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Mayer AMS, Mayer VA, Swanson-Mungerson M, Pierce ML, Rodríguez AD, Nakamura F, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Marine Pharmacology in 2019-2021: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis and Antiviral Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:309. [PMID: 39057418 PMCID: PMC11278370 DOI: 10.3390/md22070309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The current 2019-2021 marine pharmacology literature review provides a continuation of previous reviews covering the period 1998 to 2018. Preclinical marine pharmacology research during 2019-2021 was published by researchers in 42 countries and contributed novel mechanism-of-action pharmacology for 171 structurally characterized marine compounds. The peer-reviewed marine natural product pharmacology literature reported antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral mechanism-of-action studies for 49 compounds, 87 compounds with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities that also affected the immune and nervous system, while another group of 51 compounds demonstrated novel miscellaneous mechanisms of action, which upon further investigation, may contribute to several pharmacological classes. Thus, in 2019-2021, a very active preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline provided novel mechanisms of action as well as new lead chemistry for the clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline targeting the therapy of several disease categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M. S. Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Veronica A. Mayer
- Department of Nursing Education, School of Nursing, Aurora University, 347 S. Gladstone Ave., Aurora, IL 60506, USA;
| | - Michelle Swanson-Mungerson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Marsha L. Pierce
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 555 31st Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA;
| | - Abimael D. Rodríguez
- Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, 1390 Ponce de León Avenue, San Juan, PR 00926, USA;
| | - Fumiaki Nakamura
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku 169-8555, Tokyo, Japan;
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Hirano S, Inufusa H, You F. The Effect of Oxidative Stress on the Human Voice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2604. [PMID: 38473848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The vocal fold vibrates in high frequency to create voice sound. The vocal fold has a sophisticated histological "layered structure" that enables such vibration. As the vibration causes fricative damage to the mucosa, excessive voicing can cause inflammation or injury to the mucosa. Chronic inflammation or repeated injury to the vocal fold occasionally induces scar formation in the mucosa, which can result in severe dysphonia, which is difficult to treat. Oxidative stress has been proven to be an important factor in aggravating the injury, which can lead to scarring. It is important to avoid excessive oxidative stress during the wound healing period. Excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been found in the injured vocal folds of rats during the early phase of wound healing. Antioxidants proved to be useful in preventing the accumulation of ROS during the period with less scar formation in the long-term results. Oxidative stress is also revealed to contribute to aging of the vocal fold, in which the mucosa becomes thin and stiff with a reduction in vibratory capacity. The aged voice can be characterized as weak and breathy. It has been confirmed that ROS gradually increases in rat vocal fold mucosa with age, which may cause further damage to the vocal fold. Antioxidants have also proved effective in avoiding aging of the vocal fold in rat models. Recently, human trials have shown significant effects of the antioxidant Twendee X for maintaining the voice of professional opera singers. In conclusion, it is suggested that oxidative stress has a great impact on the damage or deterioration of the vocal folds, and the use of antioxidants is effective for preventing damage of the vocal fold and maintaining the voice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Hirano
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Inufusa
- Division of Antioxidant Research, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Fukka You
- Division of Antioxidant Research, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
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Harrison DE, Strong R, Reifsnyder P, Rosenthal N, Korstanje R, Fernandez E, Flurkey K, Ginsburg BC, Murrell MD, Javors MA, Lopez-Cruzan M, Nelson JF, Willcox BJ, Allsopp R, Watumull DM, Watumull DG, Cortopassi G, Kirkland JL, Tchkonia T, Choi YG, Yousefzadeh MJ, Robbins PD, Mitchell JR, Acar M, Sarnoski EA, Bene MR, Salmon A, Kumar N, Miller RA. Astaxanthin and meclizine extend lifespan in UM-HET3 male mice; fisetin, SG1002 (hydrogen sulfide donor), dimethyl fumarate, mycophenolic acid, and 4-phenylbutyrate do not significantly affect lifespan in either sex at the doses and schedules used. GeroScience 2024; 46:795-816. [PMID: 38041783 PMCID: PMC10828146 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In genetically heterogeneous (UM-HET3) mice produced by the CByB6F1 × C3D2F1 cross, the Nrf2 activator astaxanthin (Asta) extended the median male lifespan by 12% (p = 0.003, log-rank test), while meclizine (Mec), an mTORC1 inhibitor, extended the male lifespan by 8% (p = 0.03). Asta was fed at 1840 ± 520 (9) ppm and Mec at 544 ± 48 (9) ppm, stated as mean ± SE (n) of independent diet preparations. Both were started at 12 months of age. The 90th percentile lifespan for both treatments was extended in absolute value by 6% in males, but neither was significant by the Wang-Allison test. Five other new agents were also tested as follows: fisetin, SG1002 (hydrogen sulfide donor), dimethyl fumarate, mycophenolic acid, and 4-phenylbutyrate. None of these increased lifespan significantly at the dose and method of administration tested in either sex. Amounts of dimethyl fumarate in the diet averaged 35% of the target dose, which may explain the absence of lifespan effects. Body weight was not significantly affected in males by any of the test agents. Late life weights were lower in females fed Asta and Mec, but lifespan was not significantly affected in these females. The male-specific lifespan benefits from Asta and Mec may provide insights into sex-specific aspects of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Harrison
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA.
