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Radwan M, Moussa MA, Manaa EA, El-Sharkawy MA, Darweesh KF, Elraey SMA, Saleh NA, Mohammadein A, Al-Otaibi WM, Albadrani GM, Al-Ghadi MQ, Badawy LA, Abd El-Halim MO, Abdel-Daim MM, Mekky AE. Synergistic effect of green synthesis magnesium oxide nanoparticles and seaweed extract on improving water quality, health benefits, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116522. [PMID: 38843743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding liquid extract of algae (Hypnea musciformis, Grateloupia acuminata, and Sargassum muticum) (HGS) and Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using this extract to rear water of Oreochromis niloticus, on improving culture water indices, growth performance, digestive enzyme, hemato-biochemical characters, immune, antioxidative responses, and resistance after challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila with specific refer to the potential role of the mixture in vitro as resistance against three strains bacteria (Aeromonas sobria, Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. aeruginosa) and one parasite (Cichlidogyrus tilapia). The first group represented control, HGS0, whereas the other group, HGS5, HGS10, and HGS15 mL-1 of liquid extract, as well as all groups with 7.5 μg mL-1 MgO-NPs added to culture water of O. niloticus, for 60 days. Data showed that increasing levels at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1 in to-culture water significantly enhanced growth-stimulating digestive enzyme activity and a significantly improved survival rate of O. niloticus after being challenged with A. hydrophila than in the control group. The total viability, coliform, fecal coliform count, and heavy metal in muscle partially decreased at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1 than in the control group. Correspondingly, the highest positive effect on hemato-biochemical indices was noticed at levels HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1. Fish noticed an improvement in immune and antioxidant indices compared to control groups partially at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1. Interestingly, fish cultured in rearing water with the mixture provided downregulated the related inflammatory genes (HSP70, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-8) partially at HGS15 mL-1. In vitro, the mixture showed positive efficiency as an antibacterial and partially antiparasitic at HGS 10 and HGS15 mL-1. This study proposes utilizing a mixture of (HGS) and (MgO-NPs) with optimum levels of 10-15 mL-1 in cultured water to improve water indices, growth, health status, and increased resistance of O. niloticus against bacterial and parasitic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Radwan
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Moussa A Moussa
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Manaa
- Animal and Poultry Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | | | - Kareem F Darweesh
- Marine Biology Branch, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Said M A Elraey
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Nehad A Saleh
- Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Amaal Mohammadein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ghadeer M Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muath Q Al-Ghadi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lobna A Badawy
- Department of Fish Resources and Aquaculture, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El‑Arish, Egypt
| | - Marwa O Abd El-Halim
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, PO Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Alsayed E Mekky
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt
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Wu Z, Wu W, Yang S, Cheng F, Lv J, Shao Y, Tang X, Li E, Zhao Q. Safety evaluation and effects of dietary phlorotannins on the growth, health, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109569. [PMID: 38641216 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Phlorotannins are phenolic compounds with diverse biological activities, yet their efficacy in aquatic animals currently remains unclear. This investigation scrutinized the influence of phlorotannins on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei, concurrently evaluating the potential adverse effects of phlorotannins on L. vannamei. A base diet without phlorotannins supplementation was used as a control, and 4 groups of diets with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 g kg-1) of phlorotannins were formulated and fed to juvenile shrimp (0.25 ± 0.01 g) for 60 days followed by a 24-h challenge with Vibrio parahaemolyticus with triplicate in each group. Compared with the control, dietary 2.0 g kg-1 phlorotannins significantly improved the growth of the shrimp. The activities of enzymes related to cellular immunity, humoral immunity, and antioxidants, along with a notable upregulation in the expression of related genes, significantly increased. After V. parahaemolyticus challenge, the cumulative survival rates of the shrimp demonstrated a positive correlation with elevated concentrations of phlorotannins. In addition, the abundance of Bacteroidetes and functional genes associated with metabolism increased in phlorotannins supplementation groups. Phlorotannins did not elicit any detrimental effects on the biological macromolecules or histological integrity of the hepatopancreas or intestines. Simultaneously, it led to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde content. All results indicated that phlorotannins at concentrations of 2.0 g kg-1 can be used as safe feed additives to promote the growth, stimulate the immune response, improve the antioxidant capacity and intestinal health of L. vannamei, and an protect shrimp from damage caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Wenbo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Shouguo Yang
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Fen Cheng
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Jingyi Lv
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Yingjin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China
| | - Xianming Tang
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, 571126, China
| | - Erchao Li
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, China.
