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González-Matos M, Aguado ME, Izquierdo M, Monzote L, González-Bacerio J. Compounds with potentialities as novel chemotherapeutic agents in leishmaniasis at preclinical level. Exp Parasitol 2024; 260:108747. [PMID: 38518969 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2024.108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis are neglected infectious diseases caused by kinetoplastid protozoan parasites from the genus Leishmania. These sicknesses are present mainly in tropical regions and almost 1 million new cases are reported each year. The absence of vaccines, as well as the high cost, toxicity or resistance to the current drugs determines the necessity of new treatments against these pathologies. In this review, several compounds with potentialities as new antileishmanial drugs are presented. The discussion is restricted to the preclinical level and molecules are organized according to their chemical nature, source and molecular targets. In this manner, we present antimicrobial peptides, flavonoids, withanolides, 8-aminoquinolines, compounds from Leish-Box, pyrazolopyrimidines, and inhibitors of tubulin polymerization/depolymerization, topoisomerase IB, proteases, pteridine reductase, N-myristoyltransferase, as well as enzymes involved in polyamine metabolism, response against oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and sterol biosynthesis. This work is a contribution to the general knowledge of these compounds as antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maikel González-Matos
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Mirtha Elisa Aguado
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Maikel Izquierdo
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Center for Research, Diagnosis and Reference, Tropical Medicine Institute "Pedro Kourí", Autopista Novia Del Mediodía Km 6½, La Lisa, La Habana, Cuba.
| | - Jorge González-Bacerio
- Center for Protein Studies, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Havana, Calle 25 #455 Entre I y J, Vedado, La Habana, Cuba.
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Hu J, Li S, Miao M, Li F. Characterization of the antibacterial and opsonic functions of the antimicrobial peptide LvCrustinVI from Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 154:105146. [PMID: 38316231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Microbial drug resistance is becoming increasingly severe due to antibiotic abuse. The development and utilization of antimicrobial peptides is one of the important ways to solve this difficult problem. Crustins are a family of antimicrobial peptides that play important roles in the innate immune system of crustaceans. Several types of crustins exist in shrimp and their activities vary greatly. In the present study, we studied the immune function of one newly identified crustin and found that the type VI crustin encoding gene in Litopenaeus vannamei (LvCrustinVI) was mainly expressed in gills. Its expression was significantly up-regulated after Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection and knockdown of the gene promoted Vibrio proliferation in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, indicating that LvCrustinVI was involved in pathogens infection. The recombinant LvCrustinVI (rLvCrustinVI) showed strong inhibitory activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and exhibited binding activities with the bacteria and bacterial polysaccharides including Glu, LPS and PGN. In the presence of Ca2+, rLvCrustinVI showed a strong agglutination effect on V. parahaemolyticus and could significantly enhance the phagocytic ability of shrimp hemocytes against V. parahaemolyticus. In conclusion, LvCrustinVI played important roles as antimicrobial peptide and opsonin in the innate immune defense of L. vannamei. The study enriched our understanding of the functional activity of Crustin and provides an important basis for the development and utilization of antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Shihao Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Miao Miao
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Fuhua Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; The Innovation of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Zhang H, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Huang P, Gao Q, Li X, Chen Z, Liu Y, Jiang J, Gao Y, Huang J, Qin Z. Machine learning and genetic algorithm-guided directed evolution for the development of antimicrobial peptides. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00078-X. [PMID: 38431124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are valuable alternatives to traditional antibiotics, possess a variety of potent biological activities and exhibit immunomodulatory effects that alleviate difficult-to-treat infections. Clarifying the structure-activity relationships of AMPs can direct the synthesis of desirable peptide therapeutics. OBJECTIVES In this study, the lipopolysaccharide-binding domain (LBD) was identified through machine learning-guided directed evolution, which acts as a functional domain of the anti-lipopolysaccharide factor family of AMPs identified from Marsupenaeus japonicus. METHODS LBDA-D was identified as an output of this algorithm, in which the original LBDMj sequence was the input, and the three-dimensional solution structure of LBDB was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance. Furthermore, our study involved a comprehensive series of experiments, including morphological studies and in vitro and in vivo antibacterial tests. RESULTS The NMR solution structure showed that LBDB possesses a circular extended structure with a disulfide crosslink at the terminus and two 310-helices and exhibits a broad antimicrobial spectrum. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that LBDB induced the formation of a cluster of bacteria wrapped in a flexible coating that ruptured and consequently killed the bacteria. Finally, coinjection of LBDB, Vibrio alginolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus in vivo improved the survival of M. japonicus, demonstrating the promising therapeutic role of LBDB for treating infectious disease. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study pave the way for the rational drug design of activity-enhanced peptide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqian Zhang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yanran Zhu
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Pengtao Huang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Qiandi Gao
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Xiaojie Li
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Zhaoying Chen
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yu Liu
- International Academic Center of Complex Systems, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Jiakun Jiang
- Center for Statistics and Data Science, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Instrumentation and Service Center for Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China
| | - Jiaquan Huang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
| | - Zhiwei Qin
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519087, China.
