3., H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Yavuzturk Gul B, Gulhan H, Soyel S, Kaya R, Ersahin ME, Ovez S, Koyuncu I. Landfill leachate treatment with a full-scale membrane bioreactor: impact of leachate characteristics on filamentous bacteria. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:91874-91886. [PMID: 37480541 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Bulking and foaming are extreme filamentous bacterial growths that present serious challenges for the biological leachate treatment process. The current study evaluates the performance of long-term full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating landfill leachate, specifically focusing on filamentous bacteria overgrowth in the bioreactors. The influence of the variation in leachate structure and operational conditions on floc morphology and filamentous bacteria overgrowth were analyzed for 11 months of operation of the full-scale MBR system. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH4-N removal efficiencies of the system were 87.8 ± 4% and 99.5 ± 0.7%. However, incomplete denitrification was observed when the F/M ratio was low. The high C/N ratio was observed to enhance the frequency of small flocs. Furthermore, a poor to medium diversity of the microbial community was observed. Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Microthrix parvicella, and Type 021N were found as the most numerous filamentous organisms. Paramecium spp., Euplotes spp., and Aspidisca spp. were found in small quantities. The limited concentration of PO4-P in the leachate compared to high COD and NH4-N concentrations most probably caused phosphate deprivation and increased abundance of identified filamentous microorganisms. This work is the first study in Türkiye that investigates the bulking and foaming problem in full-scale MBR that treats landfill leachate. Hence, it may provide some pioneering perspectives into landfill leachate remediation by monitoring the hybrid biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yavuzturk Gul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hazal Gulhan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Soyel
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Recep Kaya
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Evren Ersahin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ovez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Koyuncu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Dincer Topacık National Research Center On Membrane Technologies (MEM-TEK), Istanbul, Turkey.
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Savić V, Topalović V, Nikolić J, Jevtić S, Manić N, Komatina M, Srđan Matijašević, Grujić S. Foam glasses made from green bottle glass and sugar beet factory lime as a foaming agent. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17664. [PMID: 37455950 PMCID: PMC10344708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Great waste production alongside limited natural resources represents huge environmental and economic problems worldwide. Sustainable waste management and industrial production can reduce pollution and gain some economic benefits. Eco-friendly thermal insulators such as foam glasses can be produced using secondary raw materials in open-loop recycling. Foam glasses were successfully produced using green bottle glass and sugar beet factory lime (SBFL), CaCO3-rich waste as a novel foaming agent. Glass powder was mixed with different amounts of SBFL, uniaxially pressed at 20 MPa, and sintered at different temperatures. The influence of sintering temperature and the addition of a foaming agent was examined. Obtained samples were mechanically, thermally, and microstructurally characterized. Results showed that samples sintered at 800 °C have the best properties. Obtained foam glasses can be used in a variety of industries where thermal insulation, non-flammability, and non-toxic materials are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veljko Savić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš D'Eperea 86, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vladimir Topalović
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš D'Eperea 86, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Nikolić
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš D'Eperea 86, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Jevtić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Manić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljice Marije 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirko Komatina
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Kraljice Marije 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Matijašević
- Institute for Technology of Nuclear and Other Mineral Raw Materials, Bulevar Franš D'Eperea 86, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Grujić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Eazhumalai G, Kalaivendan RGT, Annapure US. Effect of atmospheric pin-to-plate cold plasma on oat protein: Structural, chemical, and foaming characteristics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:125103. [PMID: 37257535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The impact of novel pin-to-plate atmospheric cold plasma was investigated with input voltage (170 V, 230 V) and exposure time (15 & 30 min) on oat protein by studying structural (FTIR, circular dichroism (CD), UV-vis, Fluorescence), morphological (particle size analysis, SEM, turbidity), chemical (pH, redox potential (ORP), ζ potential, carbonyl, sulfhydryl, surface hydrophobicity), and foaming characteristics. The plasma treatment reduced the pH while increasing the ORP of the dispersions. These ionic environment changes affected the ζ potential and particle size leading to the formation of larger aggregates (170-15; 230-15) and distorted smaller ones (170-30; 230-30) as confirmed by SEM. The FTIR spectra showed reduced intensity at specific amide bands (1600-1700 cm-1) and also an increase in carbonyl stretching (1743 cm-1) representing oxidative carbonylation (increase in carbonyl content). Thus, the partial exposure of hydrophobic amino acids increases surface hydrophobicity. The altered secondary structure (rise in α-helix, decrement in β-sheets and turns), and tertiary structures were observed in circular dichroism (CD) and UV absorbance and fluorescence characteristics of proteins respectively. Furthermore, the increase in free sulfhydryl content and disulfide content was highly affected by the plasma treatments due to observed protein unfolding and aggregations. Besides, the increased solubility and reduced surface tension contributed to the improved foaming characteristics. Thus, plasma processing influences protein structure affecting their characteristics and other functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunaseelan Eazhumalai
- Department of Food Engineering Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | - Uday S Annapure
- Department of Food Engineering Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, India; Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431213, India.
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10
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Huang PH, Hazeena SH, Qiu YT, Ciou JY, Hsieh CW, Shih MK, Chen MH, Hou CY. Application of egg white hydrolysate (EWH) to improve frothing functionality of pasteurized liquid egg in large quantity production. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12697. [PMID: 36632096 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilized Liquid Eggs (SLE) are convenient for the baking process by minimizing the food safety risks of fresh eggs. Although these advantages were encouraging, the thermal effects of the pasteurization process had a negative impact on the functionality of the egg whites, thus making them unattractive to the food industry. Therefore, our previous study found that adding 1-5% egg white hydrolysate (EWH) contributed to the foaminess and stability in SLE. This primary purpose of this study was to confirm the feasibility of applying the optimum concentration of EWH for simultaneous evaluation and shelf life for batch production of SLE. The physical characteristics of the foam were analyzed by adding 1 ± 0.2% of EWH to SLE, and it was found that the foam with 1% EWH had better stability (low drainage), better viscosity, and similar distribution of foam bubbles size in the microstructure. No Salmonella infection has been found during the shelf life of 7 days. In addition, the highest overall acceptability has obtained using the large quantity produced SLE with 1% EWH to produce spoon cookies, followed by sensory evaluation. The cross-sectional height of the cookie and the distribution of holes in the structure were in line with those of the non-sterilized liquid egg white (NSLE). Hence, adding 1% EWH was found to the optimum concentration, which provides good foaming performance and stability of SLE. This study conveys a positive assessment to SLE producers and potential users, as it will increase their profitability economically while meeting the market challenges.
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11
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Zhao X, Fan X, Shao X, Cheng M, Wang C, Jiang H, Zhang X, Yuan C. Modifying the physicochemical properties, solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins by ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting treatment. Ultrason Sonochem 2022; 88:106089. [PMID: 35809472 PMCID: PMC9272034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different treatment of alkaline pH-shifting on milk protein concentrate (MPC), micellar casein concentrate (MCC) and whey protein isolate (WPI) assisted by the same ultrasound conditions, including changes in the physicochemical properties, solubility and foaming capacity. The solubility of milk proteins had a significant increase with gradual enhancement of ultrasound-assisted alkaline pH-shifting (p < 0.05), especially for MCC up to 99.50 %. Also, treatment made a significant decline in the particle size of MPC and MCC, as well as the turbidity of the proteins (p < 0.05). The foaming capacity of MPC, MCC, and WPI was all improved, especially at pH 11, and at this pH, the milk protein also showed the highest surface hydrophobicity. The best foaming capacity at pH 11 was the result of the combined effect of particle size, potential, protein conformation, solubility, and surface hydrophobicity. In conclusion, ultrasound-assisted pH-shifting treatment was found to be effective in improving the physicochemical properties and solubility and foaming capacity of milk proteins, especially MCC, with promising application prospect in food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Ming Cheng
- Qingdao Research Institute of Husbandry and Veterinary, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Cunfang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Cunzhong Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong, China.
