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Wang ZZ, Xu HC, Zhou HX, Zhang CK, Li BM, He JH, Ni PS, Yu XM, Liu YQ, Li FH. Long-term detraining reverses the improvement of lifelong exercise on skeletal muscle ferroptosis and inflammation in aging rats: fiber-type dependence of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Biogerontology 2023; 24:753-769. [PMID: 37289374 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of lifelong aerobic exercise and 8 months of detraining after 10 months of aerobic training on circulation, skeletal muscle oxidative stress, and inflammation in aging rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control (CON), detraining (DET), and lifelong aerobic training (LAT) groups. The DET and LAT groups began aerobic treadmill exercise at the age of 8 months and stopped training at the 18th and 26th month, respectively; all rats were sacrificed when aged 26 months. Compared with CON, LAT remarkably decreased serum and aged skeletal muscle 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2) levels were higher in the LAT group than in the CON group in skeletal muscle. However, DET remarkably decreased SOD2 protein expression and content in the skeletal muscle and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) level compared with LAT. Compared with LAT, DET remarkably downregulated adiponectin and upregulated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) expression, while phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (P70S6K) protein expression decreased, and that of FoxO1 and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbX) proteins increased in the quadriceps femoris. Adiponectin and TNF-α expression in the soleus muscle did not change between groups, whereas that of AKT, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and P70S6K was lower in the soleus in the DET group than in that in the LAT group. Compared with that in the LAT group, sestrin1 (SES1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein expression in the DET group was lower, whereas Keap1 mRNA expression was remarkably upregulated in the quadriceps femoris. Interestingly, the protein and mRNA levels of SES1, Nrf2, and Keap1 in soleus muscle did not differ between groups. LAT remarkably upregulated ferritin heavy polypeptide 1(FTH), glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4), and solute carrier family 7member 11 (SLC7A11) protein expression in the quadriceps femoris and soleus muscles, compared with CON. However, compared with LAT, DET downregulated FTH, GPX4, and SLC7A11 protein expression in the quadriceps femoris and soleus muscles. Long-term detraining during the aging phase reverses the improvement effect of lifelong exercise on oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, and muscle atrophy in aging skeletal muscle. The quadriceps femoris is more evident than the soleus, which may be related to the different changes in the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in different skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang-Zhi Wang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hai-Chen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Huan-Xia Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Chen-Kai Zhang
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bo-Ming Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Han He
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pin-Shi Ni
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Yun-Qing Liu
- Changzhou Sports Hospital, Changzhou, 213022, China
| | - Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- School of Sport Sciences, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 222023, China.
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Chijiokwu EA, Nwangwa EK, Oyovwi MO, Naiho AO, Emojevwe V, Ohwin EP, Ehiwarior PA, Ojugbeli ET, Nwabuoku US, Oghenetega OB, Ogheneyoma OO. Intermittent fasting and exercise therapy abates STZ-induced diabetotoxicity in rats through modulation of adipocytokines hormone, oxidative glucose metabolic, and glycolytic pathway. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15279. [PMID: 36305681 PMCID: PMC9615571 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global, costly, and growing public health issue. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise therapy have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity (IS) in large studies, although the underlying processes are still unknown. The goal of this study, which included both nondiabetic and diabetic rats, was to look at the mechanisms of intermittent fasting and exercise in the management of diabetotoxicity. The effects of starvation and honey on the oral glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test, adipocytokines, oxidative glucose metabolic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, food intake, and body weight in rats with streptozotocin‐induced diabetes were also investigated. In the nondiabetic phase, rats were administered an oral regimen of distilled water (0.5 ml/rat), honey (1 g/kg body weight), and interventions with IF, and starvation for 4 weeks while in the diabetic phase, after STZ or citrate buffer injections, interventions with IF, exercise, starvation, and honey treatment began for 4 weeks. At all OGTT and ITT points, there was a substantial rise in glucose in the STZ group. Adipocytokines hormone, oxidative glucose metabolic enzymes, glycolytic enzymes, and body weight were all affected by STZ when compared to starvation and honey, however, IF and exercise significantly reduced these alterations. In diabetic rats, intermittent fasting and exercise enhanced serum adipocytokines levels. These findings imply that adipokines modulate glycolytic/nonmitochondrial enzymes and glucose metabolic/mitochondrial dehydrogenase to mediate the antidiabetic effects of intermittent fasting and exercise. Intermittent fasting and exercise therapy abates STZ‐induced diabetotoxicity in rats through modulation of adipocytokines hormone, oxidative glucose metabolic, and glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejime A. Chijiokwu
