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Nedylakova M, Medinger J, Mirabello G, Lattuada M. Iron oxide magnetic aggregates: Aspects of synthesis, computational approaches and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 323:103056. [PMID: 38056225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic magnetite nanoparticles have been central to numerous investigations in the past few decades for their use in many applications, such as drug delivery, medical diagnostics, magnetic separation, and material science. However, the properties of single magnetic nanoparticles are sometimes not sufficient to accomplish tasks where a strong magnetic response is required. In light of this, aggregated magnetite nanoparticles have been proposed as an alternative advanced material, which may expand and combine some of the advantages of single magnetic nanoparticles, including superparamagnetism, with an enhanced magnetic moment and increased colloidal stability. This review comprehensively discusses the current literature on aggregates made of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. This review is divided into three sections. First, the current synthetic strategies for magnetite nanoparticle aggregates are discussed, together with the influence of different stabilizers on the primary crystals and the final aggregate size and morphology. The second section is dedicated to computational approaches, such as density functional methods (which permit accurate predictions of electronic and magnetic properties and shed light on the behavior of surfactant molecules on iron oxide surfaces) and molecular dynamics simulations (which provide additional insight into the influence of ligands on the surface chemistry of iron oxide nanocrystals). The last section discusses current and possible future applications of iron oxide magnetic aggregates, including wastewater treatment, water purification, medical applications, and magnetic aggregates for materials displaying structural colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Nedylakova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Joelle Medinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Mirabello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland.
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Bunge A, Radu T, Borodi G, Boca S, Nan A. Green Synthesis of Gold, Silver, Copper, and Magnetite Particles Using Poly(tartaric acid) Simultaneously as Coating and Reductant. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4472. [PMID: 38231889 PMCID: PMC10708409 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly(tartaric acid) is a relatively recently described polymer that can be easily synthesized and scaled up from a readily available renewable material (tartaric acid). This article demonstrates its use in a green synthesis of gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, copper particles, and magnetite nanoparticles. In this case poly(tartaric acid) acts both as a reductant and as a coating agent. To our knowledge this is the first green synthesis of several different types of nanoparticles using only one reagent (polytartrate) as both reductant and coating. The resulting particles were analyzed by XRD, TEM/SEM, EDX, FTIR, DLS, zeta-potential, XPS, and UV/VIS spectroscopy. Preliminary studies of the thermal behavior of mixtures of different types of particles with poly(tartaric acid) were also conducted. The obtained particles show different sizes depending on the material, and the coating allows for better dispersibility as well as potential further functionalization, making them potentially useful also for other applications, besides the inclusion in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bunge
- National Institute R&D for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (T.R.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Teodora Radu
- National Institute R&D for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (T.R.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Gheorghe Borodi
- National Institute R&D for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (T.R.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sanda Boca
- National Institute R&D for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (T.R.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai University, 42 T. Laurian Str., 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandrina Nan
- National Institute R&D for Isotopic and Molecular Technology, 67-103 Donat Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania (T.R.); (G.B.); (S.B.)
