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Şirin PA, Serdar S. Effects of nitrogen starvation on growth and biochemical composition of some microalgae species. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:889-902. [PMID: 38285280 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the most important nutrient sources for the growth of microalgae. We studied the effects of nitrogen starvation on the growth responses, biochemical composition, and fatty acid profile of Dunaliella tertiolecta, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Nannochloropsis oculata. The lack of nitrogen caused changes in carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and fatty acid composition in all examined microalgae. The carbohydrate content increased 59% in D. tertiolecta, while the lipid level increased 139% in P. tricornutum under nitrogen stress conditions compared to the control groups. Nitrogen starvation increased the oligosaccharide and polysaccharide contents of D. tertiolecta 4.1-fold and 3.6-fold, respectively. Furthermore, triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in N. oculata and P. tricornutum increased 2.3-fold and 7.4-fold, respectively. The dramatic increase in the amount of TAG is important for the use of these microalgae as raw materials in biodiesel. Nitrogen starvation increased the amounts of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides of D. tertiolecta, while increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in N. oculata and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in P. tricornutum. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), EPA, DHA, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides in microalgal species can be increased without using the too costly nitrogen source in the culture conditions, which can reduce the most costly of living feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Akdoğan Şirin
- Fatsa Faculty of Marine Science, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Ordu University, 52400, Fatsa, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Serpil Serdar
- Faculty of Fisheries, Department of Aquaculture, Ege University, 35030, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
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Hassan MA, Mahmoud YK, Elnabtiti AAS, El-Hawy AS, El-Bassiony MF, Abdelrazek HMA. Evaluation of Cadmium or Lead Exposure with Nannochloropsis oculata Mitigation on Productive Performance, Biochemical, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Barki Rams. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2341-2354. [PMID: 35705889 PMCID: PMC10020321 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the lead or cadmium exposure of Barki rams and the beneficial role of Nannochlorposis oculata (N. oculata) 4% as a feed supplement, as well as its mitigating role against these elements' impacts concerning performance, biochemical markers of liver enzymes and kidney function, thyroid hormone activity, and oxidative stress markers. Six groups of 36 Barki rams (33.63 ± 1.29 kg) were divided into G1: which served as control; G2: was given 4% dietary N. oculata; G3: was given oral 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride; G4: was given 5 mg/kg/day lead acetate; G5: was given oral 1 mg/kg cadmium chloride and 4% dietary N. oculata, and G6: was given oral 5 mg/kg/day lead acetate and 4% dietary N. oculata; and treatments were continued for 60 days. Cadmium and lead-exposed groups exhibited lower and weaker weight gain as well as feed conversion ratio, respectively, than the control and other groups. Additionally, levels of T3, T4, total proteins, albumin, and glutathione (GSH) were significantly reduced in both G3 and G4 compared to control. However, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, total cholesterol, triglycerides, protein carbonyl content (PCC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05) in cadmium and lead-exposed groups. Dietary N. oculata (4%) improves serum proteins, creatinine, urea, T4, and oxidative stress indicators as compared to the control group. Finally, 4% dietary N. oculata greatly enhances the investigated parameters in terms of performance, thyroid hormones, serum biochemical, and antioxidant activity and may assist in reducing the endocrine disrupting effects of Pb and Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Yasmina K Mahmoud
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - A A S Elnabtiti
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - A S El-Hawy
- Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Bioactivity and Digestibility of Microalgae Tetraselmis sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. as Basis of Their Potential as Novel Functional Foods. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020477. [PMID: 36678348 PMCID: PMC9861193 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2050, the world's population will exceed 10 billion people, which will lead to a deterioration in global food security. To avoid aggravating this problem, FAO and WHO have recommended dietary changes to reduce the intake of animal calories and increase the consumption of sustainable, nutrient-rich, and calorie-efficient products. Moreover, due to the worldwide rising incidence of non-communicable diseases and the demonstrated impact of diet on the risk of these disorders, the current established food pattern is focused on the consumption of foods that have functionality for health. Among promising sources of functional foods, microalgae are gaining worldwide attention because of their richness in high-value compounds with potential health benefits. However, despite the great opportunities to exploit microalgae in functional food industry, their use remains limited by challenges related to species diversity and variations in cultivation factors, changes in functional composition during extraction procedures, and limited evidence on the safety and bioavailability of microalgae bioactives. The aim of this review is to provide an updated and comprehensive discussion on the nutritional value, biological effects, and digestibility of two microalgae genera, Tetraselmis and Nannochloropsis, as basis of their potential as ingredients for the development of functional foods.
