1
|
Extraction and Quantitation of Phytosterols from Edible Brown Seaweeds: Optimization, Validation, and Application. Foods 2023; 12:foods12020244. [PMID: 36673338 PMCID: PMC9858231 DOI: 10.3390/foods12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown seaweeds are known as important marine food sources, from which phytosterols have been recognized as functional food components with multiple health-beneficial effects. However, studies on phytosterol extraction and quantitation from edible brown seaweeds are limited. In the present work, extraction methods for seaweed phytosterols were compared and optimized by one-factor-at-one-time method and response surface methodology. Moreover, the quantitation method of total sterols and major sterol components, including fucosterol, saringosterol, and ostreasterol, was established and validated using 1H NMR. Furthermore, the developed extraction and determination methods were applied to investigate three common edible seaweeds from Japan (Hijiki, Wakame, and Kombu). As a result, the finally optimized conditions were ultrasound-assisted extraction with CHCl3-MeOH 2:3 for 15 min followed by saponification with 1.65 mL of 1.85 M KOH for 14.5 h. Based on the developed methods, phytosterols in three seaweeds were compared, and Hijiki showed an abundant total sterol amount (2.601 ± 0.171 mg/g DW), significantly higher than Wakame (1.845 ± 0.137 mg/g DW) and Kombu (1.171 ± 0.243 mg/g DW). Notably, the composition of the sterol components varied in different seaweeds. These findings might help the nutritional investigation and functional food development concerning phytosterols from seaweeds.
Collapse
|
2
|
Refaey MS, Shah MA, Fayed MA, Rasul A, Siddiqui MF, Qasim M, Althobaiti NA, Saleem U, Malik A, Blundell R, Eldahshan OA. Neuroprotective effects of steroids. PHYTONUTRIENTS AND NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS 2023:283-304. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-824467-8.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
3
|
Khotimchenko YS, Silachev DN, Katanaev VL. Marine Natural Products from the Russian Pacific as Sources of Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:708. [PMID: 36421986 PMCID: PMC9697637 DOI: 10.3390/md20110708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are growing to become one of humanity's biggest health problems, given the number of individuals affected by them. They cause enough mortalities and severe economic impact to rival cancers and infections. With the current diversity of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases, on the one hand, and scarcity of efficient prevention and treatment strategies, on the other, all possible sources for novel drug discovery must be employed. Marine pharmacology represents a relatively uncharted territory to seek promising compounds, despite the enormous chemodiversity it offers. The current work discusses one vast marine region-the Northwestern or Russian Pacific-as the treasure chest for marine-based drug discovery targeting neurodegenerative diseases. We overview the natural products of neurological properties already discovered from its waters and survey the existing molecular and cellular targets for pharmacological modulation of the disease. We further provide a general assessment of the drug discovery potential of the Russian Pacific in case of its systematic development to tackle neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri S. Khotimchenko
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Denis N. Silachev
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of Biopolymers, A.N. Belozersky Research Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir L. Katanaev
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 ul. Sukhanova, 690950 Vladivostok, Russia
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Men X, Han X, Lee SJ, Oh G, Jin H, Oh HJ, Kim E, Kim J, Lee BY, Choi SI, Lee OH. In-Depth Understanding of Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura: A Review of Its Bioactivities and Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:607. [PMID: 36286432 PMCID: PMC9604725 DOI: 10.3390/md20100607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecklonia stolonifera Okamura (ES) is mainly distributed in the coastal areas of the middle Pacific, around Korea and Japan, and has a long-standing edible value. It is rich in various compounds, such as polysaccharides, fatty acids, alginic acid, fucoxanthin, and phlorotannins, among which the polyphenol compound phlorotannins are the main active ingredients. Studies have shown that the extracts and active components of ES exhibit anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, and other pharmacological properties in vivo and in vitro. Although ES contains a variety of bioactive compounds, it is not widely known and has not been extensively studied. Based on its potential health benefits, it is expected to play an important role in improving the nutritional value of food both economically and medically. Therefore, ES needs to be better understood and developed so that it can be utilized in the development and application of marine medicines, functional foods, bioactive substances, and in many other fields. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the bioactivities and bioactive compounds of ES to promote in-depth research and a reference for the comprehensive utilization of ES in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Se-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Heegu Jin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Eunjin Kim
- Naturalway Co., Ltd., Pocheon 11160, Korea
| | | | - Boo-Yong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam 13488, Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohibbullah M, Pringgo Wicaksono MY, Hannan MA, Dash R, Nur Meinita MD, Choi JS, Hong YK, Moon IS. The Edible Seaweed Gelidium amansii Promotes Structural Plasticity of Hippocampal Neurons and Improves Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-126264. [PMID: 36093815 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220909142158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelidium amansii has been gaining profound interest in East Asian countries due to its enormous commercial value for agar production and its extensive pharmacological properties. Previous studies have shown that the ethanol extract of Gelidium amansii (GAE) has promising neurotrophic effects in in vitro conditions. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed at investigating the protective effects of GAE against scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits and its modulatory effects on hippocampal plasticity in mice. METHODS For memory-related behavioral studies, the passive avoidance test and radial arm maze paradigm were conducted. The brain slices of the hippocampus CA1 neurons of experimental mice were then prepared to perform Golgi staining for analyzing spine density and its characteristic shape, and immunohistochemistry for assessing the expression of different pre- and postsynaptic proteins. RESULTS Following oral administration of GAE (0.5 mg/g body weight), mice with memory deficits exhibited a significant increase in the latency time on the passive avoidance test and a decrease in the number of working and reference memory errors and latency time on the radial arm maze test. Microscopic observations of Golgi-impregnated tissue sections and immunohistochemistry of hippocampal slices showed that neurons from GAE-treated mice displayed higher spine density and spine dynamics, increased synaptic contact, and the recruitment of memory-associated proteins such as N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NR2A and NR2B) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION With these memory-protective functions and a modulatory role in underlying memory-related events, GAE could be a potential functional food and a promising source of pharmacological agents for the prevention and treatment of memory-related brain disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, #605, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Namku, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | | | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, 38066, Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Korea