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12
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Ignacia Lambert-Royo M, Ubeda C, Del Barrio-Galán R, Sieczkowski N, Miquel Canals J, Peña-Neira Á, Gil I Cortiella M. The diversity of effects of yeast derivatives during sparkling wine aging. Food Chem 2022; 390:133174. [PMID: 35594771 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study shows the monitoring of the physical, chemical and sensorial changes that occur in the sparkling wine along 18 months of aging due to different typology yeast-derived products; dry inactivated yeast from Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and non-Saccharomyces (Torulaspora delbrueckii) yeast strains, yeast autolysate, and yeast protein extract tested at two different doses. The addition of 5 g/hL yeast protein extract and inactivated yeast from T. delbrueckii helped to preserve esters in wines with 9 and 18 months of aging on lees. The addition of yeast autolysate achieved greater polysaccharide enrichment and gave rise to sparkling wines with the highest antioxidant activity. Effects on foaming properties were quite different depending on the aging time. Despite this, sparkling wines treated with 10 g/hL of yeast autolysate and Optimum White™ generally exhibited the highest foamability and foam stability. Further experiments with higher doses are needed to observe clear effects on sensory profile.
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13
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Momen S, Alavi F, Aider M. Impact of alkaline electro-activation treatment on physicochemical and functional properties of sweet whey. Food Chem 2022; 373:131428. [PMID: 34710696 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The impact of alkaline electro-activation (EA) on the protein solubility, foaming, and emulsifying characteristics of whey was investigated. EA caused protein aggregation and conjugation. At low electric current and holding time, proteins aggregation through disulfide bonds was observed, whereas increasing currents and holding times caused proteins to conjugate with sugars such as lactose, lactulose and galactose. The EA process improved the protein solubility at the pH range of 4.0-7.0. Compared to untreated whey, which produced micron-sized and unstable emulsions at pH 3, whey samples treated under 750 mA and 24-48 h holding time formed nano-sized and stable emulsions at this pH. Furthermore, although both untreated and EA-whey produced stable emulsions at pH 7, those emulsions prepared with EA-whey had smaller particle size and were more stable against droplet flocculation. EA-treated whey tended to generate foams with significantly higher overrun and stability. The present study demonstrated that EA can enhance the functionality of whey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Momen
- Department of Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Farhad Alavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-6205, United States
| | - Mohammed Aider
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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14
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Günal-Köroğlu D, Turan S, Capanoglu E. Interaction of lentil protein and onion skin phenolics: Effects on functional properties of proteins and in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility. Food Chem 2022; 372:130892. [PMID: 34607046 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of protein-phenolic interactions on the functional properties of lentil protein and in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility in different systems (extract solution, protein-phenolic solution, and emulsion) was studied. The presence of phenolic compounds negatively affected the foaming and emulsion properties of lentil protein. During in vitro gastrointestinal digestion, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity of the samples were decreased with the presence of lentil protein at the initial phase, however, they were found to be the highest in emulsions at the intestinal phase. The amount of protocatechuic acid and phenolic acid derivative was increased at the intestinal phase, while that of other phenolic compounds was decreased. Quercetin was not detected at the intestinal phase in all systems, while its glycoside derivatives were determined, which were the highest in emulsions. Anthocyanins were also the highest in extract solution among all systems. Protein-phenolic interactions had a significant effect on functional properties of lentil proteins, and bioaccessibility or antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Günal-Köroğlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Turan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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15
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Stone AK, Parolia S, House JD, Wang N, Nickerson MT. Effect of roasting pulse seeds at different tempering moisture on the flour functional properties and nutritional quality. Food Res Int 2021; 147:110489. [PMID: 34399485 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge on the functional and nutritional properties of wet roasted pulses can increase the utilization of processed pulses as ingredients in food products. This study investigated the effects of tempering different pulse [chickpea (CP), green lentil (GL), navy bean (NB) and yellow pea (YP)] seeds to 20 or 30% moisture prior to roasting (160℃ for 30 min) on the functional properties and nutritional quality of their resulting flours. The surface charge of each pulse remained the same (p > 0.05) after wet roasting and there were no significant (p > 0.05) differences between the different raw pulse flours. The oil holding capacity (OHC) of GL (~2 g/g) was not improved by wet roasting (p > 0.05) whereas the other pulses generally had better OHC for one or both of the tempering moistures used prior to roasting. Foaming properties of all pulses decreased after heat treatment with the exception of both foaming capacity (107%) and stability (~71%) for GL tempered to 20% moisture prior to roasting (p > 0.05). Raw GL had inferior foaming properties compared to the other raw pulse flours (p < 0.001). Emulsion properties of the wet roasted pulses were similar to those of the control (raw flour) for each pulse. Solubility decreased with roasting regardless of the tempering moisture (p < 0.05) whereas in general the in vitro protein digestibility increased. Small improvements (2.4-6.9% increase) in the in vitro protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score were found for GL and NB tempered to 20% moisture before roasting and roasted YP at either moisture content (p < 0.05). Wet roasting increased (p < 0.05) the rapidly digestible starch content, more so with a tempering moisture of 30%. Overall the results from this study will allow for the utilization of wet roasted pulses as ingredients based on their functional properties and protein quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Stone
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Saakshi Parolia
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - James D House
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Ning Wang
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - Michael T Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada.
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16
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Ye J, Deng L, Wang Y, McClements DJ, Luo S, Liu C. Impact of rutin on the foaming properties of soybean protein: Formation and characterization of flavonoid-protein complexes. Food Chem 2021; 362:130238. [PMID: 34098441 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aims of present study were to determine the impact of rutin complexation on the ability of soybean protein isolates (SPI) to form and stabilize foams and its mechanism. At pH 7.0, the foaming capacity and foaming stability of the rutin-SPI complexes (28.33% and 14.22%) was appreciably changed when compared with that of SPI alone (19.64% and 32.95%). The improvement in foaming properties was mainly attributed to decrease gas bubble size and increase interfacial thickness as suggested by light microscopy analysis. UV-visible spectroscopy showed that the absorption peak of the SPI was increased and red shifted after complexation with rutin. ITC confirmed that there was an interaction between rutin and SPI. This interaction was hydrophobic interaction and the binding process was entropy driven. This study shows that the foaming properties of plant-based proteins can be improved by forming complexes with flavonoids, which may be useful for foaming agents in foods.
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17
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Ren Q, Wu M, Li W, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Wang L, Zheng W. A green fabrication method of poly (lactic acid) perforated membrane via tuned crystallization and gas diffusion process. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1037-1046. [PMID: 33894256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) perforated membrane is typically obtained through the solvent-volatilization-induced or non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) method. However, the residual organic solvents would unavoidably limit the application of PLA perforated membrane in biomedical and high-end water purification fields. Herein, an innovative solution-free method was proposed for preparing the PLA perforated membrane via a simple and environmentally friendly way. We have successfully fabricated the PLA perforated membrane using a physical foaming technique with CO2 as the blowing agent. By tuning the primary film thickness, saturation pressure, and foaming temperature, PLA perforated membrane's cell morphology could be accordingly adjusted. The PLA perforated membrane with a highly-ordered straight pore channel and high open cell content (OCC) approximately 72% was obtained under a mild condition. The formation mechanism of the PLA perforated membrane was discussed via the interaction of crystallization behavior and gas diffusion process. This green and solvent-free PLA perforated membrane possesses great potential for use in areas like the tissue engineering and high-end water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Wanwan Li
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Xiuyu Zhu
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, China
| | - Yongqing Zhao
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Long Wang
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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18
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Gong Z, Yang G, Che C, Liu J, Si M, He Q. Foaming of rhamnolipids fermentation: impact factors and fermentation strategies. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 33781264 PMCID: PMC8008553 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids have recently attracted considerable attentions because of their excellent biosurfactant performance and potential applications in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, etc., but severe foaming causes the high cost of production, restraining their commercial production and applications. To reduce or eliminate the foaming, numerous explorations have been focused on foaming factors and fermentation strategies, but a systematic summary and discussion are still lacking. Additionally, although these studies have not broken through the bottleneck of foaming, they are conducive to understanding the foaming mechanism and developing more effective rhamnolipids production strategies. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of fermentation components and control conditions on foaming behavior and fermentation strategies responded to the severe foaming in rhamnolipids fermentation and systematically summarizes 6 impact factors and 9 fermentation strategies. Furthermore, the potentialities of 9 fermentation strategies for large-scale production are discussed and some further strategies are suggested. We hope this review can further facilitate the understanding of foaming factors and fermentation strategies as well as conducive to developing the more effective large-scale production strategies to accelerate the commercial production process of rhamnolipids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Ge Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Meiru Si
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Qiuhong He
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China.