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Ibrahim D, Abd El-Hamid MI, Al-Zaban MI, ElHady M, El-Azzouny MM, ElFeky TM, Al Sadik GM, Samy OM, Hamed TA, Albalwe FM, Alenezi MA, Omar AE. Impacts of Fortifying Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Diet with Different Strains of Microalgae on Its Performance, Fillet Quality and Disease Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila Considering the Interplay between Antioxidant and Inflammatory Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2181. [PMID: 36358553 PMCID: PMC9686914 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative stress facing fish during intensive production brings about diseases and mortalities that negatively influence their performance. Along with that, the increased awareness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3-PUFAs) health benefits has been triggered the introduction of alternative additives in aqua feed that cause not only modulation in fish immune response but also fortification of their fillet. In this context, the role of microalgae mix (NSS) containing Nannochloropsis oculate and Schizochytrium and Spirulina species, which were enriched with bioactive molecules, especially EPA and DHA, was assessed on Nile tilapia's performance, fillet antioxidant stability, immune response, and disease resistance. Varying levels of NSS (0.75, 1.5, and 3%) were added to Nile tilapia's diet for 12 weeks and then a challenge of fish with virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) was carried out. Results showed that groups fed NSS, especially at higher levels, showed an improved WG and FCR, which corresponded with enhanced digestive enzymes' activities. Higher T-AOC was detected in muscle tissues of NSS3.0% fed fish with remarkable reduction in ROS, H2O2, and MDA contents, which came in parallel with upregulation of GSH-Px, CAT, and SOD genes. Notably, the contents of EPA and DHA in fillet were significantly increased with increasing the NSS levels. The mean log10 counts of pathogenic Vibrio and Staphylococcus species were reduced, and conversely, the populations of beneficial Lactobacillus and Bacillus species were increased more eminent after supplementation of NSS3.0% and NSS1.5%. Moreover, regulation of the immune response (lysozyme, IgM, ACH50, NO, and MPO), upregulation of IL-10, TGF-β, and IgM, and downregulation of IL-1β, TNF-α, HSP70,and COX-2 were observed following dietary higher NSS levels. After challenge, reduction in A. hydrophila counts was more prominent, especially in NSS3.0% supplemented group. Taken together, the current study encourages the incorporation of such microalgae mix in Nile tilapia's diet for targeting maximum performance, superior fillet quality, and protection against A. hydrophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mayasar I. Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed ElHady
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Mona M. El-Azzouny
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Tamer Mohamed ElFeky
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Mansura Lab, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Mansura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gehan M. Al Sadik
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Omima M. Samy
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Thoria A. Hamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Zagazig Branch, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Fauzeya Mateq Albalwe
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Anaam E. Omar
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
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Nogueira N, Nascimento FJ, Cunha C, Cordeiro N. Nannochloropsis gaditana grown outdoors in annular photobioreactors: Operation strategies. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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6
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Microalgae of the genus Nannochloropsis: Chemical composition and functional implications for human nutrition. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Amouzad Khalili M, Abedian Kenari A, Rezaei M, Mirzakhani MK. Antioxidant and Antibacterial Effects of Vitamins C and E Alone or a Combination on Microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) Paste Quality during Cold Storage. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1683108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Amouzad Khalili
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Abdolmohammad Abedian Kenari
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rezaei
- Department of Seafood processing, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Mirzakhani
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources & Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran
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Gupta N, Khare P, Singh DP. Nitrogen-dependent metabolic regulation of lipid production in microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 174:706-713. [PMID: 30878807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microalga Scenedesmus vacuolatus exhibited maximum growth, protein and carbohydrate contents at 10.0 mM concentration of nitrate, 1.0 mM of glutamate nitrogen and at C/N ratio (12 mM acetate+10 mM nitrate). However, these cell constituents showed the highest values in the C+N grown cells, but the lipid content was found to be the highest glutamate grown cells. FTIR analysis of Lipid/Carbohydrate and Lipid/Protein ratio and flow cytometric analysis of neutral lipids revealed higher lipid content in the glutamate grown cells than in the nitrogen starved, nitrate and C+N grown cells. The nitrate reductase activity was the highest in the C+ N grown cells and the lowest activity was found in the glutamate grown cells. A corollary of these results suggested that suppression of nitrogen assimilatory system, whether by glutamate or by nitrogen deprivation, was the most suitable physiological condition for enhanced lipid synthesis and biofuel production in microalgal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Gupta
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India
| | - Puneet Khare
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India
| | - D P Singh
- Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India; CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhavan, 31, MG Marg, Lucknow 226001, UP, India.