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Sadeghi A, Rajabiyan A, Nabizade N, Meygoli Nezhad N, Zarei-Ahmady A. Seaweed-derived phenolic compounds as diverse bioactive molecules: A review on identification, application, extraction and purification strategies. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131147. [PMID: 38537857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Seaweed, a diverse group of marine macroalgae, has emerged as a rich source of bioactive compounds with numerous health-promoting properties. Among these, phenolic compounds have garnered significant attention for their diverse therapeutic applications. This review examines the methodologies employed in the extraction and purification of phenolic compounds from seaweed, emphasizing their importance in unlocking the full potential of these oceanic treasures. The article provides a comprehensive overview of the structural diversity and biological activities of seaweed-derived phenolics, elucidating their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Furthermore, it explores the impact of extraction techniques, including conventional methods and modern green technologies, on the yield and quality of phenolic extracts. The purification strategies for isolating specific phenolic compounds are also discussed, shedding light on the challenges and advancements in this field. Additionally, the review highlights the potential applications of seaweed-derived phenolics in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and functional foods, underscoring the economic value of these compounds. Finally, future perspectives and research directions are proposed to encourage continued exploration of seaweed phenolics, fostering a deeper understanding of their therapeutic potential and promoting sustainable practices in the extraction and purification processes. This comprehensive review serves as a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers interested in harnessing the untapped potential of phenolic compounds from seaweed for the betterment of human health and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Sadeghi
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Ali Rajabiyan
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Nafise Nabizade
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Najme Meygoli Nezhad
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Amanollah Zarei-Ahmady
- Marine Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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4
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Subbiah V, Ebrahimi F, Agar OT, Dunshea FR, Barrow CJ, Suleria HAR. In vitro digestion and colonic fermentation of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant potential in Australian beach-cast seaweeds. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4335. [PMID: 38383637 PMCID: PMC10881491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54312-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Beach-cast seaweed has recently garnered attention for its nutrient-rich composition, including proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals. This study focuses on the phenolic content and antioxidant potential of five Australian beach-cast seaweed species during in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. The bioaccessibility of the selected phenolic compounds was estimated and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production was determined. Cystophora sp., showed a notable increase in phenolic content (23.1 mg GAE/g) and antioxidant capacity (0.42 mg CE/g) during the intestinal and gastric phases of in vitro digestion. Durvillaea sp. demonstrated a significant release of flavonoids (0.35 mg QE/g), while Phyllosphora comosa released high levels of tannins (0.72 mg CE/g) during the intestinal phase. During colonic fermentation, P. comosa released the highest levels of phenolic compounds (4.3 mg GAE/g) after 2 h, followed by an increase in flavonoids (0.15 mg QE/g), tannins (0.07 mg CE/g), and antioxidant activity (DPPH: 0.12 mg CE/g; FRAP: 0.61 mg CE/g) after 4 h. Moreover, P. comosa released a considerable amount of phenolic compounds during both in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. All species consistently released phenolic compounds throughout the study. Phloroglucinol, gallic acid, and protocatechuic acid were identified as the most bioaccessible phenolic compounds in all five Australian beach-cast seaweeds in the in vitro digestion. Nevertheless, compound levels declined during the colonic fermentation phase due to decomposition and fermentation by gut microbiota. With regard to SCFAs, P. comosa displayed elevated levels of acetic (0.51 mmol/L) and propionic acid (0.36 mmol/L) at 2 h, while Durvillaea sp. showed increased butyric (0.42 mmol/L) and valeric (0.26 mmol/L) production acid after 8 h. These findings suggest that seaweed such as Cystophora sp., Durvillaea sp., and P. comosa are promising candidates for food fortification or nutraceutical applications, given their rich phenolic content and antioxidant properties that potentially offer gut health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigasini Subbiah
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3217, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Faezeh Ebrahimi
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Osman Tuncay Agar
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Colin J Barrow
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3217, Australia.