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19
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Jiang C, McIlroy SJ, Qi R, Petriglieri F, Yashiro E, Kondrotaite Z, Nielsen PH. Identification of microorganisms responsible for foam formation in mesophilic anaerobic digesters treating surplus activated sludge. Water Res 2021; 191:116779. [PMID: 33401166 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foaming is a common operational problem in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems, where hydrophobic filamentous microorganisms are usually considered to be the major cause. However, little is known about the identity of foam-stabilising microorganisms in AD systems, and control measures are lacking. This study identified putative foam forming microorganisms in 13 full-scale mesophilic digesters located at 11 wastewater treatment plants in Denmark, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with species-level resolution and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for visualization. A foaming potential aeration test was applied to classify the digester sludges according to their foaming propensity. A high foaming potential for sludges was linked to the abundance of species from the genus Candidatus Microthrix, immigrating with the feed stream (surplus activated sludge), but also to several novel phylotypes potentially growing in the digester. These species were classified to the genera Ca. Brevefilum (Ca. B. fermentans) and Tetrasphaera (midas_s_5), the families ST-12K33 (midas_s_22), and Rikenellaceae (midas_s_141), and the archaeal genus Methanospirillum (midas_s_2576). Application of FISH showed that these potential foam-forming organisms all had a filamentous morphology. Additionally, it was shown that concentrations of ammonium and total nitrogen correlated strongly to the presence of foam-formers. This study provided new insight into the identity of putative foam-forming microorganisms in mesophilic AD systems, allowing for the subsequent surveillance of their abundances and studies of their ecology. Such information will importantly inform the development of control measures for these problematic microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Jiang
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Simon Jon McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; Centre for Microbiome Research, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Rong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10085, China
| | - Francesca Petriglieri
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erika Yashiro
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Zivile Kondrotaite
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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20
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Rahimi SK, O'Donnell K, Haight B, Machado A, Martin C, Meng F, Listro T, Zhang F. Supercritical-CO 2 Foam Extrusion of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Acetate Succinate/Itraconazole Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Processing-Structure-Property Relations. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1444-1456. [PMID: 33285183 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of supercritical CO2 as a foaming agent on structure and physical properties of hot melt extruded hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-itraconazole (ITZ) amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) with the aim of improving the milling efficiency and tabletability of these ASDs. Two different grades of AFFINISOLTM HPMCAS, the standard grade (Std) and the High Productivity grade (HP) were used. The HP-grade has a lower molecular weight, melt viscosity and wider processing temperature range. Extrudates with different ITZ concentrations (0%, 20% and 40%) and CO2 injection pressure of 100 and 200 bar were prepared. The cellular microstructure of the foams showed that HP-grade HPMCAS had better affinity with the CO2 resulting in better distribution of CO2. The results of DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the supercritical CO2 did not affect the amorphous state of the API in the extrudates. Milling efficiency of the ASDs was significantly improved up to around 90% increase in the mass recovery. The tabletability of the milled extrudates showed a considerable increase in tablet tensile strength. In addition, foaming considerably improved the supersaturation of HP-grade ASD while showing minimal improvement in dissolution behavior of the Std-grade material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Kashani Rahimi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin TX 78712
| | - Kevin O'Donnell
- DuPont Nutrition & Biosciences, Pharma Solutions, 1801 Larkin Center Drive, Midland MI 48674
| | - Brian Haight
- Leistritz Extrusion, 175 Mesiter Ave, Somerville NJ 08876
| | - Augie Machado
- Leistritz Extrusion, 175 Mesiter Ave, Somerville NJ 08876
| | - Charlie Martin
- Leistritz Extrusion, 175 Mesiter Ave, Somerville NJ 08876
| | - Fan Meng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin TX 78712
| | - Tony Listro
- Foster Delivery Sciences, 45 Ridge Road, Putnam CT 06260
| | - Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave, Austin TX 78712.
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21
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Pedrosa MM, Varela A, Domínguez-Timón F, Tovar CA, Moreno HM, Borderías AJ, Díaz MT. Comparison of Bioactive Compounds Content and Techno-Functional Properties of Pea and Bean Flours and their Protein Isolates. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2020; 75:642-650. [PMID: 33097987 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, legume protein isolates are increasingly of interest as ingredients for the food industry; however, in spite of their health benefits, there is a limited information about the presence of bioactive compounds in the protein isolates. The objective of this study was to establish the phytochemical composition and selected techno-functional properties of pea and bean flours and their protein isolates obtained applying different drying methods. Regarding proximate composition, bean flour contained higher amounts of total protein (23%) and fat (44%) than pea flour; bean protein isolate (BPI) contained higher total and soluble protein, fat and starch than the pea protein isolate (PPI). Both protein isolates showed a similar emulsifying capacity (around 27%). Emulsion stability and foaming capacity were higher in the PPI (around 36%). Bean flour contained lower amounts of α-galactosides (31.64 mg/g) but a higher trypsin inhibitors content (21.95 TIU/mg) than pea flour. The preparation procedure of the protein isolates affected the bioactive compound content. The PPI showed a reduction of inositol phosphates (13%), galactosides (76%), trypsin inhibitors (90%) and total phenolic compounds (35%) compared to its whole flour. The BPI contained higher amounts of inositol phosphates (137%) and total phenolic compounds (135%) than its flour, while it showed a lower content of galactosides (54%) and a similar amount of trypsin inhibitors. Thus, the bioactive compound content and the functional properties studied indicate that protein isolates can be used as ingredients with added-value in the development of new formulated food products, allowing their increasing use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes M Pedrosa
- Food Technology Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Varela
- Food Technology Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Domínguez-Timón
- Institute of Food Science Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara A Tovar
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Vigo, As Lagoas, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Helena M Moreno
- Institute of Food Science Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Veterinary Faculty. Department of Food Technology, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Javier Borderías
- Institute of Food Science Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), C/ José Antonio Nováis, 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Teresa Díaz
- Food Technology Department, National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Ctra de La Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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22
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Li BB, Peng ZY, Zhi LL, Li HB, Zheng KK, Li J. Distribution and diversity of filamentous bacteria in wastewater treatment plants exhibiting foaming of Taihu Lake Basin, China. Environ Pollut 2020; 267:115644. [PMID: 33254706 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Foaming caused by filamentous bacteria in activated sludge (AS) is a common phenomenon in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Taihu Lake Basin of South China. In this study, total bacterial and filamentous bacterial communities were comprehensively characterized in AS and foams from eight municipal WWTPs by high-throughput sequencing technology. Results showed that alpha diversities of total bacterial communities in foams were obviously lower than those in AS samples. The bacterial community structures were significantly different between WWTPs rather than sample types (AS vs. foam). For most WWTPs, the Actinobacteria phylum was highly enriched in foams and the most abundant genera in foams were common mycolata. Sixteen filamentous bacteria were identified against the improved bulking and foaming bacteria (BFB) database. Abundance and composition of BFB in different WWTPs and different sample types were significantly different. 'Nostocoida limicola' I Trichococcus and Microthrix were generally dominant in AS samples. The dominant BFB in foams were associated with Microthrix, Skermania, Gordonia, and Mycobacterium. A new Defluviicoccus spp. in cluster III was identified in severe and continuous foams. Moreover, dominant BFB in stable and continuous foams with light level in one typical WWTP were diverse, even, and dynamic. Bacterial co-occurrence network analysis implied that the bacterial community of AS was more sensitive to disturbance than that of foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Li-Ling Zhi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Huai-Bo Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Kai-Kai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ji Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu College of Water Treatment Technology and Material Collaborative Innovation Center, Suzhou, 215009, China.