| | - Maria Dyah Nur Meinita
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Center for Maritime Biosciences Studies, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto 53123, Indonesia
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, Silla University, #605, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Namku, Busan 608-737, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 38066, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sekiguchi M, Shinoda S, Uno A, Masaki T, Sasaki T, Ishiyama H. Structure-activity relationship in advanced glycation end products formation inhibitory activity of phlorotannins. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:1207-1210. [PMID: 35776953 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The structure and inhibitory activity of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation were studied using six model compounds and seven phlorotannins isolated from brown alga Ecklonia stolonifera. As a result, it was inferred that AGEs formation inhibitory activity was stronger when electron-rich groups were present because of the addition of many oxygen atoms to the phlorotannins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Sekiguchi
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Seiya Shinoda
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Arisa Uno
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoya Masaki
- Faculty of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sasaki
- Chemistry/Food Department, Industrial Research Institute of Ishikawa, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Haruaki Ishiyama
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Review Marine Pharmacology in 2018: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Pharmacol Res 2022; 183:106391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
8
|
Biological Potential, Gastrointestinal Digestion, Absorption, and Bioavailability of Algae-Derived Compounds with Neuroprotective Activity: A Comprehensive Review. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060362. [PMID: 35736165 PMCID: PMC9227170 DOI: 10.3390/md20060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is no known cure for neurodegenerative disease. However, the available therapies aim to manage some of the symptoms of the disease. Human neurodegenerative diseases are a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by progressive loss of neuronal cells and nervous system dysfunction related to several mechanisms such as protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmission dysfunction. Neuroprotective compounds are essential in the prevention and management of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the neurodegeneration mechanisms and the compounds (proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polysaccharides, carotenoids, phycobiliproteins, phenolic compounds, among others) present in seaweeds that have shown in vivo and in vitro neuroprotective activity. Additionally, it will cover the recent findings on the neuroprotective effects of bioactive compounds from macroalgae, with a focus on their biological potential and possible mechanism of action, including microbiota modulation. Furthermore, gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and bioavailability will be discussed. Moreover, the clinical trials using seaweed-based drugs or extracts to treat neurodegenerative disorders will be presented, showing the real potential and limitations that a specific metabolite or extract may have as a new therapeutic agent considering the recent approval of a seaweed-based drug to treat Alzheimer’s disease.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yotsuya Y, Hasegawa Y. Nacre extract from pearl oyster attenuates amyloid beta-induced memory impairment. J Nat Med 2022; 76:419-434. [PMID: 35044595 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Shells are composed of two types of calcium carbonate polymorphs-the prismatic layer and the nacreous layer. Pearls, composed of the nacreous layer, have been used in Chinese medicine since ancient times. We have previously shown that extracts from the nacreous layer improves scopolamine-induced memory impairment. However, whether pearl ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-40 (Aβ1-40) has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether nacre extract improves memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ1-40. Administration of nacre extract led to recovery from Aβ1-40-induced impairments in object recognition, short-term memory, and spatial memory. Nacre extract reversed the increase in lipid peroxidation caused by Aβ1-40 in the cerebral cortex by increasing the expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase. In addition, nacre extract recovered the expression and phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), which decreased with Aβ1-40 treatment, and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y, which are regulated by CREB. Nacre extract also suppressed acetylcholine esterase activity and Aβ1-40-induced tau phosphorylation. Histochemical analysis of the hippocampus region showed that the nacre extract protected against Aβ1-40-induced neuronal loss in the hippocampus. These results suggest that nacre extract protects against Aβ1-40-induced neuronal cell death by suppressing oxidative stress and increasing the expression and phosphorylation of CREB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Yotsuya
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hasegawa
- College of Environmental Technology, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27-1 Mizumoto, Muroran, 050-8585, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang P, Zhang J, Zhan N, Yang S, Yu M, Liu H. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and excretion studies of fucosterol from Sargasssum fusiforme in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5309. [PMID: 34981527 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Fucosterol is the main phytosterol in brown algae with various pharmacological effects such as cholesterol-lowering, anti-cancer, hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, and so on. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics and excretion characteristics of fucosterol. In this study, a GC-MS method was developed and validated for the determination of fucosterol in rat plasma, urine, and feces. The method effectively avoids the interference of Δ5 -avenasterol, a cis-trans-isomer of fucosterol derived from feed, by using a TG-5 capillary column (non-polar column with 5 % phenyl-methylpolysilicone as stationary phase material). The linearity ranges of fucosterol 0.300-18.0 μg/mL (R2 = 0.9960) for plasma, 0.0500-2.50 μg/mL for urine (R2 = 0.9963), and 0.100-8.00 μg/mg (R2 = 0.9923) for feces sample. With good extraction recoveries and stability, this rapid and sensitive method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and excretion studies of fucosterol in Sprague-Dawley rat. Fucosterol from Sargassum fusiforme had poor absorption and slow elimination within the absolute oral bioavailability of 0.74 %, and was mainly eliminated through fecal excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengrui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sirajunnisa AR, Surendhiran D, Kozani PS, Kozani PS, Hamidi M, Cabrera-Barjas G, Delattre C. An overview on the role of microalgal metabolites and pigments in apoptosis induction against copious diseases. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
