1
|
Manzhulo I, Tyrtyshnaia A, Egoraeva A, Ivashkevich D, Girich A, Manzhulo O. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activity of synaptamide improves the morphological state of neurons in traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110094. [PMID: 39094830 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) of varying severity are becoming more frequent all over the world. The process of neuroinflammation, in which macrophages and microglia are key players, underlies all types of brain damage. The present study focuses on evaluating the therapeutic potential of N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide), which is an endogenous metabolite of docosahexaenoic acid in traumatic brain injury. Previously, several in vitro and in vivo models have shown significant anti-neuroinflammatory and synaptogenic activity of synaptamide. The results of the present study show that synaptamide by subcutaneous administration (10 mg/kg/day, 7 days) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the thalamus and cerebral cortex of experimental animals (male C57BL/6 mice). Were analyzed the dynamics of changes in the activity of Iba-1- and CD68-positive microglia/macrophages, the level of production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, TNFα) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bad, Bax), the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers (CD68, CD206, arg-1). ATF3 transcription factor distribution and neuronal state in the thalamus and cerebral cortex of animals with craniotomy, traumatic brain injury, and therapy are quantitatively assessed. The obtained data showed that synaptamide: (1) has no effect on the total pool of microglia/macrophages; (2) inhibits the activity of pro-inflammatory microglia/macrophages and cytokines they produce; (3) increases the expression of CD206 but not arg-1; (4) has anti-apoptotic effect and (5) improves the morphological state of neurons. The results obtained confirm the high therapeutic potential of synaptamide in the therapy of traumatic brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Anna Tyrtyshnaia
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Anastasia Egoraeva
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Darya Ivashkevich
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Girich
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Olga Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041, Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Joyce JD, Moore GA, Goswami P, Harrell TL, Taylor TM, Hawks SA, Green JC, Jia M, Irwin MD, Leslie E, Duggal NK, Thompson CK, Bertke AS. SARS-CoV-2 Rapidly Infects Peripheral Sensory and Autonomic Neurons, Contributing to Central Nervous System Neuroinvasion before Viremia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8245. [PMID: 39125815 PMCID: PMC11311394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological symptoms associated with COVID-19, acute and long term, suggest SARS-CoV-2 affects both the peripheral and central nervous systems (PNS/CNS). Although studies have shown olfactory and hematogenous invasion into the CNS, coinciding with neuroinflammation, little attention has been paid to susceptibility of the PNS to infection or to its contribution to CNS invasion. Here we show that sensory and autonomic neurons in the PNS are susceptible to productive infection with SARS-CoV-2 and outline physiological and molecular mechanisms mediating neuroinvasion. Our infection of K18-hACE2 mice, wild-type mice, and golden Syrian hamsters, as well as primary peripheral sensory and autonomic neuronal cultures, show viral RNA, proteins, and infectious virus in PNS neurons, satellite glial cells, and functionally connected CNS tissues. Additionally, we demonstrate, in vitro, that neuropilin-1 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 neuronal entry. SARS-CoV-2 rapidly invades the PNS prior to viremia, establishes a productive infection in peripheral neurons, and results in sensory symptoms often reported by COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Joyce
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (J.D.J.)
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Greyson A. Moore
- Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Poorna Goswami
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (J.D.J.)
| | - Telvin L. Harrell
- Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Tina M. Taylor
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Seth A. Hawks
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Jillian C. Green
- Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Mo Jia
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Matthew D. Irwin
- Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Emma Leslie
- Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA; (J.D.J.)
| | - Nisha K. Duggal
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Christopher K. Thompson
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Andrea S. Bertke
- Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Arthropod-borne Pathogens, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
- Population Health Sciences, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zirpoli H, Bernis ME, Sabir H, Manual Kollareth DJ, Hamilton JA, Huang N, Ng J, Sosunov SA, Gaebler B, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Omega-3 fatty acid diglyceride emulsions as a novel injectable acute therapeutic in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116749. [PMID: 38761420 PMCID: PMC11156760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), resulting from a lack of blood flow and oxygen before or during newborn delivery, is a leading cause of cerebral palsy and neurological disability in children. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), the current standard of care in HIE, is only beneficial in 1 of 7-8 cases. Therefore, there is a critical need for more efficient treatments. We have previously reported that omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FA) carried by triglyceride (TG) lipid emulsions provide neuroprotection after experimental hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in neonatal mice. Herein, we propose a novel acute therapeutic approach using an n-3 diglyceride (DG) lipid emulsions. Importantly, n-3 DG preparations had much smaller particle size compared to commercially available or lab-made n-3 TG emulsions. We showed that n-3 DG molecules have the advantage of incorporating at substantially higher levels than n-3 TG into an in vitro model of phospholipid membranes. We also observed that n-3 DG after parenteral administration in neonatal mice reaches the bloodstream more rapidly than n-3 TG. Using neonatal HI brain injury models in mice and rats, we found that n-3 DG emulsions provide superior neuroprotection than n-3 TG emulsions or TH in decreasing brain infarct size. Additionally, we found that n-3 DGs attenuate microgliosis and astrogliosis. Thus, n-3 DG emulsions are a superior, promising, and novel therapy for treating HIE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Maria Eugenia Bernis
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, Children's Hospital, University of Bonn, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn 53127, Germany
| | - Denny Joseph Manual Kollareth
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - James A Hamilton
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nasi Huang
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jesse Ng
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sergey A Sosunov
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Brezgunova AA, Andrianova NV, Saidova AA, Potashnikova DM, Abramicheva PA, Manskikh VN, Mariasina SS, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Manzhulo IV, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Synaptamide in Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury and the Role of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 110. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1500. [PMID: 38338779 PMCID: PMC10855239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of drugs for the treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) that could suppress the excessive inflammatory response in damaged kidneys is an important clinical challenge. Recently, synaptamide (N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and neurogenic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of synaptamide in ischemic AKI. For this purpose, we analyzed the expression of inflammatory mediators and the infiltration of different leukocyte populations into the kidney after injury, evaluated the expression of the putative synaptamide receptor G-protein-coupled receptor 110 (GPR110), and isolated a population of CD11b/c+ cells mainly representing neutrophils and macrophages using cell sorting. We also evaluated the severity of AKI during synaptamide therapy and the serum metabolic profile. We demonstrated that synaptamide reduced the level of pro-inflammatory interleukins and the expression of integrin CD11a in kidney tissue after injury. We found that the administration of synaptamide increased the expression of its receptor GPR110 in both total kidney tissue and renal CD11b/c+ cells that was associated with the reduced production of pro-inflammatory interleukins in these cells. Thus, we demonstrated that synaptamide therapy mitigates the inflammatory response in kidney tissue during ischemic AKI, which can be achieved through GPR110 signaling in neutrophils and a reduction in these cells' pro-inflammatory interleukin production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Brezgunova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
| | - Aleena A. Saidova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Daria M. Potashnikova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.S.); (D.M.P.)