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Baldea I, Petran A, Florea A, Sevastre-Berghian A, Nenu I, Filip GA, Cenariu M, Radu MT, Iacovita C. Magnetic Nanoclusters Stabilized with Poly[3,4-Dihydroxybenzhydrazide] as Efficient Therapeutic Agents for Cancer Cells Destruction. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:933. [PMID: 36903811 PMCID: PMC10005337 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic structures exhibiting large magnetic moments are sought after in theranostic approaches that combine magnetic hyperthermia treatment (MH) and diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging in oncology, since they offer an enhanced magnetic response to an external magnetic field. We report on the synthesized production of a core-shell magnetic structure using two types of magnetite nanoclusters (MNC) based on a magnetite core and polymer shell. This was achieved through an in situ solvothermal process, using, for the first time, 3,4-dihydroxybenzhydrazide (DHBH) and poly[3,4-dihydroxybenzhydrazide] (PDHBH) as stabilizers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed the formation of spherical MNC, X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) analysis proved the existence of the polymer shell. Magnetization measurement showed saturation magnetization values of 50 emu/g for PDHBH@MNC and 60 emu/g for DHBH@MNC with very low coercive field and remanence, indicating that the MNC are in a superparamagnetic state at room temperature and are thus suitable for biomedical applications. MNCs were investigated in vitro, on human normal (dermal fibroblasts-BJ) and tumor (colon adenocarcinoma-CACO2, and melanoma-A375) cell lines, in view of toxicity, antitumor effectiveness and selectivity upon magnetic hyperthermia. MNCs exhibited good biocompatibility and were internalized by all cell lines (TEM), with minimal ultrastructural changes. By means of flowcytometry apoptosis detection, fluorimetry, spectrophotometry for mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress, ELISA-caspases, and Western blot-p53 pathway, we show that MH efficiently induced apoptosis mostly via the membrane pathway and to a lower extent by the mitochondrial pathway, the latter mainly observed in melanoma. Contrarily, the apoptosis rate was above the toxicity limit in fibroblasts. Due to its coating, PDHBH@MNC showed selective antitumor efficacy and can be further used in theranostics since the PDHBH polymer provides multiple reaction sites for the attachment of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Baldea
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1–3 Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Petran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6 Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1–3 Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iuliana Nenu
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1–3 Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Adriana Filip
- Department of Physiology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor 1–3 Str., 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Calea Manastur 3–5 Str., 400658 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Teodora Radu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donat Str., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur Str., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Aram E, Moeni M, Abedizadeh R, Sabour D, Sadeghi-Abandansari H, Gardy J, Hassanpour A. Smart and Multi-Functional Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cancer Treatment Applications: Clinical Challenges and Future Prospects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12203567. [PMID: 36296756 PMCID: PMC9611246 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) have become a subject of interest in various biomedical fields due to their magnetism and biocompatibility. They can be utilized as heat mediators in magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) or as contrast media in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). In addition, their high drug-loading capacity enabled them to be therapeutic agent transporters for malignancy treatment. Hence, smartening them allows for an intelligent controlled drug release (CDR) and targeted drug delivery (TDD). Smart magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs) can overcome the impediments faced by classical chemo-treatment strategies, since they can be navigated and release drug via external or internal stimuli. Recently, they have been synchronized with other modalities, e.g., MRI, MHT, US, and for dual/multimodal theranostic applications in a single platform. Herein, we provide an overview of the attributes of MNPs for cancer theranostic application, fabrication procedures, surface coatings, targeting approaches, and recent advancement of SMNPs. Even though MNPs feature numerous privileges over chemotherapy agents, obstacles remain in clinical usage. This review in particular covers the clinical predicaments faced by SMNPs and future research scopes in the field of SMNPs for cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Aram
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Babol 47138-18981, Iran
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan 49188-88369, Iran
| | - Masome Moeni
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Roya Abedizadeh
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Babol 47138-18981, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Babol 47138-18981, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghi-Abandansari
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Babol 47138-18981, Iran
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635-148, Iran
| | - Jabbar Gardy
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (A.H.)
| | - Ali Hassanpour
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (A.H.)
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Suciu M, Mirescu C, Crăciunescu I, Macavei SG, Leoștean C, Ştefan R, Olar LE, Tripon SC, Ciorîță A, Barbu-Tudoran L. In Vivo Distribution of Poly(ethylene glycol) Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoclusters: An Ultrastructural Study. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2184. [PMID: 34578500 PMCID: PMC8469409 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo distribution of 50 nm clusters of polyethylene glycol-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs-PEG) was conducted in this study. SPIONs-PEG were synthesized de novo, and their structure and paramagnetic behaviors were analyzed by specific methods (TEM, DLS, XRD, VSM). Wistar rats were treated with 10 mg Fe/kg body weight SPIONs-PEG and their organs and blood were examined at two intervals for short-term (15, 30, 60, 180 min) and long-term (6, 12, 24 h) exposure evaluation. Most exposed organs were investigated through light and transmission electron microscopy, and blood and urine samples were examined through fluorescence spectrophotometry. SPIONs-PEG clusters entered the bloodstream after intraperitoneal and intravenous administrations and ended up in the urine, with the highest clearance at 12 h. The skin and spleen were within normal histological parameters, while the liver, kidney, brain, and lungs showed signs of transient local anoxia or other transient pathological affections. This study shows that once internalized, the synthesized SPIONs-PEG disperse well through the bloodstream with minor to nil induced tissue damage, are biocompatible, have good clearance, and are suited for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suciu
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Mirescu
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
| | - Izabell Crăciunescu
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (S.G.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Sergiu Gabriel Macavei
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (S.G.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Cristian Leoștean
- Physics of Nanostructured Systems Department, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.C.); (S.G.M.); (C.L.)