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Czech A, Woś K, Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E. Nutritional and Antioxidative Benefits of Dietary Macroalgae Supplementation in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:549. [PMID: 38396524 PMCID: PMC10886378 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the effects of dietary brown macroalgae (Ascophyllum nodosum) inclusion on digestibility and blood biochemical indices and redox markers in piglets fed diets with varying levels (0%, 0.6% and 1%) of macroalgae from 18 to 64 days of age. Macroalgae significantly influenced lipid profiles, reducing total cholesterol levels (quadratic contrast p = 0.001) and demonstrating an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, particularly with 1% macroalgae inclusion (linear contrast p < 0.001), with a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both macroalgae-supplemented groups (linear contrast p = 0.001). Additionally, macroalgae had a positive impact on the activities of antioxidative enzymes (ferric-reducing ability of plasma, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione) and reduced lipid peroxidation products (lipid hydroperoxide, malondialdehyde) in the blood, liver tissue, and intestinal epithelium of the ileum, suggesting enhanced antioxidative defense mechanisms. These changes were dose-dependent; in blood plasma, they exhibited both a linear and quadratic response, while in the tissues, the response was primarily linear. Additionally, an increase in the digestibility of crude fat in macroalgae-supplemented groups was observed (linear contrast p < 0.001), highlighting their potential role in improving nutrient absorption and digestion. The study findings emphasize the health benefits of natural, seaweed-based additives in diets, particularly in managing oxidative stress and improving lipid profiles, and highlight the potential of macroalgae as a natural dietary supplement to improve antioxidant systems and lipid metabolism in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czech
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Woś
- Department of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
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6
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Peng Y, Yang X, Huang R, Ren B, Chen B, Liu Y, Zhang H. Diversified Chemical Structures and Bioactivities of the Chemical Constituents Found in the Brown Algae Family Sargassaceae. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:59. [PMID: 38393030 PMCID: PMC10890103 DOI: 10.3390/md22020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sargassaceae, the most abundant family in Fucales, was recently formed through the merging of the two former families Sargassaceae and Cystoseiraceae. It is widely distributed in the world's oceans, notably in tropical coastal regions, with the exception of the coasts of Antarctica and South America. Numerous bioactivities have been discovered through investigations of the chemical diversity of the Sargassaceae family. The secondary metabolites with unique structures found in this family have been classified as terpenoids, phlorotannins, and steroids, among others. These compounds have exhibited potent pharmacological activities. This review describes the new discovered compounds from Sargassaceae species and their associated bioactivities, citing 136 references covering from March 1975 to August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Y.P.); (B.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Xianwen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China;
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Bin Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Y.P.); (B.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China; (Y.P.); (B.R.); (B.C.)
