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Yu Z, Wang Z, Liu L. Electrophysiological techniques in marine microalgae study: A new perspective for harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 134:102629. [PMID: 38705615 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrophysiological techniques, by measuring bioelectrical signals and ion channel activities in tissues and cells, are now widely utilized to study ion channel-related physiological functions and their underlying mechanisms. Electrophysiological techniques have been extensively employed in the investigation of animals, plants, and microorganisms; however, their application in marine algae lags behind that in other organisms. In this paper, we present an overview of current electrophysiological techniques applicable to algae while reviewing the historical usage of such techniques in this field. Furthermore, we explore the potential specific applications of electrophysiological technology in harmful algal bloom (HAB) research. The application prospects in the studies of stress tolerance, competitive advantage, nutrient absorption, toxin synthesis and secretion by HAB microalgae are discussed and anticipated herein with the aim of providing novel perspectives on HAB investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Zhongshi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brian Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Roussel A, Mériot V, Jauffrais T, Berteaux-Lecellier V, Lebouvier N. OMICS Approaches to Assess Dinoflagellate Responses to Chemical Stressors. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1234. [PMID: 37759633 PMCID: PMC10525455 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are important primary producers known to form Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). In water, nutrient availability, pH, salinity and anthropogenic contamination constitute chemical stressors for them. The emergence of OMICs approaches propelled our understanding of dinoflagellates' responses to stressors. However, in dinoflagellates, these approaches are still biased, as transcriptomic approaches are largely conducted compared to proteomic and metabolomic approaches. Furthermore, integrated OMICs approaches are just emerging. Here, we report recent contributions of the different OMICs approaches to the investigation of dinoflagellates' responses to chemical stressors and discuss the current challenges we need to face to push studies further despite the lack of genomic resources available for dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Roussel
- ISEA, EA7484, Campus de Nouville, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia; (A.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincent Mériot
- ISEA, EA7484, Campus de Nouville, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia; (A.R.); (V.M.)
- Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea 98897, New Caledonia;
| | - Thierry Jauffrais
- Ifremer, IRD, CNRS, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea 98897, New Caledonia;
| | - Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier
- CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. de la Nouvelle Calédonie, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, Noumea 98897, New Caledonia;
| | - Nicolas Lebouvier
- ISEA, EA7484, Campus de Nouville, Université de la Nouvelle Calédonie, Noumea 98851, New Caledonia; (A.R.); (V.M.)
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Saldivia P, Hernández M, Isla A, Fritz R, Varela D, González-Jartín JM, Figueroa J, Botana LM, Vargas C, Yañez AJ. Proteomic and toxicological analysis of the response of dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella to changes in NaNO 3 concentration. HARMFUL ALGAE 2023; 125:102428. [PMID: 37220981 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium cause Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) in coastal waters worldwide, damaging marine environments, aquaculture, and human health. They synthesize potent neurotoxic alkaloids known as PSTs (i.e., Paralytic Shellfish Toxins), the etiological agents of PSP (i.e., Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning). In recent decades, the eutrophication of coastal waters with inorganic nitrogen (e.g., nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia) has increased the frequency and scale of HABs. PSTs concentrations within Alexandrium cells can increase by up to 76% after a nitrogen enrichment event; however, the mechanisms that underlie their biosynthesis in dinoflagellates remains unclear. This study combines mass spectrometry, bioinformatics, and toxicology and investigates the expression profiles of PSTs in Alexandrium catenella grown in 0.4, 0.9 and 1.3 mM NaNO3. Pathway analysis of protein expression revealed that tRNA amino acylation, glycolysis, TCA cycle and pigment biosynthesis were upregulated in 0.4 mM and downregulated in 1.3 mM NaNO3 compared to those grown in 0.9 mM NaNO3. Conversely, ATP synthesis, photosynthesis and arginine biosynthesis were downregulated in 0.4 mM and upregulated in 1.3 mM NaNO3. Additionally, the expression of proteins involved in PST biosynthesis (sxtA, sxtG, sxtV, sxtW and sxtZ) and overall PST production like STX, NEO, C1, C2, GTX1-6 and dcGTX2 was higher at lower nitrate concentrations. Therefore, increased nitrogen concentrations increase protein synthesis, photosynthesis, and energy metabolism and decrease enzyme expression in PST biosynthesis and production. This research provides new clues about how the changes in the nitrate concentration can modulate different metabolic pathways and the expression of PST biosynthesis in toxigenic dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Saldivia