12
|
Sohn SI, Rathinapriya P, Balaji S, Jaya Balan D, Swetha TK, Durgadevi R, Alagulakshmi S, Singaraj P, Pandian S. Phytosterols in Seaweeds: An Overview on Biosynthesis to Biomedical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12691. [PMID: 34884496 PMCID: PMC8657749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweed extracts are considered effective therapeutic alternatives to synthetic anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agents, owing to their availability, low cost, greater efficacy, eco-friendliness, and non-toxic nature. Since the bioactive constituents of seaweed, in particular, phytosterols, possess plenty of medicinal benefits over other conventional pharmaceutical agents, they have been extensively evaluated for many years. Fortunately, recent advances in phytosterol-based research have begun to unravel the evidence concerning these important processes and to endow the field with the understanding and identification of the potential contributions of seaweed-steroidal molecules that can be used as chemotherapeutic drugs. Despite the myriad of research interests in phytosterols, there is an immense need to fill the void with an up-to-date literature survey elucidating their biosynthesis, pharmacological effects, and other biomedical applications. Hence, in the present review, we summarize studies dealing with several types of seaweed to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural determination of several phytosterol molecules, their properties, biosynthetic pathways, and mechanisms of action, along with their health benefits, which could significantly contribute to the development of novel drugs and functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-In Sohn
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Periyasamy Rathinapriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India; (P.R.); (D.J.B.); (T.K.S.); (R.D.); (S.A.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Vidhyaa Giri College of Arts and Science, Karaikudi 630 003, India
| | - Sekaran Balaji
- Independent Researcher, Madurai 625 020, India; (S.B.); (P.S.)
| | - Devasahayam Jaya Balan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India; (P.R.); (D.J.B.); (T.K.S.); (R.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Ravindran Durgadevi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India; (P.R.); (D.J.B.); (T.K.S.); (R.D.); (S.A.)
| | - Selvaraj Alagulakshmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630 003, India; (P.R.); (D.J.B.); (T.K.S.); (R.D.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Subramani Pandian
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fucosterol of Marine Macroalgae: Bioactivity, Safety and Toxicity on Organism. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100545. [PMID: 34677444 PMCID: PMC8539623 DOI: 10.3390/md19100545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol (24-ethylidene cholesterol) is a bioactive compound belonging to the sterol group that can be isolated from marine algae. Fucosterol of marine algae exhibits various biological activities including anti-osteoarthritic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-photoaging, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-neurological, antioxidant, algicidal, anti-obesity, and antimicrobial. Numerous studies on fucosterol, mainly focusing on the quantification and characterization of the chemical structure, bioactivities, and health benefits of fucosterol, have been published. However, there is no comprehensive review on safety and toxicity levels of fucosterol of marine algae. This review aims to discuss the bioactivities, safety, and toxicity of fucosterol comprehensively, which is important for the application and development of fucosterol as a bioactive compound in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. We used four online databases to search for literature on fucosterol published between 2002 and 2020. We identified, screened, selected, and analyzed the literature using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method and identified 43 studies for review. Despite the potential applications of fucosterol, we identified the need to fill certain related research gaps. Fucosterol exhibited low toxicity in animal cell lines, human cell lines, and animals. However, studies on the safety and toxicity of fucosterol at the clinical stage, which are required before fucosterol is developed for the industry, are lacking.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vecchio I, Sorrentino L, Paoletti A, Marra R, Arbitrio M. The State of The Art on Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2021; 13:11795735211029113. [PMID: 34285627 PMCID: PMC8267037 DOI: 10.1177/11795735211029113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic disabling disease that affects the central nervous system. The main consequences of AD include the decline of cognitive functions and language disorders. One of the causes leading to AD is the decrease of neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the brain, in part due to a higher activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the enzyme responsible for its degradation. Many acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), both natural and synthetic, have been developed and used through the years to counteract the progression of the disease. The first of such drugs approved for a therapeutic use was tacrine, that binds through a reversible bond to the enzyme. However, tacrine has since been withdrawn because of its adverse effects. Currently, donepezil and galantamine are very promising AChEIs with clinical benefits. Moreover, rivastigmine is considered a pseudo-irreversible compound with anti-AChE action, providing similar effects at the clinical level. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what has been published over the last decade on the effectiveness of AChEIs in AD, analysing the most relevant issues under the clinical and methodological profiles and the consequent possible welfare effects for the whole world. Furthermore, novel drugs and possible therapeutic approaches are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Vecchio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Annamaria Paoletti
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Marra
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation of the National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim YJ, Jeon SY, Choi JS, Kim NH, Goto Y, Lee YA. Alterations of amygdala-prefrontal cortical coupling and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder-like behaviors induced by neonatal habenula lesion: normalization by Ecklonia stolonifera extract and its active compound fucosterol. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:308-320. [PMID: 33491993 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of monoamine transmission in mesocorticolimbic regions have been suggested in the pathophysiology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The habenula is an important brain area in regulation of monoamine transmission. In this study, we investigated behavioral and electrophysiological alterations induced by neonatal habenula lesion (NHL) in rats. In NHL rats, age-dependent behavioral alterations relevant to the ADHD symptoms, such as hyperlocomotion, impulsivity, and attention deficit, were observed. Local field potentials (LFPs) in mesocorticolimbic regions of anesthetized rats were examined with in vivo electrophysiological recordings. Abnormally enhanced synchronization of slow (delta) and fast (gamma) LFP oscillations between the amygdala (AMY) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) was found in juvenile, but not in adult, NHL rats. We further examined the effects of an extract and the active compound from the perennial large brown algae Ecklonia stolonifera (ES), which have previously been demonstrated to modulate monoamine transmission, on these NHL-induced alterations. One week of ES extract treatments normalized the NHL-induced behavioral alterations, whereas the active compound fucosterol improved attention deficit and impulsivity, but not hyperlocomotion, in NHL rats. Consistent with the behavioral effects, ES extract treatments also normalized augmented AMY-PFC coupling. These results suggest that altered limbic-cortical information processing may be involved in ADHD-like behavioral alterations induced by NHL, which could be ameliorated by the natural substance, such as ES that affects monoamine transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Jin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk