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Yin C, Shen X, Wang Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Comparative study of five anti-lipopolysaccharide factor genes in Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 139:104557. [PMID: 36179895 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are a family of common innate immune effectors in crustaceans, and they exhibit broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. In this study, we identified and characterized five novel ALF genes (designated as LvALF1-5) from the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to investigate their potential immune functions. The amino acid sequence alignments showed that LvALFs contained two conserved cysteine residues, a hydrophobic N-terminal region, and the conserved signature sequence W(T/K)CPG(S)WT(A). They all shared high similarity with previously reported ALFs and were clearly novel members of the ALF family. The mRNA transcripts of LvALFs were most highly expressed in hemocytes and the hepatopancreas. After shrimp were stimulated with Vibrio parahaemolyticus or white spot syndrome virus, expression of the LvALFs was significantly induced in hemocytes and the hepatopancreas with various expression profiles. Recombinant proteins of LvALFs exhibited potent bacteriostatic activity in vitro. Together, these results suggest that LvALF1-5 participate in the immune response of Pacific white shrimp against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlin Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Qingdao 266003, Sanya, 572024, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Xiaojing Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Qingdao 266003, Sanya, 572024, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Qingdao 266003, Sanya, 572024, Ocean University of China, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Qingdao 266003, Sanya, 572024, Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, And Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Qingdao 266003, Sanya, 572024, Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, And Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, And Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Qingdao 266003, Sanya, 572024, Ocean University of China, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, And Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Matos GM, Garcia-Teodoro B, Martins CP, Schmitt P, Guzmán F, de Freitas ACO, Stoco PH, Ferreira FA, Stadnik MJ, Robl D, Perazzolo LM, Rosa RD. Antimicrobial Spectrum of Activity and Mechanism of Action of Linear Alpha-Helical Peptides Inspired by Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010150. [PMID: 36671535 PMCID: PMC9856130 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Shrimp antilipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) form a multifunctional and diverse family of antimicrobial host defense peptides (AMPs) composed of seven members (groups A to G), which differ in terms of their primary structure and biochemical properties. They are amphipathic peptides with two conserved cysteine residues stabilizing a central β-hairpin that is understood to be the core region for their biological activities. In this study, we synthetized three linear (cysteine-free) peptides based on the amino acid sequence of the central β-hairpin of the newly identified shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) ALFs from groups E to G. Unlike whole mature ALFs, the ALF-derived peptides exhibited an α-helix secondary structure. In vitro assays revealed that the synthetic peptides display a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi but not against the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania (L.) infantum. Remarkably, they displayed synergistic effects and showed the ability to permeabilize bacterial membranes, a mechanism of action of classical AMPs. Having shown low cytotoxicity to THP-1 human cells and being active against clinical multiresistant bacterial isolates, these nature-inspired peptides represent an interesting class of bioactive molecules with biotechnological potential for the development of novel therapeutics in medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Machado Matos
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.M.M.); (R.D.R.); Tel.: +55-48-3721-6163 (R.D.R.)
| | - Beatriz Garcia-Teodoro
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Camila Pimentel Martins
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulina Schmitt
- Laboratorio de Genética e Inmunología Molecular, Instituto de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2373223, Chile
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira de Freitas
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Hermes Stoco
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Fabienne Antunes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Bacteria, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marciel João Stadnik
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biotechnological Processes, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Perazzolo
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Diego Rosa
- Laboratory of Immunology Applied to Aquaculture, Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (G.M.M.); (R.D.R.); Tel.: +55-48-3721-6163 (R.D.R.)
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Wu J, Lei K, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Gao W, Zhang W, Mai K. Effects of recombinant anti-lipopolysaccharide factor expressed by Pichia pastoris on the growth performance, immune response and disease resistance of Litopenaeusvannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 129:231-242. [PMID: 36067907 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The codon-optimized anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) sequence was introduced into pPICZαA vector and transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant ALF yeast supernatant (rALF-mix) was freeze-dried and evaluated as a feed additive for Litopenaeus vannamei. It was found by antibacterial activity test in vitro that the rALF-mix had antibacterial activity under different pH and temperature conditions. The 0, 0.00375%, 0.0075%, 0.015%, 0.03% and 0.06% of rALF-mix were added respectively to make the six experimental diets. After a 10-week feeding trial with shrimps (2.36 ± 0.02 g), it was found that the weight gain rate (WGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of shrimp in the groups with 0.0075%, 0.015% and 0.03% of dietary rALF-mix supplementation were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary rALF-mix supplementation significantly increased the total haemocyte count, respiratory burst, phagocytic activity, total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC), phenol oxidase activity, nitric oxide synthase activity, lysozyme (LYZ) activity, serum antibacterial capacity in the hemolymph and the T-AOC, LYZ in the hepatopancreas of shrimps (P < 0.05). The malondialdehyde contents in hemolymph and hepatopancreas were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression levels of toll, immune deficiency, heat shock protein 70, crustin and lipopolysaccharide-β-glucan binding protein in the gill of shrimps were significantly increased (P < 0.05). After the challenge test, it was showed that dietary rALF-mix supplementation significantly improved the resistance of L. vannamei to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the rALF-mix can be used as a functional feed additive to improve the growth, immunity and disease resistance of shrimp. Based on the quadratic regression analysis for WGR, the optimal supplemental level of rALF-mix in diet for shrimp was estimated to be 0.02813%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Keke Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weihua Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China.