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Osorio H, Jara C, Fuenzalida K, Rey-Jurado E, Vásquez M. High-efficiency nuclear transformation of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica using Tn5 Transposome for the generation of altered lipid accumulation phenotypes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:134. [PMID: 31168324 PMCID: PMC6545213 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major problems in the production of lipids for biotechnological purposes using microalgae is maintaining a high productivity of these molecules without reducing cellular biomass. High production rates are usually obtained by cultivating microalgae under different stress conditions. However, many of these changes usually result in lower biomass productivity. Therefore, the optimization of the culture conditions and genetic modification techniques in these organisms is needed to generate robust new strains for profitable economic use. RESULTS In this work, we describe a new strategy for random mutation of genomic DNA in the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica by insertion of a Transposome complex Tn5. This complex contains an antibiotic-resistance cassette commanded by a CMV viral promoter that allows high efficiency of transformation and the generation of mutants. This strategy, complemented with a large-scale identification and selection system for mutants, such as flow cytometry with cell selection, allowed us to obtain clonal cultures of mutants with altered phenotypes in the accumulation of intracellular lipids. The characterization of some of these mutants uncovered new genes that are likely to be involved in the regulation of lipid synthesis, revealing possible cellular responses that influence the intracellular homeostasis of lipids. CONCLUSION The strategies proposed here are easy to implement in different types of microalgae and provide a promising scenario for improving biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Osorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol Jara
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Vásquez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
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Olofsson M, Lindehoff E, Legrand C. Production stability and biomass quality in microalgal cultivation - Contribution of community dynamics. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:330-340. [PMID: 32625012 PMCID: PMC6999223 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prospect of using constructed communities of microalgae in algal cultivation was confirmed in this study. Three different algal communities, constructed of diatoms (Diatom), green algae (Green), and cyanobacteria (Cyano), each mixed with a natural community of microalgae were cultivated in batch and semi-continuous mode and fed CO2 or cement flue gas (12-15% CO2). Diatom had the highest growth rate but Green had the highest yield. Changes in the community composition occurred throughout the experiment. Green algae were the most competitive group, while filamentous cyanobacteria were outcompeted. Euglenoids, recruited from scarce species in the natural community became a large part of the biomass in semi-steady state in all communities. High temporal and yield stability were demonstrated in all communities during semi-steady state. Valuable products (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) comprised 61.5 ± 5% of ash-free biomass and were similar for the three communities with lipids ranging 14-26% of dry mass (DM), proteins (15-28% DM) and carbohydrates (9-23% DM). Our results indicate that culture functions (stability, biomass quality) were maintained while dynamic changes occurred in community composition. We propose that a multispecies community approach can aid sustainability in microalgal cultivation, through complementary use of resources and higher culture stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Olofsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
| | - Catherine Legrand
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS)Department of Biology and Environmental Science (BoM)Linnæus UniversityKalmarSweden
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Cheregi O, Ekendahl S, Engelbrektsson J, Strömberg N, Godhe A, Spetea C. Microalgae biotechnology in Nordic countries - the potential of local strains. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 166:438-450. [PMID: 30809828 PMCID: PMC6850598 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, energy use and food security are the main challenges that our society is facing nowadays. Biofuels and feedstock from microalgae can be part of the solution if high and continuous production is to be ensured. This could be attained in year-round, low cost, outdoor cultivation systems using strains that are not only champion producers of desired compounds but also have robust growth in a dynamic climate. Using microalgae strains adapted to the local conditions may be advantageous particularly in Nordic countries. Here, we review the current status of laboratory and outdoor-scale cultivation in Nordic conditions of local strains for biofuel, high-value compounds and water remediation. Strains suitable for biotechnological purposes were identified from the large and diverse pool represented by saline (NE Atlantic Ocean), brackish (Baltic Sea) and fresh water (lakes and rivers) sources. Energy-efficient annual rotation for cultivation of strains well adapted to Nordic climate has the potential to provide high biomass yields for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia Cheregi
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden
| | - Susanne Ekendahl
- Department of Chemistry and MaterialsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBorås 50115Sweden
| | - Johan Engelbrektsson
- Department of Chemistry and MaterialsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBorås 50115Sweden
| | - Niklas Strömberg
- Department of Chemistry and MaterialsRISE Research Institutes of SwedenBorås 50115Sweden
| | - Anna Godhe
- Department of Marine SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden
| | - Cornelia Spetea
- Department of Biological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden
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Chemical Constituents of Nannochloropsis oculata. Chem Nat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-019-02753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Obeid S, Beaufils N, Camy S, Takache H, Ismail A, Pontalier PY. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and fractionation of lipids from freeze-dried microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Sforza E, Calvaruso C, La Rocca N, Bertucco A. Luxury uptake of phosphorus in Nannochloropsis salina : Effect of P concentration and light on P uptake in batch and continuous cultures. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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MENEGOL T, DIPRAT AB, RODRIGUES E, RECH R. Effect of temperature and nitrogen concentration on biomass composition of Heterochlorella luteoviridis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rosane RECH
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Kumar R, Biswas K, Singh PK, Singh PK, Elumalai S, Shukla P, Pabbi S. Lipid production and molecular dynamics simulation for regulation of accD gene in cyanobacteria under different N and P regimes. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:94. [PMID: 28428819 PMCID: PMC5393026 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae grown under different nutrient deficient conditions present a good source of natural lipids with applications for several types of biofuels. The expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase gene can further provide an insight to the mechanisms leading to enhanced lipid production under such stresses. In this study, two nutrients viz. nitrogen and phosphorus were modulated to see its effect on lipid productivity in selected cyanobacteria and its correlation with Accase followed by molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS Selected cyanobacteria viz. Oscillatoria sp. (SP8), Anabaena sp. (SP12), Anabaena sp. (SP13), Microcoleus sp. (SP18), and Nostoc sp. (SP20) varied in their ability to accumulate lipids which ranged from a lowest of 0.13% in Anabaena sp. (SP13) to the maximum of 7.24% in Microcoleus sp. (SP18). Microcoleus sp. (SP18) also recorded highest lipid accumulation at both N (6 mM NaNO3) and P (0.20 mM K2HPO4) limiting conditions. The overall expression of accD was found to be upregulated in both Oscillatoria sp. (SP8) and Microcoleus sp. (SP18) for all nitrogen concentrations but was differentially regulated with both positive and negative induction under phosphorus stress conditions. Maximum induction was observed in Microcoleus sp. (SP18) at 0.20 mM K2HPO4. The obtained 3D structure of SP8 protein (21.8 kDa) showed six alpha helices, while SP18 protein (16.7 kDa) exhibited four alpha helices and four beta sheets. The phi (ϕ)/psi(ψ) angles of the amino acid residues observed in Ramachandran plot analysis showed that both SP8 and SP18 proteins were highly stable with more than 90% amino acids in allowed regions. The molecular dynamics simulation results also indicated the stability of ligand-bound protein complexes. CONCLUSION It has been demonstrated that cyanobacterial isolates are affected differently by nutrient limitation leading to variation in their lipid productivity. The same has been revealed by the behavior of accD gene expression which was regulated more by nutrients concentrations rather than the organism. However, the ligand-bound protein complexes were stable throughout MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Kumar
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, 600005 India
| | - Koushik Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, Shri JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333001 India
| | - Puneet Kumar Singh
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology (NRCPB), New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sanniyasi Elumalai
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Presidency College, Chennai, 600005 India
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Sunil Pabbi
- Centre for Conservation and Utilisation of Blue Green Algae, Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Safafar H, Hass MZ, Møller P, Holdt SL, Jacobsen C. High-EPA Biomass from Nannochloropsis salina Cultivated in a Flat-Panel Photo-Bioreactor on a Process Water-Enriched Growth Medium. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080144. [PMID: 27483291 PMCID: PMC4999905 DOI: 10.3390/md14080144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis salina was grown on a mixture of standard growth media and pre-gasified industrial process water representing effluent from a local biogas plant. The study aimed to investigate the effects of enriched growth media and cultivation time on nutritional composition of Nannochloropsis salina biomass, with a focus on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Variations in fatty acid composition, lipids, protein, amino acids, tocopherols and pigments were studied and results compared to algae cultivated on F/2 media as reference. Mixed growth media and process water enhanced the nutritional quality of Nannochloropsis salina in laboratory scale when compared to algae cultivated in standard F/2 medium. Data from laboratory scale translated to the large scale using a 4000 L flat panel photo-bioreactor system. The algae growth rate in winter conditions in Denmark was slow, but results revealed that large-scale cultivation of Nannochloropsis salina at these conditions could improve the nutritional properties such as EPA, tocopherol, protein and carotenoids compared to laboratory-scale cultivated microalgae. EPA reached 44.2% ± 2.30% of total fatty acids, and α-tocopherol reached 431 ± 28 µg/g of biomass dry weight after 21 days of cultivation. Variations in chemical compositions of Nannochloropsis salina were studied during the course of cultivation. Nannochloropsis salina can be presented as a good candidate for winter time cultivation in Denmark. The resulting biomass is a rich source of EPA and also a good source of protein (amino acids), tocopherols and carotenoids for potential use in aquaculture feed industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Safafar
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Michael Z Hass
- Kalundborg Municipality, Department Development, Torvet 3A, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark.