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23
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Cui L, Kimmel J, Zhou L, Rao J, Chen B. Combining solid dispersion-based spray drying with cyclodextrin to improve the functionality and mitigate the beany odor of pea protein isolate. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116546. [PMID: 32718639 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The beany flavor of pea protein limits its application in the food industry. This study aimed at addressing this problem by combining the advantages of solid-based spray drying technique and the ability of cyclodextrins (CD) to entrap volatiles. Pea protein isolates (PPI) was extracted by alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation, followed by co-spray drying with CD. The resulted PPI-CD showed no major structure changes. HS-SPME-GC-MS coupled to untargeted metabolomics successfully identified 23 aroma compounds that represent the different odorants among PPI-control, physically mixed PPI-CD, and co-spray dried PPI-CD samples. Heat map analysis also showed a remarkable beany odor mitigation effect upon the addition of CD, which was further proved to be due to CD entrapping aroma compounds during spray drying. In the meantime, the functional attributes of PPI-CD were not adversely impacted by the addition of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leqi Cui
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | | | - Leon Zhou
- Roquette America Inc., Geneva, IL, 60134, USA
| | - Jiajia Rao
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Bingcan Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108, USA.
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Wu M, Chen Y, Lin H, Zhao L, Shen L, Li R, Xu Y, Hong H, He Y. Membrane fouling caused by biological foams in a submerged membrane bioreactor: Mechanism insights. Water Res 2020; 181:115932. [PMID: 32454321 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Though sludge foaming often occurs and thus causes serious membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs), the fouling mechanisms related with the foaming phenomenon have not been well addressed, hindering better understanding and solving foaming problem. In this work, it was interestingly found that, the foulants during the foaming period possessed extremely high specific filtration resistance (SFR) (over 1016 m kg-1) and strong adhesion ability to membrane surface. Chemical characterization showed that the proteins (178.57 mg/L) and polysaccharides (209.21 mg/L) in the foaming sample were about 6.4 times and 5.4 times of those in the supernatant sample, suggesting existence of a mechanism permitting continuous production of these foulants in the MBR during the foaming period. It was revealed that the fouling caused by foams was associated with gel layer filtration process, and the extremely high SFR can be interpreted by chemical potential change in the gel filtration process depicted in Flory-Huggins theory. Meanwhile, analyses by the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (XDLVO) theory showed that the strong adhesion ability stemmed from the high interaction energy between the foaming foulants and membrane surface. In addition, 16S rDNA gene sequencing identified that the abundance of the foaming related bacteria species in the sludge suspension during the foaming period was more than 10 times of that during the non-foaming period. This study offered new mechanism insights into foaming fouling in MBRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Leihong Zhao
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Renjie Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Huachang Hong
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yiming He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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25
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Collivignarelli MC, Carnevale Miino M, Caccamo FM, Baldi M. Evaluation of foaming potential for water treatment: limits and developments. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:27952-27960. [PMID: 32405936 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09143-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The critical issue generated by foaming in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a problem that is currently very common and shared, but which to date is treated mainly only at the management level. In this work, an experimental study with foam tests on real and synthetic waters was conducted using a laboratory scale plant and foaming power indices were calculated. To date, the estimation of foaming potential is mainly based on these indices which give information only on height/volume of foams but not on the type of foams, in terms of consistency and therefore stability. Tests showed that foaming power indices were highly variable with the same water: it was not possible to identify a single foaming potential value for each water. Two models were proposed to estimate the percentage increase in height of chemical foams produced following the introduction of air below the surface of a liquid. In terms of determination coefficient, the results obtained from the complex model were better: R2 was 0.82 for the simple linear model and 0.90 for the complex one. This approach has allowed to underline some critical aspects of foaming potential as it is determined today and the possible improvements applicable for a more objective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Collivignarelli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Water Research, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 3, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Carnevale Miino
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Maria Caccamo
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Marco Baldi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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26
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Xie Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Wu D, Liang D, Ye H, Cai Z, Ma M, Geng F. Effects of high-intensity ultrasonic (HIU) treatment on the functional properties and assemblage structure of egg yolk. Ultrason Sonochem 2020; 60:104767. [PMID: 31539731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The effects of high-intensity ultrasonic (HIU) treatment on the functional properties of egg yolk were studied in the present work. After HIU treatment, the emulsifying, foaming and gel properties of the egg yolk solution significantly increased, but the foam stability decreased. SDS-PAGE results showed that there was no obvious change in the protein bands of egg yolk, indicating that the yolk proteins did not undergo covalent crosslinking or degradation. HIU treatment enhanced the zeta potential of egg yolk components in solution and increased the free sulfhydryl content of egg yolk proteins. Moreover, the particle size distribution of egg yolk components in solution changed markedly, and these changes demonstrated that HIU treatment caused the aggregation of yolk low-density lipoprotein and the partial dissociation of yolk granules. These results revealed that HIU treatment could change the aggregation of yolk components, which in turn could influence the solution characteristics of egg yolk, finally resulting in changes to the functional properties of egg yolk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Daowei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Hongliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cai
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Meihu Ma
- National R&D Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fang Geng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, No. 2025 Chengluo Avenue, Chengdu 610106, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
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27
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Nguyen LN, Commault AS, Johir MAH, Bustamante H, Aurisch R, Lowrie R, Nghiem LD. Application of a novel molecular technique to characterise the effect of settling on microbial community composition of activated sludge. J Environ Manage 2019; 251:109594. [PMID: 31557668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Activated sludge (AS) and return activated sludge (RAS) microbial communities from three full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (denoted plant A, B and C) were compared to assess the impact of sludge settling (i.e. gravity thickening in the clarifier) and profile microorganisms responsible for nutrient removal and reactor foaming. The results show that all three plants were dominated with microbes in the phyla of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Nitrospirae, Spirochaetae, Acidobacteria and Saccharibacteria. AS and RAS shared above 80% similarity in the microbial community composition, indicating that sludge thickening does not significantly alter the microbial composition. Autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrifiers were present in the AS. However, the abundance of autotrophic nitrifiers was significantly lower than that of the heterotrophic nitrifiers. Thus, ammonium removal at these plants was achieved mostly by heterotrophic nitrification. Microbes that can cause foaming were at 3.2% abundance, and this result is well corroborated with occasional aerobic biological reactor foaming. By contrast, these microbes were not abundant (<2.1%) at plant A and C, where aerobic biological reactor foaming has not been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Audrey S Commault
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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28
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Slastanova A, Campbell RA, Snow T, Mould E, Li P, Welbourn RJL, Chen M, Robles E, Briscoe WH. Synergy, competition, and the "hanging" polymer layer: Interactions between a neutral amphiphilic 'tardigrade' comb co-polymer with an anionic surfactant at the air-water interface. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 561:181-94. [PMID: 31830734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the structure of polymer/surfactant mixtures at the air-water interface is of fundamental importance and also of relevance to a variety of practical applications. Here, the complexation between a neutral 'tardigrade' comb co-polymer (consisting of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol backbone with hydrophobic polyvinyl acetate grafts, PEG-g-PVAc) with an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) at the air-water interface has been studied. Contrast-matched neutron reflectivity (NR) complemented by surface tension measurements allowed elucidation of the interfacial composition and structure of these mixed systems, as well as providing physical insights into the polymer/surfactant interactions at the air-water interface. For both polymer concentrations studied, below and above its critical aggregation concentration, cac, (0.2 cac and 2 cac, corresponding to 0.0002 wt% or 0.013 mM and 0.002 wt% or 0.13 mM respectively), we observed a synergistic cooperative behaviour at low surfactant concentrations with a 1-2 nm mixed interfacial layer; a competitive adsorption behaviour at higher surfactant concentrations was observed where the polymer was depleted from the air-water interface, with an overall interfacial layer thickness ~1.6 nm independent of the polymer concentration. The weakly associated polymer layer "hanging" proximally to the interface, however, played a role in enhancing foam stability, thus was relevant to the detergency efficacy in such polymer/surfactant mixtures in industrial formulations.
