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Munir R, Zahoor AF, Nazeer U, Saeed MA, Mansha A, Irfan A, Tariq MU. Gilman reagent toward the synthesis of natural products. RSC Adv 2023; 13:35172-35208. [PMID: 38053693 PMCID: PMC10694855 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With the ever-increasing scope of organocuprates, a well-established Gilman reagent has been considered as an unprecedented synthetic tool in modern organic chemistry. The broad research profile of the Gilman reagent (R2CuLi in THF or Et2O) is owing to its propensity to carry out three kinds of reactions, i.e., epoxide ring opening reactions, 1,4-conjugate addition reactions, and SN2 reactions in a regioselective manner. This review examines the applications of Gilman reagent in the total synthesis of both abundant and scarce natural products of remarkable synthetic pharmaceutical profile reported since 2011. The presented insights will be of a vital roadmap to general organic synthesis and it will contribute to the development of new natural products and their analogues in future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Munir
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Usman Nazeer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston 3585 Cullen Boulevard Texas 77204-5003 USA
| | - Muhammad Athar Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Asim Mansha
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad 38000-Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, King Khalid University P.O. Box 9004 Abha 61413 Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Umair Tariq
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Forman Christian College University Lahore 54600 Pakistan
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Pickett JR, Wu Y, Zacchi LF, Ta HT. Targeting endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 in atherosclerosis: drug discovery and development of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1-directed novel therapeutics. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2278-2293. [PMID: 37595265 PMCID: PMC10597632 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) has been well established as a critical contributor to atherosclerosis and consequently as an attractive therapeutic target for anti-atherosclerotic drug candidates. Many publications have demonstrated that disrupting the VCAM-1 function blocks monocyte infiltration into the sub-endothelial space, which effectively prevents macrophage maturation and foam cell transformation necessary for atherosclerotic lesion formation. Currently, most VCAM-1-inhibiting drug candidates in pre-clinical and clinical testing do not directly target VCAM-1 itself but rather down-regulate its expression by inhibiting upstream cytokines and transcriptional regulators. However, the pleiotropic nature of these regulators within innate immunity means that optimizing dosage to a level that suppresses pathological activity while preserving normal physiological function is extremely challenging and oftentimes infeasible. In recent years, highly specific pharmacological strategies that selectively inhibit VCAM-1 function have emerged, particularly peptide- and antibody-based novel therapeutics. Studies in such VCAM-1-directed therapies so far remain scarce and are limited by the constraints of current experimental atherosclerosis models in accurately representing the complex pathophysiology of the disease. This has prompted the need for a comprehensive review that recounts the evolution of VCAM-1-directed pharmaceuticals and addresses the current challenges in novel anti-atherosclerotic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Pickett
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, West Creek Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Yuao Wu
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, West Creek Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Lucia F Zacchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, the University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Hang T Ta
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre (QMNC), Griffith University, West Creek Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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Fudger A, Cakir OM, Khan Y, Sinclair A, Le Gresley A. Chemical synthesis of a library of natural product-like derivatives based on pinnaic acid and initial evaluation of their anti-cancer activity. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9408-9421. [PMID: 36398757 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01626e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Halichlorine and pinnaic acid have been shown previously to be potent inhibitors of the inflammatory enzymes cPLA2 and VCAM-1 and have also demonstrated some anti-cancer activity. They possess an almost identical azaspirocyclic core consisting of a unique 3-dimensional geometry with four stereocentres, making them compounds of interest for further study to reveal any bioactivity not yet discovered. The azaspirocyclic core was synthesised from an established protocol, from which a small library of novel analogues were synthesised and tested for activity against two cancer cell lines, HeLa and CaCo-2, along with the non-cancerous cell line HaCaT. Eleven compounds were found to be selective for CaCo-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Fudger
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Okan M Cakir
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Yousaf Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Alex Sinclair
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Adam Le Gresley
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, HSSCE Faculty, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, KT1 2EE, UK.