| | - So-Yeon Jeon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk
| | - Jae-Sue Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk
| | - Yukiori Goto
- Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
| | - Young-A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Martens N, Schepers M, Zhan N, Leijten F, Voortman G, Tiane A, Rombaut B, Poisquet J, Sande NVD, Kerksiek A, Kuipers F, Jonker JW, Liu H, Lütjohann D, Vanmierlo T, Mulder MT. 24(S)-Saringosterol Prevents Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model for Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:190. [PMID: 33801706 PMCID: PMC8065937 DOI: 10.3390/md19040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that dietary supplementation with the seaweed Sargassum fusiforme, containing the preferential LXRβ-agonist 24(S)-saringosterol, prevented memory decline and reduced amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model without inducing hepatic steatosis. Here, we examined the effects of 24(S)-saringosterol as a food additive on cognition and neuropathology in AD mice. Six-month-old male APPswePS1ΔE9 mice and wildtype C57BL/6J littermates received 24(S)-saringosterol (0.5 mg/25 g body weight/day) (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 20; C57BL/6J n = 19) or vehicle (APPswePS1ΔE9 n = 17; C57BL/6J n = 19) for 10 weeks. Cognition was assessed using object recognition and object location tasks. Sterols were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Aβ and inflammatory markers by immunohistochemistry, and gene expression by quantitative real-time PCR. Hepatic lipids were quantified after Oil-Red-O staining. Administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice without affecting the Aβ plaque load. Moreover, 24(S)-saringosterol prevented the increase in the inflammatory marker Iba1 in the cortex of APPswePS1ΔE9 mice (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 24(S)-saringosterol did not affect the expression of lipid metabolism-related LXR-response genes in the hippocampus nor the hepatic neutral lipid content. Thus, administration of 24(S)-saringosterol prevented cognitive decline in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice independent of effects on Aβ load and without adverse effects on liver fat content. The anti-inflammatory effects of 24(S)-saringosterol may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Frank Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gardi Voortman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Rombaut
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janne Poisquet
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Nienke van de Sande
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Kerksiek
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Hasselt University, BE 3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neurosciences, Division Translational Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6200 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rahman MA, Dash R, Sohag AAM, Alam M, Rhim H, Ha H, Moon IS, Uddin MJ, Hannan MA. Prospects of Marine Sterols against Pathobiology of Alzheimer's Disease: Pharmacological Insights and Technological Advances. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030167. [PMID: 33804766 PMCID: PMC8003995 DOI: 10.3390/md19030167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disorder characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognition, mostly affecting the elderly. Numerous functional bioactives have been reported in marine organisms, and anti-Alzheimer's agents derived from marine resources have gained attention as a promising approach to treat AD pathogenesis. Marine sterols have been investigated for several health benefits, including anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-aging, and anti-Alzheimer's activities, owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Marine sterols interact with various proteins and enzymes participating via diverse cellular systems such as apoptosis, the antioxidant defense system, immune response, and cholesterol homeostasis. Here, we briefly overview the potential of marine sterols against the pathology of AD and provide an insight into their pharmacological mechanisms. We also highlight technological advances that may lead to the potential application of marine sterols in the prevention and therapy of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ataur Rahman
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (R.D.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea;
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (R.D.); (I.S.M.)
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.J.U.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Md. Abdul Hannan
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.J.U.); (M.A.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marine Natural Products: Promising Candidates in the Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis towards Neuroprotection. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030165. [PMID: 33808737 PMCID: PMC8003567 DOI: 10.3390/md19030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several neuroprotective agents have been provided in combating neuronal dysfunctions; however, no effective treatment has been found towards the complete eradication of neurodegenerative diseases. From the pathophysiological point of view, growing studies are indicating a bidirectional relationship between gut and brain termed gut-brain axis in the context of health/disease. Revealing the gut-brain axis has survived new hopes in the prevention, management, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, introducing novel alternative therapies in regulating the gut-brain axis seems to be an emerging concept to pave the road in fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Growing studies have developed marine-derived natural products as hopeful candidates in a simultaneous targeting of gut-brain dysregulated mediators towards neuroprotection. Of marine natural products, carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin, and astaxanthin), phytosterols (e.g., fucosterol), polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, chitosan, alginate, and laminarin), macrolactins (e.g., macrolactin A), diterpenes (e.g., lobocrasol, excavatolide B, and crassumol E) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., zonarol) have shown to be promising candidates in modulating gut-brain axis. The aforementioned marine natural products are potential regulators of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress mediators towards a bidirectional regulation of the gut-brain axis. The present study aims at describing the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiota in neurological diseases, as well as the modulatory role of marine natural products towards neuroprotection.
