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Quan W, Xu CS, Ma C, Chen X, Yu DH, Li ZY, Wang DW, Tang F, Wan GP, Wan J, Wang ZF, Li ZQ. Anti-tumor effects of telmisartan in glioma-astrocyte non-contact co-cultures: A critical role of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine growth promotion. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112707. [PMID: 39032472 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Telmisartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker, exhibits broad anti-tumor activity. However, in vitro, anti-proliferative effects are shown at doses far beyond the therapeutic plasma concentration. Considering the role of tumor microenvironment in glioma progression, glioma-astrocyte co-cultures were employed to test the anti-tumor potential of low-dose telmisartan. When a high dose was required for a direct anti-proliferative effect on glioma cell lines, a low dose significantly inhibited glioma cell proliferation and migration in the co-culture system. Under co-culture conditions, upregulated IL-6 expression in astrocytes played a critical role in glioma progression. Silencing IL-6 in astrocytes or IL-6R in glioma cells reduced proliferation and migration. Telmisartan (5 μM) inhibited astrocytic IL-6 expression, and its anti-tumor effects were reversed by silencing IL-6 or IL-6R and inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in glioma cells. Moreover, the telmisartan-driven IL-6 downregulation was not imitated by losartan, an AT1R blocker with little capacity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) activation, but was eliminated by a PPARγ antagonist, indicating that the anti-glioma effects of telmisartan rely on its PPARγ agonistic activity rather than AT1R blockade. This study highlights the importance of astrocytic IL-6-mediated paracrine signaling in glioma growth and the potential of telmisartan as an adjuvant therapy for patients with glioma, especially those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cheng-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dong-Hu Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Dan-Wen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Ping Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ze-Fen Wang
- Department of Physiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhi-Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Research and Clinical Techniques for Brain Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment, Hubei, China.
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Miyashita Y, Kanou T, Fukui E, Matsui T, Kimura T, Ose N, Funaki S, Shintani Y. A Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma/Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation Pathway is Involved in the Protective Effect of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Lung Injury. Transplant Proc 2024; 56:369-379. [PMID: 38320873 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are well-recognized for their remarkable ability to suppress ischemia-reperfusion lung injury (IRLI). The primary objective of this investigation was to elucidate the underlying mechanism through which ADSCs exert protective effects against IRLI. METHODS A warm hilar occlusion model in C57BL6J mice was used. Hilar occlusion was achieved for 1 hour (ischemic), and after 1 hour the occlusion was released (reperfusion) to recover for 3 hours. RNA sequencing, the physiological function, pathway activation, and expression of inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS Lung gas exchange and pulmonary edema were significantly improved in the IRLI/ADSCs group compared with the IRLI group. RNA sequencing results suggested that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was involved in the effect of the ADSCs. Administration of a PPARγ antagonist in the IRLI/ADSC group resulted in the deterioration of the physiological function. Furthermore, the PPARγ protein expression level decreased, the NF-κB protein expression level increased, and inflammatory cytokine parameters from lung tissue and blood sample worsened in the PPARγ antagonist-administered group. CONCLUSION Administration of ADSCs exerted a significant protective effect against IRLI in mice, and the effect is attributed to the activation of the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Miyashita
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanou
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Eriko Fukui
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoko Ose
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Funaki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Ho PY, Koh YC, Lu TJ, Liao PL, Pan MH. Purple Napiergrass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach) Hot Water Extracts Ameliorate High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Disorders in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20701-20712. [PMID: 38088361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Purple Pennisetum (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach), a hybrid between Taihucao No. 2 and the local wild species of purple Pennisetum, has dark red stems and leaves due to its anthocyanin content. This study explores the potential of purple napiergrass extracts (PNE) in alleviating obesity and metabolic disorders induced by a high-fat diet in mice, where 50% of the caloric content is derived from fat. Mice were orally administered low-dose or high-dose PNE alongside a high-fat diet. Experimental findings indicate that PNE attenuated weight gain, reduced liver, and adipose tissue weight, and lowered blood cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and blood sugar levels. Stained sections showed that PNE inhibited lipid accumulation and fat hypertrophy in the liver. Immunoblotting analysis suggested that PNE improved the inflammatory response associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia induced by a high-fat diet. Furthermore, PNE potentially functions as a PPAR-γ agonist, increasing the adiponectin (ADIPOQ) concentration and suppressing inflammatory factors, while elevating the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the liver. PNE-treated mice showed enhanced activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways and increased fatty acid oxidation and liver lipolysis. In conclusion, this study elucidated the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory, PI3K/Akt, and AMPK pathways in a high-fat diet-induced obesity model. These findings highlight the potential of PNE in reducing weight, inhibiting inflammation, and improving blood sugar and lipid levels, showing the potential for addressing obesity-related metabolic disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Yu Ho