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feeds (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wen Hai Road, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Waterlogging Disaster and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434024, China
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The Antioxidant Effect of Natural Antimicrobials in Shrimp Primary Intestinal Cells Infected with Nematopsis messor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050974. [PMID: 35624838 PMCID: PMC9137680 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nematopsis messor infections severely impact on shrimp’s health with devastating economic consequences on shrimp farming. In a shrimp primary intestinal cells (SGP) model of infection, a sub-inhibitory concentration (0.5%) of natural antimicrobials (Aq) was able to reduce the ability of N. messor to infect (p < 0.0001). To prevent N. messor infection of SGP cells, Aq inhibits host actin polymerization and restores tight junction integrity (TEER) and the expression of Zo-1 and occluding. The oxidative burst, caused by N. messor infection, is attenuated by Aq through the inhibition of NADPH-produced H2O2. Simultaneous to the reduction in H2O2 released, the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also significantly increase (p < 0.0001). The antimicrobial mixture inactivates the ERK signal transduction pathway by tyrosine dephosphorylation and reduces the expression of DCR2, ALF-A, and ALF-C antimicrobial peptides. The observed in vitro results were also translated in vivo, whereby the use of a shrimp challenge test, we show that in N. messor infected shrimp the mortality rate was 68% compared to the Aq-treated group where the mortality rate was maintained at 14%. The significant increase in CAT and SOD activity in treated and infected shrimp suggested an in vivo antioxidant role for Aq. In conclusion, our study shows that Aq can efficiently reduce N. messor colonization of shrimp’s intestinal cells in vitro and in vivo and the oxidative induced cellular damage, repairs epithelial integrity, and enhances gut immunity.
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Discovery and Characterization of a New Crustin Antimicrobial Peptide from Amphibalanus amphitrite. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020413. [PMID: 35214145 PMCID: PMC8877177 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustins are an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) family that plays an important role in innate immunity in crustaceans. It is important to discover new AMPs from natural sources to expand the current database. Here, we identified and characterized a new crustin family member, named AaCrus1, from Amphibalanus amphitrite. AaCrus1 shares high identity (48.10%) with PvCrus, a Type I crustin of Penaeus vannamei that possesses a whey acidic protein (WAP) domain. AaCrus1 contains 237 amino acids and eight cysteine residues forming conserved ‘four-disulfide core’ structure. Our recombinant AaCrus1 (rAaCrus 1) could inhibit the growth of two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. T2) and four Gram-negative bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus) with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3.5–28 μM. It can further induce agglutination of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. rAaCrus1 can bind to bacteria and damage bacterial cell membranes. Furthermore, rAaCrus1 disrupted biofilm development of S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus. Our discovery and characterization of this new crustin can be further optimized as a good alternative to antibiotics.
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Wang P, Mao Y, Su Y, Wang J. Comparative analysis of transcriptomic data shows the effects of multiple evolutionary selection processes on codon usage in Marsupenaeus japonicus and Marsupenaeus pulchricaudatus. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:781. [PMID: 34717552 PMCID: PMC8557549 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kuruma shrimp, a major commercial shrimp species in the world, has two cryptic or sibling species, Marsupenaeus japonicus and Marsupenaeus pulchricaudatus. Codon usage analysis would contribute to our understanding of the genetic and evolutionary characteristics of the two Marsupenaeus species. In this study, we analyzed codon usage and related indices using coding sequences (CDSs) from RNA-seq data. RESULTS Using CodonW 1.4.2 software, we performed the codon bias analysis of transcriptomes obtained from hepatopancreas tissues, which indicated weak codon bias. Almost all parameters had similar correlations for both species. The gene expression level (FPKM) was negatively correlated with A/T3s. We determined 12 and 14 optimal codons for M. japonicus and M. pulchricaudatus, respectively, and all optimal codons have a C/G-ending. The two Marsupenaeus species had different usage frequencies of codon pairs, which contributed to further analysis of transcriptional differences between them. Orthologous genes that underwent positive selection (ω > 1) had a higher correlation coefficient than that of experienced purifying selection (ω < 1). Parity Rule 2 (PR2) and effective number of codons (ENc) plot analysis showed that the codon usage patterns of both species were influenced by both mutations and selection. Moreover, the average observed ENc value was lower than the expected value for both species, suggesting that factors other than GC may play roles in these phenomena. The results of multispecies clustering based on codon preference were consistent with traditional classification. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a relatively comprehensive understanding of the correlations among codon usage bias, gene expression, and selection pressures of CDSs for M. japonicus and M. pulchricaudatus. The genetic evolution was driven by mutations and selection pressure. Moreover, the results point out new insights into the specificities and evolutionary characteristics of the two Marsupenaeus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
- The Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, 210014, China
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Yongquan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, Fujian, China
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10
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Gianazza E, Eberini I, Palazzolo L, Miller I. Hemolymph proteins: An overview across marine arthropods and molluscs. J Proteomics 2021; 245:104294. [PMID: 34091091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this compilation we collect information about the main protein components in hemolymph and stress the continued interest in their study. The reasons for such an attention span several areas of biological, veterinarian and medical applications: from the notions for better dealing with the species - belonging to phylum Arthropoda, subphylum Crustacea, and to phylum Mollusca - of economic interest, to the development of 'marine drugs' from the peptides that, in invertebrates, act as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and/or antiviral agents. Overall, the topic most often on focus is that of innate immunity operated by classes of pattern-recognition proteins. SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response in invertebrates relies on innate rather than on adaptive/acquired effectors. At a difference from the soluble and membrane-bound immunoglobulins and receptors in vertebrates, the antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and/or antiviral agents in invertebrates interact with non-self material by targeting some common (rather than some highly specific) structural motifs. Developing this paradigm into (semi) synthetic pharmaceuticals, possibly optimized through the modeling opportunities offered by computational biochemistry, is one of the lessons today's science may learn from the study of marine invertebrates, and specifically of the proteins and peptides in their hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Gianazza
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ivano Eberini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Luca Palazzolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie, Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria.