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LI ZR, GU MZ, XU X, ZHANG JH, ZHANG HL, HAN C. Promising natural lysine specific demethylase 1 inhibitors for cancer treatment: advances and outlooks. Chin J Nat Med 2022; 20:241-257. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(22)60141-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Diversity in Chemical Structures and Biological Properties of Plant Alkaloids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113374. [PMID: 34204857 PMCID: PMC8199754 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals belonging to the group of alkaloids are signature specialized metabolites endowed with countless biological activities. Plants are armored with these naturally produced nitrogenous compounds to combat numerous challenging environmental stress conditions. Traditional and modern healthcare systems have harnessed the potential of these organic compounds for the treatment of many ailments. Various chemical entities (functional groups) attached to the central moiety are responsible for their diverse range of biological properties. The development of the characterization of these plant metabolites and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis is of an utmost priority to deliver enhanced advantages in terms of biological properties and productivity. Further, the incorporation of whole/partial metabolic pathways in the heterologous system and/or the overexpression of biosynthetic steps in homologous systems have both become alternative and lucrative methods over chemical synthesis in recent times. Moreover, in-depth research on alkaloid biosynthetic pathways has revealed numerous chemical modifications that occur during alkaloidal conversions. These chemical reactions involve glycosylation, acylation, reduction, oxidation, and methylation steps, and they are usually responsible for conferring the biological activities possessed by alkaloids. In this review, we aim to discuss the alkaloidal group of plant specialized metabolites and their brief classification covering major categories. We also emphasize the diversity in the basic structures of plant alkaloids arising through enzymatically catalyzed structural modifications in certain plant species, as well as their emerging diverse biological activities. The role of alkaloids in plant defense and their mechanisms of action are also briefly discussed. Moreover, the commercial utilization of plant alkaloids in the marketplace displaying various applications has been enumerated.
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Abstract
Marine natural products (MNPs) containing pyrone rings have been isolated
from numerous marine organisms, and also produced by marine fungi and bacteria, particularly,
actinomycetes. They constitute a versatile structure unit of bioactive natural
products that exhibit various biological activities such as antibiotic, antifungal, cytotoxic,
neurotoxic, phytotoxic and anti-tyrosinase. The two structure isomers of pyrone ring are γ-
pyrone and α-pyrone. In terms of chemical motif, γ-pyrone is the vinologous form of α-
pyrone which possesses a lactone ring. Actinomycete bacteria are responsible for the production
of several α-pyrone compounds such as elijopyrones A-D, salinipyrones and violapyrones
etc. to name a few. A class of pyrone metabolites, polypropionates which have
fascinating carbon skeleton, is primarily produced by marine molluscs. Interestingly, some
of the pyrone polytketides which are found in cone snails are actually synthesized by actinomycete bacteria.
Several pyrone derivatives have been obtained from marine fungi such as Aspergillums flavus, Altenaria sp.,
etc. The γ-pyrone derivative namely, kojic acid obtained from Aspergillus fungus has high commercial demand
and finds various applications. Kojic acid and its derivative displayed inhibition of tyrosinase activity and, it is
also extensively used as a ligand in coordination chemistry. Owing to their commercial and biological significance,
the synthesis of pyrone containing compounds has been given attention over the past years. Few reviews
on the total synthesis of pyrone containing natural products namely, polypropionate metabolites have been reported.
However, these reviews skipped other marine pyrone metabolites and also omitted discussion on isolation
and detailed biological activities. This review presents a brief account of the isolation of marine metabolites
containing a pyrone ring and their reported bio-activities. Further, the review covers the synthesis of marine
pyrone metabolites such as cyercene-A, placidenes, onchitriol-I, onchitriol-II, crispatene, photodeoxytrichidione,
(-) membrenone-C, lihualide-B, macrocyclic enol ethers and auripyrones-A & B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisham S. Singh
- Bio-organic Chemistry Laboratory, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula-403004, Goa, India
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Barbosa F, Pinto E, Kijjoa A, Pinto M, Sousa E. Targeting antimicrobial drug resistance with marine natural products. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2020; 56:106005. [PMID: 32387480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The rise and spread of antimicrobial resistance represents one of the most pressing health issues of today. Antimicrobial resistance in micro-organisms can arise due to a multiplicity of factors, including permeability changes in the cell membrane, increase of drug efflux pumps, enzymatic modification or inactivation of the antibiotic, target site modification, alternative metabolic pathways and biofilm formation. The marine environment is a valuable source of diverse natural products with a huge variety of biological activities. Among them, antimicrobial compounds show promising biological activities against numerous drug-resistant bacteria and fungi, making marine natural products a very promising resource in the search for novel antimicrobial agents. This review summarises the state-of-art of marine natural products with antibacterial and antifungal properties against drug-resistant micro-organisms. These natural products were categorised based on their chemical structure, and their respective sources and activities are highlighted. The chemical diversity associated with these marine-derived molecules is enormous, including peptides, polyketides, alkaloids, sterols, terpenoids, lactones, halogenated compounds, nucleosides, etc., some of which have rare substructures. Some of the marine compounds mentioned do not have intrinsic antimicrobial activity but potentiate the antimicrobial effect of other antimicrobials via inhibition of efflux pumps. Although these agents are still in preclinical studies, evidence of their in vivo efficacy suggest research of new drugs from the ocean to overcome antimicrobial resistance in order to fulfil an unmet medical need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Barbosa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Pinto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Verma A, Barua A, Ruvindy R, Savela H, Ajani PA, Murray SA. The Genetic Basis of Toxin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E222. [PMID: 31362398 PMCID: PMC6722697 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7080222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, dinoflagellates can become highly abundant and even dominant at times, despite their comparatively slow growth rates. One factor that may play a role in their ecological success is the production of complex secondary metabolite compounds that can have anti-predator, allelopathic, or other toxic effects on marine organisms, and also cause seafood poisoning in humans. Our knowledge about the genes involved in toxin biosynthesis in dinoflagellates is currently limited due to the complex genomic features of these organisms. Most recently, the sequencing of dinoflagellate transcriptomes has provided us with valuable insights into the biosynthesis of polyketide and alkaloid-based toxin molecules in dinoflagellate species. This review synthesizes the recent progress that has been made in understanding the evolution, biosynthetic pathways, and gene regulation in dinoflagellates with the aid of transcriptomic and other molecular genetic tools, and provides a pathway for future studies of dinoflagellates in this exciting omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Verma
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia.