Collapse
|
19
|
Castro-Silva ES, Bello M, Rosales-Hernández MC, Correa-Basurto J, Hernández-Rodríguez M, Villalobos-Acosta D, Méndez-Méndez JV, Estrada-Pérez A, Murillo-Álvarez J, Muñoz-Ochoa M. Fucosterol from Sargassum horridum as an amyloid-beta (Aβ 1-42) aggregation inhibitor: in vitro and in silico studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 39:1271-1283. [PMID: 32159448 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1729863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The number of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases each year, and there are currently few treatment strategies to decrease the symptoms of AD; furthermore, these strategies are not sufficient to reduce memory loss in AD patients. In this work, in vitro and in silico studies were performed to evaluate the effects of fucosterol, which was extracted from an algal source and characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectra (LC-MS), as an inhibitor of Aβ1-42 aggregation. Experimental studies, including protein gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence studies with thioflavin T (ThT), highlighted that fucosterol can decrease oligomer formation more than galantamine, which was used as a positive control. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations coupled with an MMGBSA approach showed that fucosterol is capable of recognizing the hydrophobic regions of monomeric Aβ1-42, suggesting that fucosterol could affect amyloid-beta (Aβ1-42) aggregation by preventing the formation of oligomers, preventing the development of AD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sthephanie Castro-Silva
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| | - Martiniano Bello
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Correa-Basurto
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maricarmen Hernández-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Villalobos-Acosta
- Laboratorio de Biofísica y Biocatálisis, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Vicente Méndez-Méndez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Nanociencias y Micro y Nanotecnologías, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alan Estrada-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotecnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jesus Murillo-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| | - Mauricio Muñoz-Ochoa
- Laboratorio de Química de Macroalgas, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Av. Instituto Politécnico, La Paz, B.C.S. México
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Park SK, Kang JY, Kim JM, Kim HJ, Heo HJ. Ecklonia cava Attenuates PM 2.5-Induced Cognitive Decline through Mitochondrial Activation and Anti-Inflammatory Effect. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:131. [PMID: 33673531 PMCID: PMC7997322 DOI: 10.3390/md19030131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) on ambient-pollution-induced neurotoxicity, we used a mouse model exposed to particulate matter smaller than 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5). The intake of water extract from E. cava (WEE) effectively prevented the learning and memory decline. After a behavioral test, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4-initiated inflammatory response was confirmed by PM2.5 exposure in the lung and brain tissues, and the WEE was regulated through the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/inflammasome formation signaling pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IFN-γ). The WEE also effectively improved the PM2.5-induced oxidative damage of the lungs and brain through the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the activation of mitochondrial activity (mitochondrial ROS content, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, and mitochondria-mediated apoptotic molecules). In particular, the WEE regulated the cognition-related proteins (a decreased amyloid precursor protein (APP) and p-Tau, and an increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)) associated with PM2.5-induced cognitive dysfunction. Additionally, the WEE prevented the inactivation of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis and release as a neurotransmitter by regulating the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and ACh receptor (AChR)-α3 in the brain tissue. The bioactive compounds of the WEE were detected as the polysaccharide (average Mw; 160.13 kDa) and phenolic compounds including 2'-phloroeckol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (S.K.P.); (J.Y.K.); (J.M.K.); (H.-J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Corrigendum: Edible seaweed-derived constituents: an undisclosed source of neuroprotective compounds. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2564-2568. [PMID: 33907050 PMCID: PMC8374581 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.313070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|
22
|
Jun ES, Kim YJ, Kim HH, Park SY. Gold Nanoparticles Using Ecklonia stolonifera Protect Human Dermal Fibroblasts from UVA-Induced Senescence through Inhibiting MMP-1 and MMP-3. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E433. [PMID: 32825040 PMCID: PMC7551933 DOI: 10.3390/md18090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) synthesized in marine algae has been described in the context of skin, where they have shown potential benefit. Ecklonia stolonifera (ES) is a brown algae that belongs to the Laminariaceae family, and is widely used as a component of food and medicine due to its biological activities. However, the role of GNPs underlying cellular senescence in the protection of Ecklonia stolonifera gold nanoparticles (ES-GNPs) against UVA irradiation is less well known. Here, we investigate the antisenescence effect of ES-GNPs and the underlying mechanism in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity of ES extracts was analyzed. These analyses showed that ES extract has potent antioxidant properties. The facile and optimum synthesis of ES-GNPs was established using UV-vis spectra. The surface morphology and crystallinity of ES-GNPs were demonstrated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). ES-GNPs presented excellent photocatalytic activity, as shown by the photo-degradation of methylene blue and rhodamine B. A cellular senescence model was established by irradiating HDFs with UVA. UVA-irradiated HDFs exhibited increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-galactosidase). However, pretreatment with ES-GNPs resulted in reduced SA-β-galactosidase activity in UVA-irradiated HDFs. Intracellular ROS levels and G1 arrest in UVA-irradiated HDFs were checked against the background of ES-GNP treatment to investigate the antisenescence effects of ES-GNPs. The results showed that ES-GNPs significantly inhibit UVA-induced ROS levels and G1 arrest. Importantly, ES-GNPs significantly downregulated the transcription and translation of MMP (matrix metalloproteinases)-1/-3, which regulate cellular senescence in UVA-irradiated HDFs. These findings indicate that our optimal ES-GNPs exerted an antisenescence effect on UVA-irradiated HDFs by inhibiting MMP-1/-3 expression. Collectively, we posit that ES-GNPs may potentially be used to treat photoaging of the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sook Jun
