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Mocanu AC, Miculescu F, Stan GE, Pasuk I, Tite T, Pascu A, Butte TM, Ciocan LT. Modulated Laser Cladding of Implant-Type Coatings by Bovine-Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite Powder Injection on Ti6Al4V Substrates-Part I: Fabrication and Physico-Chemical Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7971. [PMID: 36431457 PMCID: PMC9695758 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The surface physico-chemistry of metallic implants governs their successful long-term functionality for orthopedic and dentistry applications. Here, we investigated the feasibility of harmoniously combining two of the star materials currently employed in bone treatment/restoration, namely, calcium-phosphate-based bioceramics (in the form of coatings that have the capacity to enhance osseointegration) and titanium alloys (used as bulk implant materials due to their mechanical performance and lack of systemic toxicity). For the first time, bovine-bone-derived hydroxyapatite (BHA) was layered on top of Ti6Al4V substrates using powder injection laser cladding technology, and then subjected, in this first stage of the research, to an array of physical-chemical analyses. The laser processing set-up involved the conjoined modulation of the BHA-to-Ti ratio (100 wt.% and 50 wt.%) and beam power range (500-1000 W). As such, on each metallic substrate, several overlapped strips were produced and the external surface of the cladded coatings was further investigated. The morphological and compositional (SEM/EDS) evaluations exposed fully covered metallic surfaces with ceramic-based materials, without any fragmentation and with a strong metallurgical bond. The structural (XRD, micro-Raman) analyses showed the formation of calcium titanate as the main phase up to maximum 800 W, accompanied by partial BHA decomposition and the consequential advent of tetracalcium phosphate (markedly above 600 W), independent of the BHA ratio. In addition, the hydrophilic behavior of the coatings was outlined, being linked to the varied surface textures and phase dynamism that emerged due to laser power increment for both of the employed BHA ratios. Hence, this research delineates a series of optimal laser cladding technological parameters for the adequate deposition of bioceramic layers with customized functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura-Cătălina Mocanu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Miculescu
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - George E. Stan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Teddy Tite
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomistilor Street, RO-077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Alexandru Pascu
- Department of Materials Engineering and Welding, University Transilvania of Brasov, 29 Eroilor Blvd., RO-500036 Brasov, Romania
| | - Tudor Mihai Butte
- Department of Metallic Materials Science, Physical Metallurgy, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, J Building, RO-060042 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lucian-Toma Ciocan
- Prosthetics Technology and Dental Materials Department, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, RO-020022 Bucharest, Romania
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Sharma A, Verma K, Kaushal S, Badru R. Selective N-Alkylation of Amines with DMC over Biogenic Cu-Zr Bimetallic Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:15300-15307. [PMID: 34151109 PMCID: PMC8210448 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the green synthesis of copper-zirconium bimetallic nanoparticles (Cu-Zr BNPs) from aqueous solutions using Azadirachta indica leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The CuO, ZrO2 NP, and Cu-Zr BNP samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the morphologies of the samples were analyzed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with selected area electron diffraction analysis (SAED). The synthesized Cu-Zr BNPs have been employed as efficient catalysts for the selective N-methylation of aromatic and aliphatic amines with dimethyl carbonate. The effect of process conditions on the percentage conversion of benzylamine with dimethyl carbonate as a model reaction has been investigated. The Cu-Zr bimetallic nanoparticle catalytic system in a 1:2 molar ratio was able to convert amines into the corresponding N-methylated amines with a selectivity up to 91% at 180 °C in 4 h. The analysis of catalytic reusability confirmed that the reported heterogeneous catalyst can be used for five consecutive cycles without much loss in activity. Thus, the current protocol can be considered as a simpler, reproducible, and environmentally benign approach for N-methylation of amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Khushboo Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kaushal
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Badru
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
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Effects of Process Parameters on Geometrical Characteristics, Microstructure and Tribological Properties of TiB2 Reinforced Inconel 718 Alloy Composite Coatings by Laser Cladding. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The TiB2 reinforced Inconel 718 alloy composite coatings were prepared on carbon steel by laser cladding. The energy input (the ratio of laser power and scanning speed, E) was introduced to investigate the effects of process parameters on geometrical characteristics, microstructure and tribological properties of composite coatings. The results show that the dilution rate decreases and the contact angle increases, respectively, as E decreases from 200.00 J/mm to 80.00 J/mm, which causes the decrease of the boding strength from 1.91 GPa to 0.39 GPa. The composite coatings contain the phases of γ-(Ni, Fe), Laves, TiB2, TiB, TiC, Ni3B, CrB4 and Cr23C6. As E decreases from 200.00 J/mm to 133.33 J/mm, the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) and the Laves content of the composite coating decrease for the increase of cooling rate, leading to the increase of microhardness, the improvement of tribological properties and the change of wear mechanism from the severe multi-plastic deformation wear, adhesive wear and oxidative wear to the slight abrasive wear. However, as E decreases from 133.33 J/mm to 80.00 J/mm, for the weak Marangoni convection, TiB2 particles are prone to aggregate in the top of the composite coating which causes the increase of the PDAS and the Laves content, leading to the decrease of the microhardness and the degradation of tribological properties, and the wear mechanism change to the multi-plastic deformation wear and abrasive wear gradually.