| | - Randy Strong
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Education, and Clinical Center, Geriatric Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Peter Reifsnyder
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Ron Korstanje
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fernandez
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Education, and Clinical Center, Geriatric Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Kevin Flurkey
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Brett C Ginsburg
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Meredith D Murrell
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Martin A Javors
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marisa Lopez-Cruzan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - James F Nelson
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Richard Allsopp
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'I at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | - Gino Cortopassi
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Murat Acar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Koç University, 34450, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ethan A Sarnoski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael R Bene
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Adam Salmon
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Education, and Clinical Center, Geriatric Research, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Navasuja Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Wang X, Song Y, Cong P, Wang Z, Liu Y, Xu J, Xue C. Docosahexaenoic Acid-Acylated Astaxanthin Monoester Ameliorates Amyloid-β Pathology and Neuronal Damage by Restoring Autophagy in Alzheimer's Disease Models. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300414. [PMID: 37991232 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Astaxanthin (AST) is ubiquitous in aquatic foods and microorganisms. The study previously finds that docosahexaenoic acid-acylated AST monoester (AST-DHA) improves cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Moreover, autophagy is reportedly involved in amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance and AD pathogenesis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the preventive effect of AST-DHA and elucidates the mechanism of autophagy modulation in Aβ pathology. METHODS AND RESULTS In the cellular AD model, AST-DHA significantly reduces toxic Aβ1-42 levels and alleviated the accumulation of autophagic markers (LC3II/I and p62) in Aβ25-35 -induced SH-SY5Y cells. Notably, AST-DHA restores the autophagic flux in SH-SY5YmRFP-GFP-LC3 cells. In APP/PS1 mice, a 3-month dietary supplementation of AST-DHA exceeded free-astaxanthin (F-AST) capacity to increase hippocampal and cortical autophagy. Mechanistically, AST-DHA restores autophagy by activating the ULK1 signaling pathway and restoring autophagy-lysosome fusion. Moreover, AST-DHA relieves ROS production and mitochondrial stress affecting autophagy in AD. As a favorable outcome of restored autophagy, AST-DHA mitigates cerebral Aβ and p-Tau deposition, ultimately improving neuronal function. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that AST-DHA can rectify autophagic impairment in AD, and confer neuroprotection in Aβ-related pathology, which supports the future application of AST as an autophagic inducer for maintaining brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266003, China
| | - Yu Song
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Yanjun Liu
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, China
| | - Jie Xu
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- A State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
- Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266235, China
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Zhou M, Yin Y, Zhao J, Zhou M, Bai Y, Zhang P. Applications of microalga-powered microrobots in targeted drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7512-7530. [PMID: 37877241 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01095c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, researchers have proposed a new class of drug delivery systems, bio-hybrid micro-robots, designed with a variety of living cell-driven micro-robots that utilize the unique mobility of natural organisms (bacteria, cells, exosomes, etc.) to transport effective drugs. Microalgae are considered potential drug delivery carriers. Recent studies have shown that microalga-based drug delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility. In addition, microalgae have a large surfactant area, phototaxis, oxygen production, and other characteristics, so they are used as a carrier for the treatment of bacterial infections, cancer, etc. This review summarizes the modification of microalgae including click chemistry and electrostatic adsorption, and can improve the drug loading efficiency through dehydration and hydration strategies. The prepared microalgal drug delivery system can be targeted to different organs by different dosing methods or using external forces. Finally, it summarizes its antibacterial (gastritis, periodontitis, skin wound inflammation, etc.) and antitumor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Yannan Yin
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Jiuhong Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Mingyang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Yanjie Bai
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Shastak Y, Pelletier W. Captivating Colors, Crucial Roles: Astaxanthin's Antioxidant Impact on Fish Oxidative Stress and Reproductive Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3357. [PMID: 37958112 PMCID: PMC10648254 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, constantly exposed to environmental stressors due to their aquatic habitat and high metabolic rates, are susceptible to oxidative stress. This review examines the interplay between oxidative stress and fish reproduction, emphasizing the potent antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. Our primary objective is to highlight astaxanthin's role in mitigating oxidative stress during critical reproductive stages, leading to improved gamete quality, ovary development, and hormone levels. We also explore its practical applications in aquaculture, including enhanced pigmentation and overall fish health. We conducted a comprehensive literature review, analyzing studies on astaxanthin's antioxidant properties and its impact on fish reproduction. Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, effectively combats reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and maintaining membrane integrity. It significantly enhances reproductive success in fish and improves overall fish health in aquaculture settings. This review reveals astaxanthin's multifaceted benefits in fish health and reproduction, offering economic advantages in aquaculture. Future research should delve into species-specific responses, optimal dosages, and the long-term effects of astaxanthin supplementation to inform sustainable aquaculture strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yauheni Shastak
- Nutrition & Health Division, BASF SE, 67063 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
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Taghiyar S, Pourrajab F, Aarabi MH. Astaxanthin improves fatty acid dysregulation in diabetes by controlling the AMPK-SIRT1 pathway. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:502-515. [PMID: 37534224 PMCID: PMC10391612 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rising prevalence of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), new prevention and treatment strategies are needed. The aim was to examine the effect of astaxanthin (AST) on the major regulatory metabolism pathway SIRT-MAPK and fatty acid (FA) profile of plasma in patients with T2DM. This clinical trial included 68 T2DM patients randomly assigned to receive 10 mg/day of oral AST (n = 34) or placebo (n = 33) for 12 weeks. The expression level of SIRT1, AMPK activity, and the level of fatty acids in the serum were examined. The results showed that AST could modify the serum levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly that of Arachidonic acid, from 11.31±0.35 to 8.52±0.72 %. Also, AST increased the expression and activity levels of SIRT1 and AMPK, respectively. Pearson analysis also revealed a significant association between AMPK activity and Linoleic acid serum (LA) levels (~ -0.604, p~0.013). AST can modify the FA profile of plasma by inducing metabolizing cells to uptake them. Also, it can activate the SIRT-AMPK pathway related to metabolism regulation. See also Figure 1(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Taghiyar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pourrajab