| | - Rǎzvan Ştefan
- Research Centre for Biophysics, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.Ş.); (L.E.O.)
| | - Loredana E. Olar
- Research Centre for Biophysics, Life Sciences Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.Ş.); (L.E.O.)
| | - Septimiu-Cassian Tripon
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciorîță
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 44 Republicii St., 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (C.M.); (S.-C.T.)
- Integrated Electron Microscopy Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Arituluk ZC, Horne J, Adhikari B, Steltzner J, Mansur S, Ahirwar P, Velu SE, Gray NE, Ciesla LM, Bao Y. Identification of TrkB Binders from Complex Matrices Using a Magnetic Drug Screening Nanoplatform. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6244-6255. [PMID: 35006910 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) have been shown to play an important role in numerous neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. The identification of biologically active compounds interacting with TrkB serves as a drug discovery strategy to identify drug leads for neurological disorders. Here, we report effective immobilization of functional TrkB on magnetic iron oxide nanoclusters, where TrkB receptors behave as "smart baits" to bind compounds from mixtures and magnetic nanoclusters enable rapid isolation through magnetic separation. The presence of the immobilized TrkB was confirmed by specific antibody labeling. Subsequently, the activity of the TrkB on iron oxide nanoclusters was evaluated with ATP/ADP conversion experiments using a known TrkB agonist. The immobilized TrkB receptors can effectively identify binders from mixtures containing known binders, synthetic small molecule mixtures, and Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica) plant extracts. The identified compounds were analyzed by an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography system coupled with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Importantly, some of the identified TrkB binders from Gotu Kola plant extracts matched with compounds previously linked to neuroprotective effects observed for a Gotu Kola extract approved for use in a clinical trial. Our studies suggest that the possible therapeutic effects of the Gotu Kola plant extract in dementia treatment, at least partially, might be associated with compounds interacting with TrkB. The unique feature of this approach is its ability to fast screen potential drug leads using less explored transmembrane targets. This platform works as a drug-screening funnel at early stages of the drug discovery pipeline. Therefore, our approach will not only greatly benefit drug discovery processes using transmembrane proteins as targets but also allow for evaluation and validation of cellular pathways targeted by drug leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekiye Ceren Arituluk
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Jesse Horne
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Jeffrey Steltzner
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Shomit Mansur
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Parmanand Ahirwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Sadanandan E Velu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 901 14th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Nora E Gray
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lukasz M Ciesla
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Yuping Bao
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
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Mansur S, Rai A, Holler RA, Mewes T, Bao Y. Synthesis and characterization of iron oxide superparticles with various polymers. JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS 2020; 515:167265. [PMID: 37779892 PMCID: PMC10540564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2020.167265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide superparticles referring to a cluster of smaller nanoparticles have recently attracted much attention because of their enhanced magnetic moments but maintaining superparamagnetic behavior. In this study, iron oxide superparticles have been synthesized using a solvothermal method in the presence of six different polymers (e.g., sodium polyacrylate, pectin sodium alginate, chitosan oligosaccharides, polyethylene glycol, and polyvinylpyrrolidine). The functional group variation in these polymers affected their interactions with precursor iron ions, and subsequently influenced crystalline grain sizes within superparticles and their magnetic properties. These superparticles were extensively characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomit Mansur
- Box 870203, Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL35487, United States
| | - Anish Rai
- Box 870324, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL35487, United States
| | - Robert A Holler
- Analytical Facility Center, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL35487, United States
| | - Tim Mewes
- Box 870324, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL35487, United States
| | - Yuping Bao
- Box 870203, Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa AL35487, United States