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11
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A Lymphoid Organ Specific Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor from Litopenaeus vannamei Exhibits Strong Antimicrobial Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19050250. [PMID: 33925052 PMCID: PMC8145222 DOI: 10.3390/md19050250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Different shrimp species are known to possess apparent distinct resistance to different pathogens in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this finding still remains unknown. One kind of important antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALF), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Here, we reported a newly identified ALF from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and compared the immune function with its counterpart in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The ALF, designated as LvALF8, was specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of L. vannamei. The expression level of LvALF8 was apparently changed after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenges. The synthetic LBD peptide of LvALF8 (LvALF8-LBD) showed strong antibacterial activities against most tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LvALF8-LBD could also inhibit the in vivo propagation of WSSV similar as FcALF8-LBD, the LBD of LvALF8 counterpart in F. chinensis. However, LvALF8-LBD and FcALF8-LBD exhibited apparently different antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, the main pathogen causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of affected shrimp. A structural analysis showed that the positive net charge and amphipathicity characteristics of LvALF8-LBD peptide were speculated as two important components for its enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to those of FcALF8-LBD. These new findings may not only provide some evidence to explain the distinct disease resistance among different shrimp species, but also lay out new research ground for the testing and development of LBD-originated antimicrobial peptides to control of shrimp diseases.
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12
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Costa NCS, Piccoli JP, Santos-Filho NA, Clementino LC, Fusco-Almeida AM, De Annunzio SR, Fontana CR, Verga JBM, Eto SF, Pizauro-Junior JM, Graminha MAS, Cilli EM. Antimicrobial activity of RP-1 peptide conjugate with ferrocene group. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228740. [PMID: 32214347 PMCID: PMC7098557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases are a neglected and serious problem, especially in underdeveloped countries. Among the major parasitic diseases, Leishmaniasis figures as an urgent challenge due to its high incidence and severity. At the same time, the indiscriminate use of antibiotics by the population is increasing together with resistance to medicines. To address this problem, new antibiotic-like molecules that directly kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms are necessary, where antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) can be of great help. In this work, the ferrocene molecule, one active compound with low levels of in vivo toxicity, was coupled to the N-terminus of the RP1 peptide (derived from the human chemokine CXCL4), aiming to evaluate how this change modifies the structure, biological activity, and toxicity of the peptide. The peptide and the conjugate were synthesized using the solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Circular dichroism assays in PBS showed that the RP1 peptide and its conjugate had a typical spectrum for disordered structures. The Fc-RP1 presented anti-amastigote activity against Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 = 0.25 μmol L–1). In comparison with amphotericin B, a second-line drug approved for leishmaniasis treatment, (IC50 = 0.63 μmol L-1), Fc-RP1 was more active and showed a 2.5-fold higher selectivity index. The RP1 peptide presented a MIC of 4.3 μmol L-1 against S. agalactiae, whilst Fc-RP1 was four times more active (MIC = 0.96 μmol L-1), indicating that ferrocene improved the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The Fc-RP1 peptide also decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the assays against E. faecalis (MIC = 7.9 μmol L-1), E. coli (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1) and S. aureus (MIC = 3.9 μmol L-1). The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested against HaCaT cells, and no significant activity at the highest concentration tested (500 μg. mL-1) was observed, showing the high potential of this new compound as a possible new drug. The coupling of ferrocene also increased the vesicle permeabilization of the peptide, showing a direct relation between high peptide concentration and high carboxyfluorescein release, which indicates the action mechanism by pore formation on the vesicles. Several studies have shown that ferrocene destabilizes cell membranes through lipid peroxidation, leading to cell lysis. It is noteworthy that the Fc-RP1 peptide synthesized here is a prototype of a bioconjugation strategy, but it still is a compound with great biological activity against neglected and fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia C. S. Costa
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Julia P. Piccoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Norival A. Santos-Filho
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Leandro C. Clementino
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Ana M. Fusco-Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Sarah R. De Annunzio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Carla R. Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Juliane B. M. Verga
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Silas F. Eto
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - João M. Pizauro-Junior
- Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
| | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Technological Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- * E-mail: (EMC); (MASG)
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13