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29
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Mousavi SA, Khodadoost F. Effects of detergents on natural ecosystems and wastewater treatment processes: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:26439-26448. [PMID: 31352596 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05802-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Among the different contaminants, detergent as an important pollutant has serious risks to natural ecosystems. Furthermore, detergents can pass into the wastewater treatment plants and have bad effect on their performance. They are part of human life and consumed for different aims especially hygienic purposes. Therefore, detergent components can enter to soil and water bodies from different sources. Detergents affect fauna and flora, and they have direct and indirect effects on ecosystems. Eutrophication, foaming, and altering parameters such as temperature, salinity, turbidity, and pH are more important, and their effects need to be managed and controlled. Researchers confirmed that aerobic processes are able to degrade the most of detergents but anaerobic degradation is not possible because of restricted metabolic pathways and toxicity of them. Therefore, production of environment-friendly detergent is an important issue around the world. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, and Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Farank Khodadoost
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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30
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Nguyen LN, Johir MAH, Commault A, Bustamante H, Aurisch R, Lowrie R, Nghiem LD. Impacts of mixing on foaming, methane production, stratification and microbial community in full-scale anaerobic co-digestion process. Bioresour Technol 2019; 281:226-233. [PMID: 30825825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of mixing on key factors including foaming, substrate stratification, methane production and microbial community in three full scale anaerobic digesters. Digester foaming was observed at one plant that co-digested sewage sludge and food waste, and was operated without mixing. The lack of mixing led to uneven distribution of total chemical oxygen demand (tCOD) and volatile solid (VS) as well as methane production within the digester. 16S rRNA gene-based community analysis clearly differentiated the microbial community from the top and bottom. By contrast, foaming and substrate stratification were not observed at the other two plants with internal circulation mixing. The abundance of methanogens (Methanomicrobia) at the top was about four times higher than at the bottom, correlating to much higher methane production from the top verified by ex-situ biomethane assay, causing foaming. This result is consistent with foaming potential assessment of digestate samples from the digester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luong N Nguyen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Md Abu Hasan Johir
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Audrey Commault
- Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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31
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Milovanovic S, Markovic D, Mrakovic A, Kuska R, Zizovic I, Frerich S, Ivanovic J. Supercritical CO 2 - assisted production of PLA and PLGA foams for controlled thymol release. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2019; 99:394-404. [PMID: 30889714 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous, medical grade poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were used to develop systems for controlled release of a natural bioactive substance - thymol. Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) was successfully used both as an impregnation medium for thymol incorporation into the polymer matrix and a foaming agent in a single-step batch process. Impregnation of samples using low to moderate scCO2 densities (273 kg/m3 and 630 kg/m3) and short processing times (2 h and 4 h) enabled thymol loading of 0.92%-6.62% and formation of microcellular foams upon system depressurization. Thymol effect on structural and thermal properties on foamed samples was proven by FTIR and DSC. The effect of CO2 under elevated pressure on the neat polymers was analysed by high pressure DSC. Foaming of polymers with lower molecular weight by CO2 of higher density yielded foams with smaller pores. All tested foams released thymol in a controlled manner in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C within 3 to 6 weeks. Higher loading and lower cell density favoured thymol release rate, while its concentration in PBS for the tested period depended on foam interaction with the medium. Representative PLGA foam sample with the highest thymol loading (6.62%) showed controlled thymol release within 72 h in mediums having pH values from 1.1 to 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoja Milovanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Darka Markovic
- University of Belgrade, Innovation Centre of Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Mrakovic
- Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Theoretical and Condensed Matter Physics, 11001 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Robert Kuska
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Institute of Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, Universitätsstraβe 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Irena Zizovic
- Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sulamith Frerich
- Ruhr-University Bochum, Institute of Thermo and Fluid Dynamics, Universitätsstraβe 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jasna Ivanovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Abstract
The gas sweetening unit of phase 2 and 3 in South Pars Gas Field (Asalouyeh, Iran) was first simulated to investigate the effect of mono ethylene glycol (MEG) in the amine loop. MEG is commonly injected into the system to avoid hydrate formation while a few amounts of MEG is usually transferred to amine gas sweetening plant. This paper aims to address the points where MEG has negative effects on gas sweetening process and what the practical ways to reduce its effect are. The results showed that in the presence of 25% of MEG in amine loop, H2S absorption from the sour gas was increased from 1.09 to 3.78 ppm. Also, the reboiler temperature of the regenerator (from 129 to 135 °C), amine degradation and required steam and consequently corrosion (1.10 to 17.20 mpy) were increased. The energy consumption and the amount of amine make-up increase with increasing MEG loading in amine loop. In addition, due to increasing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) and heavy hydrocarbon solubility in amine solution, foaming problems were observed. Furthermore, side effects of MEG presence in sulfur recovery unit (SRU) such as more transferring BTEX to SRU and catalyst deactivation were also investigated. The use of total and/or partial fresh MDEA, install insulation and coating on the area with the high potential of corrosion, optimization of operational parameters and reduction of MEG from the source were carried out to solve the problem. The simulated results were in good agreement with industrial findings. From the simulation, it was found that the problem issued by MEG has less effect when MEG concentration in lean amine loop was kept less than 15% (as such observed in the industrial plant). Furthermore, the allowable limit, source and effects of each contaminant in amine gas sweetening were illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasibeh Hajilary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mashallah Rezakazemi
- Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
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Maza-Márquez P, Vílchez-Vargas R, González-Martínez A, González-López J, Rodelas B. Assessing the abundance of fungal populations in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating urban wastewater by using quantitative PCR (qPCR). J Environ Manage 2018; 223:1-8. [PMID: 29883777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of fungi in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) treating urban wastewater and experiencing seasonal foaming was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR), comparing three different sets of widely used universal fungal primers targeting the gene encoding the small ribosomal subunit RNA, 18S-rDNA, (primers NS1-Fung and FungiQuant) or the internal transcribed spacer ITS2 (primers ITS3-ITS4). Fungi were a numerically important fraction of the MBR microbiota (≥106 18S-rDNA copies/L activated sludge), and occurred both in the aerated and anoxic bioreactors. The numbers of copies of fungal markers/L activated sludge calculated using the NS1-Fung or ITS3-ITS4 primer sets were up to 2 orders of magnitude higher than the quantifications based on the FungiQuant primers. Fungal 18S-rDNA counts derived from the FungiQuant primers decreased significantly during cold seasons, concurring with foaming episodes in the MBR. Redundancy analysis corroborated that temperature was the main factor driving fungi abundance, which was also favored by longer solid retention time (SRT), lower chemical oxygen demand/biochemical oxygen demand at 5 days (COD/BOD5) of influent water, and lower biomass accumulation in the MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - R Vílchez-Vargas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - A González-Martínez
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - J González-López
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Barba A, Maazouz Y, Diez-Escudero A, Rappe K, Espanol M, Montufar EB, Öhman-Mägi C, Persson C, Fontecha P, Manzanares MC, Franch J, Ginebra MP. Osteogenesis by foamed and 3D-printed nanostructured calcium phosphate scaffolds: Effect of pore architecture. Acta Biomater 2018; 79:135-47. [PMID: 30195084 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need of synthetic bone grafts with enhanced osteogenic capacity. This can be achieved by combining biomaterials with exogenous growth factors, which however can have numerous undesired side effects, but also by tuning the intrinsic biomaterial properties. In a previous study, we showed the synergistic effect of nanostructure and pore architecture of biomimetic calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffolds in enhancing osteoinduction, i.e. fostering the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells to bone forming cells. This was demonstrated by assessing bone formation after implanting the scaffolds intramuscularly. The present study goes one step forward, since it analyzes the effect of the geometrical features of the same CDHA scaffolds, obtained either by 3D-printing or by foaming, on the osteogenic potential and resorption behaviour in a bony environment. After 6 and 12 weeks of intraosseous implantation, both bone formation and material degradation had been drastically affected by the macropore architecture of the scaffolds. Whereas nanostructured CDHA was shown to be highly osteoconductive both in the robocast and foamed scaffolds, a superior osteogenic capacity was observed in the foamed scaffolds, which was associated with their higher intrinsic osteoinductive potential. Moreover, they showed a significantly higher cell-mediated degradation than the robocast constructs, with a simultaneous and progressive replacement of the scaffold by new bone. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the control of macropore architecture is a crucial parameter in the design of synthetic bone grafts, which allows fostering both material degradation and new bone formation. Statement of Significance 3D-printing technologies open new perspectives for the design of patient-specific bone grafts, since they allow customizing the external shape together with the internal architecture of implants. In this respect, it is important to design the appropriate pore geometry to maximize the bone healing capacity of these implants. The present study analyses the effect of pore architecture of nanostructured hydroxyapatite scaffolds, obtained either by 3D-printing or foaming, on the osteogenic potential and scaffold resorption in an in vivo model. While nanostructured hydroxyapatite showed excellent osteoconductive properties irrespective of pore geometry, we demonstrated that the spherical, concave macropores of foamed scaffolds significantly promoted both material resorption and bone regeneration compared to the 3D-printed scaffolds with orthogonal-patterned struts and therefore prismatic, convex macropores.
