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Liang S, Wang X, Sun S, Xie L, Dang X. Extraction of chitin from flammulina velutipes waste: A low-concentration acid pretreatment and aspergillus iger fermentation approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133224. [PMID: 38897518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, with the booming of the edible mushroom industry, chitin production has become increasingly dependent on fungi and other non-traditional sources. Fungal chitin has advantages including superior performance, simpler separation processes, abundant raw materials, and the absence of shellfish allergens. As a kind of edible mushroom, flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) also has the advantages of wide source and large annual yield. This provided the possibility for the extraction of chitin. Here, a procedure to extract chitin from F. velutipes waste be presented. This method comprises low-concentration acid pretreatment coupled with consolidated bioprocessing with Aspergillus niger. Characterization by SEM, FTIR, XRD, NMR, and TGA confirmed that the extracted chitin was β-chitin. To achieve optimal fermentation of F. velutipes waste (80 g/L), ammonium sulfate and glucose were selected as nitrogen and carbon sources (5 g/L), with a fermentation time of 5 days. The extracted chitin could be further deacetylated and purified to obtain high-purity chitosan (99.2 % ± 1.07 %). This chitosan exhibited a wide degree of deacetylation (50.0 % ± 1.33 % - 92.1 % ± 0.97 %) and a molecular weight distribution of 92-192 kDa. Notably, the yield of chitosan extracted in this study was increased by 56.3 % ± 0.47 % compared to the traditional chemical extraction method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China.
| | - Siwei Sun
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Long Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, PR China
| | - Xugang Dang
- Institute of Biomass and Function Materials & National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, College of Bioresources Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, PR China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High-Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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2
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Celebi Ö, Bahadir T, Şimşek İ, Aydın F, Kahve Hİ, Tulun Ş, Büyük F, Celebi H. Surface defects due to bacterial residue on shrimp shell. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130353. [PMID: 38403225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The changes in the surface chemistry and morphological structure of chitin forms obtained from shrimp shells (ShpS) with and without microorganisms were evaluated. Total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), estimated Pseudomonas spp. and Enterococcus spp. were counted in Shp-S by classical cultural counting on agar medium, where the counts were 6.56 ± 0.09, 6.30 ± 0.12, and 3.15 ± 0.03 CFU/g, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)/Energy dispersed X-ray (EDX) were used to assess the surface chemistry/functional groups and morphological structure for ChTfree (non-microorganism), and ChTmo (with microorganisms). ChTfree FTIR spectra presented a detailed chitin structure by OH, NH, and CO stretching vibrations, whereas specific peaks of chitin could not be detected in ChTmo. Major differences were also found in SEM analysis for ChTfree and ChTmo. ChTfree had a flat, prominent micropore, partially homogeneous structure, while ChTmo had a layered, heterogeneous, complex dense fibrous, and lost pores form. The degree of deacetylation was calculated for ChTfree and ChTmo according to FTIR and EDX data. The results suggest that the degree of deacetylation decreases in the presence of microorganisms, affecting the production of beneficial components negatively. The findings were also supported by the molecular docking model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özgür Celebi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafkas University, 36000 Kars, Turkey
| | - Tolga Bahadir
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - İsmail Şimşek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Furkan Aydın
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Halil İbrahim Kahve
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Şevket Tulun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Büyük
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafkas University, 36000 Kars, Turkey
| | - Hakan Celebi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Aksaray University, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey.