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, Concepción, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - Adolfo Isla
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Terapia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rocío Fritz
- Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Daniel Varela
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Jesús M González-Jartín
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Jaime Figueroa
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile; Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis M Botana
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Cristian Vargas
- Division of Biotechnology, MELISA Institute, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alejandro J Yañez
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile; Laboratorio de Diagnóstico y Terapia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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4
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Mary L, Quere J, Latimier M, Rovillon GA, Hégaret H, Réveillon D, Le Gac M. Genetic association of toxin production in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum. Microb Genom 2022; 8:mgen000879. [PMID: 36326655 PMCID: PMC9836089 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium are responsible for harmful algal blooms and produce paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs). Their very large and complex genomes make it challenging to identify the genes responsible for toxin synthesis. A family-based genomic association study was developed to determine the inheritance of toxin production in Alexandrium minutum and identify genomic regions linked to this production. We show that the ability to produce toxins is inheritable in a Mendelian way, while the heritability of the toxin profile is more complex. We developed the first dinoflagellate genetic linkage map. Using this map, several major results were obtained: 1. A genomic region related to the ability to produce toxins was identified. 2. This region does not contain any polymorphic sxt genes, known to be involved in toxin production in cyanobacteria. 3. The sxt genes, known to be present in a single cluster in cyanobacteria, are scattered on different linkage groups in A. minutum. 4. The expression of two sxt genes not assigned to any linkage group, sxtI and sxtG, may be regulated by the genomic region related to the ability to produce toxins. Our results provide new insights into the organization of toxicity-related genes in A. minutum, suggesting a dissociated genetic mechanism for the production of the different analogues and the ability to produce toxins. However, most of the newly identified genes remain unannotated. This study therefore proposes new candidate genes to be further explored to understand how dinoflagellates synthesize their toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Mary
- Ifremer, DYNECO PELAGOS, 29280 Plouzané, France
- Ifremer, PHYTOX, Laboratoire METALG, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | | | - Hélène Hégaret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 CNRS UBO IRD IFREMER - Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
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Wang Z, Yu Z, He L, Zhu J, Liu L, Song X. Establishment and preliminary study of electrophysiological techniques in a typical red tide species. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 840:156698. [PMID: 35710000 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiology studies the electrical properties of cells and tissues including bioelectrical signals and membrane ion channel activities. As an important means to reveal ion channel related physiological functions and the underlying mechanisms, electrophysiological techniques have been widely used in studies of animals, higher plants and algae that are closely related to higher plants. However, few electrophysiological studies have been carried out in red tide organisms, especially in dinoflagellates, which is mainly due to the complex surface structure of dinoflagellate amphiesma. In this study, the surface amphiesma of Alexandrium pacificum, a typical red tide species, was removed by centrifugation, low-temperature treatment and enzymatic treatment. In all three treatments, low-temperature treatment with 4 °C for 2 h had high ecdysis rate and high fixation rate, and the treated cells were easy to puncture, so low-temperature treatment was used as a preprocessing treatment for subsequent current recording. Acquired protoplasts of A. pacificum were identified by calcofluor fluorescence and immobilized by poly-lysine. A modified "puncture" single-electrode voltage-clamp recording was first applied to dinoflagellates, and voltage-gated currents, which had the characteristics of outward K+ current and inward Cl- current, were recorded and confirmed by ion replacement, indicating the voltage-gated currents were mixed. This method can be used as a technical basis for the electrophysiological study of dinoflagellates and provides a new perspective for the study of stress tolerance, red tide succession, and the regulation of physiological function of dinoflagellates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Liyan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianan Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brian Health and Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiuxian Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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6