- Reproductive Immunology Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, I.R. Iran
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Fu M, Liang X, Zhang X, Yang M, Ye Q, Qi Y, Liu H, Zhang X. Astaxanthin delays brain aging in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10: inducing autophagy as a potential mechanism. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:445-455. [PMID: 35385370 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2055376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain aging is a complex biological process often associated with a decline in cognitive functions and motility. Astaxanthin (AST) is a strong antioxidant capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. The effect of AST on brain aging and its physiological and molecular mechanism are still unclear. The study aimed to investigate whether AST from AstaReal A1010 improved brain aging by inducing autophagy in SAMP10 mice. Different concentrations of AstaReal A1010 were intragastrically administered to 6-month-old SAMP10 mice for 3 months. The results demonstrated that AST delayed age-related cognitive decline, motor ability and neurodegeneration, upregulated the expression levels of autophagy-related genes beclin-1 and LC3 in the brain. It may induce autophagy by regulating IGF-1/Akt/mTOR and IGF-1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling. Treatment with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3MA) partly reversed the anti-aging effect of AST. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AST may induce autophagy by regulating IGF-1/Akt/mTOR and IGF-1/Akt/FoxO3a signaling, thereby delaying age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in SAMP10 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Yang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Ye
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Qi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Wang X, Cong P, Wang X, Wang Z, Liu B, Xue C, Xu J. Docosahexaenoic acid-acylated astaxanthin monoester ameliorates chronic high-fat diet-induced autophagy dysfunction via ULK1 pathway in the hypothalamus of mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2378-2388. [PMID: 36606564 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary astaxanthin (AST) exhibits the ability to resist lipid accumulation and stimulate hepatic autophagy. Natural AST predominantly exists in stable esterified forms. More importantly, in our previous study, docosahexaenoic acid-acylated AST monoester (AST-DHA) possessed better stability, bioavailability, and neuroprotective ability than AST in free and diester form. However, the AST-DHA mechanisms of action in regulating the obese phenotype and autophagy of the central nervous system remain unclear. RESULTS High-fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6J mice were orally administered AST-DHA (50 mg/kg body weight/d) for 3 days or 8 weeks. AST-DHA supplementation alleviated HFD-induced abnormal body weight gain, significantly enhanced autophagy with an increased microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 II/I (LC3II/I) ratio, and reduced the accumulation of p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) in the hypothalamus rather than in the hippocampus. Mechanistically, AST-DHA effectively promoted autophagy and autophagosome formation, and most notably rescued the HFD-impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion (indicated by the colocalization of LC3 and LAMP1) by regulating mTOR- and AMPK-induced phosphorylation of ULK1. Consequently, AST-DHA enhanced hypothalamic autophagy, leading to pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) cleavage to produce alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). CONCLUSIONS This study identified AST-DHA as an enhancer of autophagy that plays a beneficial role in restoring hypothalamic autophagy, and as a new potential therapeutic agent against HFD-induced obesity. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhigao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Zhang L, Liu W, Wu N, Wang H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Wang X. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus induces incomplete autophagy for persistence in gut epithelial cells of its vector insect. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011134. [PMID: 36706154 PMCID: PMC9907856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays an important role in virus infection of the host, because viral components and particles can be degraded by the host's autophagy and some viruses may be able to hijack and subvert autophagy for its benefit. However, details on the mechanisms that govern autophagy for immunity against viral infections or benefit viral survival remain largely unknown. Plant reoviruses such as southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), which seriously threaten crop yield, are only transmitted by vector insects. Here, we report a novel mechanism by which SRBSDV induces incomplete autophagy by blocking autophagosome-lysosome fusion, resulting in viral accumulation in gut epithelial cells of its vector, white-backed planthopper (Sogatella furcifera). SRBSDV infection leads to stimulation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which further activates autophagy. Mature and assembling virions were found close to the edge7 of the outer membrane of autophagosomes. Inhibition autophagy leads to the decrease of autophagosomes, which resulting in impaired maturation of virions and the decrease of virus titer, whereas activation of autophagy facilitated virus titer. Further, SRBSDV inhibited fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes by interacting with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) using viral P10. Thus, SRBSDV not only avoids being degrading by lysosomes, but also further hijacks these non-fusing autophagosomes for its subsistence. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of reovirus persistence, which can explain why SRBSDV can be acquired and transmitted rapidly by its insect vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Maize DNA Fingerprinting and Molecular Breeding, Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (XW)
| | - Nan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (WL); (XW)
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12
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Martelli A, Omrani M, Zarghooni M, Citi V, Brogi S, Calderone V, Sureda A, Lorzadeh S, da Silva Rosa SC, Grabarek BO, Staszkiewicz R, Los MJ, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Mehrbod P, Klionsky DJ, Ghavami S. New Visions on Natural Products and Cancer Therapy: Autophagy and Related Regulatory Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5839. [PMID: 36497321 PMCID: PMC9738256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) has been a highly conserved process throughout evolution and allows cells to degrade aggregated/misfolded proteins, dysfunctional or superfluous organelles and damaged macromolecules, in order to recycle them for biosynthetic and/or energetic purposes to preserve cellular homeostasis and health. Changes in autophagy are indeed correlated with several pathological disorders such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, infections, cancer and inflammatory diseases. Conversely, autophagy controls both apoptosis and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cells. Therefore, any changes in the autophagy pathway will affect both the UPR and apoptosis. Recent evidence has shown that several natural products can modulate (induce or inhibit) the autophagy pathway. Natural products may target different regulatory components of the autophagy pathway, including specific kinases or phosphatases. In this review, we evaluated ~100 natural compounds and plant species and their impact on different types of cancers via the autophagy pathway. We also discuss the impact of these compounds on the UPR and apoptosis via the autophagy pathway. A multitude of preclinical findings have shown the function of botanicals in regulating cell autophagy and its potential impact on cancer therapy; however, the number of related clinical trials to date remains low. In this regard, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are warranted to better clarify the utility of natural compounds and their modulatory effects on autophagy, as fine-tuning of autophagy could be translated into therapeutic applications for several cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Martelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marzieh Omrani