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Lang L, Bao M, Jing W, Chen W, Wang L. Clone, identification and functional characterization of a novel toll (Shtoll1) from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense in response to cadmium exposure and Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:401-413. [PMID: 31953198 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Toll is essential in innate immune system which is important for defense against bacterial, fungal and viral infections in invertebrates. Our previous study showed that cadmium (Cd) could change the expression pattern of ShToll3 in the epithelium (gills and midgut from the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. To investigate the diverse innate immune roles of crustacean homolog Tolls, in this study, we cloned Shtoll1 from S. henanense. The full-length cDNA of Shtoll1 was 4746 bp, with an ORF of 3033 bp encoding a putative protein of 111 amino acids, a 5'-untranslated region of 255 bp and a 3'-untranslated region of 1713 bp. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ShToll1 was clustered into the group of DmToll1, DmToll 4 and DmToll 5. In addition, the tissue distribution results showed that Shtoll1 was expressed widely in different tissues, with the highest expression in heamocytes. Besides, Shtoll1 expressions were upregulated in heamocytes and hepatopancreas after A. hydrophila infection. At the same time, the increase of Shtoll1 expressions were examined in heamocytes in response to Cd exposure and A. hydrophila infection in combination. Through western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis, the ShToll1 expressions in heamocytes were increased in response to A. hydrophila and Cd independently as well as in combination. Moreover, the mRNA level of three antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) alf5, alf6, and c-lys, which possibly responded to Cd and A. hydrophila stimulation through Shtoll1, were analyzed. Thus, we conclude that Cd expand the susceptibility of ShToll1 to A. hydrophila infection in heamocytes. This suggest that ShToll1 may contribute to the innate immune defense of S. henanense against A. hydrophila and Cd in heamocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Lang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Minnan Bao
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Weixin Jing
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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14
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Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are a type of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) which show broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and viruses. In this chapter, we review the discovery and classification of this kind of antimicrobial peptide in crustaceans. The structure and function, as well as the mechanism of antibacterial and antiviral activities of ALFs will be summarized and discussed. We will then describe the expression and regulation of various ALF genes in different crustacean species. Finally, the application prospects of ALFs in drug development and disease-resistant genetic breeding will be pointed out and discussed. The review will also discuss several key questions such as the systematic classification and expression regulation of the ALF genes, as well as the future application of ALFs and ALF-derived peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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15
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Zhou L, Li G, Jiao Y, Huang D, Li A, Chen H, Liu Y, Li S, Li H, Wang C. Molecular and antimicrobial characterization of a group G anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) from Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:149-156. [PMID: 31465873 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are important host-defense molecules of crustaceans. They all contain a lipopolysaccharide-binding domain (LBD) and some ALFs exhibit strong antimicrobial activity. In this research, a Group G ALF from Penaeus monodon (ALFPm11) was studied. It is an anionic peptide specifically having a cationic and highly amphipathic LBD, with five positively charged residues separated by aromatic residues. It was abundantly expressed in the hepatopancreas of P. monodon normally but the expression level in other tissues was relatively low or undetectable. However, in the shrimps challenged by Vibrio, expression of ALFPm11 could be detected in all tissues. Chemically synthesized ALFPm11-LBD displayed high inhibitory activity (minimum inhibition concentration≤ 4 μM) against various bacteria, e.g. Exiguobacterium sp. L33, Bacillus sp. T2, and Acinetobacter sp. L32. It also displayed apparent activity in the agar well diffusion assay. Furthermore, it could efficiently induce agglutination of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and cause significant membrane permeabilization of the bacteria. As a comparative study, ALFPm11-LBD showed a better or equal antimicrobial function to ALFPm3-LBD which was reported to possess strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Thus, this research found a new effective ALF in P. monodon and demonstrated its antimicrobial mechanism, suggesting its potential applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Danqiong Huang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Anguo Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Huirong Chen
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Shuiming Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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16
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Zhou L, Li G, Li A, Jiao Y, Li S, Huang J, Yang L, Wang C. Characterization of a group D anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) involved in anti-Vibrio response in Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:384-392. [PMID: 30951853 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an essential component of innate immunity of invertebrates. Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF), as a main type of AMPs in crustaceans, attends in the disease prevention in general. In this research, a novel Group D ALF was identified and characterized from Penaeus monodon, named PenmonALF8. It was an anionic peptide, with both the full-length peptide and lipopolysaccharide binding domain (LBD) a low isoelectric point. PenmonALF8, composed of a signal peptide of 26 amino acids and a mature peptide of 98 amino acids, probably contained three alpha helixes and four beta sheets. Moreover, PenmonALF8 was detected in all tested tissues of P. monodon, and the expression level in hemocyte and intestine was relatively high. When challenged by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, PenmonALF8 showed 30-100 times higher expression level in all the tissues except in hemocyte and intestine, indicating that PenmonALF8 played a very important role in the immune response of P. monodon. By fusing to a SUMO protein, PenmonALF8 was successfully over-expressed in E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Additionally, the reconstituted PenmonALF8 and its LBD region displayed modest antimicrobial activity. This is the first research about the Group D ALF in P. monodon, which provides more information for humoral immunity study of shrimps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Anguo Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Shuiming Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, PR China
| | - Lishi Yang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, 518121, PR China
| | - Chaogang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China.