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Linh NV, Lubis AR, Dinh-Hung N, Wannavijit S, Montha N, Fontana CM, Lengkidworraphiphat P, Srinual O, Jung WK, Paolucci M, Doan HV. Effects of Shrimp Shell-Derived Chitosan on Growth, Immunity, Intestinal Morphology, and Gene Expression of Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus) Reared in a Biofloc System. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:150. [PMID: 38667767 PMCID: PMC11050815 DOI: 10.3390/md22040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan (CH) shows great potential as an immunostimulatory feed additive in aquaculture. This study evaluates the effects of varying dietary CH levels on the growth, immunity, intestinal morphology, and antioxidant status of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in a biofloc system. Tilapia fingerlings (mean weight 13.54 ± 0.05 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0 (CH0), 5 (CH5), 10 (CH10), 20 (CH20), and 40 (CH40) mL·kg-1 of CH for 8 weeks. Parameters were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Their final weight was not affected by CH supplementation, but CH at 10 mL·kg-1 significantly improved weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) compared to the control (p < 0.05) at 8 weeks. Skin mucus lysozyme and peroxidase activities were lower in the chitosan-treated groups at weeks 4 and 8. Intestinal villi length and width were enhanced by 10 and 20 mL·kg-1 CH compared to the control. However, 40 mL·kg-1 CH caused detrimental impacts on the villi and muscular layer. CH supplementation, especially 5-10 mL·kg-1, increased liver and intestinal expressions of interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8), LPS-binding protein (LBP), glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST-α) compared to the control group. Overall, dietary CH at 10 mL·kg-1 can effectively promote growth, intestinal morphology, innate immunity, and antioxidant capacity in Nile tilapia fingerlings reared in biofloc systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Vu Linh
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anisa Rilla Lubis
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Nguyen Dinh-Hung
- Aquaculture Pathology Laboratory, School of Animal & Comparative Biochemical Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Supreya Wannavijit
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Napatsorn Montha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Camilla Maria Fontana
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
| | - Phattawin Lengkidworraphiphat
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Orranee Srinual
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marina Paolucci
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.V.L.); (S.W.); (N.M.); (C.M.F.); (O.S.)
- Functional Feed Innovation Center (FuncFeed), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Wang J, Duan X, Zhong D, Zhang M, Li J, Hu Z, Han F. Pharmaceutical applications of chitosan in skin regeneration: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129064. [PMID: 38161006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Skin regeneration is the process that restores damaged tissues. When the body experiences trauma or surgical incisions, the skin and tissues on the wound surface become damaged. The body repairs this damage through complex physiological processes to restore the original structural and functional states of the affected tissues. Chitosan, a degradable natural bioactive polysaccharide, has attracted widespread attention partly owing to its excellent biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties; additionally, a modified form of this compound has been shown to promote skin regeneration. This review evaluates the recent research progress in the application of chitosan to promote skin regeneration. First, we discuss the basic principles of the extraction and preparation processes of chitosan from its source. Subsequently, we describe the functional properties of chitosan and the optimization of these properties through modification. We then focus on the existing chitosan-based biomaterials developed for clinical applications and their corresponding effects on skin regeneration, particularly in cases of diabetic and burn wounds. Finally, we explore the challenges and prospects associated with the use of chitosan in skin regeneration. Overall, this review provides a reference for related research and contributes to the further development of chitosan-based products in cutaneous skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xunxin Duan
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Donghuo Zhong
- Medical college of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Li
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Feng Han
- Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, China; Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang 332000, Jiangxi, China.
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Dinculescu DD, Apetroaei MR, Gîjiu CL, Anton M, Enache L, Schröder V, Isopescu R, Rău I. Simultaneous Optimization of Deacetylation Degree and Molar Mass of Chitosan from Shrimp Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:170. [PMID: 38256969 PMCID: PMC10820840 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp waste is a valuable source for chitin extraction and consequently for chitosan preparation. In the process of obtaining chitosan, a determining step is the chitin deacetylation. The main characteristic of chitosan is the degree of deacetylation, which must be as high as possible. The molar mass is another important parameter that defines its utilizations, and according to these, high or low molar masses are required. The present study is an attempt to optimize the deacetylation step to obtain chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation and high or low molar mass. The study was carried out based on experimental data obtained in the frame of a central composite design where three working parameters were considered: NaOH concentration, liquid:solid ratio, and process duration. The regression models defined for the degree of deacetylation (DD) and for the mean molar mass (MM) of chitosan powders were used in the formulation of optimization problems. The objectives considered were simultaneous maximum DD and maximum/minimum MM for the final chitosan samples. For these purposes, multiobjective optimization problems were formulated and solved using genetic algorithms implemented in Matlab®. The multiple optimal solutions represented by trade-offs between the two objectives are presented for each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dumitru Dinculescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.D.D.); (M.A.); (L.E.); (R.I.); (I.R.)
| | | | - Cristiana Luminița Gîjiu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.D.D.); (M.A.); (L.E.); (R.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Mirela Anton
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.D.D.); (M.A.); (L.E.); (R.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Laura Enache
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.D.D.); (M.A.); (L.E.); (R.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Verginica Schröder
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900470 Constanta, Romania;
| | - Raluca Isopescu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.D.D.); (M.A.); (L.E.); (R.I.); (I.R.)
| | - Ileana Rău
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania; (D.D.D.); (M.A.); (L.E.); (R.I.); (I.R.)