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Reusable magnetite nanoparticles-biochar composites for the efficient removal of chromate from water. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19007. [PMID: 33149170 PMCID: PMC7642354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75924-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar (BC) and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (MNP) have both received considerable recent attention in part due to their potential use in water treatment. While both are effective independently in the removal of a range of anionic metals from aqueous solution, the efficacy of these materials is reduced considerably at neutral pH due to decreased metal adsorption and MNP aggregation. In addition to synthetic metal oxide–biochar composites for use in treatment and remediation technologies, aggregates may also occur in nature when pyrolytic carbon is deposited in soils. In this study, we tested whether magnetite synthesized in the presence of biochar leads to increased removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), at the mildly acidic to neutral pH values characteristic of most natural and contaminated aqueous environments. To do so, magnetite nanoparticles and biochar produced from ground willow were synthesized to form composites (MNP–BC). Batch studies showed that MNP–BC markedly enhanced both adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution at acidic to neutral pH as compared to MNP and BC separately, suggesting a strong synergetic effect of hybridizing Fe3O4 with BC. Mechanistically, the Cr(VI) removal processes occurred through both adsorption and intraparticle diffusion followed by reduction to Cr(III). Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses confirmed that Cr(VI) was reduced at the surface of MNP–BC, with electrons derived directly from both biochar and magnetite at low pH, while at near-neutral pH, biochar increased Cr(VI) reduction by inhibiting MNP aggregation. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure fitting results confirmed that the Cr(III) precipitates consist of Cr(OH)3 and chromite (Cr2FeO4) nanoparticles. Our results demonstrate that MNP–BC composites have great potential as a material for the treatment of chromate-containing aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH values, and provide information valuable broadly relevant to soils and sediments that contain biochar.
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Krasia-Christoforou T, Socoliuc V, Knudsen KD, Tombácz E, Turcu R, Vékás L. From Single-Core Nanoparticles in Ferrofluids to Multi-Core Magnetic Nanocomposites: Assembly Strategies, Structure, and Magnetic Behavior. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2178. [PMID: 33142887 PMCID: PMC7692798 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles are the basic components of the most promising magnetoresponsive nanoparticle systems for medical (diagnosis and therapy) and bio-related applications. Multi-core iron oxide nanoparticles with a high magnetic moment and well-defined size, shape, and functional coating are designed to fulfill the specific requirements of various biomedical applications, such as contrast agents, heating mediators, drug targeting, or magnetic bioseparation. This review article summarizes recent results in manufacturing multi-core magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) systems emphasizing the synthesis procedures, starting from ferrofluids (with single-core MNPs) as primary materials in various assembly methods to obtain multi-core magnetic particles. The synthesis and functionalization will be followed by the results of advanced physicochemical, structural, and magnetic characterization of multi-core particles, as well as single- and multi-core particle size distribution, morphology, internal structure, agglomerate formation processes, and constant and variable field magnetic properties. The review provides a comprehensive insight into the controlled synthesis and advanced structural and magnetic characterization of multi-core magnetic composites envisaged for nanomedicine and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Krasia-Christoforou
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos Avenue, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus;
| | - Vlad Socoliuc
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Kenneth D. Knudsen
- Department for Neutron Materials Characterization, Institute for Energy Technology (IFE), 2027 Kjeller, Norway;
| | - Etelka Tombácz
- Soós Ernő Water Technology Research and Development Center, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. Str. 18., H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary;
| | - Rodica Turcu
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donat Str. 67-103, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ladislau Vékás
- Laboratory of Magnetic Fluids, Center for Fundamental and Advanced Technical Research, Romanian Academy–Timisoara Branch, Mihai Viteazul Ave. 24, 300223 Timisoara, Romania;
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Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are a class of nanoparticle that can be manipulated using magnetic fields [...]
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