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yen-Chun Koh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ting-Jang Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Lin Liao
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University-Yangming Campus, 155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei 11221 Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, 500, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC
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Liu YX, Liu XW, Yang YJ, Li SH, Bai LX, Ge WB, Xu X, Li C, Li JY, Qin Z. AEE alleviates ox-LDL-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115486. [PMID: 37708693 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic immune inflammatory disease. Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a novel safe and non-toxic compound with many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-thrombotic action. In order to investigate the effect of AEE on the inhibition of aortic lipid plaque formation and macrophage-derived foam cell formation induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), in vivo atherosclerosis model by feeding ApoE-/- mice with a high-fat diet and foam cells formation in vitro model by ox-LDL-induced RAW264.7 macrophages were established. It was found that AEE decreased the levels of TC and LDL-C in serum, and the plaque formation area and lipid accumulation in the aortic intima of ApoE-/- mice. In vitro studies showed that AEE could prevent the uptake of ox-LDL and reduce the contents of TC and FC in cells. AEE enhanced the cholesterol efflux by increasing the expression of ABCA1, ABCG1 and PPARγ, which effectively alleviated excess cholesterol accumulated in the cells. Meanwhile, AEE also reduced the secretion and expression of inflammatory factors in the cells. In addition, AEE could reverse the action of PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 and/or ox-LDL. Therefore, AEE may become an effective candidate drug for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xian Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xi-Wang Liu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ya-Jun Yang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Shi-Hong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Li-Xia Bai
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Wen-Bo Ge
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Cun Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jian-Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Zhe Qin
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Gu Y, Hsu ACY, Zuo X, Guo X, Zhou Z, Jiang S, Ouyang Z, Wang F. Chronic exposure to low-level lipopolysaccharide dampens influenza-mediated inflammatory response via A20 and PPAR network. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1119473. [PMID: 36726689 PMCID: PMC9886269 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1119473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection leads to severe inflammation, and while epithelial-driven inflammatory responses occur via activation of NF-κB, the factors that modulate inflammation, particularly the negative regulators are less well-defined. In this study we show that A20 is a crucial molecular switch that dampens IAV-induced inflammatory responses. Chronic exposure to low-dose LPS environment can restrict this excessive inflammation. The mechanisms that this environment provides to suppress inflammation remain elusive. Here, our evidences show that chronic exposure to low-dose LPS suppressed IAV infection or LPS stimulation-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Chronic low-dose LPS environment increases A20 expression, which in turn positively regulates PPAR-α and -γ, thus dampens the NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Knockout of A20 abolished the inhibitory effect on inflammation. Thus, A20 and its induced PPAR-α and -γ play a key role in suppressing excessive inflammatory responses in the chronic low-dose LPS environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Gu
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Signature Research Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke - National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore,School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia,Viruses, Infections/Immunity, Vaccines and Asthma, Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Zuo
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengjie Zhou
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shengyu Jiang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoer Ouyang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China,*Correspondence: Fang Wang,
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Consumption of oils and anthocyanins may positively modulate PPAR-γ expression in chronic non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. Nutr Res 2022; 105:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Dai L, Li B, Yang X, Wang Y, Pan H, Zhang J, Shang X. The Nutritional Properties, Chemical Compositions, and Functional Characteristics of the Aerial Parts of Adonis coerulea. Front Nutr 2022; 9:850714. [PMID: 35495930 PMCID: PMC9053748 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.850714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nutrition and active compounds from plants are very important to regulate the immunity of the body by improving the oxidant and inflammatory response. In this article, we aimed to investigate the nutritional profile and the phytochemical compositions of Adonis coerulea; the functional characteristics and its possible mechanism were studied. Results showed that the aerial parts of Adonis coerulea (ACAP) contained the abundant of proteins (16.15%) and the minerals (31.02.09 mg/100 g dried ACAP); promisingly, the content of essential amino acids (8.25%) and fatty acids (13,220.45 mg/100 g) also were obtained to regulate the immunity and prevent some chronic diseases. The methanol extract of ACAP played the anti-inflammatory activity via peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Among the 18 identified compounds, linolenic acid from fatty acids and licochalcone A were active compounds by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production of RAW264.7 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The alleviation of inflammatory response results in the decrease of oxidative stress; ACAP showed the antioxidant activity by attenuating antioxidant enzymes, improving mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species. These results highlight the potential of A. coerulea as a source of active ingredients in pharmaceutical industries.