| | - Yonghong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China;
| | - Hongjie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Cotas J, Lomartire S, Gonçalves AMM, Pereira L. From Ocean to Medicine: Harnessing Seaweed's Potential for Drug Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:797. [PMID: 38255871 PMCID: PMC10815561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, a miscellaneous group of marine algae, has long been recognized for its rich nutritional composition and bioactive compounds, being considered nutraceutical ingredient. This revision delves into the promising role of seaweed-derived nutrients as a beneficial resource for drug discovery and innovative product development. Seaweeds are abundant sources of essential vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides, polyphenols, and unique secondary metabolites, which reveal a wide range of biological activities. These bioactive compounds possess potential therapeutic properties, making them intriguing candidates for drug leads in various medical applications and pharmaceutical drug development. It explores their pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, shedding light on their potential as therapeutic agents. Moreover, the manuscript provides insights into the development of formulation strategies and delivery systems to enhance the bioavailability and stability of seaweed-derived compounds. The manuscript also discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of seaweed-based nutrients into the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. Regulatory considerations, sustainability, and scalability of sustainable seaweed sourcing and cultivation methods are addressed, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach in harnessing seaweed's potential. This revision underscores the immense potential of seaweed-derived compounds as a valuable reservoir for drug leads and product development. By bridging the gap between marine biology, pharmacology, and product formulation, this research contributes to the critical advancement of sustainable and innovative solutions in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Silvia Lomartire
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.G.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Marine Resources, Conservation and Technology, Marine Algae Lab, CFE—Centre for Functional Ecology: Science for People & Planet, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.G.)
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Şensu E, Ayar EN, Okudan EŞ, Özçelik B, Yücetepe A. Characterization of Proteins Extracted from Ulva sp., Padina sp., and Laurencia sp. Macroalgae Using Green Technology: Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Antioxidant and ACE-I Inhibitory Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:48689-48703. [PMID: 38162757 PMCID: PMC10753567 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macroalgal proteins were extracted from Ulva rigida (URPE) (green), Padina pavonica (PPPE) (brown), and Laurencia obtusa (LOPE) (red) using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction, which is one of the green extraction technologies. Techno-functional, characteristic, and digestibility properties, and biological activities including antioxidant (AOA) and angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I) inhibitory activities were also investigated. According to the results, the extraction yield (EY) (94.74%) was detected in the extraction of L. obtusa, followed by U. rigida and P. pavonica. PPPE showed the highest ACE-I inhibitory activity before in vitro digestion. In contrast to PPPE, LOPE (20.90 ± 0.00%) and URPE (20.20 ± 0.00%) showed higher ACE-I inhibitory activity after in vitro digestion. The highest total phenolic content (TPC) (77.86 ± 1.00 mg GAE/g) was determined in LOPE. On the other hand, the highest AOACUPRAC (74.69 ± 1.78 mg TE/g) and AOAABTS (251.29 ± 5.0 mg TE/g) were detected in PPPE. After in vitro digestion, LOPE had the highest TPC (22.11 ± 2.18 mg GAE/g), AOACUPRAC (8.41 ± 0.06 mg TE/g), and AOAABTS (88.32 ± 0.65 mg TE/g) (p < 0.05). In vitro protein digestibility of three macroalgal protein extracts ranged from 84.35 ± 2.01% to 94.09 ± 0.00% (p < 0.05). Three macroalgae showed high oil holding capacity (OHC), especially PPPE (410.13 ± 16.37%) (p < 0.05), but they showed minimum foaming and emulsifying properties. The quality of the extracted macroalgal proteins was assessed using FTIR, SDS-PAGE, and DSC analyses. According to our findings, the method applied for macroalgal protein extraction could have a potential the promise of ultrasonication application as an environmentally friendly technology for food industry. Moreover, URPE, PPPE, and LOPE from sustainable sources may be attractive in terms of nourishment for people because of their digestibility, antioxidant properties, and ACE-I inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Şensu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department
of Food Technology, Istanbul Gelisim Higher Vocational School, Istanbul Gelisim
University, Avcılar, Istanbul 34310, Turkey
| | - Eda Nur Ayar
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Beraat Özçelik
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak TR-34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- BIOACTIVE
Research & Innovation Food Manufac. Indust. Trade Ltd., Katar Street, Teknokent ARI-3, B110, Sarıyer 34467, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysun Yücetepe