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Jean N, Perié L, Dumont E, Bertheau L, Balliau T, Caruana AMN, Amzil Z, Laabir M, Masseret E. Metal stresses modify soluble proteomes and toxin profiles in two Mediterranean strains of the distributed dinoflagellate Alexandrium pacificum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151680. [PMID: 34793790 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
HABs involving Alexandrium pacificum have been reported in metal-contaminated ecosystems, suggesting that this distributed species adapts to and/or can tolerate the effects of metals. Modifications in soluble proteomes and PST contents were characterized in two Mediterranean A. pacificum strains exposed to mono- or polymetallic stresses (zinc, lead, copper, cadmium). These strains were isolated from two anthropized locations: Santa Giusta Lagoon (Italy, SG C10-3) and the Tarragona seaport (Spain, TAR C5-4F). In both strains, metals primarily downregulated key photosynthesis proteins. Metals also upregulated other proteins involved in photosynthesis (PCP in both strains), the oxidative stress response (HSP 60, proteasome and SOD in SG C10-3; HSP 70 in TAR C5-4F), energy metabolism (AdK in TAR C5-4F), neoglucogenesis/glycolysis (GAPDH and PEP synthase in SG C10-3) and protein modification (PP in TAR C5-4F). These proteins, possibly involved in adaptive proteomic responses, may explain the development of these A. pacificum strains in metal-contaminated ecosystems. The two strains showed different proteomic responses to metals, with SG C10-3 upregulating more proteins, particularly PCP. Among the PSTs, regardless of the metal and the strain studied, C2 and GTX4 predominated, followed by GTX5. Under the polymetallic cocktail, (i) total PSTs, C2 and GTX4 reached the highest levels in SG C10-3 only, and (ii) total PSTs, C2, GTX5 and neoSTX were higher in SG C10-3 than in TAR C5-4F, whereas in SG C10-3 under copper stress, total PSTs, GTX5, GTX1 and C1 were higher than in the controls, revealing variability in PST biosynthesis between the two strains. Total PSTs, C2, GTX4 and GTX1 showed significant positive correlations with PCP, indicating that PST production may be positively related to photosynthesis. Our results showed that the A. pacificum strains adapt their proteomic and physiological responses to metals, which may contribute to their ecological success in highly anthropized areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Jean
- Université de Toulon, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, MIO, Toulon, France.
| | - Luce Perié
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, 30(th) St., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Estelle Dumont
- UMR_MD1, Aix-Marseille Univ, U-1261-INSERM, SSA, IRBA, MCT, Marseille, France
| | - Lucie Bertheau
- UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, AgroSup Dijon, esplanade Erasme, 21 000 Dijon, France
| | - Thierry Balliau
- PAPPSO-GQE-Le Moulon, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91 190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Amandine M N Caruana
- IFREMER, Phycotoxin Laboratory, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44 311 Nantes, France
| | - Zouher Amzil
- IFREMER, Phycotoxin Laboratory, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44 311 Nantes, France
| | - Mohamed Laabir
- Marbec, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Estelle Masseret
- Marbec, Univ Montpellier, IRD, Ifremer, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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7
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Biochemical Mapping of Pyrodinium bahamense Unveils Molecular Underpinnings behind Organismal Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413332. [PMID: 34948131 PMCID: PMC8706660 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates from the harmful algal bloom (HAB)-causing organism Pyrodinium bahamense were characterized to obtain insights into the biochemical processes in this environmentally relevant dinoflagellate. Shotgun proteomics using label-free quantitation followed by proteome mapping using the P. bahamense transcriptome and translated protein databases of Marinovum algicola, Alexandrium sp., Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, and Symbiodinium kawagutii for annotation enabled the characterization of the proteins in P. bahamense. The highest number of annotated hits were obtained from M. algicola and highlighted the contribution of microorganisms associated with P. bahamense. Proteins involved in dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation such as propionyl CoA synthethase and acryloyl-CoA reductase were identified, suggesting the DMSP cleavage pathway as the preferred route in this dinoflagellate. Most of the annotated proteins were involved in amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate degradation and metabolism, indicating the active roles of these molecules in the vegetative stage of P. bahamense. This characterization provides baseline information on the cellular machinery and the molecular basis of the ecophysiology of P. bahamense.