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Osadolor OA, Jabbari M, Nair RB, Lennartsson PR, Taherzadeh MJ. Effect of media rheology and bioreactor hydrodynamics on filamentous fungi fermentation of lignocellulosic and starch-based substrates under pseudoplastic flow conditions. Bioresour Technol 2018; 263:250-257. [PMID: 29751232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study how media rheology and bioreactor hydrodynamics would influence fermentation of lignocellulosic and starch-based substrates under pseudoplastic flow conditions. This was investigated using hydrolyzed wheat straw, wheat-based thin stillage and filamentous fungi as inoculum in bubble column, airlift and horizontal hybrid tubular/bubble column (textile bioreactor) bioreactors. The rheological models showed that the consistency index was dependent on biomass growth (R2 0.99) while the flow behavior index depended on biomass growth and suspended solid (R2 0.99). Oxygen transfer rate above 0.356 mmol-O2/L/h was needed for growing fungi with a cube-root growth rate constant of 0.03 g1/3/L1/3/h. At 1.4 VVM aeration the textile bioreactor performed better than others with minimal foaming, yields of 0.22 ± 0.01 g/g and 0.47 ± 0.01 g/g for ethanol and biomass, substrate consumption rate of 0.38 g/L/h. Operating the bioreactors with air-flowrate to cross-sectional area ratio of 8.75 × 10-3 (m3/s/m2) or more led to sustained foaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osagie A Osadolor
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Mostafa Jabbari
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik R Lennartsson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden
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36
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Jiang C, Qi R, Hao L, McIlroy SJ, Nielsen PH. Monitoring foaming potential in anaerobic digesters. Waste Manag 2018; 75:280-288. [PMID: 29478959 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Foaming in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems for biogas generation can give serious operational problems. The cause of such foaming events is often unclear, and it is therefore not an easy task to predict and subsequently apply preventative measures. Methods for the measurement of the foaming potential of digester sludge are often implemented, but no standardized method is available. In this study, we investigated parameters influencing the foam formation during experimental aeration tests of full-scale digester sludge, including air flow, time, and total solids concentration, and proposed an optimized method for standard use. In a survey of 16 full-scale AD systems located at wastewater treatment plants in Denmark, all sludge samples were classified into three groups (non-foaming, pre-foaming, and actually foaming) according to their foam height/propensity and stability. Extensive surveillance of plants with the proposed classification system will enable the determination of cut-off values to help to identify foaming or pre-foaming sludge, and to associate these with operational conditions leading to foaming episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Jiang
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Rong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10085, China
| | - Liping Hao
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Jon McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark.
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37
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Sodagari M, Invally K, Ju LK. Maximize rhamnolipid production with low foaming and high yield. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 110:79-86. [PMID: 29310859 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rhamnolipids are well-known microbial surfactants with many potential applications. Their production cost, however, remains high due to the severe foaming tendency in aerobic fermentation and the relatively low productivity and yield. In this study, we assessed the boundaries set by these constraints after optimization of basic parameters such as dissolved oxygen concentration (DO), pH and carbon sources. DO 10% and pH 5.5-5.7 were found optimal; cell growth and/or rhamnolipid production were slower at lower DO (5%) or pH (5.0) while foaming became hard to control at higher DO (30%) or pH (6.0 and 6.5). Although the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain used was selected for its high rhamnolipid production from glycerol as substrate, soybean oil was still found to be a better substrate that increased specific rhamnolipid productivity to 25.8mg/g cells-h from the glycerol-supported maximum of 8.9mg/g cells-h. In addition, the foam volume was approximately halved by using soybean oil instead of glycerol as substrate. Analysis by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry revealed that rhamnolipid compositions from the two carbon sources were also very different, with primarily (82%) monorhamnolipids from soybean oil and more (64%) dirhamnolipids from glycerol. The optimized fermentation produced 42g/l rhamnolipids at a yield of approximately 47% and a volumetric productivity of 220mg/l-h. These values are among the highest reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysam Sodagari
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, United States.
| | - Krutika Invally
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, United States
| | - Lu-Kwang Ju
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, United States.