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Yeong Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Hoi Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea;
| | - Sun Young Park
- Bio-IT Fusion Technology Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hannan MA, Dash R, Haque MN, Mohibbullah M, Sohag AAM, Rahman MA, Uddin MJ, Alam M, Moon IS. Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E347. [PMID: 32630301 PMCID: PMC7401253 DOI: 10.3390/md18070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their significant contribution to the dietary and industrial supplies, marine algae are considered to be a potential source of some unique metabolites with diverse health benefits. The pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol homeostasis, protein clearance and anti-amyloidogenic potentials of algal metabolites endorse their protective efficacy against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis which are known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and the associated complications after cerebral ischemia and brain injuries. As was evident in various preclinical studies, algal compounds conferred neuroprotection against a wide range of neurotoxic stressors, such as oxygen/glucose deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, amyloid β, or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and, therefore, hold therapeutic promise for brain disorders. While a significant number of algal compounds with promising neuroprotective capacity have been identified over the last decades, a few of them have had access to clinical trials. However, the recent approval of an algal oligosaccharide, sodium oligomannate, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease enlightened the future of marine algae-based drug discovery. In this review, we briefly outline the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries for identifying the targets of pharmacological intervention, and then review the literature on the neuroprotective potentials of algal compounds along with the underlying pharmacological mechanism, and present an appraisal on the recent therapeutic advances. We also propose a rational strategy to facilitate algal metabolites-based drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Md. Nazmul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hannan MA, Sohag AAM, Dash R, Haque MN, Mohibbullah M, Oktaviani DF, Hossain MT, Choi HJ, Moon IS. Phytosterols of marine algae: Insights into the potential health benefits and molecular pharmacology. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 69:153201. [PMID: 32276177 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine algae are rich in some unique biologically active secondary metabolites having diverse pharmacological benefits. Of these, sterols comprise a group of functional lipid compounds that have attracted much attention to natural product scientists. PURPOSE This review was aimed to update information on the health effects of algae-derived phytosterols and their molecular interactions in various aspects of human health and diseases and to address some future perspectives that may open up a new dimension of pharmacological potentials of algal sterols. METHODS A literature-based search was carried out to retrieve published research information on the potential health effects of algal phytosterols with their pharmacological mechanisms from accessible online databases, such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus, using the key search terms of 'marine algae sterol' and 'health potentials such as antioxidant or anti-inflammatory or anti-Alzheimer's or anti-obesity or cholesterol homeostasis or hepatoprotective, antiproliferative, etc.' RESULTS Phytosterols of marine algae, particularly fucosterol, have been investigated for a plethora of health benefits, including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-Alzheimer's, antiaging, anticancer, and hepatoprotection, among many others, which are attributed to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and cholesterol-lowering properties, indicating their potentiality as therapeutic leads. These sterols interact with enzymes and various other proteins that are actively participating in different cellular pathways, including antioxidant defense system, apoptosis and cell survival, metabolism, and homeostasis. CONCLUSION In this review, we briefly overview the chemistry, pharmacokinetics, and distribution of algal sterols, and provide critical insights into their potential health effects and the underlying pharmacological mechanisms, beyond the well-known cholesterol-lowering paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Nazmul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - Diyah Fatimah Oktaviani
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Tahmeed Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Schepers M, Martens N, Tiane A, Vanbrabant K, Liu HB, Lütjohann D, Mulder M, Vanmierlo T. Edible seaweed-derived constituents: an undisclosed source of neuroprotective compounds. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:790-795. [PMID: 31719238 PMCID: PMC6990778 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible marine algae, or seaweeds, are a rich source of several bioactive compounds including phytosterols, carotenoids, and polysaccharides. Over the last decades, seaweed-derived constituents turned out to not only reside in the systemic circulation, but are able to cross the blood-brain barrier to exert neuro-active functions both in homeostatic and pathological conditions. Therefore, seaweed-derived constituents have gained increasing interest for their neuro-immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties, rendering them interesting candidates for the management of several neurodegenerative disorders. In particular seaweed-derived phytosterols gained interest for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as they potentiate neuroplasticity, enhance phagocytic clearance of neurotoxic peptides and have anti-inflammatory properties. Though, the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties of other constituents including carotenoids, phenols and polysaccharides have recently gained more interest. In this review, we provide an overview of a selection of the described neuro-active properties of seaweed-derived constituents with a focus on phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Schepers
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Vanbrabant