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Wang D, Zhang S, Zhang H, Lin S. Omics study of harmful algal blooms in China: Current status, challenges, and future perspectives. HARMFUL ALGAE 2021; 107:102079. [PMID: 34456014 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, the frequency, scale, and scope of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased significantly in the coastal waters of China. HABs have become a major ecological and environmental problem in China that seriously threatens the structure and function of marine ecosystems, the sustainable development of mariculture, and the health of human beings. Much effort has been devoted to studying HABs in China, and great achievements have been made in understanding the oceanographic and ecological mechanisms of HABs as well as the biology and physiological ecology of HAB-causing species. Furthermore, state-of-the-art omics technologies, such as transcriptomics and proteomics, have been used to elucidate the physiological responses of HAB-causing species to environmental changes, the biosynthesis of paralytic shellfish toxin, and the mechanisms underlying the formation of HABs. This review summarizes omics studies of HABs in China over the past few years and discusses challenges and future perspectives of HAB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Shufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology & Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Senjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science/College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published between January and December in 2018 for marine natural products (MNPs), with 717 citations (706 for the period January to December 2018) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green, brown and red algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates, echinoderms, mangroves and other intertidal plants and microorganisms. The emphasis is on new compounds (1554 in 469 papers for 2018), together with the relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Reviews, biosynthetic studies, first syntheses, and syntheses that led to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included. The proportion of MNPs assigned absolute configuration over the last decade is also surveyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Carroll
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia. and Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Brent R Copp
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rohan A Davis
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Robert A Keyzers
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michèle R Prinsep
- Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
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10
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Cusick KD, Widder EA. Bioluminescence and toxicity as driving factors in harmful algal blooms: Ecological functions and genetic variability. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 98:101850. [PMID: 33129462 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates are an ecologically important group of marine microbial eukaryotes with a remarkable array of adaptive strategies. It is ironic that two of the traits for which dinoflagellates are best known, toxin production and bioluminescence, are rarely linked when considering the ecological significance of either. Although dinoflagellate species that form some of the most widespread and frequent harmful algal blooms (HABs) are bioluminescent, the molecular and eco-evolutionary associations between these two traits has received little attention. Here, the major themes of biochemistry and genetics, ecological functions, signaling mechanisms, and evolution are addressed, with parallels and connections drawn between the two. Of the 17 major classes of dinoflagellate toxins, only two are produced by bioluminescent species: saxitoxin (STX) and yessotoxin. Of these, STX has been extensively studied, including the identification of the STX biosynthetic genes. While numerous theories have been put forward as to the eco-evolutionary roles of both bioluminescence and toxicity, a general consensus is that both function as grazing deterrents. Thus, both bioluminescence and toxicity may aid in HAB initiation as they alleviate grazing pressure on the HAB species. A large gap in our understanding is the genetic variability among natural bloom populations, as both toxic and non-toxic strains have been isolated from the same geographic location. The same applies to bioluminescence, as there exist both bioluminescent and non-bioluminescent strains of the same species. Recent evidence demonstrating that blooms are not monoclonal events necessitates a greater level of understanding as to the genetic variability of these traits among sub-populations as well as the mechanisms by which cells acquire or lose the trait, as sequence analysis of STX+ and STX- species indicate the key gene required for toxicity is lost rather than gained. While the extent of genetic variability for both bioluminescence and toxicity among natural HAB sub-populations remains unknown, it is an area that needs to be explored in order to gain greater insights into the molecular mechanisms and environmental parameters driving HAB evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Cusick
- University of Maryland Baltimore County, Department of Biological Sciences, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States.
| | - Edith A Widder
- Ocean Research and Conservation Association, 1420 Seaway Dr, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, United States.