| | - Polina A. Abramicheva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
| | - Vasily N. Manskikh
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
| | - Sofia S. Mariasina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research and Educational Resource Center “Pharmacy”, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina B. Pevzner
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ljubava D. Zorova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor V. Manzhulo
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.B.); (N.V.A.); (P.A.A.); (V.N.M.); (I.B.P.); (L.D.Z.); (D.B.Z.)
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Machado CA, Oliveira BDS, Dias TL, Barros JLVMD, Ferreira GMF, Cordeiro TM, Feracin V, Alexandre CH, Abreu LKS, Silva WND, Carvalho BC, Fernandes HDB, Vieira ÉLM, Castro PR, Ferreira RN, Kangussu LM, Franco GR, Guatimosim C, Barcelos LDS, Simões E Silva AC, Toscano ECDB, Rachid MA, Teixeira AL, Miranda ASD. Weight-drop model as a valuable tool to study potential neurobiological processes underlying behavioral and cognitive changes secondary to mild traumatic brain injury. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 385:578242. [PMID: 37951202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) behavioral and cognitive changes is not fully understood, especially in its mild presentation. We designed a weight drop TBI model in mice to investigate the role of neuroinflammation in behavioral and cognitive sequelae following mild TBI. C57BL/6 mice displayed depressive-like behavior at 72 h after mild TBI compared with controls, as indicated by a decrease in the latency to first immobility and climbing time in the forced swim test. Additionally, anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal-associated spatial learning and memory impairment were found in the elevated plus maze and in the Barnes maze, respectively. Levels of a set of inflammatory mediators and neurotrophic factors were analyzed at 6 h, 24 h, 72 h, and 30 days after injury in ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres of the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Principal components analysis revealed two principal components (PC), which represented 59.1% of data variability. PC1 (cytokines and chemokines) expression varied between both hemispheres, while PC2 (neurotrophic factors) expression varied only across the investigated brain areas. Our model reproduces mild TBI-associated clinical signs and pathological features and might be a valuable tool to broaden the knowledge regarding mild TBI pathophysiology as well as to test potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Amaral Machado
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruna da Silva Oliveira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thomaz Lüscher Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Macedo Cordeiro
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Feracin
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristian Henrique Alexandre
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Katharina Sabino Abreu
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Walison Nunes da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Brener Cunha Carvalho
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Heliana de Barros Fernandes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Novaes Ferreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Kangussu
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gloria Regina Franco
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucíola da Silva Barcelos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX.
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Klievik BJ, Tyrrell AD, Chen CT, Bazinet RP. Measuring brain docosahexaenoic acid turnover as a marker of metabolic consumption. Pharmacol Ther 2023:108437. [PMID: 37201738 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) accretion in brain phospholipids is critical for maintaining the structural fluidity that permits proper assembly of protein complexes for signaling. Furthermore, membrane DHA can by released by phospholipase A2 and act as substrate for synthesis of bioactive metabolites that regulate synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Thus, brain DHA is consumed through multiple pathways including mitochondrial β-oxidation, autoxidation to neuroprostanes, as well as enzymatic synthesis of bioactive metabolites including oxylipins, synaptamide, fatty-acid amides, and epoxides. By using models developed by Rapoport and colleagues, brain DHA loss has been estimated to be 0.07-0.26 μmol DHA/g brain/d. Since β-oxidation of DHA in the brain is relatively low, a large portion of brain DHA loss may be attributed to synthesis of autoxidative and bioactive metabolites. In recent years, we have developed a novel application of compound specific isotope analysis to trace DHA metabolism. By the use of natural abundance in 13C-DHA in food supply, we are able to trace brain phospholipid DHA loss in free-living mice with estimates ranging from 0.11 to 0.38 μmol DHA/g brain/d, in reasonable agreement with previous methods. This novel fatty acid metabolic tracing methodology should improve our understanding of the factors that regulate brain DHA metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brinley J Klievik
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Aidan D Tyrrell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Chuck T Chen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.
| |
Collapse
|