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6
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Rasak A, Heryanto H, Tahir D. High degradation bioplastics chitosan-based from scale waste of milkfish (Chanos chanos). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128074. [PMID: 37989433 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Bioplastic that is synthesized from natural materials such as chitosan is a renewable solution to reduce plastic waste in the environment because they are easily decomposed. In this study, chitosan (CS) was extracted from Milkfish scales waste to produce composite bioplastic CS/PVA/PEG to determine the effect of CS on the mechanical properties and degradation time. The average particle size of chitin is 8.5 μm and crystallinity of 57.18 % and for CS, the particle size is 3.5 μm and crystallinity of 64.94 %. The degree of deacetylation of CS is 84.1 % which met the quality standard of Indonesian national standard (SNI) Number: 7949:2013. The tensile strength of bioplastics for 0.5 g CS of 0.21 MPa increases to 0.24 MPa for 2 g CS in composite bioplastics CS/PVA/PEG. The biodegradation performance of bioplastic samples takes 72 h to completely decompose in soil for CS-based and in seawater for chitin-based, means that highly recommended to develop in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rasak
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Heryanto Heryanto
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Dahlang Tahir
- Department of Physics, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
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Mouhoub A, Boutachfaiti RE, Petit E, Molinié R, Guendouz A, El Alaoui-Talibi Z, Koraichi SI, Delattre C, Modafar CE. Chemical extraction, characterization, and inspection of the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of shrimp chitosan against foodborne fungi and bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:338. [PMID: 37821792 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the exploitation of biopolymers in the industrial sector has become a trend. Chitosan is considered one of the most investigated biopolymers due to its abundance and antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiofilm activities. In this work, chitosan was chemically extracted from shrimp shells. Solutions of HCl 1 M, NaOH 4 M, and NaOH 15 M were used for the demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation process, respectively. The utilized methods of characterization (FTIR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and SEC-MALS) revealed that the obtained chitosan has a moderate degree of deacetylation and low molecular weight (DDA = 74% and Mw = 72.14 kDa). The microdilution method and inoculation of solid medium were carried out to assess the antibiofilm action of chitosan against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus hirae, Escherichia coli, Rhizopus sp., and Aspergillus sp. which are known as foodborne microorganisms. Results showed that the produced chitosan at 1 g/L inhibits between 63.44 and 99.75% of the microbial biofilm depending on the tested strains. These promising results confirm the potential deployment of the obtained chitosan in the food industry as a replacement for synthetic antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Mouhoub
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Redouan El Boutachfaiti
- IUT d'Amiens, UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Emmanuel Petit
- IUT d'Amiens, UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- IUT d'Amiens, UMRT INRAE 1158 BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Avenue des Facultés, Le Bailly, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Amine Guendouz
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Microbienne et Molécules Bioactives, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah-Fès, Fès, Morocco
| | - Cédric Delattre
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 1 Rue Descartes, 7500, Paris, France
| | - Cherkaoui El Modafar
- Centre d'Agrobiotechnologie et Bioingénierie, Unité de Recherche Labellisée CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, URL-CNRST 05), Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco
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Kaewprachu P, Jaisan C. Physicochemical Properties of Chitosan from Green Mussel Shells ( Perna viridis): A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2816. [PMID: 37447462 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Green mussel shells (Perna viridis) are generated in huge amounts and discarded as waste materials. Such waste may be used to produce biopolymer materials such as chitosan. The physicochemical properties of chitosan prepared from different sizes of green mussel shells (small size (CHS): ≤5.00 cm in length and big size (CHB): >5.01 cm in length) were characterized and compared with commercial chitosan (CH). Furthermore, the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the blended films were also investigated. The results of the physicochemical properties showed that CHS and CHB were quite different from CH. The degree of deacetylation of CHS, CHB, and CH was found to be 32.71%, 52.56%, and 70.42%, respectively (p < 0.05). The water- and fat-binding capacities of CH were higher than those of CHS and CHB. Structural differences between CHS, CHB, and CH were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Significant increases in thickness, water vapor permeability, and strength of the blended films were found when the extracted chitosan was added (p < 0.05). However, further study is needed to improve the chitosan extraction process, which can enhance the physicochemical properties of the obtained chitosan and be widely used in many industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pimonpan Kaewprachu