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Tse SPK, Lee FWF, Mak DYL, Kong HK, Chan KKY, Lo PY, Lo SCL. Production of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PSTs) in Toxic Alexandrium catenella is Intertwined with Photosynthesis and Energy Production. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080477. [PMID: 32727048 PMCID: PMC7472304 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism for the production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PST) in toxic dinoflagellates, with a 2D-gel based approach, we had made two sets of proteomic comparisons: (a) between a toxic Alexandrium catenella (AC-T) and a phylogenetically closely related non-toxic strain (AC-N), (b) between toxic AC-T grown in a medium with 10% normal amount of phosphate (AC-T-10%P) known to induce higher toxicity and AC-T grown in normal medium. We found that photosynthesis and energy production related proteins were up-regulated in AC-T when compared to AC-N. However, the same group of proteins was down-regulated in AC-T-10%P when compared to normal AC-T. Examining the relationship of photosynthesis and toxin content of AC-T upon continuous photoperiod experiment revealed that while growth and associated toxin content increased after 8 days of continuous light, toxin content maintained constant when cells were shifted from continuous light to continuous dark for 3 days. This emphasized the cruciality of light availability on toxin biosynthesis in AC-T, while another light-independent mechanism may be responsible for higher toxicity in AC-T-10%P compared to normal AC-T. Taken all together, it is believed that the interplay between “illumination”, “photosynthesis”, “phosphate availability”, and “toxin production” is much more complicated than what we had previously anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirius Pui-kam Tse
- The Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (S.P.-k.T.); (D.Y.-l.M.); (H.-k.K.); (K.K.-y.C.); (P.-y.L.)
| | - Fred Wang-fat Lee
- Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Daniel Yun-lam Mak
- The Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (S.P.-k.T.); (D.Y.-l.M.); (H.-k.K.); (K.K.-y.C.); (P.-y.L.)
| | - Hang-kin Kong
- The Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (S.P.-k.T.); (D.Y.-l.M.); (H.-k.K.); (K.K.-y.C.); (P.-y.L.)
| | - Kenrick Kai-yuen Chan
- The Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (S.P.-k.T.); (D.Y.-l.M.); (H.-k.K.); (K.K.-y.C.); (P.-y.L.)
| | - Pak-yeung Lo
- The Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (S.P.-k.T.); (D.Y.-l.M.); (H.-k.K.); (K.K.-y.C.); (P.-y.L.)
| | - Samuel Chun-lap Lo
- The Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; (S.P.-k.T.); (D.Y.-l.M.); (H.-k.K.); (K.K.-y.C.); (P.-y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhang S, Han B, Wu F, Huang H. Quantitative proteomic analysis provides insights into the algicidal mechanism of Halobacillus sp. P1 against the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 717:137048. [PMID: 32070889 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Algicidal behavior is a common interaction between marine microalgae and bacteria, especially in the dissipation phase of algal blooms. The marine bacterium Halobacillus sp. P1 was previously isolated and exhibits high algicidal activity against the diatom Skeletonema costatum. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying this algicidal process. Here, a tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic approach was coupled with physiological analysis to investigate the cellular responses of S. costatum when treated with P1 culture supernatant. Among the 4582 proteins identified, 82 and 437 proteins were differentially expressed after treatment for 12 and 24 h, respectively. The proteomic results were in accordance with the results of verification by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assays. Proteins involved in reactive oxygen species scavenging, protein degradation and transport were upregulated, while proteins participating in nitrogen metabolism, protein translation, photosynthetic pigment biosynthesis and cell cycle regulation were significantly downregulated (p-value ≤0.05), corresponding to the increasing malondialdehyde content and the decreasing nitrogen, protein and chlorophyll a contents. A nutrient competitive relationship might exist between the bacterium P1 and S. costatum, and the inhibition of nitrogen metabolism by the P1 culture supernatant might be the key lethal factor that results in the dysfunction of S. costatum metabolism. Our study sheds light on the algicidal mechanism of P1 at the molecular level and provides new insights into algae-bacteria interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Beibei Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Fengxia Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
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13
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Dong H, Zheng L, Duan X, Zhao W, Chen J, Liu S, Sui G. Cytotoxicity analysis of ambient fine particle in BEAS-2B cells on an air-liquid interface (ALI) microfluidics system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 677:108-119. [PMID: 31054440 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ambient fine particle is a crucial indicator of air pollution brought into the air by sundry natural and public events. However, a comprehensive understanding of the PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity especially the contribution of bioaerosol part is still undiscovered. Herein, an ALI microfluidics system integrated multi-omics (iTRAQ & RNA-seq) was successfully utilized to recognize the molecular mechanisms induced by microorganisms carried bioaerosol in human lung epithelial cells. The cells viability was above 98% within 21 days on this system. Moreover, the results showed that eight microorganisms-related pathways (e.g., Salmonella, amoebiasis, HTLV-1) were activated after exposure to PM2.5 for 24 h, which played a certain proportion in contributing to inflammation reaction. In addition, multi-omics demonstrated that three inflammation-related signal transduction cascades including MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and TGF signaling pathway were triggered by fine particles, ultimately leading to apoptosis-related process disorder by associated cytokines like TNF, IL6, and TGF-β. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell apoptosis rate increased from 3.8% to 66.7% between the cells exposed to PM2.5 (10 μg/cm2) for 24 h and untreated control cells, which indicated that the fine particles had the ability to activate apoptosis-related signal cascades and result in apoptosis. ELISA assay and western blot indicated that HO-1, JNK, IL6, TNF, NF-κB, and FGF14 were significantly increased after exposure to PM2.5 while Casp3 and FGFR were decreased, which were consistent with the multi-omics. Moreover, PM2.5 components (OC, EC, 16PAHs, As, Cu, Mn, Cl-, and NO3-) were significantly correlated to the inflammation related proteins and cytokines, which played a vital role in the inflammation and apoptosis related signaling pathways. These findings pointed to strong links among microorganisms infection, inflammation, and apoptosis in cell response to PM2.5 carried microorganisms. It also provided a new approach for understanding PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Dong
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Duan
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China.
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Zhang H, Liu J, He Y, Xie Z, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Lin L, Liu S, Wang D. Quantitative proteomics reveals the key molecular events occurring at different cell cycle phases of the in situ blooming dinoflagellate cells. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 676:62-71. [PMID: 31029901 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellate blooms are the results of rapid cell proliferation governed by cell cycle, a highly-ordered series of events that culminates in cell division. However, little is known about cell cycle progression of the in situ bloom cells. Here, we compared proteomes of the in situ blooming cells of a dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense collected at different cell cycle phases. The blooming P. donghaiense cells completed a cell cycle within 24 h with a high synchronization rate of 82.7%. Proteins associated with photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll synthesis, carbon, nitrogen and amino acid metabolisms exhibited high expressions at the G1 phase; DNA replication and mismatch repair related proteins were more abundant at the S phase; while protein synthesis and oxidative phosphorylation were highly enriched at the G2/M phase. Cell cycle proteins presented similar periodic diel patterns to other eukaryotic cells, and higher expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin dependent kinase 2 at the S phase ensured the smooth S-G2/M transition. Strikingly, four histones were first identified in P. donghaiense and highly expressed at the G2/M phase, indicating their potential roles in regulating cell cycle. This study presents the first quantitative survey, to our knowledge, of proteome changes at different cell cycle phases of the in situ blooming cells in natural environment and provides insights into cell cycle regulation of the blooming dinoflagellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Jiuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yanbin He
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone 11th building, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Zhangxian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Shufei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China; South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Lin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone 11th building, Yantian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518083, China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, 361005, China.
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15
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Verma A, Barua A, Ruvindy R, Savela H, Ajani PA, Murray SA. The Genetic Basis of Toxin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E222. [PMID: 31362398 PMCID: PMC6722697 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates can become highly abundant and even dominant at times, despite their comparatively slow growth rates. One factor that may play a role in their ecological success is the production of complex secondary metabolite compounds that can have anti-predator, allelopathic, or other toxic effects on marine organisms, and also cause seafood poisoning in humans. Our knowledge about the genes involved in toxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates is currently limited due to the complex genomic features of these organisms. Most recently, the sequencing of dinoflagellate transcriptomes has provided us with valuable insights into the biosynthesis of polyketide and alkaloid-based toxin molecules in dinoflagellate species. This review synthesizes the recent progress that has been made in understanding the evolution, biosynthetic pathways, and gene regulation in dinoflagellates with the aid of transcriptomic and other molecular genetic tools, and provides a pathway for future studies of dinoflagellates in this exciting omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Verma
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Abanti Barua
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Chittagong 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rendy Ruvindy
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Henna Savela
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Penelope A Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
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