| | - Abanti Barua
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Chittagong 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Rendy Ruvindy
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Henna Savela
- Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Penelope A Ajani
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
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Odhiambo BO, Xu G, Qian G, Liu F. Evidence of an Unidentified Extracellular Heat-Stable Factor Produced by Lysobacter enzymogenes (OH11) that Degrade Fusarium graminearum PH1 Hyphae. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:437-448. [PMID: 28213660 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysobacter enzymogenes OH11 produces heat-stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and lytic enzymes possessing antifungal activity. This study bio-prospected for other potential antifungal factors besides those above. The cells and extracellular metabolites of L. enzymogenes OH11 and the mutants ΔchiA, ΔchiB, ΔchiC, Δclp, Δpks, and ΔpilA were examined for antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum PH1, the causal agent of Fusarium head blight (FHB). Results evidenced that OH11 produces an unidentified extracellular heat-stable degrading metabolite (HSDM) that exhibit degrading activity on F. graminearum PH1 chitinous hyphae. Interestingly, both heat-treated and non-heat-treated extracellular metabolites of OH11 mutants exhibited hyphae-degrading activity against F. graminearum PH1. Enzyme activity detection of heat-treated metabolites ruled out the possibility of enzyme degradation activity. Remarkably, the PKS-NRPS-deficient mutant Δpks cannot produce HSAF or analogues, yet its metabolites exhibited hyphae-degrading activity. HPLC analysis confirmed no HSAF production by Δpks. Δclp lacks hyphae-degrading ability. Therefore, clp regulates HSDM and extracellular lytic enzymes production in L. enzymogenes OH11. ΔpilA had impaired surface cell motility and significantly reduced antagonistic properties. ΔchiA, ΔchiB, and ΔchiC retained hyphae-degrading ability, despite having reduced abilities to produce chitinase enzymes. Ultimately, L. enzymogenes OH11 can produce other unidentified HSDM independent of the PKS-NRPS genes. This suggests HSAF and lytic enzymes production are a fraction of the antifungal mechanisms in OH11. Characterization of HSDM, determination of its biosynthetic gene cluster and understanding its mode of action will provide new leads in the search for effective drugs for FHB management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaoge Xu
- College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Guoliang Qian
- College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Domagala A, Jarosz T, Lapkowski M. Living on pyrrolic foundations – Advances in natural and artificial bioactive pyrrole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:176-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Moura RM, Melo AA, Carneiro RF, Rodrigues CR, Delatorre P, Nascimento KS, Saker-Sampaio S, Nagano CS, Cavada BS, Sampaio AH. Hemagglutinating/Hemolytic activities in extracts of marine invertebrates from the Brazilian coast and isolation of two lectins from the marine sponge Cliona varians and the sea cucumber Holothuria grisea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:973-84. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Twenty species of marine invertebrates from the Brazilian coast were screened for hemagglutinating/hemolytic activity. In at least twelve tested species, hemagglutinating activity was different for different blood types, suggesting the presence of lectins. Extracts from four species showed hemolytic activity. Two new lectins were purified from the marine sponge Cliona varians (CvL-2) and sea cucumber Holothuria grisea (HGL). CvL-2 was able to agglutinate rabbit erythrocytes and was inhibited by galactosides. The hemagglutinating activity was optimal in pH neutral and temperatures below 70 °C. CvL-2 is a trimeric protein with subunits of 175 kDa. On the other hand, HGL showed both hemagglutinating and hemolytic activity in human and rabbit erythrocytes, but hemolysis could be inhibited by osmotic protection, and agglutination was inhibited by mucin. HGL was stable in pH values ranging from 4 to 10 and temperatures up to 90 °C. In electrophoresis and gel filtration, HGL was a monomeric protein with 15 kDa. CvL-2 and HGL showed different levels of toxicity to Artemia naplii. CvL-2 showed LC50 of 850.1 μg/mL, whereas HGL showed LC50 of 9.5 µg/mL.