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, TR-68100 Aksaray, Turkey
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Siddik MAB, Francis P, Rohani MF, Azam MS, Mock TS, Francis DS. Seaweed and Seaweed-Based Functional Metabolites as Potential Modulators of Growth, Immune and Antioxidant Responses, and Gut Microbiota in Fish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2066. [PMID: 38136186 PMCID: PMC10740464 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, also known as macroalgae, represents a vast resource that can be categorized into three taxonomic groups: Rhodophyta (red), Chlorophyta (green), and Phaeophyceae (brown). They are a good source of essential nutrients such as proteins, minerals, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids. Seaweed also contains a wide range of functional metabolites, including polyphenols, polysaccharides, and pigments. This study comprehensively discusses seaweed and seaweed-derived metabolites and their potential as a functional feed ingredient in aquafeed for aquaculture production. Past research has discussed the nutritional role of seaweed in promoting the growth performance of fish, but their effects on immune response and gut health in fish have received considerably less attention in the published literature. Existing research, however, has demonstrated that dietary seaweed and seaweed-based metabolite supplementation positively impact the antioxidant status, disease resistance, and stress response in fish. Additionally, seaweed supplementation can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, thereby improving gut health and nutrient absorption in fish. Nevertheless, an important balance remains between dietary seaweed inclusion level and the resultant metabolic alteration in fish. This review highlights the current state of knowledge and the associated importance of continued research endeavors regarding seaweed and seaweed-based functional metabolites as potential modulators of growth, immune and antioxidant response, and gut microbiota composition in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A. B. Siddik
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Prue Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | | | - Thomas S. Mock
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
| | - David S. Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia; (P.F.); (T.S.M.); (D.S.F.)
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10
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González-Meza GM, Elizondo-Luevano JH, Cuellar-Bermudez SP, Sosa-Hernández JE, Iqbal HMN, Melchor-Martínez EM, Parra-Saldívar R. New Perspective for Macroalgae-Based Animal Feeding in the Context of Challenging Sustainable Food Production. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3609. [PMID: 37896072 PMCID: PMC10610262 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Food production is facing challenging times due to the pandemic, and climate change. With production expected to double by 2050, there is a need for a new paradigm in sustainable animal feed supply. Seaweeds offer a highly valuable opportunity in this regard. Seaweeds are classified into three categories: brown (Phaeophyceae), red (Rhodophyceae), and green (Chlorophyceae). While they have traditionally been used in aquafeed, their demand in the feed market is growing, parallelly increasing according to the food demand. Additionally, seaweeds are being promoted for their nutritional benefits, which contribute to the health, growth, and performance of animals intended for human consumption. Moreover, seaweeds contain biologically active compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants (polyphenols), and pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids), which possess beneficial properties, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and act as prebiotics. This review offers a new perspective on the valorization of macroalgae biomass due to their nutritional profile and bioactive components, which have the potential to play a crucial role in animal growth and making possible new sources of healthy food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia M. González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Joel H. Elizondo-Luevano
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Sara P. Cuellar-Bermudez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M. N. Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M. Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; (G.M.G.-M.); (J.H.E.-L.); (J.E.S.-H.); (H.M.N.I.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
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11