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Hasselt, Belgium; Institue for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hong-Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institue for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Monique Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Hasselt, Belgium; Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, Division of Translational Neuroscience, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rosa GP, Tavares WR, Sousa PMC, Pagès AK, Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E8. [PMID: 31861879 PMCID: PMC7024274 DOI: 10.3390/md18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the first step in a long process, while in vivo studies and clinical trials are the most revealing stages of the true potential and limitations that a given metabolite may have as a new drug. This literature review aims to give a critical overview of the secondary metabolites that reveal the most interesting results in these two steps. Phlorotannins show great pharmaceutical potential in in vivo models and, among the several examples, the anti-dyslipidemia activity of dieckol must be highlighted because it was more effective than lovastatin in an in vivo model. The IRLIIVLMPILMA tridecapeptide that exhibits an in vivo level of activity similar to the hypotensive clinical drug captopril should still be stressed, as well as griffithsin which showed such stunning results over a variety of animal models and which will probably move onto clinical trials soon. Regarding clinical trials, studies with pure algal metabolites are scarce, limited to those carried out with kahalalide F and fucoxanthin. The majority of clinical trials currently aim to ascertain the effect of algae consumption, as extracts or fractions, on obesity and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo P. Rosa
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Wilson R. Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Pedro M. C. Sousa
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Aida K. Pagès
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of the Neuropharmacological Action of Fucosterol through Integrated System Pharmacology and In Silico Analysis. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110639. [PMID: 31766220 PMCID: PMC6891791 DOI: 10.3390/md17110639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucosterol is an algae-derived unique phytosterol having several medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterase, neuroprotective, and so on. Accumulated evidence suggests a therapeutic promise of fucosterol in neurodegeneration; however, the in-depth pharmacological mechanism of its neuroprotection is poorly understood. Here, we employed system pharmacology and in silico analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism of neuropharmacological action of fucosterol against neurodegenerative disorders (NDD). Network pharmacology revealed that fucosterol targets signaling molecules, receptors, enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, cytoskeletal, and various other proteins of cellular pathways, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), neurotrophin, and toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, which are intimately associated with neuronal survival, immune response, and inflammation. Moreover, the molecular simulation study further verified that fucosterol exhibited a significant binding affinity to some of the vital targets, including liver X-receptor-beta (LXR-β), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4), and β-secretase (BACE1), which are the crucial regulators of molecular and cellular processes associated with NDD. Together, the present system pharmacology and in silico findings demonstrate that fucosterol might play a significant role in modulating NDD-pathobiology, supporting its therapeutic application for the prevention and treatment of NDD.
Collapse
|
28
|
Macroalgae as a Valuable Source of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17110609. [PMID: 31731422 PMCID: PMC6891758 DOI: 10.3390/md17110609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that affects mostly aged individuals. Evidence suggests that pathological mechanisms involved in the development of AD are associated with cholinergic deficit, glutamate excitotoxicity, beta-amyloid aggregation, tau phosphorylation, neuro-inflammation, and oxidative damage to neurons. Currently there is no cure for AD; however, synthetic therapies have been developed to effectively manage some of the symptoms at the early stage of the disease. Natural products from plants and marine organisms have been identified as important sources of bioactive compounds with neuroprotective potentials and less adverse effects compared to synthetic agents. Seaweeds contain several kinds of secondary metabolites such as phlorotannins, carotenoids, sterols, fucoidans, and poly unsaturated fatty acids. However, their neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of action have not been fully explored. This review discusses recent investigations and/or updates on interactions of bioactive compounds from seaweeds with biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of AD using reports in electronic databases such as Web of science, Scopus, PubMed, Science direct, Scifinder, Taylor and Francis, Wiley, Springer, and Google scholar between 2015 and 2019. Phlorotannins, fucoidans, sterols, and carotenoids showed strong neuroprotective potentials in different experimental models. However, there are no data from human studies and/or clinical trials.
Collapse
|
29
|
Paudel P, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Characterizing fucoxanthin as a selective dopamine D 3/D 4 receptor agonist: Relevance to Parkinson's disease. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 310:108757. [PMID: 31323226 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin and fucosterol are archetypal lipid components of edible brown algae that provide several health benefits. Lately, their protective role in Aβ1-42-induced cognitive dysfunction in animal models has been reported (Alghazwi et al., 2019; Oh et al., 2018). However, their role in the aminergic system and as a prime treatment approach for multifactorial neurodegenerative diseases still requires exploration. The main aims of the present study are to characterize the role of fucoxanthin and fucosterol in the aminergic pathway via in vitro human monoamine oxidase (hMAO) inhibition and cell-based functional G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) assays and to underline their possible mechanisms of action via in silico molecular docking studies. Fucoxanthin displayed weak inhibition with IC50 values of 197.41 ± 2.20 and 211.12 ± 1.17 μM over two isoenzymes hMAO-A and hMAO-B, respectively. Fucosterol remained inactive up to 500 μM. In functional assay results, fucoxanthin showed a concentration-dependent agonist effect on dopamine D3 and D4 receptors. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of fucoxanthin for dopamine D3 and D4 receptors was 16.87 ± 3.41 and 81.87 ± 6.11 μM, respectively. For dopamine as a reference agonist, the EC50 values for these two receptors were 3.7 and 24 nM, respectively. Fucosterol showed no agonist activity on any of the tested receptors. Similarly, fucoxanthin showed a mild antagonist effect on dopamine D1 and tachykinin (NK1) receptor with inhibition of control agonist response by approximately 40% at 100 μM. Fucosterol displayed mild antagonist effects only on dopamine D1 and D4 receptors. In silico studies revealed potential mechanisms by which fucoxanthin binds to dopamine receptors to exert its agonist effects, including low binding energy and H-bond interactions with Ser196 and Thr115 at the D3 receptor and with Ser196 and Asp115 at the D4 receptor. Our results collectively suggest that fucoxanthin is a potential D3/D4 agonist for the management of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Olasehinde TA, Olaniran AO, Okoh AI. Aqueous-ethanol extracts of some South African seaweeds inhibit beta-amyloid aggregation, cholinesterases, and beta-secretase activities in vitro. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12870. [PMID: 31353743 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the anti-amyloidogenic, anticholinesterase, and antioxidant potentials of hydroethanolic extracts of Ecklonia maxima (ECK), Gelidium pristoides (GLD), Gracilaria gracilis (GCL), and Ulva lactuca (ULT). The effect of the extracts on β-amyloid (Aβ1-42 ) peptide were determined using electron microscope. The effects of the extracts on β-secretase and cholinesterase activities, as well as their radical scavenging and metal chelating activities were also assessed. Electron micrographs revealed that ECK, GLD, GCL, and ULT incubated with Aβ1-42 at different intervals (0-96 hr) showed very low levels of fibrils compared to the control. The extracts also inhibited β-secretase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase activities in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extracts scavenged hydroxyl radicals and were able to chelate Fe2+ in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that the seaweed extracts are potential sources of lead compounds and novel inhibitors of β-amyloid aggregation, β-secretase, and cholinesterases for the management of Alzheimer's diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Seaweeds have been identified as good sources of naturally occurring bioactive compounds with several medicinal properties. They are commonly used as functional foods and development of nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, and cosmeceuticals. However, the neuroprotective effects of many species of seaweeds have not been fully explored. The findings of this study suggests that Gracilaria gracilis, Ulva lactuca, Ecklonia maxima, and Gelidium pristoides are potential sources of cholinesterase, beta-secretase, and amyloid protein aggregation inhibitors. Hence, this support the use of these seaweeds as alternative sources of antioxidants and natural compounds with neuroprotective potentials for the management of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tosin A Olasehinde
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ademola O Olaniran
- Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dietary Sargassum fusiforme improves memory and reduces amyloid plaque load in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4908. [PMID: 30894635 PMCID: PMC6426980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41399-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) by synthetic agonists was found to improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. However, these LXR agonists induce hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis, hampering their use in the clinic. We hypothesized that phytosterols as LXR agonists enhance cognition in AD without affecting plasma and hepatic triglycerides. Phytosterols previously reported to activate LXRs were tested in a luciferase-based LXR reporter assay. Using this assay, we found that phytosterols commonly present in a Western type diet in physiological concentrations do not activate LXRs. However, a lipid extract of the 24(S)-Saringosterol-containing seaweed Sargassum fusiforme did potently activate LXRβ. Dietary supplementation of crude Sargassum fusiforme or a Sargassum fusiforme-derived lipid extract to AD mice significantly improved short-term memory and reduced hippocampal Aβ plaque load by 81%. Notably, none of the side effects typically induced by full synthetic LXR agonists were observed. In contrast, administration of the synthetic LXRα activator, AZ876, did not improve cognition and resulted in the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. Administration of Sargassum fusiforme-derived 24(S)-Saringosterol to cultured neurons reduced the secretion of Aβ42. Moreover, conditioned medium from 24(S)-Saringosterol-treated astrocytes added to microglia increased phagocytosis of Aβ. Our data show that Sargassum fusiforme improves cognition and alleviates AD pathology. This may be explained at least partly by 24(S)-Saringosterol-mediated LXRβ activation.
Collapse
|
32
|
Oh JH, Nam TJ. Hydrophilic Glycoproteins of an Edible Green Alga Capsosiphon fulvescens Prevent Aging-Induced Spatial Memory Impairment by Suppressing GSK-3β-Mediated ER Stress in Dorsal Hippocampus. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E168. [PMID: 30875947 PMCID: PMC6470841 DOI: 10.3390/md17030168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in various neurodegenerative disorders. We previously found that Capsosiphon fulvescens (C. fulvescens) crude proteins enhance spatial memory by increasing the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rat dorsal hippocampus. The present study investigated whether the chronic oral administration of hydrophilic C. fulvescens glycoproteins (Cf-hGP) reduces aging-induced cognitive dysfunction by regulating ER stress in the dorsal hippocampus. The oral administration of Cf-hGP (15 mg/kg/day) for four weeks attenuated the aging-induced increase in ER stress response protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) in the synaptosome of the dorsal hippocampus; this was attenuated by the function-blocking anti-BDNF antibody (1 μg/μL) and a matrix metallopeptidase 9 inhibitor 1 (5 μM). Aging-induced GRP78 expression was associated with glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) (Tyr216)-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation, which was downregulated upon Cf-hGP administration. The Cf-hGP-induced increase in GSK-3β (Ser9) phosphorylation was downregulated by inhibiting tyrosine receptor kinase B and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 with cyclotraxin-B (200 nM) and SL327 (10 μM), respectively. Cf-hGP administration or the inhibition of ER stress with salubrinal (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased aging-induced spatial memory impairment. These findings suggest that the activation of the synaptosomal BDNF-ERK1/2 signaling in the dorsal hippocampus by Cf-hGP attenuates age-dependent ER stress-induced cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwan Oh
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 46041, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|