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38
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Collivignarelli MC, Castagnola F, Sordi M, Bertanza G. Sewage sludge treatment in a thermophilic membrane reactor (TMR): factors affecting foam formation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:2316-2325. [PMID: 27815847 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7983-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Foam formation in the excess sludge treatment facilities of biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) may represent a critical issue as it could lead to several operative problems and reduce the overall plant performance. This trouble also affects a novel technology recently proposed for sludge minimization, the thermophilic membrane reactor (TMR), operating with alternate aeration/non-aeration cycles. This technology, which has proven to be extremely resilient and suitable for treating industrial wastewater of different nature, demonstrated a high potential also as a solution for integrating existing WWTPs, aiming at the "zero sludge production." In this work, an experimental study was conducted with a TMR pilot plant (fed daily with thickened sewage sludge) by adjusting the duration of aeration/non-aeration alternate cycles. Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) concentration (and its soluble and bound fractions) has been monitored along with foaming power indices. The results highlight that foaming can be correlated to the presence of soluble protein fraction of EPS. Moreover, EPS production seems to be reduced by increasing the duration of the non-aeration cycles: optimal operating conditions resulted 2 h of aeration followed by 6 h of non-aeration. These conditions allow to obtain an EPS concentration of 500 mg L-1 with respect to 2300 mg L-1 measured at the beginning of experimental work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Castagnola
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Sordi
- Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bertanza
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Brescia, via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
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Maza-Márquez P, Vílchez-Vargas R, Boon N, González-López J, Martínez-Toledo MV, Rodelas B. The ratio of metabolically active versus total Mycolata populations triggers foaming in a membrane bioreactor. Water Res 2016; 92:208-217. [PMID: 26859516 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The abundance of total and metabolically active populations of Mycolata was evaluated in a full-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) experiencing seasonal foaming, using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and retrotranscribed qPCR (RT-qPCR) targeting the 16S rRNA gene sequence. While the abundance of total Mycolata remained stable (10(10) copies of 16S rRNA genes/L activated sludge) throughout four different experimental phases, significant variations (up to one order of magnitude) were observed when the 16S rRNA was targeted. The highest ratios of metabolically active versus total Mycolata populations were observed in samples of two experimental phases when foaming was experienced in the MBR. Non-metric multidimensional scaling and BIO-ENV analyses demonstrated that this ratio was positively correlated to the concentrations of substrates in the influent water, F/M ratio, and pH, and negatively correlated to temperature and solids retention time. It the first time that the ratio of metabolically active versus total Mycolata is found to be a key parameter triggering foaming in the MBR; thus, we propose it as a candidate predictive tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Maza-Márquez
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - R Vílchez-Vargas
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - N Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - J González-López
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M V Martínez-Toledo
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - B Rodelas
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Water Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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40
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Sharma C, Dinda AK, Potdar PD, Chou CF, Mishra NC. Fabrication and characterization of novel nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 64:416-427. [PMID: 27127072 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel nano-biocomposite scaffold was fabricated in bead form by applying simple foaming method, using a combination of natural polymers-chitosan, gelatin, alginate and a bioceramic-nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp). This approach of combining nHAp with natural polymers to fabricate the composite scaffold, can provide good mechanical strength and biological property mimicking natural bone. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) images of the nano-biocomposite scaffold revealed the presence of interconnected pores, mostly spread over the whole surface of the scaffold. The nHAp particulates have covered the surface of the composite matrix and made the surface of the scaffold rougher. The scaffold has a porosity of 82% with a mean pore size of 112±19.0μm. Swelling and degradation studies of the scaffold showed that the scaffold possesses excellent properties of hydrophilicity and biodegradability. Short term mechanical testing of the scaffold does not reveal any rupturing after agitation under physiological conditions, which is an indicative of good mechanical stability of the scaffold. In vitro cell culture studies by seeding osteoblast cells over the composite scaffold showed good cell viability, proliferation rate, adhesion and maintenance of osteoblastic phenotype as indicated by MTT assay, ESEM of cell-scaffold construct, histological staining and gene expression studies, respectively. Thus, it could be stated that the nano-biocomposite scaffold of chitosan-gelatin-alginate-nHAp has the paramount importance for applications in bone tissue-engineering in future regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Sharma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Dinda
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biology, Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai 400 026, India.
| | - Pravin D Potdar
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Chia-Fu Chou
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Narayan Chandra Mishra
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India.
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41
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Van Weelden MB, Andersen DS, Kerr BJ, Trabue SL, Pepple LM. Impact of fiber source and feed particle size on swine manure properties related to spontaneous foam formation during anaerobic decomposition. Bioresour Technol 2016; 202:84-92. [PMID: 26702515 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Foam accumulation in deep-pit manure storage facilities is of concern for swine producers because of the logistical and safety-related problems it creates. A feeding trial was performed to evaluate the impact of feed grind size, fiber source, and manure inoculation on foaming characteristics. Animals were fed: (1) C-SBM (corn-soybean meal): (2) C-DDGS (corn-dried distiller grains with solubles); and (3) C-Soybean Hull (corn-soybean meal with soybean hulls) with each diet ground to either fine (374 μm) or coarse (631 μm) particle size. Two sets of 24 pigs were fed and their manure collected. Factors that decreased feed digestibility (larger grind size and increased fiber content) resulted in increased solids loading to the manure, greater foaming characteristics, more particles in the critical particle size range (2-25 μm), and a greater biological activity/potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Van Weelden
- Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - D S Andersen
- Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS-National Lab for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - S L Trabue
- USDA-ARS-National Lab for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - L M Pepple
- Ag. & Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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42
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Hreczuch W, Dąbrowska K, Chruściel A, Sznajdrowska A, Materna K. 2-Ethylhexanol Derivatives as Nonionic Surfactants: Synthesis and Properties. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2016; 19:155-164. [PMID: 26766896 PMCID: PMC4700062 DOI: 10.1007/s11743-015-1760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and basic properties of 2-ethylhexanol based innovative nonionic surfactants are described in this paper. 2-Ethylhexanol as an available and relatively inexpensive raw material was used as the hydrophobe source modified by propoxylation and followed by polyethoxylation. As the result, six series of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol polyalkoxylates (EHP m E n ) were obtained with three steps of propoxylation, each followed by polyethoxylation and two series only with polyethoxylation (EHE n ). Two different catalysts were used, a dimetalcyanide and KOH. Values of average conversion rates and chemical content of the obtained products (GC, TG and GPC techniques) were compared. The influence of the applied catalyst and polyaddition degree on the homologue distribution, reactant conversion and amount of byproducts is discussed. The basic physicochemical parameters including refractive index, solubility in polar media, foaming properties and wettability were investigated and compared. Furthermore, surface activity parameters, i.e. surface tension (γCMC) and critical micelle concentrations were determined. Results are compared to C12-14 alcohol ethoxylates (LaE n ). Accordingly, it was found that the studied 2-ethylhexyl alcohol based compounds are effective, low foaming nonionic surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Agata Sznajdrowska
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Materna
- Department of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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43
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Lu X, Wang D, Qin B, Tian F, Shi G, Dong S. Novel approach for extinguishing large-scale coal fires using gas-liquid foams in open pit mines. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:18363-18371. [PMID: 26370817 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Coal fires are a serious threat to the workers' security and safe production in open pit mines. The coal fire source is hidden and innumerable, and the large-area cavity is prevalent in the coal seam after the coal burned, causing the conventional extinguishment technology difficult to work. Foams are considered as an efficient means of fire extinguishment in these large-scale workplaces. A noble foam preparation method is introduced, and an original design of cavitation jet device is proposed to add foaming agent stably. The jet cavitation occurs when the water flow rate and pressure ratio reach specified values. Through self-building foaming system, the high performance foams are produced and then infused into the blast drilling holes at a large flow. Without complicated operation, this system is found to be very suitable for extinguishing large-scale coal fires. Field application shows that foam generation adopting the proposed key technology makes a good fire extinguishment effect. The temperature reduction using foams is 6-7 times higher than water, and CO concentration is reduced from 9.43 to 0.092‰ in the drilling hole. The coal fires are controlled successfully in open pit mines, ensuring the normal production as well as the security of personnel and equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxiao Lu
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Deming Wang
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Botao Qin
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- Key Laboratory of Gas and Fire Control for Coal Mines of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Fuchao Tian
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Guangyi Shi
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Shuaijun Dong
- School of Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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Baylis JR, Yeon JH, Thomson MH, Kazerooni A, Wang X, St. John AE, Lim EB, Chien D, Lee A, Zhang JQ, Piret JM, Machan LS, Burke TF, White NJ, Kastrup CJ. Self-propelled particles that transport cargo through flowing blood and halt hemorrhage. Sci Adv 2015; 1:e1500379. [PMID: 26601282 PMCID: PMC4646796 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutics deep into damaged tissue during bleeding is challenging because of the outward flow of blood. When coagulants cannot reach and clot blood at its source, uncontrolled bleeding can occur and increase surgical complications and fatalities. Self-propelling particles have been proposed as a strategy for transporting agents upstream through blood. Many nanoparticle and microparticle systems exhibiting autonomous or collective movement have been developed, but propulsion has not been used successfully in blood or used in vivo to transport therapeutics. We show that simple gas-generating microparticles consisting of carbonate and tranexamic acid traveled through aqueous solutions at velocities of up to 1.5 cm/s and delivered therapeutics millimeters into the vasculature of wounds. The particles transported themselves through a combination of lateral propulsion, buoyant rise, and convection. When loaded with active thrombin, these particles worked effectively as a hemostatic agent and halted severe hemorrhage in multiple animal models of intraoperative and traumatic bleeding. Many medical applications have been suggested for self-propelling particles, and the findings of this study show that the active self-fueled transport of particles can function in vivo to enhance drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Baylis
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Ju Hun Yeon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Max H. Thomson
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amir Kazerooni
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xu Wang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alex E. St. John
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Esther B. Lim
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Diana Chien
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anna Lee
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jesse Q. Zhang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - James M. Piret
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lindsay S. Machan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Thomas F. Burke
- Division of Global Health and Human Rights, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nathan J. White
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christian J. Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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45
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Frey SL, Todd J, Wurtzler E, Strelez CR, Wendell D. A non- foaming proteosurfactant engineered from Ranaspumin-2. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 133:239-45. [PMID: 26117804 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Advances in biological surfactant proteins have already yielded a diverse range of benefits from dramatically improved survival rates for premature births to artificial photosynthesis. Presented here is the design, development, and analysis of a novel biosurfactant protein we call Surfactant Resisting Foam formatioN (SRFN). Starting with the Tungara frog's foam forming protein Ranaspumin-2, we have engineered a new surfactant protein with a destabilized hinge region to alter the kinetics and equilibrium of the protein structural transition from aqueous globular form to an extended surfactant structure at the air/water interface. SRFN is capable of approximately the same total surface tension reduction, but with the unique property of forming quickly collapsible foams. The difference in foam formation is attributed to the destabilizing glycine substitutions engineered into the hinge region. Surfactants used specifically to increase wettability, such as those used in agricultural applications would benefit from this new proteosurfactant since foamed liquid has greater wind resistance and decreased dispersal. Indeed, given growing concern of organsilicone surfactant effects on declining bee populations, biological surfactant proteins have several unique advantages over more common amphiphiles in that they can be renewably sourced, are environmentally friendly, degrade readily into non-toxic byproducts, and reduce surface tension without deleterious effects on cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli L Frey
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States
| | - Jacob Todd
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Elizabeth Wurtzler
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States
| | - Carly R Strelez
- Department of Chemistry, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA 17325, United States
| | - David Wendell
- Department of Biomedical, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering Research Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States.