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Wu JY, Tso R, Teo HS, Haldar S. The utility of algae as sources of high value nutritional ingredients, particularly for alternative/complementary proteins to improve human health. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1277343. [PMID: 37904788 PMCID: PMC10613476 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1277343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the global population continues to grow, the demand for dietary protein is rapidly increasing, necessitating the exploration of sustainable and nutritious protein sources. Algae has emerged as a promising food source due to their high value ingredients such as proteins, as well as for their environmental sustainability and abundance. However, knowledge gaps surrounding dietary recommendations and food applications restrict algae's utilization as a viable protein source. This review aims to address these gaps by assessing the suitability of both microalgae and macroalgae as alternative/complementary protein sources and exploring their potential applications in food products. The first section examines the potential suitability of algae as a major food source by analyzing the composition and bioavailability of key components in algal biomass, including proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, and micronutrients. Secondly, the biological effects of algae, particularly their impact on metabolic health are investigated with an emphasis on available clinical evidence. While evidence reveals protective effects of algae on glucose and lipid homeostasis as well as anti-inflammatory properties, further research is required to understand the longer-term impact of consuming algal protein, protein isolates, and concentrates on metabolic health, including protein metabolism. The review then explores the potential of algal proteins in food applications, including ways to overcome their sensory limitations, such as their dark pigmentation, taste, and odor, in order to improve consumer acceptance. To maximize algae's potential as a valuable protein source in the food sector, future research should prioritize the production of more acceptable algal biomass and explore new advances in food sciences and technology for improved consumer acceptance. Overall, this paper supports the potential utility of algae as a sustainable and healthy ingredient source for widespread use in future food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Wu
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachel Tso
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hwee Sze Teo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumanto Haldar
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
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12
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Bukhari NTM, Rawi NFM, Hassan NAA, Saharudin NI, Kassim MHM. Seaweed polysaccharide nanocomposite films: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125486. [PMID: 37355060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
A million tonnes of plastic produced each year are disposed of after single use. Biodegradable polymers have become a promising material as an alternative to petroleum-based polymers. Utilising biodegradable polymers will promote environmental sustainability which has emerged with potential features and performances for various applications in different sectors. Seaweed-derived polysaccharides-based composites have been the focus of numerous studies due to the composites' renewability and sustainability for industries (food packaging and medical fields like tissue engineering and drug delivery). Due to their biocompatibility, abundance, and gelling ability, seaweed derivatives such as alginate, carrageenan, and agar are commonly used for this purpose. Seaweed has distinct film-forming characteristics, but its mechanical and water vapour barrier qualities are weak. Thus, modifications are necessary to enhance the seaweed properties. This review article summarises and discusses the effect of incorporating seaweed films with different types of nanoparticles on their mechanical, thermal, and water barrier properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Thohiroh Md Bukhari
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Fazita Mohammad Rawi
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Adilah Abu Hassan
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nur Izzaati Saharudin
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia; Green Biopolymer, Coatings & Packaging Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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13
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Martínez-López R, Tuohy MG. Rapid and cost-efficient microplate assay for the accurate quantification of total phenolics in seaweeds. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 6:100166. [PMID: 36875799 PMCID: PMC9982613 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae) are a rich source of polyphenols (up to 20% dry weight) with a structure based on phloroglucinol (1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene). To-date the determination of total phenolics content (TPC) involves a redox reaction with the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) reagent. However, side reactions with other reducing substances preclude accurate, direct measurement of TPC. This research reports a novel microplate assay involving a coupling reaction between phloroglucinol with Fast Blue BB (FBBB) diazonium salt, at basic pH, to form a stable tri-azo complex with maximum absorbance at 450 nm. Linear regression correlation values (R2) were ≥0.99 with phloroglucinol as standard. Direct quantification of TPCs (phloroglucinol equivalents, PGEs) in crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts from A. nodosum demonstrated that the new FBBB assay is not subject to side-redox interference and provides a more accurate estimate of TPC (1.2-3.9-fold lower than with the FC assay) in a relatively rapid (30 min), cost-effective (0.24€/test) microplate format.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria G. Tuohy
- Corresponding authors at: University of Galway, Ireland (Rosalía Martínez-López).