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Yang M, Wang Y, Fan Z, Xue Q, Njateng GSS, Liu Y, Cao J, Khan A, Cheng G. Chemical constituents and anti-inflammatory activity of the total alkaloid extract from Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. and its inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153684. [PMID: 34400050 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melodinus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. is a medicinal plant, which is used as a folk medicine for treating meningitis and fractures. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of total alkaloid extract from M. cochinchinensis (MCTA) and its molecular mechanism are still not studied. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate the main chemical constituents of MCTA and explore its anti-inflammatory potential in both in vitro and in vivo assessments. METHODS UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS was applied to analyze the chemical profiling. The anti-inflammatory efficacy of MCTA was evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cells and two common inflammation models in mice. The production of pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokine was tested using the ELISA method. The pathological change was analyzed by histological assessment. The expression of NF-κB, MAPKs and PPAR-γ proteins was evaluated using western blot analysis. RESULTS A total of 21 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) were characterized by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS/MS. Aspidospermine- and quinolone-type alkaloids were found to be the major compounds. MCTA significantly decreased the production of NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. MCTA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK, suppressed the NF-κB transcriptional activation and improved the PPAR-γ expression. Moreover, the in vivo experiment exhibited that MCTA pretreatment markedly alleviated the xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice and decreased the IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expressions. CONCLUSION MCTA is rich in MIAs and exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the production proinflammatory cytokines. The mechanism might be related to the inhibition of activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilian Yang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhifeng Fan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qingwang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059 Shandong, China
| | - Guy Sedar Singor Njateng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Yaping Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jianxin Cao
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Escandon P, Vasini B, Whelchel AE, Nicholas SE, Matlock HG, Ma JX, Karamichos D. The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in healthy and diseased eyes. Exp Eye Res 2021; 208:108617. [PMID: 34010603 PMCID: PMC8594540 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear receptors that play essential roles in modulating cell differentiation, inflammation, and metabolism. Three subtypes of PPARs are known: PPAR-alpha (PPARα), PPAR-gamma (PPARγ), and PPAR-beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). PPARα activation reduces lipid levels and regulates energy homeostasis, activation of PPARγ results in regulation of adipogenesis, and PPARβ/δ activation increases fatty acid metabolism and lipolysis. PPARs are linked to various diseases, including but not limited to diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glaucoma and atherosclerosis. In the past decade, numerous studies have assessed the functional properties of PPARs in the eye and key PPAR mechanisms have been discovered, particularly regarding the retina and cornea. PPARγ and PPARα are well established in their functions in ocular homeostasis regarding neuroprotection, neovascularization, and inflammation, whereas PPARβ/δ isoform function remains understudied. Naturally, studies on PPAR agonists and antagonists, associated with ocular pathology, have also gained traction with the development of PPAR synthetic ligands. Studies on PPARs has significantly influenced novel therapeutics for diabetic eye disease, ocular neuropathy, dry eye, and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this review, therapeutic potentials and implications will be highlighted, as well as reported adverse effects. Further investigations are necessary before any of the PPARs ligands can be utilized, in the clinics, to treat eye diseases. Future research on the prominent role of PPARs will help unravel the complex mechanisms involved in order to prevent and treat ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Escandon
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Brenda Vasini
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Amy E Whelchel
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah E Nicholas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - H Greg Matlock
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 Stanton L Young, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Harold Hamm Oklahoma Diabetes Center, 1000 N Lincoln Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Dimitrios Karamichos
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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Ju Z, Su M, Hong J, Kim EL, Jung JH. Anti-inflammatory effects of an optimized PPAR-γ agonist via NF-κB pathway inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2020; 96:103611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Kytikova OY, Perelman JM, Novgorodtseva TP, Denisenko YK, Kolosov VP, Antonyuk MV, Gvozdenko TA. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in Asthma. PPAR Res 2020; 2020:8906968. [PMID: 32395125 PMCID: PMC7201810 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8906968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of chronic inflammation in asthma determines its heterogeneity and insufficient treatment effectiveness. Nuclear transcription factors, which include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, that is, PPARs, play an important role in the regulation of initiation and resolution of the inflammatory process. The ability of PPARs to modulate not only lipid homeostasis but also the activity of the inflammatory response makes them an important pathogenetic target in asthma therapy. At present, special attention is focused on natural (polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), endocannabinoids, and eicosanoids) and synthetic (fibrates, thiazolidinediones) PPAR ligands and the study of signaling mechanisms involved in the implementation of their anti-inflammatory effects in asthma. This review summarizes current views on the structure and function of PPARs, as well as their participation in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation in asthma. The potential use of PPAR ligands as therapeutic agents for treating asthma is under discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Yu. Kytikova
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Juliy M. Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Tatyana P. Novgorodtseva
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yulia K. Denisenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Russian Academy of Sciences, Blagoveshchensk, Russia
| | - Marina V. Antonyuk
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatyana A. Gvozdenko
- Vladivostok Branch of Far Eastern Scientific Centre of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Institute of Medical Climatology and Rehabilitative Treatment, Vladivostok, Russia
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