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17
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Li S, Lv X, Li F, Xiang J. Characterization of a Lymphoid Organ Specific Anti-lipopolysaccharide Factor From Shrimp Reveals Structure-Activity Relationship of the LPS-Binding Domain. Front Immunol 2019; 10:872. [PMID: 31110504 PMCID: PMC6499195 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor (ALF) is a kind of important antimicrobial peptides with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. The LPS-binding domain (LBD) contributes to the major antimicrobial activity of ALF. However, LBDs from different ALFs share low sequence similarity. The general character of LBDs needs to be elucidated to understand the molecular mechanism of their function and facilitate LBD-original drug design. Here we identified a lymphoid organ specifically expressed ALF, designated as FcALF8, from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The synthetic LBD peptide of FcALF8 (LBD8) showed strong antibacterial activities to the pathogenic Vibrio, such as Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Photobacterium damselae with a MIC value of 0.5–1, 1–2, and 1–2 μM, respectively. FcALF8 knock-down using dsRNA led to significant increase of the viable bacteria in the lymphoid organ and hepatopancreas of shrimp upon V. harveyi infection. On the contrary, the proliferation of V. harveyi in the shrimp lymphoid organ and hepatopancreas significantly decreased after infected by LBD8 pre-incubated V. harveyi. Sequence alignments showed that the LBDs from 39 ALFs shared only two identical cysteine residues. However, 17 of the total 22 LBD residues showed high similarity when the amino acids were classified into hydrophobic and hydrophilic ones. A further activity analysis on modified LBD8 peptides showed that the antibacterial activity of LBD8 was lost after linearization and apparently weakened after changing the amino acid property at certain positions. The data indicated that the disulfide bond and amino acid property contributed to the conservation of the functional domain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first identified ALFs specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of shrimp with strong antibacterial activity. The present data will give creative instructions for the design of LBD-originated antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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18
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Hui K, Ren Q, Cao J. Insights into the intestine immune of Marsupenaeus japonicus under the white spot syndrome virus challenge using RNA sequencing. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 208:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Nam BH, Park EH, Shin EH, Kim YO, Kim DG, Kong HJ, Park JY, Seo JK. Development of novel antimicrobial peptides derived from anti-lipopolysaccharide factor of the swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:664-672. [PMID: 30336284 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are a representative host defense protein in crustaceans. In this study, we successfully developed two novel antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), named crab-ALF2A and crab-ALF6A, which contain changes to the amino acid sequences of the lipopolysaccharide binding domain and signal peptide, respectively, of the ALF of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. The crab-ALF2A peptide showed potent antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus iniae (minimal effective concentration [MEC] 1.51-1.93 μg/mL) and the Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (MEC 1.87-1.98 μg/mL), with maximal bactericidal activity at a peptide concentration of 5 μg/mL. The crab-ALF6A peptide also showed potent antimicrobial activity against B. cereus, S. aureus, and S. iniae (MEC 1.49-2.3 μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa and E. coli (MEC 1.72-1.19 μg/mL) at a peptide concentration of 5 μg/mL. Notably, the crab-ALF2A and crab-ALF6A peptides exhibited strong activity against Candida albicans (MECs of 2.11 and 1.95 μg/mL, respectively). These activities were stable following heat treatment. Moreover, the effect of crab-ALF2A and crab-ALF6A peptide treatment on microbe cell morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Membrane disruption and damage, and the leakage of cytoplasmic content were clearly observed. A downsizing peptide approach illustrated that the hexapeptide ALF6A8 (RVLLRL) was the shortest peptide showing significant antimicrobial activity. Our approach allows for the generation of novel antimicrobial peptides in a cost effective manner as potential next-generation antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Hee Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Shin
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haean-ro 216, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kil Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Multiple Isoforms of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors and Their Antimicrobial Functions in the Ridgetail Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16050145. [PMID: 29702556 PMCID: PMC5983276 DOI: 10.3390/md16050145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As a kind of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in crustacean, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) have broad spectrum antimicrobial activities. In the present study, we identified four ALF genes, EcALF2-5, from the ridgetail prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. Tissue distribution analysis showed that EcALF2 and EcALF4 transcripts were mainly located in gill, epidermis, and stomach, while EcALF3 and EcALF5 were mainly in hemocytes. Peptides corresponding to the LPS binding domain (LBD) of EcALFs were synthesized for analyzing their antimicrobial activities. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis showed that the synthetic LBD peptides of EcALF3 and EcALF4 could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, while the synthetic LBD peptides of EcALF2 and EcALF5 showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio. Incubation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) with the synthetic LBD peptides of EcALF3, EcALF4, and EcALF5 could reduce the in vivo viral copy number in WSSV-infected prawns. After silencing of EcALFs, Vibrio exhibited a rapid proliferation in the hepatopancreas of the prawn. The present data showed the important function of different EcALFs in modulating the in vivo bacterial and viral propagation in E. carinicauda. This study will provide new clues into the disease control in aquaculture.