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New oxidized zoanthamines from a Canary Islands Zoanthus sp. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:5188-96. [PMID: 25317536 PMCID: PMC4210893 DOI: 10.3390/md12105188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new norzoanthamine-type alkaloids, named 2-hydroxy-11-ketonorzoanthamide B (1), norzoanthamide B (2) and 15-hydroxynorzoanthamine (3), were isolated from Zoanthus sp. specimens collected at the Canary Islands. Their structures were determined by interpretation of NMR and HR-ESIMS data. Relative configurations of their chiral centers were proposed on the basis of ROESY spectra and by comparison of their spectroscopic data with those of the well-known compound, norzoanthamine.
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Van Wagoner RM, Satake M, Wright JLC. Polyketide biosynthesis in dinoflagellates: what makes it different? Nat Prod Rep 2014; 31:1101-37. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Bekkaye M, Masson G. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate mediated three-component α-allylation of imine surrogates. Org Lett 2014; 16:1510-3. [PMID: 24568134 DOI: 10.1021/ol5004143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A general and practical CAN-mediated oxidative radical α-coupling reaction of various imine surrogates with allylsilanes has been described. This multicomponent process affords β-allylated α-carbamido ethers as stable imine precursors in respectable yields under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Bekkaye
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS , 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Balakrishnan B, Indap MM, Singh SP, Krishna CM, Chiplunkar SV. Turbo methanol extract inhibits bone resorption through regulation of T cell function. Bone 2014; 58:114-25. [PMID: 24140785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms have bioactive potential which has tremendous pharmaceutical promise. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of the interplay between bone and the immune system of which T lymphocytes and their product act as key regulators of bone resorption. In the present investigation we have analyzed the anti-osteoporotic effect of turbo methanol extract (TME) in the reversal of bone resoprtion. Forty-two female Swiss albino mice were used and randomly assigned into sham-operated group (sham) and six ovariectomized (OVX) subgroups, i.e. OVX with vehicle (OVX) that received daily oral administration of water ad libitum; OVX with estradiol (2mg/kg/day); and OVX with different doses of TME i.e. TME 100mg/kg, TME 50mg/kg, TME 25mg/kg and TME 12.5mg/kg. Oral administration of TME or estradiol started on the second week after ovariectomy for a period of 4weeks. We observed that the administration of TME increased the trabeculation in tibia and reduced the atrophy in the uterus. TME significantly decreased the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in OVX mice. Micro CT analysis revealed that the TME administration preserved the bone volume, connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular thickness and trabecular separation in OVX mice. Bone mineralization was measured in different groups of mice by Raman spectroscopy. Reversal of bone resorption was observed in TME treated group of mice. To further investigate the mechanism of action of TME, we analyzed the T lymphocyte proliferation and profiles of cytokine TNFα and sRANKL in TME treated ovariectomized mice. Decrease in the elevation of T cell subsets was observed after the supplementation with TME. The extract significantly lowered the T cell proliferation responses to mitogens, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin (Io) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). A marked reduction in TNFα and sRANKL secretion in serum and TNFα in cell free supernatants of activated T lymphocytes was observed upon TME administration. TME could significantly inhibit the in vitro osteoclastogenesis and the bone resorption observed using artificial calcium coated slides. Collectively, these results indicate that TME has the potential to inhibit bone resorption and may prove to be a potential candidate for the development of an anti-osteoporosis drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Balakrishnan
- Department of Zoology, The D. G. Ruparel College, Mahim, Mumbai 40016, India
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Fumigaclavine C from a marine-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:5063-86. [PMID: 24351905 PMCID: PMC3877903 DOI: 10.3390/md11125063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been given to discovering natural compounds as potent anti-cancer candidates. In the present study, the anti-cancer effects of fumigaclavine C, isolated from a marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus, was evaluated in vitro. In order to investigate the impact of fumigaclavine C on inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in breast cancer, MCF-7 cells were treated with various concentrations of fumigaclavine C, and fumigaclavine C showed significant cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cells. Anti-proliferation was analyzed via cell mobility and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. In addition, fumigaclavine C showed potent inhibition on the protein and gene level expressions of MMP-2, -9 in MCF-7 cells which were manifested in Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results. The apoptosis induction abilities of the fumigaclvine C was studied by analyzing the expression of apoptosis related proteins, cell cycle analysis, DNA fragmentation and molecular docking studies. It was found that fumigaclavine C fragmented the MCF-7 cell DNA and arrested the cell cycle by modulating the apoptotic protein expressions. Moreover, fumigaclavine C significantly down-regulated the NF-kappa-B cell survival pathway. Collectively, data suggest that fumigaclavine C has a potential to be developed as a therapeutic candidate for breast cancer.