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumna, Toronto, ON M5S 3J3, Canada
| | - Valentina Citi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Brogi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Calderone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition, Oxidative Stress and Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Simone C. da Silva Rosa
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Beniamin Oscar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- GynCentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, 40-851 Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Staszkiewicz
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academy of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5th Military Clinical Hospital with the SP ZOZ Polyclinic in Krakow, 30-901 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek J. Los
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Nutringredientes Research Center, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology (IFCE), Baturite 62760-000, Brazil
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Advanced Medical Pharma (AMP-Biotec), Biopharmaceutical Innovation Centre, Via Cortenocera, 82030 San Salvatore Telesino, Italy
| | - Parvaneh Mehrbod
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
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13
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Bhattarai G, So HS, Kim TG, Kieu TTT, Kim YW, Yang KR, Lee JC, Kook SH, Jeon YM. Astaxanthin Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Damage to Bone Marrow and to Bone Marrow-Retained Stem Cells and Restores Normal Hematopoiesis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122321. [PMID: 36552528 PMCID: PMC9774236 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia has various adverse health effects, some of which are due to chronic oxidative and inflammatory impairment of bone marrow (BM), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Astaxanthin (ASTX) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia-associated systemic complications and acute mortality, and this effect is partially associated with restoration of normal hematopoiesis. Here, the effects of ASTX on diabetes-induced complications in BM and BM stem cells were investigated, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were elucidated. Ten-week-old C57BL/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 150 mg/kg) in combination with oral gavage of ASTX (12.5 mg/kg) for 30 or 60 consecutive days. Supplemental ASTX ameliorated acute mortality and restored the STZ-impaired bone mass accrual and BM microenvironment in STZ-injected mice. Oral gavage of ASTX suppressed osteoclast formation in the BM of STZ-injected mice. Specifically, supplementation with ASTX inhibited oxidative stress and senescence induction of BM HSCs and MSCs and ameliorated hematopoietic disorders in STZ-injected mice. These effects of ASTX were associated with BM restoration of angiopoietin 1, stromal cell-derived factor 1, β-catenin, and Nrf2. Long-term ASTX gavage also recovered the STZ-induced dysfunction in migration, colony formation, and mineralization of BM-derived stromal cells. Further, a direct addition of ASTX exhibited direct and dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclastic activation without cytotoxic effects. Collectively, these results indicate that ASTX protects against diabetes-induced damage in the BM microenvironment in BM, HSCs, and MSCs and restores normal hematopoiesis and bone accrual in STZ-injected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Department of Bio-Convergence Science, Jeongup Campus of Jeonbuk National University, Jeongup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi Thu Trang Kieu
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Woo Kim
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ku-Ri Yang
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.K.); (Y.-M.J.); Tel.: +82-63-270-4049 (J.-C.L.); +82-63-270-3327 (S.-H.K.); +82-63-250-2130 (Y.-M.J.); Fax: +82-63-270-4004 (J.-C.L.); +82-63-270-4312 (S.-H.K.); +82-63-250-2139 (Y.-M.J.)
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.K.); (Y.-M.J.); Tel.: +82-63-270-4049 (J.-C.L.); +82-63-270-3327 (S.-H.K.); +82-63-250-2130 (Y.-M.J.); Fax: +82-63-270-4004 (J.-C.L.); +82-63-270-4312 (S.-H.K.); +82-63-250-2139 (Y.-M.J.)
| | - Young-Mi Jeon
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-C.L.); (S.-H.K.); (Y.-M.J.); Tel.: +82-63-270-4049 (J.-C.L.); +82-63-270-3327 (S.-H.K.); +82-63-250-2130 (Y.-M.J.); Fax: +82-63-270-4004 (J.-C.L.); +82-63-270-4312 (S.-H.K.); +82-63-250-2139 (Y.-M.J.)
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14
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Liu D, Ji Y, Cheng Q, Zhu Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Cao X, Wang H. Dietary astaxanthin-rich extract ameliorates atherosclerosis/retinopathy and restructures gut microbiome in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice fed on a high-fat diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:10461-10475. [PMID: 36134474 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02102a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scope: Atherosclerosis (AS) is the leading cause of ischemic disease. However, the anti-AS effects of astaxanthin and its potential mechanisms remain unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the function of astaxanthin-rich extract (ASTE) on AS and gut microbiota as well as the difference from atorvastatin (ATO) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Methods and results: Wild type (WT) and ApoE-/- mice were divided into seven groups: the low-fat diet (LFD) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups (in both types) as well as three ApoE-/- groups based on HFD added with two doses of ASTE and one dose of ATO, respectively. After 30 weeks of intervention, results showed that ASTE significantly inhibited body weight increase, lipids accumulation in serum/liver, and AS-lesions in the aorta. Furthermore, fundus fluorescein angiography and retinal CD31 immunohistochemical staining showed that ASTE could alleviate the occurrence of AS-retinopathy. H&E staining showed that ASTE could protect the colon's mucosal epithelium from damage. The gas chromatographic and gene expression analyses showed that ASTE promoted the excretion of fecal acidic and neutral sterols from cholesterol by increasing LXRα, CYP7A1, and ABCG5/8 and decreasing FXR, NPC1L1, ACAT2, and MTTP expressions. Remarkably, the ASTE administration maintained the gut barrier by enhancing gene expression of JAM-A, Occludin, and mucin2 in the colon and reshaped gut microbiota with the feature of blooming Akkermansia. Conclusion: Our results suggested that ASTE could prevent AS in both macrovascular and/or microvascular as well as used as novel prebiotics by supporting the bile acid excretion and growth of Akkermansia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yanglin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Qian Cheng
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yamin Zhu
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Angel Nutritech Company Limited, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Yatu Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiupeng Cao
- The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang 641099, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Economic and Technological Development Area (TEDA), Tianjin 300457, China.