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21
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Zhang Y, Yang H, Song W, Cui D, Wang L. Identification and characterization of a novel goose-type and chicken-type lysozyme genes in Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus) with potent antimicrobial activity. Genes Genomics 2018; 40:569-577. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-018-0656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Yang H, Lu B, Zhou D, Zhao L, Song W, Wang L. Identification of the first cathelicidin gene from skin of Chinese giant salamanders Andrias davidianus with its potent antimicrobial activity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 77:141-149. [PMID: 28801228 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins, as effector molecules, play important roles against infections and represent a crucial component of the innate immune system in vertebrates. They are widely studied in mammals, but little is known in amphibians. In the present study, we report the identification and characterization of a novel cathelicidin from Chinese giant salamander Andrias davidianus, which is the first study in Caudata amphibian. The cDNA sequence encodes a predicted 148-amino-acid polypeptide, which composed of a 20-residue signal peptide, a 94-residue conserved cathelin domain and a 34-residue mature peptide. From the multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis, AdCath shared conserved structure with other orthologs and clustered with other amphibian peptides. The tissue expression profiles revealed AdCath was highly expressed in skin. To study the function of AdCath gene, the AdCath precursor protein and mature peptide were recombinantly expressed and chemical synthesized respectively. The rAdCath protein could bind to LPS in a dose-dependent manner. When the concentrations of rAdCath protein and mature peptide were up to 22 μg/mL, they showed significantly cytotoxicity to human 293T cell lines. The rAdCath protein and synthetic peptide could exhibit antibacterial activities detected by the minimum inhibitory concentrations assay. From the SEM assay, the synthetic mature peptide could destroy the membrane of bacteria and cause loss of membrane integrity. Collectively, these findings characterized the first cathelicidin from A. davidianus, and highlighted its potential antimicrobial activities, indicating its important roles in the skin immune response against different bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Baoyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Weijia Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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23
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Vieira-Girão PRN, Falcão CB, Rocha IRCB, Lucena HMR, Costa FHF, Rádis-Baptista G. Antiviral Activity of Ctn[15-34], A Cathelicidin-Derived Eicosapeptide, Against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus in Litopenaeus vannamei Primary Hemocyte Cultures. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:277-286. [PMID: 28210987 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The shrimp farming has been converted into a mature aquaculture industry dealing with over millions of metric tonnes of processed commodities. Nevertheless, the global shrimp productions are constantly threatened by disease outbreaks, mainly triggered by rapidly disseminating viruses. Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is one of these epizootic agents affecting shrimp production in Brazil, of which no treatment exists. Herein, the antiviral activity against IMNV of an eicosapeptide, named Ctn[15-34], derived from a member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides, was demonstrated. Cultures of hemocytes from Litopenaeus vannamei were established that support IMNV replication and infectivity titration. The cytotoxic effect of IMNV in culture and the in vitro anti-IMNV activity of Ctn[15-34] were assessed using a high-sensitive fluorescent-based method in combination with quantitative PCR. The Ctn[15-34] (<12.5 µM) neutralized the toxic effects of IMNV at loads sufficient to kill 50% of shrimp hemocytes. This study reported for the first time the replication of IMNV in vitro and the employment of a straightforward methodology to assess cell viability and viral/antiviral activities. In addition, it provided the basis for the development of the anti-infective multi-effector Ctn[15-34] eicosapeptide and analogs as components of antiviral formulations against shrimp viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R N Vieira-Girão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. da Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Post-graduation program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60455-900, Brazil
| | - C B Falcão
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. da Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, the Federal University of Ceará, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60740-000, Brazil
| | - I R C B Rocha
- Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology, Acaraú, CE, 62580-000, Brazil
| | - H M R Lucena
- Federal Institute for Education, Science and Technology, Acaraú, CE, 62580-000, Brazil
| | - F H F Costa
- Department of Fishery Engineering, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-000, Brazil
| | - G Rádis-Baptista
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institute for Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará, Av. da Abolição 3207, Fortaleza, CE, 60165-081, Brazil.