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Xu S, Unabara D, Uemura D, Arimoto H. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pinnaic Acid and Halichlorine. Chem Asian J 2013; 9:367-75. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201301248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Geiger M, Desanglois G, Hogeveen K, Fessard V, Leprêtre T, Mondeguer F, Guitton Y, Hervé F, Séchet V, Grovel O, Pouchus YF, Hess P. Cytotoxicity, fractionation and dereplication of extracts of the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum, a producer of pinnatoxin G. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:3350-71. [PMID: 24002102 PMCID: PMC3806473 DOI: 10.3390/md11093350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pinnatoxin G (PnTX-G) is a marine toxin belonging to the class of cyclic imines and produced by the dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum. In spite of its strong toxicity to mice, leading to the classification of pinnatoxins into the class of “fast-acting toxins”, its hazard for human health has never been demonstrated. In this study, crude extracts of V. rugosum exhibited significant cytotoxicity against Neuro2A and KB cells. IC50 values of 0.38 µg mL−1 and 0.19 µg mL−1 were estimated on Neuro2A cells after only 24 h of incubation and on KB cells after 72 h of incubation, respectively. In the case of Caco-2 cells 48 h after exposure, the crude extract of V. rugosum induced cell cycle arrest accompanied by a dramatic increase in double strand DNA breaks, although only 40% cytotoxicity was observed at the highest concentration tested (5 µg mL−1). However, PnTX-G was not a potent cytotoxic compound as no reduction of the cell viability was observed on the different cell lines. Moreover, no effects on the cell cycle or DNA damage were observed following treatment of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells with PnTX-G. The crude extract of V. rugosum was thus partially purified using liquid-liquid partitioning and SPE clean-up. In vitro assays revealed strong activity of some fractions containing no PnTX-G. The crude extract and the most potent fraction were evaluated using full scan and tandem high resolution mass spectrometry. The dereplication revealed the presence of a major compound that could be putatively annotated as nakijiquinone A, N-carboxy-methyl-smenospongine or stachybotrin A, using the MarinLit™ database. Further investigations will be necessary to confirm the identity of the compounds responsible for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the extracts of V. rugosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Geiger
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
- MMS EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; E-Mails: (O.G.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Gwenaëlle Desanglois
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, ANSES, 35302 Fougères, France; E-Mails: (G.D.); (K.H.); (V.F.)
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, ANSES, 35302 Fougères, France; E-Mails: (G.D.); (K.H.); (V.F.)
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, ANSES, 35302 Fougères, France; E-Mails: (G.D.); (K.H.); (V.F.)
| | - Thomas Leprêtre
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
- MMS EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; E-Mails: (O.G.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Florence Mondeguer
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Yann Guitton
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
- MMS EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; E-Mails: (O.G.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Fabienne Hervé
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Véronique Séchet
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
| | - Olivier Grovel
- MMS EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; E-Mails: (O.G.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Yves-François Pouchus
- MMS EA2160, Faculté de Pharmacie, LUNAM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; E-Mails: (O.G.); (Y.-F.P.)
| | - Philipp Hess
- Ifremer, Laboratoire Phycotoxines, Centre Atlantique, 44311 Nantes Cedex, France; E-Mails: (M.G.); (T.L.); (F.M.); (Y.G.); (F.H.); (V.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +33-240-374-257; Fax: +33-240-374-267
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Gao C, Yi X, Huang R, Yan F, He B, Chen B. Alkaloids from Corals. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1435-47. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Leone A, Lecci RM, Durante M, Piraino S. Extract from the zooxanthellate jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata modulates gap junction intercellular communication in human cell cultures. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:1728-62. [PMID: 23697954 PMCID: PMC3707171 DOI: 10.3390/md11051728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
On a global scale, jellyfish populations in coastal marine ecosystems exhibit increasing trends of abundance. High-density outbreaks may directly or indirectly affect human economical and recreational activities, as well as public health. As the interest in biology of marine jellyfish grows, a number of jellyfish metabolites with healthy potential, such as anticancer or antioxidant activities, is increasingly reported. In this study, the Mediterranean “fried egg jellyfish” Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) has been targeted in the search forputative valuable bioactive compounds. A medusa extract was obtained, fractionated, characterized by HPLC, GC-MS and SDS-PAGE and assayed for its biological activity on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKa). The composition of the jellyfish extract included photosynthetic pigments, valuable ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, and polypeptides derived either from jellyfish tissues and their algal symbionts. Extract fractions showed antioxidant activity and the ability to affect cell viability and intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions (GJIC) differentially in MCF-7and HEKa cells. A significantly higher cytotoxicity and GJIC enhancement in MCF-7 compared to HEKa cells was recorded. A putative action mechanism for the anticancer bioactivity through the modulation of GJIC has been hypothesized and its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Leone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Unit of Lecce (CNR, ISPA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mails: (R.M.L.); (M.D.)