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46
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Kougias PG, Boe K, Einarsdottir ES, Angelidaki I. Counteracting foaming caused by lipids or proteins in biogas reactors using rapeseed oil or oleic acid as antifoaming agents. Water Res 2015; 79:119-27. [PMID: 25978353 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Foaming is one of the major operational problems in biogas plants, and dealing with foaming incidents is still based on empirical practices. Various types of antifoams are used arbitrarily to combat foaming in biogas plants, but without any scientific support this action can lead to serious deterioration of the methanogenic process. Many commercial antifoams are derivatives of fatty acids or oils. However, it is well known that lipids can induce foaming in manure based biogas plants. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of rapeseed oil and oleic acid on foam reduction and process performance in biogas reactors fed with protein or lipid rich substrates. The results showed that both antifoams efficiently suppressed foaming. Moreover rapeseed oil resulted in stimulation of the biogas production. Finally, it was reckoned that the chemical structure of lipids, and more specifically their carboxylic ends, is responsible for their foam promoting or foam counteracting behaviour. Thus, it was concluded that the fatty acids and oils could suppress foaming, while salt of fatty acids could generate foam.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - K Boe
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - E S Einarsdottir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - I Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark.
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Abstract
The generation of liquid foams is at the heart of numerous natural, technical or scientific processes. Even though the subject of foam generation has a long-standing history, many recent progresses have been made in an attempt to elucidate the fundamental processes at play. We review the subject by providing an overview of the relevant key mechanisms of bubble generation within a coherent hydrodynamic context; and we discuss different foaming techniques which exploit these mechanisms.
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48
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Jarpa-Parra M, Bamdad F, Tian Z, Zeng H, Temelli F, Chen L. Impact of pH on molecular structure and surface properties of lentil legumin-like protein and its application as foam stabilizer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 132:45-53. [PMID: 26005930 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of a protein to form and stabilize foams and emulsions depends on its structural characteristics and its physicochemical properties. The structural properties of lentil legumin-like protein including molecular weight, hydrodynamic size, surface charge and hydrophobicity, and conformation were studied in relation to its air-water interfacial behaviors. Kinetics study suggested that the foaming stability was closely related to the surface conformation of the protein that strongly affected adsorption and re-organization of the protein layer at the air-water interface. Foams prepared at neutral pH showed dense and strong networks at the interface, where combination of the α-helix secondary structure, medium hydrodynamic molecular size, and balance between solubility/hydrophobicity all contributed to the formation of such strong protein network at the interface. At pH 5.0, the protein formed a dense and thick network composed of randomly aggregated protein particles at the air-water interface. Whereas at pH 3.0, the unordered structure increased intra-protein flexibility producing a less compact and relaxed interface that reduces elasticity modulus with time and reduced foam resistance against collapse. This research revealed that lentil legumin-like protein could form long-life foams at mild acidic and neutral pH. The potential for use of lentil protein as a novel foaming plant-based stabilizer is demonstrated in food and non-food applications where stable, long-life foams are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jarpa-Parra
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - F Bamdad
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Z Tian
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Feral Temelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - L Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Canada.
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49
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Capodici M, Di Bella G, Nicosia S, Torregrossa M. Effect of chemical and biological surfactants on activated sludge of MBR system: microscopic analysis and foam test. Bioresour Technol 2015; 177:80-6. [PMID: 25479397 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A bench-scale MBR unit was operated, under stressing condition, with the aim of stimulating the onset of foaming in the activated sludge. Possible synergies between synthetic surfactants in the wastewater and biological surfactants (Extra-Cellular Polymeric Substances, EPSs) were investigated by changing C/N ratio. The growth of filamentous bacteria was also discussed. The MBR unit provided satisfactory overall carbon removal overall efficiencies: in particular, synthetic surfactants were removed with efficiency higher than 90% and 95% for non-ionic and ionic surfactants, respectively. Lab investigation suggested also the importance to reduce synthetic surfactants presence entering into mixed liquor: otherwise, their presence can significantly worsen the natural foaming caused by biological surfactants (EPSs) produced by bacteria. Finally, a new analytic method based on "ink test" has been proposed as a useful tool to achieve a valuation of EPSs bound fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Capodici
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Bella
- Facoltà di Ingegneria e Architettura - Università di Enna "Kore", Cittadella Universitaria, 94100 Enna, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Nicosia
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali - Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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50
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Alfaro N, Cano R, Fdz-Polanco F. Effect of thermal hydrolysis and ultrasounds pretreatments on foaming in anaerobic digesters. Bioresour Technol 2014; 170:477-482. [PMID: 25168914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Foam appears regularly in anaerobic digesters producing operational and safety problems. In this research, based on the operational observation at semi-industrial pilot scale where sludge pretreatment mitigated foaming in anaerobic digesters, this study aimed at evaluating any potential relationship between foaming tools applied to activated sludge at lab-scale (foam potential, foam stability and Microthrix parvicella abundance) and the experimental behavior observed in pilot scale and full-scale anaerobic digesters. The potential of thermal hydrolysis and ultrasounds for reducing foaming capacity was also evaluated. Filamentous bacteria abundance was directly linked to foaming capacity in anaerobic processes. A maximum reduction of M.parvicella abundance (from 5 to 2) was reached using thermal hydrolysis with steam explosion at 170°C and ultrasounds at 66.7kWh/m(3), showing both good anti-foaming properties. On the other hand, foam potential and stability determinations showed a lack of consistency with the bacteria abundance results and experimental evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Alfaro
- University of Valladolid, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Department, EII (sede Mergelina), 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
| | - R Cano
- University of Valladolid, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Department, EII (sede Mergelina), 47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - F Fdz-Polanco
- University of Valladolid, Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology Department, EII (sede Mergelina), 47011 Valladolid, Spain.
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