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14
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Pereira L, Cotas J. Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols and Other Micronutrients of Marine Origin. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:323. [PMID: 37367648 DOI: 10.3390/md21060323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are compounds found in various plants and foods, known for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, researchers have been exploring the therapeutic potential of marine polyphenols and other minor nutrients that are found in algae, fish and crustaceans. These compounds have unique chemical structures and exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antitumor action. Due to these properties, marine polyphenols are being investigated as possible therapeutic agents for the treatment of a wide variety of conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. This review focuses on the therapeutic potential of marine polyphenols and their applications in human health, and also, in marine phenolic classes, the extraction methods, purification techniques and future applications of marine phenolic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonel Pereira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, IATV-Institute of Environment, Technology and Life, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto do Ambiente Tecnologia e Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Rua Sílvio Lima, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Cotas
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre/ARNET-Aquatic Research Network, IATV-Institute of Environment, Technology and Life, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Mohamed AA, Sameeh MY, El-Beltagi HS. Preparation of Seaweed Nanopowder Particles Using Planetary Ball Milling and Their Effects on Some Secondary Metabolites in Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera L.) Seedlings. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 13:life13010039. [PMID: 36675989 PMCID: PMC9866922 DOI: 10.3390/life13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Due to their distinctive physicochemical characteristics, nanoparticles have recently emerged as pioneering materials in agricultural research. In this work, nanopowders (NP) of seaweed (Turbinaria triquetra) were prepared using the planetary ball milling procedure. The prepared nanopowders from marine seaweed were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the seaweed nanopowder of Turbinaria triquetra was subjected to FT-IR analysis, it revealed the presence of different functional groups, including alkane, carboxylic acids, alcohol, alkenes and aromatics. Moreover, the methanol extract was used to identify the polyphenolic components in seaweed (NP) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the extract revealed the presence of a number of important compounds such as daidzein and quercetin. Moreover, the pot experiment was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of prepared seaweed (NP) as an enhancer for the growth of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The date palm seedlings received four NP doses, bi-distilled water was applied as the control and doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg L-1 of seaweed liquid NP were used (referred to as T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively). Foliar application of liquid NP was applied two times per week within a period of 30 days. Leaf area, number of branches, dry weight, chlorophylls, total soluble sugars and some other secondary metabolites were determined. Our results indicated that the foliar application of liquid NP at T3 enhanced the growth parameters of the date palm seedlings. Additionally, liquid NP at T3 and T4 significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments. The total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activities were stimulated by NP foliar application. Moreover, the data showed that the T3 and T4 doses enhanced the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POX or PPO) compared to other treatments. Therefore, the preparation of seaweed NP using the planetary ball milling method could produce an eco-friendly and cost- effective material for sustainable agriculture and could be an interesting way to create a nanofertilizer that mitigates plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (H.S.E.-B.)
| | - Manal Y. Sameeh
- Chemistry Department, Al-Leith University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah P.O. Box 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam S. El-Beltagi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa P.O. Box 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza P.O. Box 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.A.M.); (H.S.E.-B.)
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16
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Antioxidant Activity of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Polysaccharide Degradation Based on Nrf-2/Keap-1 Signaling Pathway in HepG2 Cells with Oxidative Stress Induced by H2O2. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20090545. [PMID: 36135734 PMCID: PMC9506308 DOI: 10.3390/md20090545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Gracilarialemaneiformis polysaccharide degradation and its underlying mechanism involved in the Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling pathway in HepG2 cells with oxidative stress induced by H2O2. The result of the scavenging ability of free radicals showed that GLP-HV (polysaccharide degraded by H2O2–vitamin C (Vc)) performed a better scavenging ability than GLP (G.lemaneiformis polysaccharide). Moreover, the scavenging ability of polysaccharide to these free radicals from strong to weak was as follows: superoxide radical, ferric ion, ABTS+, and DPPH radical, and their IC50 values were 3.56 ± 0.0028, 4.97 ± 0.18, 9.62 ± 0.35, and 23.85 ± 1.78 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, GLP-HV obviously relieved oxidative stress in HepG2 cells, which strengthened the activity of T-AOC, CAT, GSH-PX, and SOD, and diminished the intensity of MDA, intracellular ROS, and calcium ion based on the Nrf-2/Keap-1 signaling pathway. The PCR result revealed that polysaccharide upregulated the expression of the genes Nrf-2, HO-1, NQO-1, and ZO-1 and downregulated Keap-1. The correlation between chemical properties and antioxidant mechanism of GLP-HV was evaluated via a heat map. The results illustrated that reducing sugar and active groups presented a positive correlation, and molecular weight and viscosity exhibited a negative relation with antioxidant activity.
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