- CoNISMa, National Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Local Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +39-0832-422-615; Fax: +39-0832-422-620
| | - Raffaella Marina Lecci
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Unit of Lecce (CNR, ISPA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mails: (R.M.L.); (M.D.)
- CoNISMa, National Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Local Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mail:
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Unit of Lecce (CNR, ISPA), Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mails: (R.M.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Stefano Piraino
- CoNISMa, National Interuniversity Consortium on Marine Sciences, Local Unit of Lecce, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy; E-Mail:
- University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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Abstract
This contribution contains a representative sampling from the Padwa laboratory of the conjugate addition of oximes with 2,3-bis(phenylsulfonyl)-1,3-butadiene followed by a subsequent dipolar cycloaddition cascade to produce a variety of alkaloids. The resulting cycloadducts are cleaved reductively to provide azapolycyclic scaffolds with strategically placed functionality for further manipulation of the target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Padwa
- 1Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Ayed Y, Bousabbeh M, Mabrouk HB, Morjen M, Marrakchi N, Bacha H. Impairment of the cell-to-matrix adhesion and cytotoxicity induced by the Mediterranean jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca venom and its fractions in cultured glioblastoma cells. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:84. [PMID: 22741917 PMCID: PMC3537653 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The biodiversity of the marine environment and the associated chemical diversity constitute a practically unlimited source of new active substances in the field of the development of bioactive products. In our study, we have investigated the efficiency of the venom from the Mediterranean jellyfish, Pelagia noctiluca and its fractions for anti-proliferative and anti-cell adhesion to cell–extracellular matrix activities. Results Our experiments have indicated that the separation of the Mediterranean jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca crude venom extract by sephadex G-75 chromatography led to four fractions (F1, F2, F3, and F4). Among the four fractions F1 and F3 were cytotoxic against U87 cells with IC50 values of 125 and 179 μg/ml respectively. The venom, F1, F2 and F 3 showed significant anti-proliferative activity in time-dependent manner. Our results also suggest that these fractions and the venom are able to inhibit cell adhesion to fibrinogen in dose-dependent manner. This inhibition is reliant on its ability to interact with integrins. Conclusions To conclude, we have demonstrated for the first time that Pelagia noctiluca venom and its fractions especially (F1 and F2) display potent anti-tumoral properties. Separation by sephadex G-75 chromatography give rise to more active fractions than the crude venom extract. The purification and the determination of chemical structures of compounds of these active fractions are under investigation. Overall, Pelagia noctiluca venom may has the potential to serve as a template for future anticancer-drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ayed
- Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dentistry, Rue Avicenne, Monastir 5019, Tunisia
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Abstract
Toxic substances that occur in nature have various structures and functions. In fact, the very novelty of their structures and functions sometimes extends far beyond the realm of human imagination, and the capabilities of these compounds are still largely untapped despite the major advances of modern science. In this report we focus on the most recent developments in this field, with a particular emphasis on natural venoms, marine sunscreen, and marine huge molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uemura
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Chunguang Han
- 2Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Novriyandi Hanif
- 2Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Inuzuka
- 3Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Norihito Maru
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Tsuchiya 2946, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Arimoto
- 4Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Sendai, 981-8555, Japan
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Gignoux C, Newton AF, Barthelme A, Lewis W, Alcaraz ML, Stockman RA. Combining two-directional synthesis and tandem reactions: a short formal synthesis of halichlorine. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:67-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06380d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Otero A, Chapela MJ, Atanassova M, Vieites JM, Cabado AG. Cyclic Imines: Chemistry and Mechanism of Action: A Review. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:1817-29. [DOI: 10.1021/tx200182m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xu S, Yoshimura H, Maru N, Ohno O, Arimoto H, Uemura D. Pinnarine, another member of the halichlorine family. Isolation and preparation from pinnaic acid. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:1323-1326. [PMID: 21410164 DOI: 10.1021/np200031d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pinnarine (1), a new macrocyclic alkaloid, was isolated from the black marine sponge Halichondria okadai. The structure was elucidated on the basis of 2D NMR and comparison with the spectra of the co-isolated known halichlorine. Further confirmation of the structure and the absolute configuration was validated by a synthetic method from authentic pinnaic acid and CD analysis. The isolation of pinnarine also suggested a biogenetic pathway from pinnaic acid to halichlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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Nguyen TX, Dakanali M, Trzoss L, Theodorakis EA. Enantioselective synthesis of the ABC ring motif of norzoanthamine based on asymmetric Robinson annulation reactions. Org Lett 2011; 13:3308-11. [PMID: 21615125 DOI: 10.1021/ol200966z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective strategy for the synthesis of tetracyclic motif 5, representing the northern fragment of norzoanthamine, is presented. Key to the strategy is the use of two asymmetric Robinson annulation reactions that produce the tricyclic ABC ring system with excellent stereoselectivity. Further functionalization at the periphery of the C ring produces compound 5 containing six contiguous stereocenters of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thong X Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0358, La Jolla, California 92093-0358, USA
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Carbone M, Li Y, Irace C, Mollo E, Castelluccio F, Di Pascale A, Cimino G, Santamaria R, Guo YW, Gavagnin M. Structure and Cytotoxicity of Phidianidines A and B: First Finding of 1,2,4-Oxadiazole System in a Marine Natural Product. Org Lett 2011; 13:2516-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ol200234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Carlo Irace
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Francesco Castelluccio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Antonio Di Pascale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Guido Cimino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Rita Santamaria
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Na), Italy, Dipartimento di Farmacologia Sperimentale, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università ‘Federico II’ di Napoli, Italy, and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Beaumont S, Ilardi EA, Tappin NDC, Zakarian A. Marine Toxins with Spiroimine Rings: Total Synthesis of Pinnatoxin A. European J Org Chem 2010; 2010:5743-5765. [PMID: 21461316 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This microreview provides a compilation of synthetic approaches and total syntheses of pinnatoxin A in a survey of the literature up to early 2010. Pinnatoxin A is the first discovered and representative member of a fascinating group of potent marine toxins that share a spiroimine subunit as a unifying structural element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Beaumont
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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31
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Recent aspects of chemical ecology: Natural toxins, coral communities, and symbiotic relationships. PURE APPL CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1351/pac-con-08-08-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new ecologically active compounds often triggers the development of basic scientific concepts in the field of biological sciences, since such compounds have direct physiological and behavioral effects on other living organisms. We have focused on the identification of natural key compounds that control biologically and physiologically intriguing phenomena. We describe three recent aspects of chemical ecology that we have investigated: natural toxins, coral communities, and symbiotic relationships. Blarina toxin (BLTX) is a lethal mammalian venom that was isolated from the short-tailed shrew. Duck-billed platypus venom shows potent Ca2+ influx in neuroblastoma cells. The venom of the solitary wasp contains arginine kinase-like protein and is used to paralyze its prey to feed its larva. The ecological behaviors of corals are controlled by combinations of small molecules. The polyol compound symbiodinolide may serve as a defense substance for symbiotic dinoflagellates to prevent digestion of their host animals. These compounds reveal the wonder of nature, in both terrestrial and marine ecological systems.
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Safaeian S, Hosseini H, Abbas Pour Asadolah A, Farmohamadi S. Antimicrobial activity of marine sponge extracts of offshore zone from Nay Band Bay, Iran. J Mycol Med 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Behenna DC, Stockdill JL, Stoltz BM. The biology and chemistry of the zoanthamine alkaloids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2365-86. [PMID: 18307180 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Marine natural products have long played an important role in natural products chemistry and drug discovery. Mirroring the rich variety and complicated interactions of the marine environment, the substances isolated from sea creatures tend to be incredibly diverse in both molecular structure and biological activity. The natural products isolated from the polyps of marine zoanthids are no exception. The zoanthamine alkaloids, the first of which were isolated over 20 years ago, are of particular interest to the synthetic community because they feature a novel structural framework and exhibit a broad range of biological activities. In this Review, we summarize the major contributions to understanding the zoanthamine natural products with regard to their isolation and structure determination, as well as studies on their biological activity and total synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Behenna
- The Arnold and Mabel Beckman Laboratories of Chemical Synthesis, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, MC 164-30, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Behenna D, Stockdill J, Stoltz B. Biologie und Chemie der Zoanthamin-Alkaloide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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36