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand
| | - Chalalai Jaisan
- College of Maritime Studies and Management, Chiang Mai University, Samut Sakhon 74000, Thailand
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9
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Rakhsit S, Pal K, Mondal S, Jana A, Mondal KC, Halder SK. Extraction of chitosan from biologically-derived chitin by bacterial chitin deacetylase: Process optimization and product quality assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125389. [PMID: 37331539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Commercial chitosan manufacturing process relies on strong chemical treatment on chitin that generates chitosan with undesirable properties and leads to environmental pollution. To overcome the adverse consequences, enzymatic chitosan preparation from chitin was undertaken in the current study. A potent chitin deacetylase (CDA) producing bacterial strain was screened and subsequently identified as Alcaligens faecalis CS4. After optimization 40.69 U/ml of CDA production was achieved. By treating the organically extracted chitin with partially purified CDA chitosan yield of 19.04 % was attained having 71 % solubility, 74.9 % degree of deacetylation, 21.16 % crystallinity index, 246.4 kDa molecular weight and 298 °C highest-decomposition temperature. FTIR and XRD analysis revealed characteristics peaks respectively within 870-3425 cm-1 wavenumber and 10°-20°, for enzymatically and chemically extracted (commercial) chitosan that endorses their structural similarity which validated through electron microscopic study. At 10 mg/ml chitosan concentration 65.49 % DPPH radical scavenging activity endorsed its antioxidant potential. Minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosan was 0.675, 1.75, 0.33 and 0.75 mg/ml for Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli and Vibrio sp., respectively. Mucoadhesiveness and cholesterol binding properties were also exhibited by extracted chitosan. The present study opens a new vista for eco-friendly extraction of chitosan from chitin that is proficient and sustainable in environmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Rakhsit
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Kalyanbrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Subhadeep Mondal
- Centre for Life Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Arijit Jana
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Department of Microbiology, Raja N.L. Khan Women's College, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Keshab Chandra Mondal
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India
| | - Suman Kumar Halder
- Department of Microbiology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
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Saetang J, Sukkapat P, Mittal A, Julamanee J, Khopanlert W, Maneechai K, Nazeer RA, Sangkhathat S, Benjakul S. Proteome Analysis of the Antiproliferative Activity of the Novel Chitooligosaccharide-Gallic Acid Conjugate against the SW620 Colon Cancer Cell Line. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1683. [PMID: 37371778 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide (COS) and gallic acid (GA) are natural compounds with anti-cancer properties, and their conjugate (COS-GA) has several biological activities. Herein, the anti-cancer activity of COS-GA in SW620 colon cancer cells was investigated. MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability after treatment with 62.5, 122, and 250 µg/mL of COS, GA, and COS-GA for 24 and 48 h. The number of apoptotic cells was determined using flow cytometry. Proteomic analysis was used to explore the mechanisms of action of different compounds. COS-GA and GA showed a stronger anti-cancer effect than COS by reducing SW620 cell proliferation at 125 and 250 µg/mL within 24 h. Flow cytometry revealed 20% apoptosis after COS-GA treatment for 24 h. Thus, GA majorly contributed to the enhanced anti-cancer activity of COS via conjugation. Proteomic analysis revealed alterations in protein translation and DNA duplication in the COS group and the structural constituents of the cytoskeleton, intermediate filament organization, the mitochondrial nucleoid, and glycolytic processes in the COS-GA group. Anti-cancer-activity-related proteins were altered, including CLTA, HSPA9, HIST2H2BF, KRT18, HINT1, DSP, and VIM. Overall, the COS-GA conjugate can serve as a potential anti-cancer agent for the safe and effective treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirakrit Saetang
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Phutthipong Sukkapat
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Ajay Mittal
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jakrawadee Julamanee
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wannakorn Khopanlert
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Kajornkiat Maneechai
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Hematology Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rasool Abdul Nazeer
- Biopharmaceuticals Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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11