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15
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Manochkumar J, Singh A, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. Untapping the protective role of carotenoids against respiratory diseases. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154286. [PMID: 35820304 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies revealed a substantial role of carotenoids to treat respiratory diseases. This review aimed to give an updated overview of the investigational evidence on the preventive properties of carotenoids against respiratory diseases both in vitro and in vivo along with their pathophysiology and mechanisms of action. HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as a potential therapeutic class of bioactive compounds to treat respiratory diseases. RESULTS Carotenoids such as β-carotene, lycopene, crocin, bixin, lutein, and astaxanthin show beneficial effects against chronic lung diseases (e.g., asthma, emphysema, fibrosis, COPD, acute lung injury, and lung cancer). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies also supported the preventive role of carotenoids. These carotenoids showed a beneficial role by activation of the NRF2/HO-1 pathway and inhibition of the NF-кB, MAPK, JAK/STAT-3, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Additionally, epidemiological studies also showed that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of lung diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs or can be given in combination with other drugs to prevent and treat respiratory diseases. Although in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well-conducted randomized clinical trials are required to approve carotenoids as drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuma Singh
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014 Tamil Nadu, India.
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16
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Hou LS, Zhang YW, Li H, Wang W, Huan ML, Zhou SY, Zhang BL. The regulatory role and mechanism of autophagy in energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 234:108117. [PMID: 35077761 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis is a key pathological process of chronic liver diseases, caused by alcohol, toxic and aberrant energy metabolism. It progresses to cirrhosis or even hepatic carcinoma without effective treatment. Studies have shown that autophagy has important regulatory effects on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) energy metabolism, and then affect the activation state of HSCs. Autophagy maintains hepatic energy homeostasis, and the dysregulation of autophagy can lead to the activation of HSCs and the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis. It is necessary to explore the mechanism of autophagy in energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis. Herein, the current study summarizes the regulating mechanisms of autophagy through different targets and signal pathways in energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis, and discusses the regulatory effect of autophagy by natural plant-derived, endogenous and synthetic compounds for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. A better comprehension of autophagy in hepatic stellate cells energy metabolism-related hepatic fibrosis may provide effective intervention of hepatic fibrosis, explore the potential clinical strategies and promote the drug treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Shuang Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yao-Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Meng-Lei Huan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Bang-Le Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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17
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Astaxanthin Enhances Gingival Wound Healing following High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4043105. [PMID: 35392260 PMCID: PMC8983170 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4043105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts of the gingiva play a key role in oral wound healing in diabetes. In this study, effects of astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, were tested on gingival fibroblasts in a wound healing assay in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether ASTX can recover delayed wound healing or not when oxidative stress is elevated by high glucose exposure. For this purpose, human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with or without ASTX following exposure to systemic doses of low glucose (LG) and high glucose (HG) in culture media (5- and 25-, 50 mM D-glucose in DMEM Ham's F12) following 24 hours of incubation. Levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) were determined for each experimental group by confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by an automated cell counter with trypan blue assay. Wound healing assay was designed in 60 mm petri dishes. Cells were exposed to 5-, 25-, and 50 mM glucose for 24 hours, and a straight line free of cells was created upon full confluency. 100 μM ASTX was added to the recovery group, simultaneously. Cells were monitored with JuLIⓇ-Br Cell History Recorder. ROS levels were significantly increased with increasing glucose levels, while cell proliferation and viability demonstrated a negative correlation with increasing oxidative stress. ROS levels significantly decreased in the 100 μM ASTX-treated group compared to the gingival fibroblasts treated with 50 mM HG medium-only, as well as growth rate and viability. Wound healing was delayed in a dose-dependent manner following high glucose exposure, while ASTX treatment recovered wounded area by 1.16-fold in the 50 mM HG group. Our results demonstrated that ASTX enhances gingival wound healing through its antioxidative properties following high glucose induced oxidative stress. Therefore, ASTX can be suggested as a promising candidate to maintain oral health in chronic wounds of the oral tissues related to diabetes.
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18
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Snell TW, Carberry J. Astaxanthin Bioactivity Is Determined by Stereoisomer Composition and Extraction Method. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071522. [PMID: 35406135 PMCID: PMC9002770 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a natural product and one of the most powerful antioxidants known. It has significant effects on the metabolism of many animals, increasing fecundity, egg yolk volume, growth rates, immune responses, and disease resistance. A large part of the bioactivity of ASX is due to its targeting of mitochondria, where it inserts itself into cell membranes. Here, ASX stabilizes membranes and acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting mitochondria from damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are ubiquitous by-products of energy metabolism that must be tightly regulated by cells, lest they bind to and inactivate proteins, DNA and RNA, lipids, and signaling molecules. Most animals cannot synthesize ASX, so they need to acquire it in their diet. ASX is easily thermally denatured during extraction, and its high hydrophobicity limits its bioavailability. Our focus in this review is to contrast the bioactivity of different ASX stereoisomers and how extraction methods can denature ASX, compromising its bioavailability and bioactivity. We discuss the commercial sources of astaxanthin, structure of stereoisomers, relative bioavailability and bioactivity of ASX stereoisomers, mechanisms of ASX bioactivity, evolution of carotenoids, and why mitochondrial targeting makes ASX such an effective antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W. Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-368-8475
| | - John Carberry
- Sustainable Aquatics, 110 W. Old Andrew Johnson Highway, Jefferson City, TN 37760, USA;
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19
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Rakowski M, Porębski S, Grzelak A. Nutraceuticals as Modulators of Autophagy: Relevance in Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073625. [PMID: 35408992 PMCID: PMC8998447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements and nutraceuticals have entered the mainstream. Especially in the media, they are strongly advertised as safe and even recommended for certain diseases. Although they may support conventional therapy, sometimes these substances can have unexpected side effects. This review is particularly focused on the modulation of autophagy by selected vitamins and nutraceuticals, and their relevance in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Parkinson’s disease (PD). Autophagy is crucial in PD; thus, the induction of autophagy may alleviate the course of the disease by reducing the so-called Lewy bodies. Hence, we believe that those substances could be used in prevention and support of conventional therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will shed some light on their ability to modulate the autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rakowski
- The Bio-Med-Chem Doctoral School of the University of Lodz and Lodz Institutes of the Polish Academy of Sciences, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Szymon Porębski
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Grzelak
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (S.P.); (A.G.)