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Revised structure of kasarin, an antibacterial pyrazinone compound from the marine microorganism Hyphomycetes sp. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Uemura D. Bioorganic studies on marine natural products--diverse chemical structures and bioactivities. CHEM REC 2007; 6:235-48. [PMID: 17099881 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of new molecules contributes to the development of basic scientific concepts, leads to valuable drug-oriented compounds, and suggests possible new pharmacological reagents. Newly discovered substances can even be responsible for the creation of new scientific fields. Due to the radically different habitats of marine organisms, several notable examples of secondary metabolites from marine organisms have been isolated. Two of the most remarkable properties of these compounds are their structural and physiological diversities. These bioactive compounds are candidates for drugs or biological probes for physiological studies. Palytoxin is a polyol compound that shows extreme acute toxicity. Halichondrins are remarkable antitumor macrolides from sponge. Pinnatoxins, potent shellfish poisons, cause food poisoning. This paper describes bioorganic studies on such newly discovered wonders of nature. Several bioactive marine alkaloids and important substances involved in dynamic ecological systems are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Uemura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
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R. Williams D, Patnaik S, S. Cortez G. Studies of Zoanthamine Alkaloids. A General Scheme for the Preparation of Functionalized 8-Oxa-6-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. HETEROCYCLES 2007. [DOI: 10.3987/com-07-s(k)61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Pelc MJ, Zakarian A. Synthesis of the A,G-spiroimine of pinnatoxins by a microwave-assisted tandem Claisen–Mislow–Evans rearrangement. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the literature published in 2004 for marine natural products, with 693 citations (491 for the period January to December 2004) referring to compounds isolated from marine microorganisms and phytoplankton, green algae, brown algae, red algae, sponges, coelenterates, bryozoans, molluscs, tunicates and echinoderms. The emphasis is on new compounds (716 for 2004), together with their relevant biological activities, source organisms and country of origin. Biosynthetic studies (8), and syntheses (80), including those that lead to the revision of structures or stereochemistries, have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Abstract
In our ongoing search for bioactive metabolites from marine organisms, novel shellfish poisons have been isolated. Pinnatoxins, which are amphoteric polyether compounds, were purified from the Okinawan bivalve Pinna muricata. Pinnatoxins show acute toxicity against mice and activate Ca2+ channels. Two novel alkaloids, pinnamine and pinnaic acid, were also obtained from P. muricata. Pinnaic acid inhibits cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA2). Pteriatoxins, which are pinnatoxin analogs, were isolated from the Okinawan bivalve Pteria penguin. A nanomole-order structure determination of pteriatoxins was achieved by the detailed analysis of 2D-NMR and ESI-TOF MS/MS. This review covers the isolation, structure determination, bioactivity, synthesis, and biogenesis of these shellfish poisons and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa 464-8602 Nagoya, Japan
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R. Williams D, C. Ihle D, A. Brugel T, Patnaik S. Investigations of Pd-Catalyzed Aryl Substitution Reactions. A Case Study towards Zoanthenol. HETEROCYCLES 2006. [DOI: 10.3987/com-06-s(w)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hjelmgaard T, Søtofte I, Tanner D. Total synthesis of pinnamine and anatoxin-a via a common intermediate. A caveat on the anatoxin-a endgame. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5688-97. [PMID: 15989354 DOI: 10.1021/jo0506682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] This paper describes the total synthesis of the naturally occurring alkaloids pinnamine (1) and anatoxin-a (2) from a common enantiomerically pure intermediate (7) easily available from pyroglutamic acid. The synthesis of enantiopure pinnamine proceeded in 10 steps and 4.8% overall yield, and the route was flexible enough to allow stereocontrolled access to a non-natural congener (5-epi-pinnamine) of the natural product. Intramolecular reaction of an N-acyl iminium ion was a key step in the synthesis of both pinnamine and anatoxin-a. However, in stark contrast to literature precedent, complete racemization was observed during the reaction of the N-acyliminium ion leading to the latter alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hjelmgaard
- Department of Chemistry, Buildings 201 and 207, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Nielsen TE, Quement SL, Juhl M, Tanner D. Cu-mediated Stille reactions of sterically congested fragments: towards the total synthesis of zoanthamine. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kita M, Uemura D. Iminium Alkaloids from Marine Invertebrates: Structure, Biological Activity, and Biogenesis. CHEM LETT 2005. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2005.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Michael
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, 2050, South Africa.
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Bioactive Marine Alkaloids. BIOACTIVE MARINE NATURAL PRODUCTS 2005. [PMCID: PMC7121703 DOI: 10.1007/1-4020-3484-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The chapter deals with bioactive marine alkaloids. The chemistry and biological activities of pyridoacridines, pyrroloacridines, indoles, β-carbolines, pyrroles, isoquinolines, and tyrosine derived alkaloids have been discussed and reviewed.
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