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Lam ILJ, Mohd Affandy MA, 'Aqilah NMN, Vonnie JM, Felicia WXL, Rovina K. Physicochemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Analysis of Vegetal Chitosan Extracted from Distinct Forest Fungi Species. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102328. [PMID: 37242902 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this investigation is to conduct a thorough analysis of the physical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of chitosan derived from various forest fungi. Additionally, the study aims to determine the effectiveness of this vegetal chitosan as an antimicrobial agent. In this study, Auricularia auricula-judae, Hericium erinaceus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, and Lentinula edodes were examined. The fungi samples were subjected to a series of rigorous chemical extraction procedures, including demineralization, deproteinization, discoloration, and deacetylation. Subsequently, the chitosan samples were subjected to a comprehensive physicochemical characterization analysis, encompassing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), degree of deacetylation determination, ash content determination, moisture content determination, and solubility determination. To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of the vegetal chitosan samples, two different sampling parameters were employed, namely human hand and banana, to assess their effectiveness in inhibiting microbial growth. Notably, the percentage of chitin and chitosan varied significantly among the distinct fungal species examined. Moreover, EDX spectroscopy confirmed the extraction of chitosan from H. erinaceus, L. edodes, P. ostreatus, and T. fuciformis. The FTIR spectra of all samples revealed a similar absorbance pattern, albeit with varying peak intensities. Furthermore, the XRD patterns for each sample were nearly identical, with the exception of the A. auricula-judae sample, which exhibited sharp peaks at ~37° and ~51°, while the crystallinity index of this same sample was approximately 17% lower than the others. The moisture content results indicated that the L. edodes sample was the least stable, while the P. ostreatus sample was the most stable, in terms of degradation rate. Similarly, the solubility of the samples showed substantial variation among each species, with the H. erinaceus sample displaying the highest solubility among the rest. Lastly, the antimicrobial activity of the chitosan solutions exhibited different efficacies in inhibiting microbial growth of skin microflora and microbes found on the peel of Musa acuminata × balbisiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iversen Luk Jun Lam
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | | | - Nasir Md Nur 'Aqilah
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Joseph Merillyn Vonnie
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wen Xia Ling Felicia
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Kobun Rovina
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia
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12
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Mohammadi P, Taghavi E, Foong SY, Rajaei A, Amiri H, de Tender C, Peng W, Lam SS, Aghbashlo M, Rastegari H, Tabatabaei M. Comparison of shrimp waste-derived chitosan produced through conventional and microwave-assisted extraction processes: Physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124841. [PMID: 37182628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Depending on its physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities, chitosan can have a wide range of applications in food, pharmaceutical, medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, and aquaculture. In this experimental study, chitosan was extracted from shrimp waste through conventional extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and conventional extraction under microwave process conditions. The effects of the heating source on the physicochemical properties and antibacterial activity were investigated. The results showed that the heating process parameters affected the physicochemical properties considerably. The conventional procedure yielded high molecular weight chitosan with a 12.7 % yield, while the microwave extraction procedure yielded a porous medium molecular weight chitosan at 11.8 %. The conventional extraction under microwave process conditions led to medium molecular weight chitosan with the lowest yield (10.8 %) and crystallinity index (79 %). Antibacterial assessment findings revealed that the chitosan extracted using the conventional method had the best antibacterial activity in the agar disk diffusion assay against Listeria monocytogenes (9.48 mm), Escherichia coli. (8.79 mm), and Salmonella Typhimurium (8.57 mm). While the chitosan obtained by microwave-assisted extraction possessed the highest activity against E. coli. (8.37 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus (8.05 mm), with comparable antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium (7.34 mm) and L. monocytogenes (6.52 mm). Moreover, the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration assays demonstrated that among the chitosan samples investigated, the conventionally-extracted chitosan, followed by the chitosan extracted by microwave, had the best antibacterial activity against the target bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Mohammadi
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Elham Taghavi
- Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Shin Ying Foong
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rajaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Hamid Amiri
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran; Environmental Research Institute, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - Caroline de Tender
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde 9052, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Wanxi Peng
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; University Centre for Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India.
| | - Mortaza Aghbashlo
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hajar Rastegari
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-Added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India.
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