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20
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Bhattarai G, So HS, Kieu TTT, Kook SH, Lee JC, Jeon YM. Astaxanthin Inhibits Diabetes-Triggered Periodontal Destruction, Ameliorates Oxidative Complications in STZ-Injected Mice, and Recovers Nrf2-Dependent Antioxidant System. Nutrients 2021; 13:3575. [PMID: 34684576 PMCID: PMC8537008 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies highlight that astaxanthin (ASTX) ameliorates hyperglycemic condition and hyperglycemia-associated chronic complications. While periodontitis and periodontic tissue degradation are also triggered under chronic hyperglycemia, the roles of ASTX on diabetes-associated periodontal destruction and the related mechanisms therein are not yet fully understood. Here, we explored the impacts of supplemental ASTX on periodontal destruction and systemic complications in type I diabetic mice. To induce diabetes, C57BL/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 150 mg/kg), and the hyperglycemic mice were orally administered with ASTX (12.5 mg/kg) (STZ+ASTX group) or vehicle only (STZ group) daily for 60 days. Supplemental ASTX did not improve hyperglycemic condition, but ameliorated excessive water and feed consumptions and lethality in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Compared with the non-diabetic and STZ+ASTX groups, the STZ group exhibited severe periodontal destruction. Oral gavage with ASTX inhibited osteoclastic formation and the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand, 8-OHdG, γ-H2AX, cyclooxygenase 2, and interleukin-1β in the periodontium of STZ-injected mice. Supplemental ASTX not only increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and osteogenic transcription factors in the periodontium, but also recovered circulating lymphocytes and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activity in the blood of STZ-injected mice. Furthermore, the addition of ASTX blocked advanced glycation end products-induced oxidative stress and growth inhibition in human-derived periodontal ligament cells by upregulating the Nrf2 pathway. Together, our results suggest that ASTX does not directly improve hyperglycemia, but ameliorates hyperglycemia-triggered periodontal destruction and oxidative systemic complications in type I diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Han-Sol So
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Thi Thu Trang Kieu
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; (H.-S.S.); (T.T.T.K.)
| | - Young-Mi Jeon
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
- Institute of Oral Biosciences, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Korea
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21
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Lin Z, Li F, Zhang Y, Tan X, Luo P, Liu H. Analysis of astaxanthin molecular targets based on network pharmacological strategies. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13717. [PMID: 33844306 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In order to further explore the potential pharmacological activity of astaxanthin (AST), network pharmacological approaches were employed in this work to systematically investigate its affinity targets, perturbed signaling pathways, and related disease applications. First, potential targets were captured based on AST chemical structure information. Enrichment analysis was then performed using bioinformatics tools to predict the biological processes and diseases in which AST targets are involved. The results suggest that AST is involved in steroid hormone metabolism, and the regulation of glucocorticoids may be one of the potential mechanisms of its known therapeutic effects on depression and insulin resistance. Molecular docking experiments confirmed that AST can form stable binding to several key nodes (SRD5A2, STS, AKR1C2, HSD11B1, and CYP17A1) in steroid hormone biosynthesis. More importantly, the molecular targets of AST were the most significantly associated with endometriosis. Functionally, grouped analysis of key therapeutic nodes was carried out by establishing the interaction network between drug targets and disease targets. While exerting inflammatory effects, the regulation of estrogen and other semiochemicals by targeting steroid metabolism may be the biological basis for the potential treatment of endometriosis with AST. This work provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the pharmacological mechanisms of AST and development of new therapeutic applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, systematic pharmacological methods were used to identify the potential therapeutic effects and associated mechanisms of astaxanthin, providing a bioinformatics basis for further exploration of astaxanthin's new pharmacological properties in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lin
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fangping Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ping Luo
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Huazhong Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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22
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Fouad MA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Huwait EA, Hafez HF, Osman AMM. Epigenetic immunomodulatory effect of eugenol and astaxanthin on doxorubicin cytotoxicity in hormonal positive breast Cancer cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:8. [PMID: 33509300 PMCID: PMC7842008 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed molecular subtype of breast cancer; which showed good response to doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Eugenol (EUG) and astaxanthin (AST) are natural compounds with proved epigenetic and immunomodulatory effects in several cancer cell lines. This study has been initiated to investigate the molecular mechanism (s) whereby EUG and AST could enhance DOX cytotoxicity in MCF7 cells. METHODS Cytotoxic activity of DOX alone and combined with either 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST was performed using sulphorhodamine-B assay in MCF7 cells. Global histones acetylation and some immunological markers were investigated using ELISA, western blotting and quantitative RT-PCR techniques. Functional assay of multidrug resistance was performed using rhodamine 123 and Hoechst 3342 dyes. Flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide were used to assess the change in cell cycle and apoptosis along with the expression of some differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy proteins. RESULTS DOX alone resulted in concentration-dependent cytotoxicity with IC50 of 0.5 μM. Both EUG and AST significantly increased DOX cytotoxicity which is manifested as a significant decrease in DOX IC50 from 0.5 μM to 0.088 μM with EUG and to 0.06 μM with AST. Combinations of DOX with 1 mM EUG or 40 μM AST significantly increased the level of histones acetylation and histone acetyl transferase expression, while reduced the expression of aromatase and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) when compared with 0.25 μM DOX alone. Also both combinations showed higher uptake of rhodamine but lower of Hoechst stains, along with increased the percentage of caspase 3, and decreased the expression of CK7 and LC3BI/II ratio. EUG combination induced IFγ but reduced TNFα causing shifting of cells from G2/M to S and G0/ G1 phases. Combination of DOX with EUG induced apoptosis through the higher BAX/ BCl2 ratio, while with AST was through the increase in caspase 8 expressions. CONCLUSION EUG and AST potentiated the anticancer activity of DOX through epigenetic histones acetylation along with the immunonomodulation of different apoptotic approaches in MCF7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Fouad
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Etimad A Huwait
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafez F Hafez
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Moneim M Osman
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, 11796, Egypt.