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24
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Hou ZG, Wang Y, Hui K, Fang WH, Zhao S, Zhang JX, Ma H, Li XC. A novel anti-lipopolysaccharide factor SpALF6 in mud crab Scylla paramamosain exhibiting different antimicrobial activity from its single amino acid mutant. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 72:44-56. [PMID: 28232132 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) are important immune effectors that have sequence diversity and exhibit broad antimicrobial activities. In this study, we characterized a novel ALF homolog SpALF6 from mud crab Scylla paramamosain and its variant SpALF6-V, which was generated by mutations of two amino acids (H46 to R and A110 to P) due to the presence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SpALF6 was an anionic peptide with isoelectric point (pI) 6.79, whereas SpALF6-V was a cationic protein with pI 7.98. These two proteins shared a common lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding domain (LBD) with pI 6.05. SpALF6 was expressed mainly in hemocytes and up-regulated by Vibrio parahaemolyticus or Staphylococcus aureus challenge, indicating that SpALF6 may participate in the antibacterial immune responses. To investigate the likely functional differences between SpALF6 and SpALF6-V and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a single amino acid mutant SpALF6-M (from H46 to R, outside but very close to LBD), which had the same pI as SpALF6-V, was harvested by a fusion PCR. Then, both SpALF6 and SpALF6-M were overexpressed and purified to test antimicrobial activity and binding activity to microbial cells or polysaccharides. SpALF6-M exhibited more potent antimicrobial and cell-binding activity on Gram-positive bacteria and fungi than SpALF6. Furthermore, SpALF6-M possessed stronger lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-binding activity than SpALF6, demonstrating that this particular positively charged amino acid outside but close to LBD contributed to the increase in SpALF6-M antibacterial activity. In addition, SpALF6 LBD peptide and its biotin-labeled form were synthesized in this study. Results showed that this anionic LBD peptide itself did not exhibit any significant antimicrobial activity against 10 kinds of microorganisms but it possessed strong binding activity to LPS, LTA, and peptidoglycan. These findings suggested that this anionic LBD was still an important active center and required collaboration with some particular positively charged amino acids outside LBD to exhibit antibacterial activity. Thus, SpALF6-M antimicrobial activity was increased by the mutation of H46 to R instead of A110 to P, which did not change the protein charge, suggesting that SpALF6-V may have more potent antimicrobial activity than SpALF6 and play more important roles in antibacterial immunity. This study provided a new insight into the mechanisms of how ALF amino acid sequence diversity resulted in their functional divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Hou
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China; School of Aquaculture and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Kaimin Hui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Wen-Hong Fang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Jing-Xiao Zhang
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063 China.
| | - Xin-Cang Li
- East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Oceanic Fishery Resources Exploitation, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 200090, China.
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25
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Lv X, Li S, Liu F, Li F, Xiang J. Identification and function analysis of an anti-lipopolysaccharide factor from the ridgetail prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:128-134. [PMID: 28082184 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor is a kind of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) with broad-spectrum activities against bacteria, virus, and fungi in crustacean. Different isoforms of ALFs showed different activities to virus or bacteria. Therefore, discovery of more ALFs will provide new insights into drug development and disease control. Here we reported an ALF gene, EcALF1, isolated from the ridgetail prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. Its transcripts was mainly detected in hemocytes. Silencing of EcALF1 caused a lesion of hepatopancreas and finally led to death of the prawn. In vivo bacteria detection to the hepatopancreas showed that the colonies of thiosulphate citrate bile salts (TCBS) cultured bacteria in EcALF1-silenced prawn increased dramatically. We identified the dominant bacteria cultured in TCBS and found that Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were dominant bacteria which were pathogenic species to prawn. We further synthesized the functional domain, LPS binding domain (LBD) of EcALF1, and its antibacterial and antiviral activities were detected. The synthetic EcLBD1 peptide showed very strong antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus and V. alginolyticus. Pre-incubation of WSSV with EcLBD1 peptide reduced the pathogenicity of WSSV infection to the prawn. The present data showed the important roles of an ALF gene in modulating the in vivo bacterial proliferation in E. carinicauda and provided new insight in disease control in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, China
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26
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Yang H, Li S, Li F, Yu K, Yang F, Xiang J. Recombinant Expression of a Modified Shrimp Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor Gene in Pichia pastoris GS115 and Its Characteristic Analysis. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14080152. [PMID: 27517939 PMCID: PMC4999913 DOI: 10.3390/md14080152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALFs) with a LPS-binding domain (LBD) are considered to have broad spectrum antimicrobial activities and certain antiviral properties in crustaceans. FcALF2 was one isoform of ALFs isolated from the Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. Our previous study showed that a modified LBD domain (named LBDv) of FcALF2 exhibited a highly enhanced antimicrobial activity. In the present study, a modified FcALF2 gene (mFcALF2), in which the LBD was substituted by LBDv, was designed and synthesized. This gene was successfully expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 eukaryotic expression system, and the characteristics of the recombinant protein mFcALF2 were analyzed. mFcALF2 exhibited apparent antibacterial activities against Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus licheniformis and Staphylococcus epidermidis. In addition, mFcALF2 could reduce the propagation of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in vivo by pre-incubation with virus. The present study paves the way for developing antimicrobial drugs in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Kuijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fusheng Yang
- Hangzhou Xiaoshan Donghai Aquaculture Company Limited, Hangzhou 311200, China.
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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