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Eze K. Nwangwa
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Mega O. Oyovwi
- 524172Department of Human PhysiologyAchievers UniversityOwoOndo StateNigeria
| | - Alexander O. Naiho
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Victor Emojevwe
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of Medical SciencesOndoOndo StateNigeria
| | - Ejiro P. Ohwin
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Prosper A. Ehiwarior
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Evelyn T. Ojugbeli
- Department of Medical BiochemistryFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Udoka S. Nwabuoku
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
| | - Onome B. Oghenetega
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceBabcock UniversityIlisan‐RomoOgun StateNigeria
| | - Ofulue O. Ogheneyoma
- Department of PhysiologyFaculty of Basic Medical ScienceCollege of Health SciencesDelta State UniversityAbrakaDelta StateNigeria
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Otu LI, Otu A. Adiponectin and the Control of Metabolic Dysfunction: Is Exercise the Magic Bullet? Front Physiol 2021; 12:651732. [PMID: 33897460 PMCID: PMC8058350 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauretta I Otu
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Akaninyene Otu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
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Abstract
The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body, by mass. It is also the regulator of glucose homeostasis, responsible for 80% of postprandial glucose uptake from the circulation. Skeletal muscle is essential for metabolism, both for its role in glucose uptake and its importance in exercise and metabolic disease. In this article, we give an overview of the importance of skeletal muscle in metabolism, describing its role in glucose uptake and the diseases that are associated with skeletal muscle metabolic dysregulation. We focus on the role of skeletal muscle in peripheral insulin resistance and the potential for skeletal muscle-targeted therapeutics to combat insulin resistance and diabetes, as well as other metabolic diseases like aging and obesity. In particular, we outline the possibilities and pitfalls of the quest for exercise mimetics, which are intended to target the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on metabolic disease. We also provide a description of the molecular mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle glucose uptake, including a focus on the SNARE proteins, which are essential regulators of glucose transport into the skeletal muscle. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:785-809, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla E. Merz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
- The Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, California, USA
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Li XZ, Yan Y, Zhang JF, Sun JF, Sun B, Yan CG, Choi SH, Johnson BJ, Kim JK, Smith SB. Oleic acid in the absence of a PPARγ agonist increases adipogenic gene expression in bovine muscle satellite cells1. J Anim Sci 2019; 97:4114-4123. [PMID: 31424542 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that oleic acid (OA) in the absence of a thiazolidinedione (i.e., a synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγ [PPARγ] agonist) would increase adipogenic gene expression in bovine muscle satellite cells (BSC). The BSC were cultured in differentiation medium containing 10 µM ciglitazone (CI), 100 µM OA, or 100 µM OA plus 10 µM CI (CI-OA). Control (CON) BSC were cultured only in differentiation media (containing 2% horse serum). The presence of myogenin, desmin, and paired box 7 proteins was confirmed in the BSC by immunofluorescence staining, demonstrating that we had isolated myogenic cells. The OA BSC had lesser paired box 3 (Pax3) and myogenic differentiation 1 expression but greater Pax7 and mygogenin (MYOG) expression (P < 0.05), than the CON BSC. The CI BSC had greater Pax3, Pax7, and MYOG expression than CON BSC (P < 0.05), suggesting that CI would promote BSC myogenesis under pro-myogenic conditions (i.e., when cultured with horse serum). However, both the OA and CI treatments upregulated the expression of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) and C/EBPß, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1, lipoprotein lipase, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 3 gene expression, as well as media adiponectin concentration (P < 0.05). The CI, OA, and CI-OA treatments also increased triacylglycerol and lipid droplet accumulation, in spite of upregulation (relative to CON BSC) of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha-1, perilipin 2 (PLIN2), and PLIN3 in BSC and downregulation of G protein-coupled protein receptor 43, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3, and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (P < 0.05). These results indicate that OA in the absence of a synthetic PPARγ agonist can effectively increase adipogenic gene expression in BSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Z Li
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jun F Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Jian F Sun
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Bin Sun
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Chang G Yan
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, P. R. China
| | - Seong H Choi
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bradley J Johnson
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Jong K Kim
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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