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23
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Fu M, Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang L, Luo S, Liu H. Autophagy Plays a Role in the Prolongation of the Life Span of Caenorhabditis elegans by Astaxanthin. Rejuvenation Res 2020; 24:198-205. [PMID: 33115330 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2020.2355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST), a xanthophyll belonging to the family of carotenoids, is a potent antioxidant. The effect of AST on longevity and its physiological and molecular mechanism are still unclear. In this study, we proved that AST could prolong the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans. To uncover whether AST could delay aging by upregulating autophagy, we measured the expression of autophagy gene and the life span of autophagy gene bec-1 mutant nematodes, and the results showed that the expression of autophagy gene was upregulated after AST intervention and the disruption of bec-1 weakened the extension of the life span. To explore the molecular mechanism of AST-induced autophagy upregulation, we knocked out the daf-16 or hlh-30 (key genes of insulin/insulin growth factor-1 [IGF-1] signal pathway or target of rapamycin [TOR] signal pathway) by RNA interference, and the expression of autophagy gene lgg-1 decreased. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that autophagy, which is both the insulin/IGF-1 signal pathway dependent and TOR signal pathway dependent, plays a role in the prolongation of the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans by AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Suhui Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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24
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Inhibitory effects of astaxanthin on postovulatory porcine oocyte aging in vitro. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20217. [PMID: 33214659 PMCID: PMC7677382 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocytes represent impaired quality after undergoing a process of postovulatory aging, which can be alleviated through various effective ways such as reagent treatment. Accumulating evidences have revealed the beneficial effects of astaxanthin (Ax) as a potential antioxidant on reproductive biology. Here, porcine matured oocytes were used as a model to explore whether Ax supplement can protect against oocyte aging in vitro and the underlying mechanism, and therefore they were cultured with or without 2.5 μM Ax for an additional 24 h. Aged oocytes treated with Ax showed improved yield and quality of blastocysts as well as recovered expression of maternal genes. Importantly, oxidative stress in aged oocytes was relieved through Ax treatment, based on reduced reactive oxygen species and enhanced glutathione and antioxidant gene expression. Moreover, inhibition in apoptosis and autophagy of aged oocyte by Ax was confirmed through decreased caspase-3, cathepsin B and autophagic activities. Ax could also maintain spindle organization and actin expression, and rescue functional status of organelles including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and lysosomes according to restored fluorescence intensity. In conclusion, Ax might provide an alternative for ameliorating the oocyte quality following aging in vitro, through the mechanisms mediated by its antioxidant properties.
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25
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Cheng J, Eroglu A. The Promising Effects of Astaxanthin on Lung Diseases. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:850-864. [PMID: 33179051 PMCID: PMC8166543 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that it is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, whereas other lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and asthma are of high prevalence. In the past decade, mounting evidence has suggested a protective role for ASX against lung diseases. This article reviews the potential role of ASX in protecting against lung diseases, including lung cancer. It also summarizes the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ASX protects against pulmonary diseases, including regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, NF-κB signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 signaling, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, and modulating immune response. Several future directions are proposed in this review. However, most in vitro and in vivo studies have used ASX at concentrations that are not achievable by humans. Also, no clinical trials have been conducted and/or reported. Thus, preclinical studies with ASX treatment within physiological concentrations as well as human studies are required to examine the health benefits of ASX with respect to lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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26
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Zarneshan SN, Fakhri S, Farzaei MH, Khan H, Saso L. Astaxanthin targets PI3K/Akt signaling pathway toward potential therapeutic applications. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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27
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Carotenoid metabolism in mitochondrial function. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyaa023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that are found in most eukaryotic organisms. It is broadly accepted that mitochondria originally evolved from prokaryotic bacteria, e.g. proteobacteria. The mitochondrion has its independent genome that encodes 37 genes, including 13 genes for oxidative phosphorylation. Accumulative evidence demonstrates that mitochondria are not only the powerhouse of the cells by supplying adenosine triphosphate, but also exert roles as signalling organelles in the cell fate and function. Numerous factors can affect mitochondria structurally and functionally. Carotenoids are a large group of fat-soluble pigments commonly found in our diets. Recently, much attention has been paid in carotenoids as dietary bioactives in mitochondrial structure and function in human health and disease, though the mechanistic research is limited. Here, we update the recent progress in mitochondrial functioning as signalling organelles in human health and disease, summarize the potential roles of carotenoids in regulation of mitochondrial redox homeostasis, biogenesis, and mitophagy, and discuss the possible approaches for future research in carotenoid regulation of mitochondrial function.