| | - Per Møller
- Kalundborg Municipality, Department Development, Torvet 3A, Kalundborg 4400, Denmark.
| | - Susan L Holdt
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Food Institute (DTU Food), Søltofts Plads, Building 221, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Microbial oils as food additives: recent approaches for improving microbial oil production and its polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 37:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Fakhry EM, El Maghraby DM. Lipid accumulation in response to nitrogen limitation and variation of temperature in Nannochloropsis salina. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2015; 56:6. [PMID: 28510815 PMCID: PMC5432932 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-015-0085-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This batch study deals with the relation between lipid as well as triglyceride contents in Nannochloropsis salina and variation in culture conditions such as nitrogen concentration and temperature. RESULTS The tested parameters caused reduction in growth expressed as cell count, optical density and dry weight, as well strongly involved in lipids and triglycerides accumulation and significantly affected the lipid productivity. At the beginning of the work, the concentration of nitrogen in the medium was reduced to three quarter, half and quarter of the original f2 medium while the temperature kept constant. After that, the optimal nitrogen concentration (quarter of the original media) giving high lipid yield was tested with different temperature degrees from 15 to 35°C with five degree intervals. Although the growth was insignificantly influenced, a considerable increase in lipid and triglyceride (56.1 and 15.1% of dry weight respectively) was observed when the concentration of nitrogen in the medium was reduced to the quarter. Moreover, 59.3% lipid and 17.1% triglyceride on the basis of dry weight were obtained by the combination of 25% nitrogen concentration and 30°C. Simple regressions recommended that the interaction effect of nitrogen limitation and temperature on lipid and triglyceride accumulation was not as fundamental as for nitrogen limitation stress. CONCLUSION The degree of nitrogen availability in the combination of temperature effect has been identified as the critical determinant for the maximal production of lipid in N. salina. Nevertheless, major advances in this field can be considered by studying more stresses techniques and genetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Fakhry
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
| | - Dahlia M El Maghraby
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21511 Egypt
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Sriram S, Seenivasan R. Biophotonic perception on Desmodesmus sp. VIT growth, lipid and carbohydrate content. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:626-633. [PMID: 26433787 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Constant and fluctuating light intensity significantly affects the growth and biochemical composition of microalgae and it is essential to identify suitable illumination conditions for commercial microalgae biofuel production. In the present study, effects of light intensities, light:dark cycles, incremental light intensity strategies and fluctuating light intensities simulating different sky conditions in indoor photobioreactor on Desmodesmus sp. VIT growth, lipid and carbohydrate content were analyzed in batch culture. The results revealed that Desmodesmus sp. VIT obtained maximum lipid content (22.5%) and biomass production (1.033 g/L) under incremental light intensity strategy. The highest carbohydrate content of 25.4% was observed under constant light intensity of 16,000 lx and 16:08 h light:dark cycle. The maximum biomass productivity of Desmodesmus sp. VIT (53.38 mg/L/d) was occurred under fluctuating light intensity simulating intermediate overcast sky condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasan Sriram
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasubbu Seenivasan
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Byreddy AR, Gupta A, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Comparison of Cell Disruption Methods for Improving Lipid Extraction from Thraustochytrid Strains. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5111-27. [PMID: 26270668 PMCID: PMC4557016 DOI: 10.3390/md13085111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid extraction is an integral part of biodiesel production, as it facilitates the release of fatty acids from algal cells. To utilise thraustochytrids as a potential source for lipid production. We evaluated the extraction efficiency of various solvents and solvent combinations for lipid extraction from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. The maximum lipid extraction yield was 22% using a chloroform:methanol ratio of 2:1. We compared various cell disruption methods to improve lipid extraction yields, including grinding with liquid nitrogen, bead vortexing, osmotic shock, water bath, sonication and shake mill. The highest lipid extraction yields were obtained using osmotic shock and 48.7% from Schizochytrium sp. S31 and 29.1% from Thraustochytrium sp. AMCQS5-5. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid contents were more than 60% in Schizochytrium sp. S31 which suggests their suitability for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinesh R Byreddy
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Adarsha Gupta
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
| | - Munish Puri
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Geelong Technology Precinct, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong 3217, Australia.
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