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Microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and enhanced bioactivity of Ti-13Nb-13Zr based calcium pyrophosphate composites for biomedical applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:279-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Kuo TY, Chien CS, Liu CW, Lee TM. Comparative investigation into effects of ZrO 2 and Al 2O 3 addition in fluorapatite laser-clad composite coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2018; 233:157-169. [PMID: 30526304 DOI: 10.1177/0954411918816113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Composite coatings consisting of fluorapatite mixed with 20 wt% yttria (3 mol%) stabilized cubic phase zirconia (c-ZrO2, 3Y-TZP) or 20 wt% alumina (α-Al2O3) were deposited on Ti6Al4V substrates using a Nd:YAG laser cladding system. The interface morphology, phase composition, micro-hardness and biological properties of the two coatings were examined and compared. The results showed that the fluorapatite/Al2O3 specimen underwent a greater inter-diffusion at the interface between the coating layer and the transition layer than the fluorapatite/ZrO2 specimen. During the cladding process, the ZrO2 and Al2O3 components of the coating were completely decomposed or underwent phase transformation. In addition, the fluorapatite was partially decomposed. For both specimens, the coating layers contained fluorapatite, CaF2 and CaTiO3 phases. The coating layer of the fluorapatite/ZrO2 specimen additionally contained TTCP, CaO, CaZrO3 and m-ZrO2 (monoclinic phase), while that of the fluorapatite/Al2O3 specimen contained β-TCP, CaAl2O4 and θ-Al2O3. The average micro-hardness of the fluorapatite/ZrO2 coating layer (1300 HV) was approximately 200 HV higher than that of the fluorapatite/Al2O3 coating layer (1100 HV). Both specimens generated dense bone-like apatite following immersion in simulated body fluid for 3 days. In other words, both specimens had a good in vitro bioactivity. However, the fluorapatite/ZrO2 specimen showed a better initial attachment and spread of osteoblast-like osteosarcoma MG63 cells than the fluorapatite/Al2O3 specimen in in vitro biocompatibility tests performed for 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Yuan Kuo
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan
| | - Chi-Sheng Chien
- 2 Department of Orthopaedics, Chimei Foundation Hospital, Tainan
- 3 Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan
| | - Tzer-Min Lee
- 4 Institute of Oral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan
- 5 School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung
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Lin N, Li D, Zou J, Xie R, Wang Z, Tang B. Surface Texture-Based Surface Treatments on Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloys for Tribological and Biological Applications: A Mini Review. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040487. [PMID: 29587358 PMCID: PMC5951333 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface texture (ST) has been confirmed as an effective and economical surface treatment technique that can be applied to a great range of materials and presents growing interests in various engineering fields. Ti6Al4V which is the most frequently and successfully used titanium alloy has long been restricted in tribological-related operations due to the shortcomings of low surface hardness, high friction coefficient, and poor abrasive wear resistance. Ti6Al4V has benefited from surface texture-based surface treatments over the last decade. This review begins with a brief introduction, analysis approaches, and processing methods of surface texture. The specific applications of the surface texture-based surface treatments for improving surface performance of Ti6Al4V are thoroughly reviewed from the point of view of tribology and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiming Lin
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength and Structure Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1H9, Canada.
| | - Dali Li
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jiaojuan Zou
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Ruizhen Xie
- Department of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhihua Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Material Strength and Structure Impact, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bin Tang
- Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
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Chen T, Liu D, Wu F, Wang H. Effect of CeO₂ on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of TiC Bioinert Coatings on Ti6Al4V Alloy by Laser Cladding. MATERIALS 2017; 11:ma11010058. [PMID: 29301218 PMCID: PMC5793556 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To solve the lack of wear resistance of titanium alloys for use in biological applications, various prepared coatings on titanium alloys are often used as wear-resistant materials. In this paper, TiC bioinert coatings were fabricated on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding using mixed TiC and ZrO2 powders as the basic pre-placed materials. A certain amount of CeO2 powder was also added to the pre-placed powders to further improve the properties of the TiC coatings. The effects of CeO2 additive on the phase constituents, microstructures and wear resistance of the TiC coatings were researched in detail. Although the effect of CeO2 on the phase constituents of the coatings was slight, it had a significant effect on the microstructure and wear resistance of the coatings. The crystalline grains in the TiC coatings, observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), were refined due to the effect of the CeO2. With the increase of CeO2 additive content in the pre-placed powders, finer and more compact dendrites led to improvement of the micro-hardness and wear resistance of the TiC coatings. Also, 5 wt % content of CeO2 additive in the pre-placed powders was the best choice for improving the wear properties of the TiC coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Defu Liu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Fan Wu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Haojun Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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