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28
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Lai TT, Yang CM, Yang CH. Astaxanthin Protects Retinal Photoreceptor Cells against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress by Induction of Antioxidant Enzymes via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080729. [PMID: 32785112 PMCID: PMC7465141 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication that can lead to severe visual impairment in patients with diabetes. The elevated oxidative stress and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production induced by hyperglycemia have been reported to play an important role in the complex pathogenesis of DR. Astaxanthin (AST), a natural carotenoid derivative, has been recently recognized as a strong free radical scavenger and might, therefore, be beneficial in different diseases, including DR. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of AST as an antioxidative and antiapoptotic agent in protecting retinal cells and also investigated the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway in AST-mediated effects. We treated high glucose-cultured mouse photoreceptor cells (661W) with different concentrations of AST and analyzed ROS production and cell apoptosis in the different regimens. Moreover, we also analyzed the expression of PI3K, Akt, Nrf2, and Phase II enzymes after AST treatment. Our results showed that AST dose-dependently reduced ROS production and attenuated 661W cell apoptosis in a high glucose environment. Importantly, its protective effect was abolished by treatment with PI3K or Nrf2 inhibitors, indicating the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway. These results suggest AST as a nutritional supplement that could benefit patients with DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tso-Ting Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (C.-M.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (C.-M.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (T.-T.L.); (C.-M.Y.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 62131); Fax: +886-2-2393-4420
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29
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Fakhri S, Nouri Z, Moradi SZ, Farzaei MH. Astaxanthin, COVID-19 and immune response: Focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2790-2792. [PMID: 32754955 PMCID: PMC7436866 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nouri
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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30
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Landon R, Gueguen V, Petite H, Letourneur D, Pavon-Djavid G, Anagnostou F. Impact of Astaxanthin on Diabetes Pathogenesis and Chronic Complications. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18070357. [PMID: 32660119 PMCID: PMC7401277 DOI: 10.3390/md18070357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pivotal role in diabetes mellitus (DM) onset, progression, and chronic complications. Hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to reduce insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, to impair insulin sensitivity and signaling in insulin-responsive tissues, and to alter endothelial cells function in both type 1 and type 2 DM. As a powerful antioxidant without side effects, astaxanthin (ASX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, has been suggested to contribute to the prevention and treatment of DM-associated pathologies. ASX reduces inflammation, OS, and apoptosis by regulating different OS pathways though the exact mechanism remains elusive. Based on several studies conducted on type 1 and type 2 DM animal models, orally or parenterally administrated ASX improves insulin resistance and insulin secretion; reduces hyperglycemia; and exerts protective effects against retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. However, more experimental support is needed to define conditions for its use. Moreover, its efficacy in diabetic patients is poorly explored. In the present review, we aimed to identify the up-to-date biological effects and underlying mechanisms of ASX on the ROS-induced DM-associated metabolic disorders and subsequent complications. The development of an in-depth research to better understand the biological mechanisms involved and to identify the most effective ASX dosage and route of administration is deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Landon
- CNRS UMR7052-INSERM U1271, Laboratory of Osteoarticular Biology, Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Paris Diderot University, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (R.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Sorbonne University Paris Nord, 99 Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (V.G.); (D.L.); (G.P.-D.)
| | - Hervé Petite
- CNRS UMR7052-INSERM U1271, Laboratory of Osteoarticular Biology, Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Paris Diderot University, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (R.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Sorbonne University Paris Nord, 99 Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (V.G.); (D.L.); (G.P.-D.)
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering, Sorbonne University Paris Nord, 99 Avenue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; (V.G.); (D.L.); (G.P.-D.)
| | - Fani Anagnostou
- CNRS UMR7052-INSERM U1271, Laboratory of Osteoarticular Biology, Bioengineering and Bioimaging, Paris Diderot University, 10 Avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (R.L.); (H.P.)
- Service of Odontology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière APHP, U.F.R. of Odontology, Denis-Diderot University, 47-83 Boulevard de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)1-57-27-85-70
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31
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Abbaszadeh F, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: Therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105069. [PMID: 32652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder associated with the loss of sensory and motor function. Understanding the precise dysregulated signaling pathways, especially apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, is of vital importance in developing innovative therapeutic targets and treatments. The present study lies in the fact that it reveals the precise dysregulated signaling mediators of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI and also examines the effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals. It provides new insights to develop new treatments for post-SCI complications. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases including, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, along with the authors' expertise in apoptosis and autophagy as well as their knowledge about the effects of polyphenols and other phytochemicals on SCI pathogenesis. The primary mechanical injury to spinal cord is followed by a secondary cascade of apoptosis and autophagy that play critical roles during SCI. In terms of pharmacological mechanisms, caspases, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α, and JAK/STAT in apoptosis along with LC3 and Beclin-1 in autophagy have shown a close interconnection with the inflammatory pathways mainly glutamatergic, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK/MAPK, and other cross-linked mediators. Besides, apoptotic pathways have been shown to regulate autophagy mediators and vice versa. Prevailing evidence has highlighted the importance of modulating these signaling mediators/pathways by polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals post-SCI. The present review provides dysregulated signaling mediators and therapeutic targets of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI, focusing on the modulatory effects of polyphenols and other potential phytochemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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32
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Lee H, Lim JW, Kim H. Effect of Astaxanthin on Activation of Autophagy and Inhibition of Apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cell Line AGS. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061750. [PMID: 32545395 PMCID: PMC7353244 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection leads to the massive apoptosis of the gastric epithelial cells, causing gastric ulcers, gastritis, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Autophagy is a cellular recycling process that plays important roles in cell death decisions and can protect cells by preventing apoptosis. Upon the induction of autophagy, the level of the autophagy substrate p62 is reduced and the autophagy-related ratio of microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B)-II/LC3B-I is heightened. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are involved in the regulation of autophagy. Astaxanthin (AST) is a potent anti-oxidant that plays anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer roles in various cells. In the present study, we examined whether AST inhibits H. pylori-induced apoptosis through AMPK-mediated autophagy in the human gastric epithelial cell line AGS (adenocarcinoma gastric) in vitro. In this study, H. pylori induced apoptosis. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, enhanced the H. pylori-induced apoptosis of AGS cells. In contrast, metformin, an AMPK activator, suppressed H. pylori-induced apoptosis, showing that AMPK activation inhibits H. pylori-induced apoptosis. AST inhibited H. pylori-induced apoptosis by increasing the phosphorylation of AMPK and decreasing the phosphorylation of RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (Akt) and mTOR in H. pylori-stimulated cells. The number of LC3B puncta in H. pylori-stimulated cells increased with AST. These results suggest that AST suppresses the H. pylori-induced apoptosis of AGS cells by inducing autophagy through the activation of AMPK and the downregulation of its downstream target, mTOR. In conclusion, AST may inhibit gastric diseases associated with H. pylori infection by increasing autophagy through the activation of the AMPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3125; Fax: +82-2-364-5781
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